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Nga DDY, Nhung VH, Nhan NT, Hien TT. Study on the concentration, composition, and recovery rate of bacterial bioaerosols after rainfall in Ho Chi Minh City. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:295. [PMID: 38383896 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Aerosolized microorganisms have become an important factor in assessing air quality. To determine the characteristics of bacterial bioaerosols in air and rainwater, as well as calculate the recovery rate of bacteria after rains in Ho Chi Minh City, our study was performed using the SKC Biostage sampler for airborne bacteria and Plate Count Agar (PCA) medium for bacterial concentration. Subsequently, the study determined the bacterial community composition at the phylum and order levels using the 16S rRNA (16S metabarcoding) method. Before the rain, bacterial concentrations in the air ranged from 263.39 ± 21.00 to 277.39 ± 78.99 CFU/m3, and in rainwater 264.89 ± 51.17 to 285.72 ± 28.00 CFU/m3. Following rains, the bacterial concentrations decreased to their lowest levels within the first 1-2 h and gradually increased thereafter, reaching their peak after 9 h for heavy rain and after 12 h for light and moderate rains. The bacterial bioaerosols recovery rate was determined to be 100% for light and moderate rains and 94.6% for heavy rain. The change in bacterial concentration after rainfall showed a positive correlation with temperature (r = 0.85) and CO2 concentration (r = 0.70) and a negative correlation with relative humidity (r = - 0.79). Bacterial composition analysis revealed that the Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria phyla were dominant and characteristic of the humid tropical climate in Vietnam. Notably, Firmicutes were the most prevalent phylum both before and after rains. The increased prevalence of certain bacterial orders, particularly Staphylococcus, could contribute to the spread of pathogens, particularly foodborne pathogens. In addition to rain, relative humidity contributed to reducing bacterial bioaerosols concentration and their recovery rate after the rain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Diep Yen Nga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Science, VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Vuong Hong Nhung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Science, VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tri Nhan
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - To Thi Hien
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Science, VNUHCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Vishwakarma YK, Gogoi MM, Babu SNS, Singh RS. How dominant the load of bioaerosols in PM 2.5 and PM 10: a comprehensive study in the IGP during winter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112277-112289. [PMID: 37828262 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29931-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The winter period is most ideal for studying near-surface aerosols in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India, since this period is inundated with significantly higher concentrations of aerosols across the unique geographical domain because of shallow atmospheric boundary layer. This study focuses on analysing the concentration of the biotic component of aerosols (bioaerosols) in a central location of the IGP and estimating their dominance in ambient particulate matter (PM) from 2021 to 2023. Observations showed that bioaerosol concentrations also increased significantly with the increasing concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, suggesting that bioaerosols are a dominant component of the total aerosol load in the atmosphere. The total microbe's concentration (collectively fungi and bacteria) was found to be 94 to 226 cfu m-3 in PM2.5 and 167 to 375 cfu m-3 in PM10 where bacteria contributed 81.12 and 79.99%, respectively. The contribution of fungal spores in PM2.5 and PM10 remained as 18.88 and 20.01%, respectively, in the total microbes in the respective particulate matter. In the bioaerosols, fungi, namely Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium, were dominant, and bacteria, namely E. coli, Mammaliicoccus and Enterobacter, were prevalent in both the PM size regimes. The most prominent microbial presence was observed when the temperature ranged between 16 and 20°C and relative humidity between 80 and 85%. The outcomes of the present study will be useful for further research on the health effect of the bioaerosols in the IGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Mukunda Madhab Gogoi
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Trivandrum, 695 022, India
| | - Surendran Nair Suresh Babu
- Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Trivandrum, 695 022, India
| | - Ram Sharan Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Sajjad B, Hussain S, Rasool K, Hassan M, Almomani F. Comprehensive insights into advances in ambient bioaerosols sampling, analysis and factors influencing bioaerosols composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122473. [PMID: 37659632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
