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Huang L, Li X, Li Q, Wang Q, Zhao F, Liu W. Ammonia removal and simultaneous immobilization of manganese and magnesium from electrolytic manganese residue by a low-temperature CaO roasting process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11321-11333. [PMID: 38217813 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
A large amount of open-dumped electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) has posed a severe threat to the ecosystem and public health due to the leaching of ammonia (NH4+) and manganese (Mn). In this study, CaO addition coupled with low-temperature roasting was applied for the treatment of EMR. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, CaO-EMR mass ratio and solid-liquid ratio were investigated. The most cost-effective and practically viable condition was explored through response surface methodology. At a CaO: EMR ratio of 1:16.7, after roasting at 187 °C for 60 min, the leaching concentrations of NH4+ and Mn dropped to 10.18 mg/L and 1.05 mg/L, respectively, below their discharge standards. In addition, the magnesium hazard (MH) of EMR, which was often neglected, was studied. After treatment, the MH of the EMR leachate was reduced from 60 to 37. Mechanism analysis reveals that roasting can promote NH4+ to escape as NH3 and convert dihydrate gypsum to hemihydrate gypsum. Mn2+ and Mg2+ were mainly solidified as MnO2 and Mg(OH)2, respectively. This study proposes an efficient and low-cost approach for the treatment of EMR and provides valuable information for its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingrui Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiping Zhao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters (Ministry of Education), South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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2
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Li W, Jin H, Xie H, Wang D. Progress in comprehensive utilization of electrolytic manganese residue: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48837-48853. [PMID: 36884169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a solid waste produced in the process of electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) production. In recent years, the accumulation of EMR has caused increasingly serious environmental problems. To better understand the state of EMR recycling in recent years, this paper used a comprehensive literature database to conduct a statistical analysis of EMR-related publications from 2010 to 2022 from two perspectives: harmless green treatment and resource utilization. The results showed that the research on the comprehensive utilization of EMR mainly focused on the fields of chemical hazard-free treatment and manufacturing building materials. The related studies of EMR in the fields of biological harmlessness, applied electric field harmlessness, manganese series materials, adsorbents, geopolymers, glass-ceramics, catalysts, and agriculture were also reported. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to solve the EMR problem, hoping that this work could provide a reference for the clean disposal and efficient utilization of EMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Huixin Jin
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Hongyan Xie
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Duolun Wang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
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3
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Xu Q, Wu B. Recent Progress on Ex Situ Remediation Technology and Resource Utilization for Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediment. TOXICS 2023; 11:207. [PMID: 36976972 PMCID: PMC10051940 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sediment is an important part of aquatic systems, which plays a vital role in transporting and storing metals. Due to its abundance, persistence, and environmental toxicity, heavy metal pollution has always been one of the hot spots in the world. In this article, the state-of-art ex situ remediation technology for metal-contaminated sediments is elaborated, including sediment washing, electrokinetic remediation (EKR), chemical extraction, biological treatment, as well as encapsulating pollutants by adding some stabilized/solidified materials. Furthermore, the progress of sustainable resource utilization methods, such as ecosystem restoration, construction materials (e.g., materials fill materials, partition blocks, and paving blocks), and agriculture use are reviewed in detail. Finally, the pros and cons of each technique are summarized. This information will provide the scientific basis for selecting the appropriate remediation technology in a particular scenario.
