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Fernández-Trujillo S, Jiménez-Moreno M, Rodríguez-Fariñas N, Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios RC. Critical evaluation of the potential of ICP-MS-based systems in toxicological studies of metallic nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2657-2676. [PMID: 38329514 PMCID: PMC11009754 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The extensive application of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in several fields has significantly impacted our daily lives. Nonetheless, uncertainties persist regarding the toxicity and potential risks associated with the vast number of NPs entering the environment and human bodies, so the performance of toxicological studies are highly demanded. While traditional assays focus primarily on the effects, the comprehension of the underlying processes requires innovative analytical approaches that can detect, characterize, and quantify NPs in complex biological matrices. Among the available alternatives to achieve this information, mass spectrometry, and more concretely, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), has emerged as an appealing option. This work critically reviews the valuable contribution of ICP-MS-based techniques to investigate NP toxicity and their transformations during in vitro and in vivo toxicological assays. Various ICP-MS modalities, such as total elemental analysis, single particle or single-cell modes, and coupling with separation techniques, as well as the potential of laser ablation as a spatially resolved sample introduction approach, are explored and discussed. Moreover, this review addresses limitations, novel trends, and perspectives in the field of nanotoxicology, particularly concerning NP internalization and pathways. These processes encompass cellular uptake and quantification, localization, translocation to other cell compartments, and biological transformations. By leveraging the capabilities of ICP-MS, researchers can gain deeper insights into the behaviour and effects of NPs, which can pave the way for safer and more responsible use of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fernández-Trujillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez-Fariñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa Carmen Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain.
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2
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Yin F, Zhou Y, Xie D, Liang Y, Luo X. Evaluating the adverse effects and mechanisms of nanomaterial exposure on longevity of C. elegans: A literature meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis of multi-transcriptome data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 247:118106. [PMID: 38224941 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to large-size particulate air pollution (PM2.5 or PM10) has been reported to increase risks of aging-related diseases and human death, indicating the potential pro-aging effects of airborne nanomaterials with ultra-fine particle size (which have been widely applied in various fields). However, this hypothesis remains inconclusive. Here, a meta-analysis of 99 published literatures collected from electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library; from inception to June 2023) was performed to confirm the effects of nanomaterial exposure on aging-related indicators and molecular mechanisms in model animal C. elegans. The pooled analysis by Stata software showed that compared with the control, nanomaterial exposure significantly shortened the mean lifespan [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -2.30], reduced the survival rate (SMD = -4.57) and increased the death risk (hazard ratio = 1.36) accompanied by upregulation of ced-3, ced-4 and cep-1, while downregulation of ctl-2, ape-1, aak-2 and pmk-1. Furthermore, multi-transcriptome data associated with nanomaterial exposure were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE32521, GSE41486, GSE24847, GSE59470, GSE70509, GSE14932, GSE93187, GSE114881, and GSE122728) and bioinformatics analyses showed that pseudogene prg-2, mRNAs of abu, car-1, gipc-1, gsp-3, kat-1, pod-2, acdh-8, hsp-60 and egrh-2 were downregulated, while R04A9.7 was upregulated after exposure to at least two types of nanomaterials. Resveratrol (abu, hsp-60, pod-2, egrh-2, acdh-8, gsp-3, car-1, kat-1, gipc-1), naringenin (kat-1, egrh-2), coumestrol (egrh-2) or swainsonine/niacin/ferulic acid (R04A9.7) exerted therapeutic effects by reversing the expression levels of target genes. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the necessity to use phytomedicines that target hub genes to delay aging for populations with nanomaterial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Textile Science and Engineering/National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China.