While the study of bioaerosols has a long history, it has garnered heightened interest in the past few years, focusing on both culture-dependent and independent sampling and analysis approaches. Observations have been made regarding the seasonal fluctuations in microbial communities and their connection to particular ambient atmospheric factors. The study of airborne microbial communities is important in public health and atmospheric processes. Nevertheless, the establishment of standardized protocols for evaluating airborne microbial communities and utilizing microbial taxonomy as a means to identify distinct bioaerosols sources and seasonal patterns remains relatively unexplored. This article discusses the challenges and limitations of ambient bioaerosols sampling and analysis, including the lack of standardized methods and the heterogeneity of sources. Future prospects in the field of bioaerosols, including the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies, omics studies, spectroscopy and fluorescence-based monitoring to provide comprehensive incite on metabolic capacity, and activity are also presented. Furthermore, the review highlights the factors that affect bioaerosols composition, including seasonality, atmospheric conditions, and pollution levels. Overall, this review provides a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders interested in understanding and managing bioaerosols in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Sajjad
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar; Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Li Z, Lu J, Tong Y, Li S, He F. Differences in microbial community composition and factors affecting different particulate matter during autumn in three cities of Xinjiang, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161275. [PMID: 36587705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has become an issue of increasing concern in China, owing to the country's rapid economic development. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is known to be an important parameter in air quality monitoring; further, bioaerosol forms a crucial component of PM. As the climatic environments in the north and south of Xinjiang, China, are significantly different, here, atmospheric PM samples collected from three cities, Shihezi, Yining, and Tumushuk, located in different directions, were analysed for a better understanding of the spatial distribution patterns of microbial community composition of Xinjiang. The16s rDNA and 18 s rDNA were used to locate bacteria and fungi in PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulate matter (TSP) at the species level and genus level, and the microbial communities with the top 15 abundances were selected for analysis. The reports indicate that the most abundant group in Shihezi and Yining was Cenchrus_americanus, which belongs to Proteobacteria. The remaining 14 dominant species had their own distribution pattern in each city. The most dominant strain in Tumushuk was Bacillus_taeanensis, but this strain was not detected in Yining and Shihezi. Similarly, the most predominant fungus in Tumushuk (Microdorylaimus_miser under Myriophyllum) was not detected in the other two cities. The analysis of the effect of environmental impact factors on bacteria and fungi revealed that the impact factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed had a greater effect on microorganisms, while O3 had a negative correlation with most microorganisms, owing to its toxicity. Overall, the results of this study show that short-range transported air masses have a greater impact on local pollutants and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Yanbin Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Shanman Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Feifei He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang 832003, China
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Nie C, Geng X, Ouyang H, Wang L, Li Z, Wang M, Sun X, Wu Y, Qin Y, Xu Y, Tang X, Chen J. Abundant bacteria and fungi attached to airborne particulates in vegetable plastic greenhouses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159507. [PMID: 36257421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of modern vegetable plastic greenhouses (VPGS) supplies more and more vegetables for food all over the world. The airborne bacteria and fungi induce more exposure opportunities for workers toiling in confined plastic greenhouses. Culture-independent approaches by qPCR and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to study the airborne particulates microbiota in typic VPGS in Shandong, a large base of vegetables in China. The result revealed the mean airborne bacteria concentrations reached 1.67 × 103 cells/m3 (PM2.5) and 2.38 × 103 cells/m3 (PM10), and the mean airborne fungal concentrations achieved 1.49 × 102 cells/m3 (PM2.5) and 3.19 × 102 cells/m3 (PM10) in VPGS. The predominant bacteria in VPGS included Ralstonia, Alcanivorax, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter. Botrytis, Alternaria, Fusarium, Sporobolomyces, and Cladosporium were frequently detected fungal genera in VPGS. A higher Chao1 of bacteria in PM10 was significantly different from PM2.5 in VPGS. The potential pathogens in VPGS include Raltonia picketti, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Bacillus anthracis, Botrytis cinerea, and Cladosporium sphaerospermum. The network analysis indicated that airborne microbiota was associated with soil microbiota which was affected by anthropologic activities. The predicted gene functions revealed that bacterial function mainly involved metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, and fungal trophic mode dominated by Pathotroph-Saprotroph in VPGS. These findings unveiled airborne microbiomes in VPGS so that a strategy for improving air quality can be applied to safeguard health and vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Nie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xueyun Geng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huiling Ouyang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zongzhen Li
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yunhan Qin
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Youxin Xu
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xu Tang
- IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 200062, China.