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4
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Optimization of electroosmotic flow to enhance the removal of contaminants from low‑permeable soils. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-023-01845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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5
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Shu J, Zeng X, Sun D, Yang Y, Liu Z, Chen M, Tan D. Enhanced Mn2+ solidification and NH4+-N removal from electrolytic manganese metal residue via surfactants. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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He D, Luo Z, Zeng X, Chen Q, Zhao Z, Cao W, Shu J, Chen M. Electrolytic manganese residue disposal based on basic burning raw material: Heavy metals solidification/stabilization and long-term stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153774. [PMID: 35192822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is an option for the treatment of electrolytic manganese residue (EMR). Basic burning raw material (BRM) could successfully solidify/stabilize EMR, though heavy metals S/S mechanism and long-term stability remain unclear. Herein, Mn2+ and NH4+ S/S behavior, hydrated BRM and S/S EMR characterization, Mn2+ long-term leaching behavior, phase and morphology changes for long-term leaching were discussed in detail to clarify these mechanisms. Mn2+ and NH4+ leaching concentrations as well as pH value in S/S EMR were respectively 0.02 mg/L, 0.68 mg/L and 8.75, meeting the regulations of Chinese standard GB 8978-1996. Long-term stability of EMR was significantly enhanced after S/S. Mn2+ leaching concentration, Mn2+ migration, Mn2+ cumulative release, Mn2+ apparent diffusion coefficient and conductivity of EMR reduced to 0.05 mg/L, 5.5 × 10-6 mg/(m2·s), ~ 9 mg/m2, 6.30 × 10-15 m2/s and 435 μs/cm. Mechanism studies showed that the hydration of BRM forms OH-, calcium silicate hydrate gels (C-S-H) and ettringite. Therefore, during S/S process, NH4+ was escaped as NH3, Mn2+ was solidified/stabilized as tephroite (Mn2SiO4), johannsenite (CaMnSi2O6) and davreuxite (MnAl6Si4O17(OH)2), and Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ were solidified/stabilized by C-S-H and ettringite via substitution and encapsulation. This study provides a good choice for EMR long-term stable storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun He
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhenggang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xiangfei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wenxing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China.
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7
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Chen Y, Long J, Chen S, Xie Y, Xu Z, Ning Z, Zhang G, Xiao T, Yu M, Ke Y, Peng L, Li H. Multi-step purification of electrolytic manganese residue leachate using hydroxide sedimentation, struvite precipitation, chlorination and coagulation: Advanced removal of manganese, ammonium, and phosphate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150237. [PMID: 34818805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution caused by the release of manganese (Mn2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) generated from industrial activities poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. In this study, an integrated process consisting sequentially of hydroxide sedimentation, struvite precipitation, breakpoint chlorination, and ferric chloride coagulation was optimized to remove Mn2+ and NH4+-N from EMR leachate, and to address the issue of residual orthophosphate caused by struvite precipitation. The precipitates were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. Results show that Mn2+ ions and the resulting chemical oxygen demand (COD) were mainly removed using hydroxide precipitation at a sedimentation pH of 10.2, with poor-crystalline manganese hydroxide as the main precipitate. NH4+-N was primarily removed and recovered using struvite precipitation with well crystalline struvite as the main product, and then further eliminated using breakpoint chlorination. The residual orthophosphate introduced by struvite precipitation is successfully removed with ferric coagulation, and the effluent pH (7.5) is also lowered to discharge limits by means of hydrolysis of ferric coagulant. The concentration of COD, Mn2+, NH4+-N, and orthophosphate concentrations in the final effluent were 30.52 ± 9.38, 0.026 ± 0.013, 0.87 ± 0.01, and 0.06 ± 0.002 mg/L, respectively, meeting all local discharge standards. This combined process has robust pollutant removal efficiency, high resource recovery potential and few environmental constraints; thus, it is recommended as a potential solution for the treatment of Mn2+- and NH4+-N-rich acid mine drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianyou Long
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sihao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive and Rare Resource Utilization, Shaoguan 512026, China
| | - Zhengfan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive and Rare Resource Utilization, Shaoguan 512026, China
| | - Zengping Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Gaosheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingxia Yu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanyang Ke
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihu Peng