| | - Dongli Xie
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yunxia Liang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Taipe Huisa AJ, Estrella Josende M, Gelesky MA, Fernandes Ramos D, López G, Bernardi F, Monserrat JM. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: antimicrobial efficacy and ecotoxicological assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:12005-12018. [PMID: 38227263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is usually based on expensive methods that use or generate chemicals that can negatively impact the environment. Our study presents a simple one-step synthesis process for obtaining AgNP using an aqueous extract of Amazonian fruit açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) as the reducing and stabilizing agents. The bio-synthesized AgNP (bio-AgNP) were comprehensively characterized by diverse techniques, and as a result, 20-nm spherical particles (transmission electron microscopy) were obtained. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the presence of crystalline AgNP, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) suggested that polyphenolic compounds of açaí were present on the surface. The bio-AgNP showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. In Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to 10 μg/L bio-AgNP for 96 h, there were no significant effects on growth, reproduction, or reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration; however, there was an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymatic activity. In contrast, when worms were exposed to chemically synthesized AgNP (PVP-AgNP), an increase in ROS, SOD, and GST activity and a reduction in oxidative stress resistance were observed. In conclusion, our study not only showcased the potential of açaí in the simple and rapid production of AgNP but also highlighted the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles using our protocol. Moreover, our findings revealed that these AgNPs exhibited reduced toxicity to C. elegans at environmentally realistic concentrations compared with PVP-AgNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Joel Taipe Huisa
- Physiological Sciences Post Graduation Program, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Estrella Josende
- Physiological Sciences Post Graduation Program, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alexandre Gelesky
- Technological and Environmental Chemistry Post Graduation Program. School of Chemistry and Food (EQA), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Medicine Faculty (FAMED), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Bernardi
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José María Monserrat
- Physiological Sciences Post Graduation Program, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Yang Y, Li M, Zheng J, Zhang D, Ding Y, Yu HQ. Environmentally relevant exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A induces reproductive toxicity via regulating glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase and sperm activation in Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167820. [PMID: 37858812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a ubiquitous brominated flame-retardant environmental pollutant, has been reported to cause reproductive toxicity by chronic exposure. However, the acute reproductive risk and mechanisms of TBBPA toxicity to individuals, especially at environmentally relevant levels, remains a topic of debate. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was used to investigate the reproductive toxicity of acute exposure to TBBPA at environmentally relevant doses. The reproductive end points (embryonic lethality ratio and brood size), oxidative stress, sperm activation, and molecular docking were evaluated. Results showed that, after 24 h of TBBPA treatment, even at the lowest concentration (1 μg/L), the embryonic lethality ratio of C. elegans increased significantly, from 1.63 % to 3.03 %. Furthermore, TBBPA induced oxidative stress with significantly increased expression of sod-3 in C. elegans, which further raised the level of reproductive toxicity through inhibiting the activation of sperm in nematodes. In addition, molecular docking suggested TBBPA might compete for the glucose-6-phosphate-binding site of glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, resulting in oxidative stress generation. Accordingly, our findings indicate that even acute exposure to environmental concentrations of TBBPA may induce reproductive toxicity through reducing sperm activation in nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Anhui Huaqi Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd., Ma' Anshan, Anhui 243000, China
| | - Minghui Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Anhui Huaqi Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd., Ma' Anshan, Anhui 243000, China
| | - Dewei Zhang
- Anhui Huaqi Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd., Ma' Anshan, Anhui 243000, China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Eddy NO, Garg R, Garg R, Ukpe RA, Abugu H. Adsorption and photodegradation of organic contaminants by silver nanoparticles: isotherms, kinetics, and computational analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:65. [PMID: 38112987 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In view of the widespread and distribution of several classes and types of organic contaminants, increased efforts are needed to reduce their spread and subsequent environmental contamination. Although several remediation approaches are available, adsorption and photodegradation technologies are presented in this review as one of the best options because of their environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, accessibility, less selectivity, and wider scope of applications among others. The bandgap, particle size, surface area, electrical properties, thermal stability, reusability, chemical stability, and other properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPS) are highlighted to account for their suitability in adsorption and photocatalytic applications, concerning organic contaminants. Literatures have been reviewed on the application of various AgNPS as adsorbent and photocatalyst in the remediation of several classes of organic contaminants. Theories of adsorption have also been outlined while photocatalysis is seen to have adsorption as the initial mechanism. Challenges facing the application of silver nanoparticles have also been highlighted and possible solutions have been presented. However, current information is dominated by applications on dyes and the view of the authors supports the need to strengthen the usefulness of AgNPS in adsorption and photodegradation of more classes of organic contaminants, especially emerging contaminants. We also encourage the simultaneous applications of adsorption and photodegradation to completely convert toxic wastes to harmless forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnabuk Okon Eddy
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Rajni Garg
- Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Rishav Garg
- Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | | | - Hillary Abugu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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6
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Agarrayua DA, Silva AC, Saraiva NR, Soares AT, Aschner M, Avila DS. Neurotoxicology of metals and metallic nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2023; 9:107-148. [PMID: 37384197 PMCID: PMC10306323 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Araujo Agarrayua
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Castro Silva
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Nariani Rocha Saraiva
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Thalita Soares
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Daiana Silva Avila