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Wei J, Ren A, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Chu N, Ma Y, Du J, Cui L, Zhou C. Quantifying the effects of cold waves on carbon monoxide poisoning: A time-stratified case-crossover study in Jinan, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1050256. [PMID: 37143979 PMCID: PMC10152301 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occurs mostly in winter and is associated with severe cold weather (e.g., ice storms, temperature drops). However, according to previous studies, the impact of low temperature on health has a delayed effect, and the existing research cannot fully reveal the delayed effect of cold waves on CO poisoning. Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal distribution of CO poisoning in Jinan and to explore the acute effect of cold waves on CO poisoning. Methods We collected emergency call data for CO poisoning in Jinan from 2013 to 2020 and used a time-stratified case-crossover design combined with a conditional logistic regression model to evaluate the impact of the cold wave day and lag 0-8 days on CO poisoning. In addition, 10 definitions of a cold wave were considered to evaluate the impact of different temperature thresholds and durations. Results During the study period, a total of 1,387 cases of CO poisoning in Jinan used the emergency call system, and more than 85% occurred in cold months. Our findings suggest that cold waves are associated with an increased risk of CO poisoning in Jinan. When P01, P05, and P10 (P01, P05, and P10 refer to the 1st, 5th, and 10th percentiles of the lowest temperature, respectively) were used as temperature thresholds for cold waves, the most significant effects (the maximum OR value, which refers to the risk of CO poisoning on cold wave days compared to other days) were 2.53 (95% CI:1.54, 4.16), 2.06 (95% CI:1.57, 2.7), and 1.49 (95% CI:1.27, 1.74), respectively. Conclusion Cold waves are associated with an increased risk of CO poisoning, and the risk increases with lower temperature thresholds and longer cold wave durations. Cold wave warnings should be issued and corresponding protective policies should be formulated to reduce the potential risk of CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Wei
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aifeng Ren
- Jinan Medical Emergency Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Nan Chu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jipei Du
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liangliang Cui
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Liangliang Cui,
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chengchao Zhou,
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Long-Term Studies of Biological Components of Atmospheric Aerosol: Trends and Variability. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Biological components of atmospheric aerosol affect the quality of atmospheric air. Long-term trends in changes of the concentrations of total protein (a universal marker of the biogenic component of atmospheric aerosol) and culturable microorganisms in the air are studied. Methods: Atmospheric air samples are taken at two locations in the south of Western Siberia and during airborne sounding of the atmosphere. Sample analysis is carried out in the laboratory using standard culture methods (culturable microorganisms) and the fluorescence method (total protein). Results: Negative trends in the average annual concentration of total protein and culturable microorganisms in the air are revealed over more than 20 years of observations. For the concentration of total protein and culturable microorganisms in the air, intra-annual dynamics is revealed. The ratio of the maximum and minimum values of these concentrations reaches an order of magnitude. The variability of concentrations does not exceed, as a rule, two times for total protein and three times for culturable microorganisms. At the same time, for the data obtained in the course of airborne sounding of the atmosphere, a high temporal stability of the vertical profiles of the studied concentrations was found. The detected biodiversity of culturable microorganisms in atmospheric air samples demonstrates a very high variability at all observation sites. Conclusions: The revealed long-term changes in the biological components of atmospheric aerosol result in a decrease in their contribution to the atmospheric air quality index.
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Wang Q, Hou Z, Li L, Guo S, Liang H, Li M, Luo H, Wang L, Luo Y, Ren H. Seasonal disparities and source tracking of airborne antibiotic resistance genes in Handan, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126844. [PMID: 34399210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of airborne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) loaded on particle is a significant global public health concern. Up to date, the dispersal pattern of airborne ARGs remains unclear despite their critical role in multiregional transmission. In this study, airborne ARGs loaded on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and source tracking based on the airflow trajectories were performed by the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) model. The results show that the absolute abundance of ARG subtypes were generally twice times higher in the winter season than that in the summer season, which could be attributable to winter haze events with high particulate matter concentrations in Handan. Exogenous input from serious haze events and local release of ARGs loaded on PM2.5 of air masses may cause higher levels of ARGs in the winter. Moreover, based on the positive correlation between the abundance of ARGs and PM2.5 concentration, a source tracing model of airborne ARGs was proposed to the estimate of ARGs release and dissemination. This study highlights airborne ARGs transmission loaded on PM2.5 of air masses, which facilitating the global spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zelin Hou
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Linyun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shaoyue Guo
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Haiyin Liang
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Menghan Li
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Huixiao Luo
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Litao Wang