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huosheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wu B, Liu M, Liu Z, Shu J, Fan X, Liu R, Xie Z, Tao C. Chloride ion inhibition of electrochemical oscillations on the anode of an electrolytic manganese metal cell. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:4444-4455. [PMID: 32436434 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1762756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In industrial electrolytic manganese metal process, the energy consumption closely related to the electrolysis of cathode and anode. The effect of Cl- concentration on electrochemical oscillation at the anode of the electrolytic manganese metal cell was investigated. The results showed that the electrochemical oscillation at the anode was inhibited by Cl-, and the amplitude and frequency of the electrochemical oscillation decreased as the increase of Cl- concentration. When the concentration of Cl- was 2.68 g/L, the cathode and anode electrodes could be effectively activated, and the manganese current efficiency reached its minimum, correspondingly, the power consumption reached its maximum. In addition, the presence of the chloride reduced the production of MnO2 at the anode surface. ClO4- and free ions formed insoluble amorphous structures on the surface of the anode with the increase in reaction time and chloride ion concentration, and the insoluble amorphous structures prevented further generation of MnO2. Thus, electrolytic manganese metal energy consumption decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Renlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyuan Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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He D, Shu J, Wang R, Chen M, Wang R, Gao Y, Liu R, Liu Z, Xu Z, Tan D, Gu H, Wang N. A critical review on approaches for electrolytic manganese residue treatment and disposal technology: Reduction, pretreatment, and reuse. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126235. [PMID: 34126381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) has become a barrier to the sustainable development of the electrolytic metallic manganese (EMM) industry. EMR has a great potential to harm local ecosystems and human health, due to it contains high concentrations of soluble pollutant, especially NH4+ and Mn2+, and also the possible dam break risk because of its huge storage. There seems to be not a mature and stable industrial solution for EMR, though a lot of researches have been done in this area. Hence, by fully considering the EMM ecosystem, we analyzed the characteristics and eco-environmental impact of EMR, highlighted state-of-the-art technologies for EMR reduction, pretreatment, and reuse; indicated the factors that block EMR treatment and disposal; and proposed plausible and feasible suggestions to solve this problem. We hope that the results of this review could help solve the problem of EMR and thus promote the sustainable development of EMM industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun He
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yushi Gao
- Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550001, China; Guizhou Institute of Building Materials Scientific Research and Design Limited Company, Guiyang 550007, China
| | - Renlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Daoyong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Hannian Gu
- Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth's Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
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10
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Enhanced removal of Mn2+ and NH4+-N in electrolytic manganese metal residue using washing and electrolytic oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Lan J, Sun Y, Tian H, Zhan W, Du Y, Ye H, Du D, Zhang TC, Hou H. Electrolytic manganese residue-based cement for manganese ore pit backfilling: Performance and mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:124941. [PMID: 33858079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Slag backfilling with electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is an economical and environmentally-friendly method. However, high ammonium-nitrogen and manganese ions in EMRs limit this practice. In this study, a method of highly efficient simultaneous stabilization/solidification of ultrafine EMR by making EMR-based cementitious material (named EMR-P) was proposed and tested via single-factor and response surface optimization experiments. Results show that the stabilization efficiency of NH4+ and Mn2+ were above 95%, and the unconfined compressive strength of the EMR-P was 18.85 MPa (megapascal = N/mm2). The mechanistic study concluded that the soluble manganese sulfate and ammonium sulfate in EMR were converted into the insoluble precipitates of manganite (MnOOH), gypsum (CaSO4), MnNH4PO4·H2O, and struvite (MgNH4PO4∙6 H2O), leading to the stabilization of NH4+ and Mn2+ in the EMR-P. Leaching tests of EMR-P indicated that NH4+, Mn2+, and others heavy metals in the leachate were within the permitted level of the GB/T8978-1996. The novelty of this study includes the addition of phosphate and magnesium ions to precipitate ammonium-nitrogen and the combination between calcium ions (from CaHPO4∙2 H2O) and sulfate (from the EMR) to form calcium sulfate to improve the stability and unconfined compressive strength of cementitious materials (EMR-P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Conversion and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Conversion and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Conversion and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Wei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Conversion and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yaguang Du
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Conversion and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Hengpeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Conversion and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Dongyun Du
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis Conversion and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Tian C Zhang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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12