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences- Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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7
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Yang A, Wen T, Hao B, Meng Y, Zhang X, Wang T, Meng J, Liu J, Wang J, Xu H. Biodistribution and Toxicological Effects of Ultra-Small Pt Nanoparticles Deposited on Au Nanorods (Au@Pt NRs) in Mice with Intravenous Injection. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5339-5351. [DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s386476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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8
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Yao Y, Zhang T, Tang M. A critical review of advances in reproductive toxicity of common nanomaterials to Caenorhabditis elegans and influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119270. [PMID: 35398402 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, nanotechnology has rapidly developed. Therefore, there is growing concern about the potential environmental risks of nanoparticles (NPs). Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been used as a powerful tool for studying the potential ecotoxicological impacts of nanomaterials from the whole animal level to single cell level, especially in the area of reproduction. In this review, we discuss the reproductive toxicity of common nanomaterials in C. elegans, such as metal-based nanomaterial (silver nanoparticles (NPs), gold NPs, zinc oxide NPs, copper oxide NPs), carbon-based nanomaterial (graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, fullerene nanoparticles), polymeric NPs, silica NPs, quantum dots, and the potential mechanisms involved. This insights into the toxic effects of existing nanomaterials on the human reproductive system. In addition, we summarize how the physicochemical properties (e.g., size, charge, surface modification, shape) of nanomaterials influence their reproductive toxicity. Overall, using C. elegans as a platform to develop rapid detection techniques and prediction methods for nanomaterial reproductive toxicity is expected to reduce the gap between biosafety evaluation of nanomaterials and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Gubert G, Gubert P, Sandes JM, Bornhorst J, Alves LC, Quines CB, Mosca DH. The nanotoxicity assessment of cube-like iron nitride magnetic nanoparticles at the organismal level of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:472-483. [PMID: 35848961 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2099768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are suitable candidates for various medical and biological applications, despite some concerns that they may have negative impacts on human health. In this study, the toxicity effects of magnetic NPs consisting of α"-Fe16N2 captured and bioaccumulated by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in the early larval stage are evaluated. The choice of α"-Fe16N2 NPs is based on their good structural stability when stored in saline solution and high magnetic performance. The uptake and bioaccumulation of α"-Fe16N2 NPs in intestinal cells of C. elegans was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. After exposure to NPs up to 40 mg mL-1, C. elegans larval development, survival, feeding behavior, defecation cycles, movement and reproduction were monitored. C. elegans survival and other monitored behavioral evolutions do not show significant changes, except for a slight statistical reduction in the reproductive profile. Therefore, the present results are promising and very encouraging for investigations of applications of α"-Fe16N2 NPs in the biomedical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greici Gubert
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Instituto Federal Catarinense, Rio do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Graduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, POSQUIPA. Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil.,Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami, LIKA. Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Jana Messias Sandes
- Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami, LIKA. Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Recife, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brandão Quines
- Postgraduating Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Dante Homero Mosca
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Fuentes C, Verdú S, Fuentes A, Ruiz MJ, Barat JM. In vivo toxicity assessment of eugenol and vanillin-functionalised silica particles using Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113601. [PMID: 35533449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological properties of different silica particles functionalised with essential oil components (EOCs) were herein assessed using the in vivo model C. elegans. In particular, the effects of the acute and long-term exposure to three silica particle types (SAS, MCM-41 micro, MCM-41 nano), either bare or functionalised with eugenol or vanillin, were evaluated on different biological parameters of nematodes. Acute exposure to the different particles did not reduce nematodes survival, brood growth or locomotion, but reproduction was impaired by all the materials, except for vanillin-functionalised MCM-41 nano. Moreover, long-term exposure to particles led to strongly inhibited nematodes growth and reproduction. The eugenol-functionalised particles exhibited higher functionalisation yields and had the strongest effects during acute and long-term exposures. Overall, the vanillin-functionalised particles displayed milder acute toxic effects on reproduction than pristine materials, but severer toxicological responses for the 96-hour exposure assays. Our findings suggest that the EOC type anchored to silica surfaces and functionalisation yield are crucial for determining the toxicological effects of particles on C. elegans. The results obtained with this alternative in vivo model can help to anticipate potential toxic responses to these new materials for human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Samuel Verdú
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Barat
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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11
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Rajan R, Huo P, Chandran K, Manickam Dakshinamoorthi B, Yun SI, Liu B. A review on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles against different biosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133397. [PMID: 34954197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress made in the past two decades, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have not yet made it to the clinical trials. In addition, they showed both positive and negative effects in their toxicity from unicellular organism to well-developed multi-organ system, for example, rat. Although it is generally accepted that capped (bio)molecules have synergistic bioactivities and diminish the toxicity of metallic Ag core, convincing evidence is completely lacking. Therefore, in this review, we first highlight the recent in vivo toxicity studies of chemically manufactured AgNPs, biologically synthesized AgNPs and reference AgNPs of European Commission. Then, their toxic effects are compared with each other and the overlooked factors leading to the potential conflict of obtained toxicity results are discussed. Finally, suggestions are given to better design and conduct the future toxicity studies and to fast-track the successful clinical translation of AgNPs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Rajan
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China
| | - PeiPei Huo
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China
| | - Krishnaraj Chandran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soon-Il Yun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China.