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Air Pollution Cause and Impact, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Kováts N, Hubai K, Sainnokhoi TA, Hoffer A, Teke G. Ecotoxicity testing of airborne particulate matter-comparison of sample preparation techniques for the Vibrio fischeri assay. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4367-4378. [PMID: 33864174 PMCID: PMC8528798 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bioassay based on the bioluminescence inhibition of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri has been the most widely used test for the assessment of airborne particulate matter ecotoxicity. Most studies available use an extract of the solid sample, either made with water or organic solvents. As an alternative, a whole-aerosol test is also available where test bacteria are in actual contact with contaminated particles. In our study, different extraction procedures were compared to this direct contact test based on the V. fischeri assay and analytical measurements. The lowest PAH content and the highest EC50 were determined in water extract, while the highest PAH amount and lowest EC50 were measured in dichloromethane, hexane, and dimethyl-sulphoxide extracts. EC50 of the direct contact test was comparable to that of the methanol extract. Our results suggest that the sensitivity of the direct contact test equals to that of extraction procedures using organic solvents, moreover, it is mimicking an environmentally realistic exposure route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Kováts
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Hubai
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Tsend-Ayush Sainnokhoi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Khan-Uul District, Zaisan, Ulaanbaatar, 17042, Mongolia
| | - András Hoffer
- MTA-PE Air Chemistry Research Group, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Gábor Teke
- ELGOSCAR-2000 Environmental Technology and Water Management Ltd., Balatonfuzfo, 8184, Hungary
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10
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Galbán S, Justel A, González S, Quesada A. Local meteorological conditions, shape and desiccation influence dispersal capabilities for airborne microorganisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146653. [PMID: 34030336 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The atmosphere plays an important role in the dispersal of microorganisms, as well as in the connectivity of most of the planet's ecosystems. In recent decades, interest in microbial diversity and dispersion in the atmosphere has increased due to its importance in various fields. However, there are few studies on the abundance of airborne microorganisms and the factors, such as meteorology, that affect their distribution. Likewise, the physical-mathematical models attempting to reproduce their possible origins also require integrating some biological features. We collected airborne microorganisms under different meteorological conditions at a sampling station over a 12-day period to expand the knowledge about abundance of airborne microorganisms, their relationship with atmospheric conditions and their possible origins with a biological perspective. Total abundance and size distribution of microorganisms were measured in all samples using epifluorescence techniques. Their possible origins were estimated using refined mathematical simulation models of the air masses back-trajectories considering dry deposition. Our results showed microbial abundance values similar to those found in temperate regions over land surface. In our contribution we report a clear relationship between the abundance and, considered as a whole, local meteorological conditions. Despite most of the captured particles were small spherical microorganisms (diameter < 20 μm), large filamentous microorganisms, surprisingly up to 400 μm, were also found. We demonstrate the possibility that these large microorganisms can have their origin at long distances, showing thus probability of remarkable long dispersal, without ruling out a nearby origin, when their equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) and drying capacity are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Galbán
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Justel
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi González
- Antarctic Group, Meteorology State Agency (AEMET), 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Shen F, Yang Y, Wang M, Zhang G, Deng T, Lai S. Characterization of fungal aerosol in a landfill and an incineration plants in Guangzhou, Southern China: The link to potential impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142908. [PMID: 33139008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To understand the characteristics and potential impacts of fungal aerosols in waste disposal treatments, we performed observations at a landfill and an incineration plants in Guangzhou, Southern China. Size-segregated airborne fungal concentrations were measured based on culture-dependent method, and fungal compositions in PM2.5 were obtained using high-throughput sequencing method. Concentrations of airborne fungi varied from 376 to 9318 CFU/m3 in the landfill plant and from 53 to 8491 CFU/m3 in the incineration plant, respectively. The temporal and spatial variations of fungal aerosols indicate that waste disposal operation, garbage transport, air mixing, and meteorological factors can significantly influence the variations of airborne fungi in the outdoor environment in both plants. Among the meteorological factors, light/moderate rain could significantly increase the airborne fungal concentrations while heavy rain could decrease the concentrations due to wet scavenge. We observed that culturable fungal aerosols predominantly resided in the size range of 2.1-3.3 μm. Different fungal community structures in PM2.5 were found between the landfill and the incineration plants, suggesting the influence of different waste sorts and treatment procedures. We further identified the pathogenic/allergenic fungal taxa (e.g., Alternaria, Epicoccum sp. and Stachybotrys sp.) in the two plants, implying the potential human health risks with long-term exposure for on-site workers and surrounding residents. The fungal genera producing microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs, e.g., Cladosporium, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. and Candida) were found in both plants. These MVOCs generation related fungal genera could contribute to the odor in the plants and, more importantly, affect the downwind area after aerosolization and transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Yang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Meijuan Wang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangyang Zhang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Senchao Lai