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He S, Wilson BP, Lundström M, Liu Z. Hazard-free treatment of electrolytic manganese residue and recovery of manganese using low temperature roasting-water washing process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123561. [PMID: 32769004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A combined low-temperature-roasting and water-washing process is investigated as a hazard-free method to treat electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) and recover manganese. In this study, the phase transformation characteristics and a thermodynamics analysis of the low temperature roasting process of EMR are evaluated. In addition, the effects of temperature and time on the phase transformation of EMR in the roasting process and the washing characteristics of roasted EMR samples are also investigated. Results reveal that some unstable phases within EMR are transformed into more stable phases depending on the treatment time/temperature conditions used and EMR roasted for 60 min at 600 °C (R60min/600°C) exhibit the highest rate of manganese recovery, 67.12 %. After 25 min of deionized water washing, the concentration of manganese in solution from R60min/600°C material become stable, whereas after 6 washing cycles the concentration of manganese in the solution is < 0.005 g/L. The R60min/600°C material with three wash cycles results in a manganese-water solution concentration that is suitable for use in electrolytic manganese metal production. Finally, toxicity leaching tests show that the concentrations of ions present in the leaching solution are all lower than the regulatory limits mandated by the Chinese Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard GB 8978-1996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Benjamin P Wilson
- Hydrometallurgy and Corrosion, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (CMET), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16200, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Mari Lundström
- Hydrometallurgy and Corrosion, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (CMET), School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16200, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Zhihong Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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13
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Wen D, Fu R, Li Q. Removal of inorganic contaminants in soil by electrokinetic remediation technologies: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123345. [PMID: 32763678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The soil contaminated by inorganic contaminants including heavy metals, radioactive elements and salts has been posing risks for human health and ecological environment, which has been widely paid attention in recent years. The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technology is recognized as the most potential separation technology, which is commonly used to clean sites that are contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. It is the most suitable remediation technology for low permeability porous matrices. The main transport mechanism of pollutants in EKR include electromigration, electroosmosis and electrophoresis, coupled with electrolysis and geochemical reactions. Although arduous endeavors have been carried out to build optimal operating conditions and reveal the mechanism of EKR process, a systematic theoretical foundation hasn't been sorted yet. A comprehensive review on electrokinetic remediation of inorganic contaminants in soil is given in this study, and a more systematic theoretical foundation is sorted out according to the latest theoretical achievements. This theoretical system mainly focuses on the scientific and practical aspects of the application of EKR technology in soil remediation, by which we try to dig into the core of this technology. It contains key motive power of electric phenomena, side effects, energy consumption and supply, and removal of heavy metals, radioactive elements and salts in soil during EKR. In addition, correlations between dehydration, crystallization effect, focusing effect and thermal effect are disclosed; optimal operating conditions for the removal of heavy metals by EKR and EKR coupled with PRB are discussed and sorted out. Also discussed herein is the relationship between energy allocation and energy saving. According to the related findings, some potential improvements are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wen
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rongbing Fu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Lv Y, Li J, Chen Z, Ye H, Du D, Shao L, Ma M. Species identification and mutation breeding of silicon-activating bacteria isolated from electrolytic manganese residue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1491-1501. [PMID: 32839912 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A strain of silicon-activating bacteria was isolated from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR); identified as a species of Ochrobactrum by integrated microscopic morphological characteristics, biochemical index determination, and clone analysis (i.e., results of 16S rRNA sequence); and temporarily named as Ochrobactrum sp. T-07 (T-07). The optimal growth conditions of the strain T-07 were obtained as follows: temperature of 30 °C, initial pH of 7.0, shaking speed of 180 rev. min-1, and loading volume of 100 mL. In order to enhance its activation activity of silicon, T-07 went through the ultraviolet (UV) mutagenesis and nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis breeding, and the mutant strain T-07-B with higher activity was obtained. Under the optimal fermentation condition (leaching time of 20 days, temperature of 30 °C, initial pH of 7, pulp concentration of 5%, shaking speed of 180 rev. min-1, and particle diameter of EMR ≤ 180 μm), the available silicon content in the supernatant reached 98.8 mg L-1, which was 2.4 times of the original strain T-07. Therefore, T-07 can be used as a good backup in developing biological silicon fertilizer for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lv