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12
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Zhang H, Gao S, Chen W. Automated recognition and analysis of head thrashes behavior in C. elegans. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:87. [PMID: 35255825 PMCID: PMC8903547 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Locomotive behaviors are a rapid evaluation indicator reflecting whether the nervous system of worms is damaged, and has been proved to be sensitive to chemical toxicity. In many toxicological studies, C. elegans head thrashes is a key indicator of locomotive behaviors to measure the vitality of worms. In previous studies, the number of head thrashes was manually counted, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Results This paper presents an automatic recognition and counting method for head thrashes behavior of worms from experimental videos. First, the image processing algorithm is designed for worm morphology features calculation, mean gray values of head and tail are used to locate the head of worm accurately. Next, the worm skeleton is extracted and divided into equal parts. The angle formulas are used to calculate the bending angle of the head of worm. Finally, the number of head thrashes is counted according to the bending angle of the head in each frame. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing the counting results of the manual counting. It is proved that the proposed algorithm can recognize the occurrence of head thrashes of C. elegans of different strains. In addition, the difference of the head thrashes behavior of different worm strains is analyzed, it is proved that the relationship between worm head thrashes behavior and lifespan. Conclusions A new method is proposed to automatically count the number of head thrashes of worms. This algorithm makes it possible to count the number of head thrashes from the worm videos collected by the automatic tracking system. The proposed algorithm will play an important role in toxicological research and worm vitality research. The code is freely available at https://github.com/hthana/HTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Weiyang Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
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Wu S, Gaillard JF, Gray KA. The impacts of metal-based engineered nanomaterial mixtures on microbial systems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146496. [PMID: 34030287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed tremendous growth in the commercial use of metal-based engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for a wide range of products and processes. Consequently, direct and indirect release into environmental systems may no longer be considered negligible or insignificant. Yet, there is an active debate as to whether there are real risks to human or ecological health with environmental exposure to ENMs. Previous research has focused primarily on the acute effects of individual ENMs using pure cultures under controlled laboratory environments, which may not accurately reveal the ecological impacts of ENMs under real environmental conditions. The goal of this review is to assess our current understanding of ENM effects as we move from exposure of single to multiple ENMs or microbial species. For instance, are ENMs' impacts on microbial communities predicted by their intrinsic physical or chemical characteristics or their effects on single microbial populations; how do chronic ENM interactions compare to acute toxicity; does behavior under simplified laboratory conditions reflect that in environmental media; finally, is biological stress modified by interactions in ENM mixtures relative to that of individual ENM? This review summarizes key findings and our evolving understanding of the ecological effects of ENMs under complex environmental conditions on microbial systems, identifies the gaps in our current knowledge, and indicates the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, USA.
| | | | - Kimberly A Gray
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, USA.