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Xie W, Li Y, Bai W, Hou J, Ma T, Zeng X, Zhang L, An T. The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 15:44. [PMID: 33589868 PMCID: PMC7876263 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-020-1336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent pandemic outbreak of the corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised widespread concerns about the importance of the bioaerosols. They are atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origins, mainly including bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen, and cell debris. Bioaerosols can exert a substantial impact on ecosystems, climate change, air quality, and public health. Here, we review several relevant topics on bioaerosols, including sampling and detection techniques, characterization, effects on health and air quality, and control methods. However, very few studies have focused on the source apportionment and transport of bioaerosols. The knowledge of the sources and transport pathways of bioaerosols is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the role microorganisms play in the atmosphere and control the spread of epidemic diseases associated with them. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the up to date progress on the source characteristics, source identification, and diffusion and transport process of bioaerosols. We intercompare three types of diffusion and transport models, with a special emphasis on a widely used mathematical model. This review also highlights the main factors affecting the source emission and transport process, such as biogeographic regions, land-use types, and environmental factors. Finally, this review outlines future perspectives on bioaerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xie
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region (Ministry of Education), Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Wenyan Bai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Junli Hou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Tianfeng Ma
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Xuelin Zeng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054 China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region (Ministry of Education), Chang’an University, Xi’an, 710054 China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environment Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006 China
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Karimi H, Nikaeen M, Gholipour S, Hatamzadeh M, Hassanzadeh A, Hajizadeh Y. PM 2.5-associated bacteria in ambient air: Is PM 2.5 exposure associated with the acquisition of community-acquired staphylococcal infections? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1007-1013. [PMID: 33312619 PMCID: PMC7721920 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), a major component of air pollution, is an important carrier medium of various chemical and microbial compounds. Air pollution due to PM could increase the level of bacteria and associated adverse health effects. Staphylococci as important opportunistic pathogens that cause hospital- and community-acquired infections may transmit through air. This study aimed to obtain knowledge about the concentration of airborne bacteria as well as staphylococci associated with particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) in ambient air. The impact of meteorological factors including ultraviolet (UV) index, wind speed, temperature, and moisture on microbial concentrations was also investigated. Quartz filters were used to collect PM2.5 and associated bacteria in ambient air of a semiarid area. Airborne bacteria were quantified by culture method and Staphylococcus species identified by molecular methods. The mean (SD) concentration of PM2.5 and airborne bacteria was 64.83 (24.87) µg/m3 and 38 (36) colony forming unit (CFU)/m3, respectively. The results showed no significant correlation between the levels of PM2.5 and concentrations of bacteria (p < 0.05). Staphylococcus species were detected in 8 of 37 (22%) samples in a concentration from 3 to 213 CFU/m3. S. epidermidis was detected with the highest frequency followed by S. gallinarum and S. hominis, but S. aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were not detected. No significant correlation between the concentrations of bacteria with meteorological parameters was observed (p < 0.05). Our finding showed that, although the study area is sometimes subject to air pollution from PM2.5, the concentration of PM2.5- associated bacteria is relatively low. According to the results, PM2.5 may not be a source of community-associated staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Karimi
- Student Research Committee and Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Nikaeen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Gholipour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Hatamzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ruiz-Gil T, Acuña JJ, Fujiyoshi S, Tanaka D, Noda J, Maruyama F, Jorquera MA. Airborne bacterial communities of outdoor environments and their associated influencing factors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106156. [PMID: 33039877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial entities (such bacteria, fungi, archaea and viruses) within outdoor aerosols have been scarcely studied compared with indoor aerosols and nonbiological components, and only during the last few decades have their studies increased. Bacteria represent an important part of the microbial abundance and diversity in a wide variety of rural and urban outdoor bioaerosols. Currently, airborne bacterial communities are mainly sampled in two aerosol size fractions (2.5 and 10 µm) and characterized by culture-dependent (plate-counting) and culture-independent (DNA sequencing) approaches. Studies have revealed a large diversity of bacteria in bioaerosols, highlighting Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes as ubiquitous phyla. Seasonal variations in and dispersion of bacterial communities have also been observed between geographical locations as has their correlation with specific atmospheric factors. Several investigations have also suggested the relevance of airborne bacteria in the public health and agriculture sectors as well as remediation and atmospheric processes. However, although factors influencing airborne bacterial communities and standardized procedures for their assessment have recently been proposed, the use of bacterial taxa as microbial indicators of specific bioaerosol sources and seasonality have not been broadly explored. Thus, in this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the study of airborne bacterial communities in outdoor environments and the possible factors influencing their abundance, diversity, and seasonal variation. Furthermore, airborne bacterial activity and bioprospecting in different fields (e.g., the textile industry, the food industry, medicine, and bioremediation) are discussed. We expect that this review will reveal the relevance and influencing factors of airborne bacteria in outdoor environments as well as stimulate new investigations on the atmospheric microbiome, particularly in areas where air quality is a public concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tay Ruiz-Gil
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jacquelinne J Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - So Fujiyoshi
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Microbial Genomics and Ecology, Office of Industry-Academia-Government and Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jun Noda
- Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan; Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Microbial Genomics and Ecology, Office of Industry-Academia-Government and Community Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Japan.