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Zhenxing Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengpeng Ye
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyun Du
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shao
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Ma
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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Shu J, Wu Y, Ji Y, Chen M, Wu H, Gao Y, Wei L, Zhao L, Huo T, Liu R. A new electrochemical method for simultaneous removal of Mn 2+and NH 4+-N in wastewater with Cu plate as cathode. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111341. [PMID: 32979720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new electrochemical method was used to simultaneously efficient removal of Mn2+ and NH4+-N in wastewater with Cu plate as cathode. The effects of various reaction parameters on the concentrations of Mn2+, NH4+-N and by-products (NO3--N and NO2--N, free chlorine and residual chlorine), as well as the removal mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of Mn2+ and NH4+-N were 99.1% and 92.9%, and the concentrations of NO3--N, NO2--N, free chlorine and residue chlorine were 0.73 mg/L, 0.15 mg/L, 0.13 mg/L and 0.63 mg/L reacting for 3 h at room temperature, respectively, when the current density was 10 mA/cm2, the mass ratio of ClO- and Cl- was 1:1, the initial pH was 9. The concentrations of Mn2+, NH4+-N and by-products in wastewater met the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). In addition, spherical manganese oxide was deposited on the anode plate, and spherical manganese oxide collapsed over electrolysis time. Manganese was mainly removed in the form of MnO, Mn(OH)2 and MnO2. NH4+-N was mainly oxidized to N2. Economic evalution revealed that the treatment cost was 2.93 $/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Yuhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Sichuan Jiuzhou Technician College, Jiusheng Road, Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Yushi Gao
- Guizhou Institute of Building Materials Scientific Research and Design Limited Company, Guiyang, 550007, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Tingting Huo
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Renlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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Xu JC, Ma Q, Chen C, Wu QT, Long XX. Cadmium adsorption behavior of porous and reduced graphene oxide and its potential for promoting cadmium migration during soil electrokinetic remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127441. [PMID: 32593826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a porous reduced graphene oxide (PRGO) carbon nanomaterial was successfully obtained by activation of natural graphite with KOH at high temperature and was applied as an auxiliary electrode in soil electrokinetic remediation to investigate the promoting effect on Cd migration. We found that PRGO contained a large amount of oxygen-containing groups (hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) and exhibited high Cd2+ adsorption efficiency at pH values above 4, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 434.78 mg/g for Cd. In addition, PRGO could selectively adsorb Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn but not K, Na, or Mg from soil solution. The electrokinetic remediation experiment showed that the PRGO auxiliary electrode promoted the migration of Cd and effectively controlled the increase in soil pH near the cathode, possibly due to ion exchange between the surface functional groups on the auxiliary electrode and Cd2+. In addition, the location of the PRGO auxiliary electrode strongly influenced the migration of Cd. For instance, the soil Cd concentration of treatment H-5 was 57.86% lower than that of H-0 at a distance of 5-10 cm from the electrode; however, the soil Cd concentration measured at 0-5 cm for treatment H-5 was 34.84% higher than that of treatment H-0. Our study demonstrated that PRGO could be applied as an auxiliary electrode to promote Cd migration during electrokinetic remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Chengyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| | - Qi-Tang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xin-Xian Long
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Waste Reuse in Agriculture of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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Tang X, Li R, Han D, Wu X. Impacts of electrokinetic isolation of phosphorus through pore water drainage on sediment phosphorus storage dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115210. [PMID: 32693325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pore water is a crucial storage medium and a key source of sediment phosphorus. A novel equipment based on electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKGs) was used for isolating phosphorus from eutrophic lake sediments through pore water drainage. Three mutually independent indoor group experiments (A, B, and C) were conducted to investigate the effects of voltage gradient (0.00, 0.25, and 0.50 V/cm) on pore water drainage capacity, phosphorus removal performance, sediment physicochemical properties, and phosphorus storage dynamics. The average reduction in the sediment moisture and total phosphorus content was 2.5%, 4.3%, and 4.6% and 28.15, 75.95, and 112.65 mg/kg after 6 days of treatment for A, B and C, respectively. Efficient pore water drainage through gravity and electroosmotic flow and electromigration of phosphate were the main drivers of sediment-dissolved and mobilized phosphorus separation. A high voltage gradient facilitated the migration of pore water and the phosphorus in it. The maximal effluent total phosphorous (TP) concentration was up to 27.9 times that in the initial pore water samples, and negligible effluent TP was detected when the pore water pH was less than 2.5. The TP concentration was exponentially and linearly related to the pH and electronic conductivity of the electroosmotic flow, respectively. The migration of H+ within the sediment matrix promoted the liberation of metals bounded to phosphorus, particularly of Ca-P and Fe-P. Pore water drainage through an EKG resulted in Ex-P separation of up to 87.50% and a 13.84 mg/kg decrease in Ca-P and 125.35 mg/kg accumulation of low mobile Fe-P in the weak acid anode zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Tang