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14
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Hu K, Xu Y, Xu S, Cheng L, Zhou T, Xie A, Xu A, Wu L, Chen S. Ecotoxicity Risk of Low-Dose Methylmercury Exposure to Caenorhabditis elegans: Multigenerational Toxicity and Population Discrepancy. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1114-1123. [PMID: 33739826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a common organic form of mercury in water, which has been linked to several forms of biological toxicity. However, studies on the ecotoxicity risk of long-term exposure to low-dose MeHg are insufficient for the assessment of environmental safety. In the present study, the effects of MeHg on multiple generations (P0-F3) and population of Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated under long-term, low-dose exposure. We investigated the multigenerational toxicity of MeHg by analyzing reproductive and developmental indicators. According to our results, exposure to 100 nM MeHg had little effect on the parental generation (P0) but caused serious reproductive toxicity in the offspring (F1-F3), and the effect of MeHg was aggravated with each passing generation. The genes related to apoptosis and DNA damage were upregulated in the F3 generation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the changes in these genes were closely related to the apoptosis of gonadal cells. Furthermore, chronic exposure to MeHg (from 100 to 1000 nM group) caused a sharp decline in population size and triggered the "bag of worms" phenotype. Genes related to vulvar development were downregulated in the F3 generation after treatment with 100 nM MeHg. These data suggest that long-term low-dose MeHg exposure adversely affected C. elegans and its offspring and triggered multigenerational toxicity and population discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shengmin Xu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Aidi Xie
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - An Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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15
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Choi JH, Lee H, Lee H, Lee H. Dopant-Dependent Toxicity of CeO 2 Nanoparticles Is Associated with Dynamic Changes in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 and Transcriptional Activation of NRF2 Gene in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3087. [PMID: 33802993 PMCID: PMC8002609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the preparation of metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles (NPs) as catalysts for various applications, concerns about the biosafety of these particles remain. In this study, we prepared transition metal-doped cerium oxide (TM@CeO2; TM = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni) nanoparticles and investigated the mechanism underlying dopant-dependent toxicity in HaCaT human keratinocytes. We show that doping with Cr or Co but not Fe, Mn, or Ni increased the toxicity of CeO2 NPs in dose- and time-dependent manners and led to apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, while both undoped and transition metal-doped NPs increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), toxic Cr@CeO2 and Co@CeO2 NPs failed to induce the expression of NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) as well as its downstream target genes involved in the antioxidant defense system. Moreover, activation of NRF2 transcription was correlated with dynamic changes in H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 at the promoter of NRF2, which was not observed in cells exposed to Cr@CeO2 NPs. Furthermore, exposure to relatively non-toxic Fe@CeO2 NPs, but not the toxic Cr@CeO2 NPs, resulted in increased binding of MLL1 complex, a major histone lysine methylase mediating trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4, at the NRF2 promoter. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that failure of cells to respond to oxidative stress is critical for dopant-dependent toxicity of CeO2 NPs and emphasize that careful evaluation of newly developed NPs should be preceded before industrial or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hyun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (J.H.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Haram Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (J.H.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hangil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea; (J.H.C.); (H.L.)
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16
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Alvino L, Pacheco-Herrero M, López-Lorente ÁI, Quiñones Z, Cárdenas S, González-Sánchez ZI. Toxicity evaluation of barium ferrite nanoparticles in bacteria, yeast and nematode. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126786. [PMID: 32335439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Barium ferrite nanoparticles (BaFeNPs) are a permanent magnetic nanomaterial widely used in electrical energy storage, recording media or in the improvement of the magnetic properties of other nanoparticles (NPs). However, the information about the toxicity of BaFeNPs is almost non-existent. Thus, in the present work, the antimicrobial effect of BaFeNPs was evaluated for the first time in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and yeast showing neither antibacterial nor antifungal activity at moderate concentrations. On the other hand, in order to assess the in vivo toxicity of BaFeNPs the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was used and ingestion, survival, reproduction and ROS production were evaluated in worms treated with different concentrations of BaFeNPs. Our results show that worms ingest these NPs through the digestive system affecting survival, reproduction and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilibette Alvino
- Nanobiology Laboratory, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, PUCMM, Autopista Duarte Km 1 ½, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, PUCMM, Autopista Duarte Km 1 ½, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - Mar Pacheco-Herrero
- Nanobiology Laboratory, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, PUCMM, Autopista Duarte Km 1 ½, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, PUCMM, Autopista Duarte Km 1 ½, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - Ángela I López-Lorente
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie Anexo, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Zahíra Quiñones
- Nanobiology Laboratory, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, PUCMM, Autopista Duarte Km 1 ½, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic; Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, PUCMM, Autopista Duarte Km 1 ½, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie Anexo, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Zaira Isabel González-Sánchez
- Nanobiology Laboratory, Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, PUCMM, Autopista Duarte Km 1 ½, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic.