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Park EH, Heo J, Kim H, Yi SM. The major chemical constituents of PM 2.5 and airborne bacterial community phyla in Beijing, Seoul, and Nagasaki. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126870. [PMID: 32353811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particle (PM2.5) samples were collected in three East Asian cities (Beijing, China; Seoul, South Korea; Nagasaki, Japan) from December 2014 to November 2015 to quantitatively investigate airborne bacteria at the phylum level. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria represented the top five airborne bacterial phyla in all three cities. The most dominant airborne phylum, Proteobacteria, was more prevalent during the winter (at rates of 67.2%, 79.9%, and 87.0% for Beijing, Seoul, and Nagasaki, respectively). Correlations among airborne bacteria and environmental factors including PM2.5, its major chemical constituents, and meteorological factors were calculated. Temperature correlated negatively with Proteobacteria but positively with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The abundance of Cyanobacteria correlated positively with particulate NO3- and SO42- levels in Beijing (R = 0.46 and R = 0.35 for NO3- and SO42-, respectively) but negatively in Seoul (R = -0.14 and R = -0.19 for NO3- and SO42-, respectively) and Nagasaki (R = -0.05 and R = -0.03 for NO3- and SO42-, respectively). Backward trajectory analysis was applied for 72 h and three clusters were classified in each city. Five dominant bacteria and other bacterial groups showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in local clustering, as compared to the long-range transport clusters from Beijing. The proportions of the five bacterial phyla in Seoul were significantly different in each cluster. A local cluster in Nagasaki had higher ratios of all major airborne bacterial phyla, except Proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ha Park
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 10087, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbae Heo
- Busan Developmet Institute, 955 Jungangdae-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47210, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Muk Yi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Wei M, Li M, Xu C, Xu P, Liu H. Pollution characteristics of bioaerosols in PM 2.5 during the winter heating season in a coastal city of northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27750-27761. [PMID: 32399880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Frequent heavy air pollution occurred during the winter heating season of northern China. In this study, PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) was collected from a coastal city of China during the winter heating season from January 1 to March 31, 2018, and the soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), bacterial, endotoxin, and fungal concentration in PM2.5 were analyzed. During the winter heating season, PM2.5 and bioaerosols increased on polluted days, and the secondary inorganic ions, including NO3-, NH4+, and SO42-, increased significantly. Meteorological factors, such as wind direction and wind speed, had major impacts on the distributions of PM2.5 and bioaerosols. Pollutant concentration was high when there was a westerly wind with the speed of 3-6 m/s from inland area. Using the air mass backward trajectories and principal component analysis, we elucidate the potential origins of bioaerosol in PM2.5. The backward trajectory suggested that air mass for polluted samples (PM2.5 > 75 μg/m3) commonly originated from continent (9.62%), whereas air masses for clean samples (PM2.5 < 35 μg/m3) were mainly from marine (56.73%). The interregional transport of pollutants from continental area contributed most to PM2.5. Principal component analysis of the water-soluble ions and bioaerosol indicated that air pollution of the coastal city was greatly affected by coal combustion, biomass burning, and regional transmission of high-intensity pollutants from continent. Among that, interregional transport, biomass burning, and dust from soil and plants were main sources of bioaerosol. Our findings provide important insights into the origins and characteristics of bioaerosol in PM2.5 during the winter heating season of the coastal city in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Mingyan Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Caihong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Pengju Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Houfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Center for Environmental Technology and Policy Research, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Wei M, Liu H, Chen J, Xu C, Li J, Xu P, Sun Z. Effects of aerosol pollution on PM 2.5-associated bacteria in typical inland and coastal cities of northern China during the winter heating season. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114188. [PMID: 32126435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Frequent heavy aerosol pollution occurs during the winter heating season in northern China. Here, we characterized the airborne bacterial community structure and concentration, during typical pollution episodes that occurred during the winter heating season of 2017-2018 in Jinan and Weihai. During this heating season, five and four heavy pollution episodes were observed in Jinan and Weihai, respectively. Compared with December and January, pollution episodes in March were significantly affected by sand dust events. Higher Bacillales were identified in the March samples from Jinan, indicating that sand dust influences bacterial communities. During similar pollution episodes, air pollution in the coastal city of Weihai was lower than the inland city of Jinan. The predominant bacteria included Staphylococcus, Cyanobacteria, Lactobacillus, Deinococcus, Enbydrobacter, Ralstonia, Bacillus, Comamonas, and Sphingomonas. These predominant bacteria are mainly from Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla. Bacterial