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17
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Ayech A, Josende ME, Ventura-Lima J, Ruas C, Gelesky MA, Ale A, Cazenave J, Galdopórpora JM, Desimone MF, Duarte M, Halicki P, Ramos D, Carvalho LM, Leal GC, Monserrat JM. Toxicity evaluation of nanocrystalline silver-impregnated coated dressing on the life cycle of worm Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 197:110570. [PMID: 32311611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, however, due to the emergence of bacterial strains with resistance to conventional antibiotics, silver has again gained attention as an alternative for developing new efficient bactericides, including the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, the improper disposal of these items after use may cause toxicological effects on organisms in the environment. To evaluate the potential environmental hazard of nanosilver-coated dressings, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was chosen as a test organism. The assays were conducted in 24-well plates that contain four different sizes of coated dressing to obtain different concentrations. L1 and L4 C. elegans larval stages were exposed to these nanosilver concentrations. Dressing cutouts were arranged between two layers of agar for 3 days and Escherichia coli (OP 50 strain) was added as food source for the worms. After the exposure period, growth, reproduction, fertility, silver concentration in the medium and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the worms were evaluated. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed on the coated dressings, as well as analyses of zeta potential, ionic release and antibacterial power in two bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus). It was verified the antibacterial power of the coated dressing, in both bacteria strains tested. Characterization of the coated dressing indicated heterogeneous nanoparticles, as well as distinct zeta potentials for the medium in water and saline medium (0.9% NaCl). L1 larval worms exposed to nanosilver-coated dressing showed a high ROS concentration and reductions in growth, fertility and reproduction. Worms exposed to the coated dressing during the L4 stage showed almost no response. Overall, the obtained results indicate the potential environmental hazard of nanosilver-coated dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ayech
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - M E Josende
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - J Ventura-Lima
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - C Ruas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental (PPGQTA), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - M A Gelesky
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Escola de Química e Alimentos (EQA), Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Tecnológica e Ambiental (PPGQTA), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - A Ale
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), UNL, CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J Cazenave
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), UNL, CONICET, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J M Galdopórpora
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - P Halicki
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - D Ramos
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - L M Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-graducação em Ciências Farmacéuticas, Santa María, RS, Brazil
| | - G C Leal
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-graducação em Ciências Farmacéuticas, Santa María, RS, Brazil
| | - J M Monserrat
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Tortella GR, Rubilar O, Durán N, Diez MC, Martínez M, Parada J, Seabra AB. Silver nanoparticles: Toxicity in model organisms as an overview of its hazard for human health and the environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:121974. [PMID: 32062374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted remarkable attention due to their powerful antimicrobial action as well as their particular physicochemical properties. This has led to their application in a wide variety of products with promising results. However, their interaction with the environment and toxicity in live terrestrial or aquatic organisms is still a matter of intense debate. More detailed knowledge is still required about the toxicity of AgNPs, their possible uptake mechanisms and their adverse effects in live organisms. Several studies have reported the interactions and potential negative effects of AgNPs in different organisms. In this review, we report and discuss the current state of the art and perspectives for the impact of AgNPs on different organisms present in the environment. Recent progress in interpreting uptake, translocation and accumulation mechanisms in different organisms and/or living animals are discussed, as well as the toxicity of AgNPs and possible tolerance mechanisms in live organisms to cope with their deleterious effects. Finally, we discuss the challenges of accurate physicochemical characterization of AgNPs and their ecotoxicity in environmentally realistic conditions such as soil and water media.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
| | - O Rubilar
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - N Durán
- NanoBioss Lab., Chemistry Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Diez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J Parada
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - A B Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal d ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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Abbas Q, Yousaf B, Ali MU, Munir MAM, El-Naggar A, Rinklebe J, Naushad M. Transformation pathways and fate of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in distinct interactive environmental compartments: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105646. [PMID: 32179325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ever increasing production and use of nano-enabled commercial products release the massive amount of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in the environment. An increasing number of recent studies have shown the toxic effects of ENPs on different organisms, raising concerns over the nano-pollutants behavior and fate in the various environmental compartments. After the release of ENPs in the environment, ENPs interact with various components of the environment and undergoes dynamic transformation processes. This review focus on ENPs transformations in the various environmental compartments. The transformation processes of ENPs are interrelated to multiple environmental aspects. Physical, chemical and