concentration showed significant variation with increased airborne pollutants. The highest concentration appeared during moderate pollution (up to 106 cells/m3), whereas bacterial concentration decreased during heavy and severe pollution (105 cells/m3), which may be related to toxic effects of high pollutant concentrations during heavy or severe pollution. Community structure variation indicated that Cyanobacterial genera were dominant in clean or slight pollution. With increased PM2.5, Staphylococcus increased and became the most abundant bacteria in moderate pollution (up to 40%). During heavy or severe pollution, bacteria that are adaptable to harsh or extreme environments predominate, such as Deinococcus and Bacillus. In the assessment of health risks from air pollution, the bioaerosols risks must consider. Additionally, although most microbial genera are similar between the two cities, there are important differences associated with pollution level. During air pollution regulation in different regions with varied geographical and climatic conditions, bioaerosol pollution difference is an unignored factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Houfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China; Center for Environmental Technology and Policy Research, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Caihong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Pengju Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ziwen Sun
- Center for Environmental Technology and Policy Research, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
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18
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Li H, Wei X, Zhang X, Xu H, Zhao X, Zhou S, Huang S, Liu X. Establishment of a multiplex RT-PCR assay for identification of atmospheric virus contamination in pig farms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:358-364. [PMID: 31325880 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spread of pathogens in pig farms not only causes transfection of diseases to other pigs or even farmers working in the farms, but also induces pollution to the living atmospheric environment of the residents around the farm. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a rapid and simple monitoring method. In this study, full genome sequences of common viruses were analyzed in pig farms, in combination with the design of primers, optimization of the reaction parameters, so as to establish a multiplex RT-PCR assay for the identification of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus Type 2 (PCV-2), porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine parvovirus virus (PPV), which are common in pig farms. This method has a minimal detectable concentration of 10-3 ng/μL, which is highly specific. Furthermore, multiplex RT-PCR was applied to examine air samples from 4 pig farms located in different cities of China. The results were in line with those obtained by single PCR. Therefore, this study can be expected to provide essential technique support for the early warning mechanism as well as disease prevention and control system against the major viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China.
| | - Xiaobing Wei
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xingyou Liu
- Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, PR China
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Zhang S, Huo X, Zhang Y, Lu X, Xu C, Xu X. The association of PM 2.5 with airway innate antimicrobial activities of salivary agglutinin and surfactant protein D. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:915-923. [PMID: 31509921 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a prominent global public health risk factor that can cause respiratory infection by downregulating the amounts of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs). Both salivary agglutinin (SAG) and surfactant protein D (SPD) are important AMPs in respiratory mucosal fluid, providing protection against airway pathogen invasion and infection by inducing microbial aggregation and enhancing pathogen clearance. However, the relationship between PM2.5 and these AMPs is unclear. To better understand the relationship between PM2.5 and airway innate immune defenses, we review the respiratory antimicrobial activities of SAG and SPD, as well as the adverse effects of PM2.5 on airway innate antimicrobial defense. We speculate there exists a dual effect between PM2.5 and respiratory antimicrobial activity, which means that PM2.5 suppresses respiratory antimicrobial activity through downregulating airway AMPs, while airway AMPs accelerate PM2.5 clearance by inducing PM2.5 microbial aggregation. We propose further research on the relationship between PM2.5 and these AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Lu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Wei M, Xu C, Xu X, Zhu C, Li J, Lv G. Size distribution of bioaerosols from biomass burning emissions: Characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities in submicron (PM 1.0) and fine (PM 2.5) particles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:37-46. [PMID: 30594755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The North China Plain is the agricultural heartland in China. High PM2.5 levels and elevated chemical pollutants have been observed during crop harvest seasons due to open biomass burning. Biomass burning in the wheat-harvest season may significantly deteriorate the regional air quality. The harmful ingredients in smoke particles also have severe implications for toxicity and health effects. Previous studies have illustrated the potential role of bioaerosols as ice-nuclei and cloud condensation nuclei and highlighted their influence on biochemical cycles and human health effects. In a monthly field observation campaign of biomass burning conducted at the summit of Mount Tai in July 2015, we reported the composition, potential role, size distribution of microorganisms in particulate matters PM1.0, PM2.5, and estimated their contribution to particles. The wide-range particle spectrometer suggested that the predominant particles were distributed in submicron particles (PM1.0), which resulted in a similar community structure for bacteria and fungi in PM1.0 and PM2.5. Among bacteria, the predominant Pseudomonas accounted for 18.06% and 21.29% in PM1.0 and PM2.5, respectively. Alternaria covered up to 69.01% and 72.76% of the fungal community in PM1.0 and PM2.5, respectively. A disparity between bacterial communities was identified by the abundance of rare species, such as Bacilli being higher in PM1.0 (2.4%) than in PM2.5 (1.8%), and Defluviicoccus being higher in PM2.5 (2.5%) than in PM1.0 (0.5%), which may be related to cell size and cell growth patterns. Quantitative PCR revealed that microbial cell numbers in PM2.5 were higher than in PM1.0, and that the bacterial cell number was about an order of magnitude greater than the fungal cell number. However, the mass concentration and contribution of fungi to particulate matter was much higher than that of bacteria, suggesting the underestimated role of fungi in atmospheric aerosols. Airborne microorganisms in alpine areas remained less characterized. The findings presented here illustrated the potentially important impacts on air quality and bioaerosol pollution by biomass burning, which provides an essential reference for understanding the transmission and health effects of bioaerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, China; Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Caihong Xu
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Xianmang Xu
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Ganglin Lv
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
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21
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Xie J, Jin L, He T, Chen B, Luo X, Feng B, Huang W, Li J, Fu P, Li X. Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in PM 2.5 from China: Implications for Human Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:963-972. [PMID: 30525504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Airborne transmission is one of the environmental dissemination pathways of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and has critical implications for human exposure through inhalation. In this study, we focused on three regions of China to reveal some unique spatiotemporal features of airborne bacteria and ARGs in fine aerosols (PM2.5): (1) greater seasonal variations in the abundance of bacteria and ARGs in temperate urban Beijing than in the subtropical urban areas of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions, with regional disparities in bacterial communities; (2) geographical fingerprints of ARG profiles independent of seasonal cycles and land-use gradients within each region; (3) region-independent associations between the targeted ARGs and limited bacterial genera; (4) common correlations between ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) across regions; and (5) PM2.5 at the higher end of ARG enrichment across various environmental and human media. The spatiotemporally differentiated bacterial communities and ARG abundances, and the compositions, mobility, and potential hosts of ARGs in the atmosphere have strong implications for human inhalational exposure over spatiotemporal scales. By comparing other contributing pathways for the intake of ARGs (e.g., drinking water and food ingestion) in China and the U.S.A., we identified the region-specific importance of inhalation in China as well as country-specific exposure scenarios. Our study thus highlights the significance of inhalation as an integral part of the aggregate exposure pathways of environmentally disseminated ARGs, which, in turn, may help in the formulation of adaptive strategies to mitigate the exposure risks in China and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon , Hong Kong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon , Hong Kong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Tangtian He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon , Hong Kong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Baowei Chen
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Xiaosan Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology , Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044 , China
| | - Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Kowloon , Hong Kong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , China
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22
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PM 2.5-Bound Toxic Elements in an Urban City in East China: Concentrations, Sources, and Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16010164. [PMID: 30626168 PMCID: PMC6339068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of PM2.5-bound trace elements have increased in China, with increasing anthropogenic emissions. In this study, long-term measurements of PM2.5-bound trace elements were conducted from January 2014 to January 2015 in the urban city of Jinan, east China. A positive matrix factorization model (PMF) and health risk assessment were used to evaluate the sources and health risks of these elements, respectively. Compared with most Chinese megacities, there were higher levels of arsenic, manganese, lead, chromium, and zinc in this city. Coal combustion, the smelting industry, vehicle emission, and soil dust were identified as the primary sources of all the measured elements. Heating activities during the heating period led to a factor of 1.3–2.8 higher concentrations for PM2.5 and all measured elements than those during the non-heating period. Cumulative non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of the toxic elements exceeded the safety levels by 8–15 and 10–18 times, respectively. Arsenic was the critical element having the greatest health risk. Coal combustion caused the highest risk among the four sources. This work provides scientific data for making targeted policies to control air pollutants and protect human health.
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