biological processes such as the homo- or hetero-agglomeration, dissolution/sedimentation, adsorption, oxidation, reduction, sulfidation, photochemically and biologically mediated reactions mainly occur in the environment consequently changes the mobility and bioavailability of ENPs. Physico-chemical characteristics of ENPs (particle size, surface area, zeta potential/surface charge, colloidal stability, and core-shell composition) and environmental conditions (pH, ionic strength, organic and inorganic colloids, temperature, etc.) are the most important parameters which regulated the ENPs environmental transformations. Meanwhile, in the environment, organisms encountered multiple transformed ENPs rather than the pristine nanomaterials due to their interactions with various environmental materials and other pollutants. Thus it is the utmost importance to study the behavior of transformed ENPs to understand their environmental fate, bioavailability, and mode of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qumber Abbas
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Balal Yousaf
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba Munir
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Bld#5, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Li D, Ji J, Yuan Y, Wang D. Toxicity comparison of nanopolystyrene with three metal oxide nanoparticles in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125625. [PMID: 31855754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model, we compared the toxicity between nanopolystyrene and three metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (Al2O3-NPs, TiO2-NPs, and SiO2-NPs). After exposure from L1-larvae to adult day-1, nanopolystyrene (100 μg/L) reduced brood size and induced severe germline apoptosis, and nanopolystyrene (10-100 μg/L) decreased locomotion behavior, induced obvious reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and activated noticeable mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR). Using several endpoints (lethality, development, reproduction, and/or locomotion behavior), we found that nanopolystyrene could induce more severe toxicity than SiO2-NPs, although nanopolystyrene did not cause the toxicity comparable to that in Al2O3-NPs or TiO2-NPs exposed nematodes. Our data will be useful for understanding the exposure risk of nanopolystyrene on environmental organisms. Moreover, the detected toxicity difference between nanopolystyrene and three metal oxide NPs were associated with the differences in both induction of oxidative stress and activation of mt UPR in exposed nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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21
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Zhang W, Ning B, Sun C, Song K, Xu X, Fang T, Yao L. Dynamic nano-Ag colloids cytotoxicity to and accumulation by Escherichia coli: Effects of Fe 3+, ionic strength and humic acid. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 89:180-193. [PMID: 31892390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Released Ag ions or/and Ag particles are believed to contribute to the cytotoxicity of Ag nanomaterials, and thus, the cytotoxicity and mechanism of Ag nanomaterials should be dynamic in water due to unfixed Ag particle:Ag+ ratios. Our recent research found that the cytotoxicity of PVP-Ag nanoparticles is attributable to Ag particles alone in 3 hr bioassays, and shifts to both Ag particles and released Ag+ in 48 hr bioassays. Herein, as a continued study, the cytotoxicity and accumulation of 50 and 100 nm Ag colloids in Escherichia coli were determined dynamically. The cytotoxicity and mechanisms of nano-Ag colloids are dynamic throughout exposure and are derived from both Ag ions and particles. Ag accumulation by E. coli is derived mainly from extracellular Ag particles during the initial 12 hr of exposure, and thereafter mainly from intracellular Ag ions. Fe3+ accelerates the oxidative dissolution of nano-Ag colloids, which results in decreasing amounts of Ag particles and particle-related toxicity. Na+ stabilizes nano-Ag colloids, thereby decreasing the bioavailability of Ag particles and particle-related toxicity. Humic acid (HA) binds Ag+ to form Ag+-HA, decreasing ion-related toxicity and binding to the E. coli surface, decreasing particle-related toxicity. HA in complex conditions showed a stronger relative contribution to toxicity and accumulation than Na+ or Fe3+. The results highlighted the cytotoxicity and mechanism of nano-Ag colloids are dynamic and affected by environmental factors, and therefore exposure duration and water chemistry should be seriously considered in environmental and health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Bingyu Ning
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Ke Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China.
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Qu M, Wang D. Toxicity comparison between pristine and sulfonate modified nanopolystyrene particles in affecting locomotion behavior, sensory perception, and neuronal development in Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134817. [PMID: 31715464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonate modified polystyrene is potentially used in medical application; however, the effect of sulfonate modification on polystyrene toxicity is still largely unclear. We here compared the neurotoxicity between pristine and sulfonate modified nanopolystyrene particles in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure to nanopolystyrene (35 nm) caused neurotoxicity on locomotion behaviors (head thrash, body bend, forward movement, and backward movement) and sensory perception behaviors (chemotaxis to NaCl or diacetyl). Exposure to nanopolystyrene also induced the damage on development of dopaminergic neurons as reflected by relative fluorescence intensity, number of discontinuous dendrite, and number of abnormal cell body. Moreover, we found that sulfonate modification effectively enhanced the neurontoxicity of nanopolystyrene on locomotion behaviors, sensory perception behaviors, and development of dopaminergic neurons. Our results highlight the possibility of sulfonate modification in increasing neurotoxicity of nanopolystyrene exposure on environmental organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Zhao Y, Li D, Rui Q, Wang D. Toxicity induction of nanopolystyrene under microgravity stress condition in Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135623. [PMID: 31761353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful animal model for assessing adverse effects of environmental toxicants or stresses. C. elegans was used as an assay system to investigate the effects of exposure to nanopolystyrene (30 nm) on wild-type and sod-3 mutant animals under microgravity stress condition. Using brood size and locomotion behaviors as endpoints, we found that nanopolystyrene exposure enhanced the toxicity of microgravity stress on nematodes, and this toxicity enhancement could be further strengthened by mutation of sod-3 encoding a Mn-SOD protein. Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activation of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR) were associated with this toxicity enhancement. In sod-3 mutant nematodes, the enhancement in toxicity of microgravity stress by exposure to nanopolystyrene (10 μg/L) was detected. Our data will be helpful for understanding the potential effects of nanopolystyrene exposure on nematodes under the microgravity stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi Rui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Zorraquín-Peña I, Cueva C, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Silver Nanoparticles against Foodborne Bacteria. Effects at Intestinal Level and Health Limitations. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E132. [PMID: 31963508 PMCID: PMC7022296 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are one of the factors that endanger the health of consumers, especially in people at risk of exclusion and in developing countries. The continuing search for effective antimicrobials to be used in the food industry has resulted in the emergence of nanotechnology in this area. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are the nanomaterial with the best antimicrobial activity and therefore, with great potential of application in food processing and packing. However, possible health effects must be properly addressed to ensure food safety. This review presents a detailed description on the main applications of Ag-NPs as antimicrobial agents for food control, as well as the current legislation concerning these materials. Current knowledge about the impact of the dietary exposure to Ag-NPs in human health with special emphasis on the changes that nanoparticles undergo after passing through the gastrointestinal tract and how they alter the oral and gut microbiota, is also summarized. It is concluded that given their potential and wide properties against foodborne pathogens, research in Ag-NPs is of great interest but is not exempt from difficulties that must be resolved in order to certify the safety of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.Z.-P.); (C.C.); (B.B.)
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Adverse effects of nanosilver on human health and the environment. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:145-159. [PMID: 31125729 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit antimicrobial properties against some bacteria, fungi and viruses, however, the ever-increasing application of nanosilver in consumer products, water disinfection and healthcare settings, have raised concerns over the public health/environmental safety of this nanomaterial. The current ubiquity of nanosilver may result in repeated exposure through various routes (skin, inhalation, or ingestion) which may lead to health complications. While there are a number of review articles and case studies published to date on the subject, an updated coherent review that clearly delineates thresholds and safe doses is lacking. Thus, it is plausible to have an overview of the most recent findings on the threshold limits, safe doses of silver and its related nanoscale forms, and the needed actions to ensure the safety and health of human, terrestrial and aquatic lives. This review provides an account of the effects of nanosilver in our daily lives. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscripts is a review of the toxicity of nanosized silver. With respect to the existing literature, it goes beyond stating that there is a knowledge gap, drawing the attention of a wider readership to the ever-growing evidence of nanosilver toxicity to human and nature, and outlining the dose thresholds based on comprehensive data mining and visualisation. There are nearly 500 consumer products that claim to contain nanosilver. Thus, we trust a review of recent conclusive findings is timely. This manuscript is in line with the scope of the Journal, enabling a better understanding of the biological response to a widely-used bionanomaterial. Moreover, it provides a bigger picture of the link between surface properties and biocompatibility of nanosilver in different forms.
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Cinteza LO, Scomoroscenco C, Voicu SN, Nistor CL, Nitu SG, Trica B, Jecu ML, Petcu C. Chitosan-Stabilized Ag Nanoparticles with Superior Biocompatibility and Their Synergistic Antibacterial Effect in Mixtures with Essential Oils. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8100826. [PMID: 30322127 PMCID: PMC6215195 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered a promising alternative to the use of antibiotics in fighting multidrug-resistant pathogens. However, their use in medical application is hindered by the public concern regarding the toxicity of metallic nanoparticles. In this study, rationally designed AgNP were produced, in order to balance the antibacterial activity and toxicity. A facile, environmentally friendly synthesis was used for the electrochemical fabrication of AgNPs. Chitosan was employed as the capping agent, both for the stabilization and to improve the biocompatibility. Size, morphology, composition, capping layer, and stability of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized. The in vitro biocompatibility and antimicrobial activities of AgNPs against common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were evaluated. The results revealed that chitosan-stabilized AgNPs were nontoxic to normal fibroblasts, even at high concentrations, compared to bare nanoparticles, while significant antibacterial activity was recorded. The silver colloidal dispersion was further mixed with essential oils (EO) to increase the biological activity. Synergistic effects at some AgNP–EO ratios were observed, as demonstrated by the fractionary inhibitory concentration values. Our results reveal that the synergistic action of both polymer-stabilized AgNPs and essential oils could provide a significant efficiency against a large variety of microorganisms, with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sorina Nicoleta Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 030018, Romania.
| | - Cristina Lavinia Nistor
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Sabina Georgiana Nitu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Trica
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Maria-Luiza Jecu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Cristian Petcu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
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