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China; Changjiang River Eco-Environmental Engineering Research Centre, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 10080, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Ding Han
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Xingyi Wu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, China
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Shu J, Li B, Chen M, Sun D, Wei L, Wang Y, Wang J. An innovative method for manganese (Mn 2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH 4+-N) stabilization/solidification in electrolytic manganese residue by basic burning raw material. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126896. [PMID: 32402467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of manganese (Mn2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) in electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) have seriously hindered the sustainable development of electrolytic manganese industry. In this study, an innovative basic burning raw material (BRM) was used to stabilize/solidify Mn2+ and NH4+-N in EMR. The characteristics of EMR and BRM, stabilize mechanism of NH4+-N and Mn2+, and leaching test were investigated. The concentrations of NH4+-N and Mn2+ were 12.8 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, when the solid liquid ratio was 1.5:1, and the mass ratio of EMR and BRM was 100:10, at the temperature of 20 °C reacting for 12 h Mn2+ was mostly solidified as bustamite ((Mn,Ca)Si2O6), groutite (MnOOH) and ramsdellite (MnO2). NH4+-N was mostly recycled by (NH4)2SO4 and (NH4)3H(SO4)2. Leaching test results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals were within the permitted level for the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB8978-1996). Economic evaluation revealed that the cost of EMR treatment was $ 10.15/t by BRM. This study provided a new research idea for EMR harmless disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Danyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guizhou Building Materials Quality Supervision Testing Center, Guiyang, 550000, China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Building Materials Scientific Research and Design Limited Company, Guiyang, 550007, China
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Chen H, Long Q, Zhou F, Shen M. Elec-accumulating behaviors of manganese in the electrokinetics-processed electrolytic manganese residue with carbon dioxide and oxalic acid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Xiao J, Zhou S, Chu L, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang J, Tian L. Electrokinetic remediation of uranium(VI)-contaminated red soil using composite electrolyte of citric acid and ferric chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4478-4488. [PMID: 31832950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the process of electrokinetic (EK) remediation of uranium-contaminated soil, the existence form of uranium in soil pore fluid will affect on its migration behavior. In this paper, a novel type of electrolyte (citric acid + ferric chloride, CA+ FeCl3) has been investigated for the EK remediation of uranium-contaminated red soil. The effects of different electrolyte and the concentrations of FeCl3 on migration behavior of U(VI) and environmental risks were investigated after EK remediation. The result showed that the optimum concentration was 0.1 mol/L CA mixed with 0.03 mol/L FeCl3 in this study. At this time, the removal efficiency of uranium was about 61.55 ± 0.41%, and the cumulative energy consumption was 0.2559 kWh. Compared with deionized water and single CA, combined CA with FeCl3 has the advantages of high removal efficiency, low leaching toxicity, and less damage to the soil after the electrokinetic remediation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shukui Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Luping Chu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yinjiu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jiali Li
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Linyu Tian
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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Wu S, Liu R, Liu Z, Du J, Tao C. Electrokinetic Remediation of Electrolytic Manganese Residue Using Solar-Cell and Leachate-Recirculation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.19we010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University
| | - Renlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University
| | - Zuohua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University
| | - Jun Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University
| | - Changyuan Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University
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Shu J, Chen M, Wu H, Li B, Wang B, Li B, Liu R, Liu Z. An innovative method for synergistic stabilization/solidification of Mn 2+, NH 4+-N, PO 43- and F - in electrolytic manganese residue and phosphogypsum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 376:212-222. [PMID: 31129319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) contains large quantities of manganese (Mn2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N). Phosphogypsum (PG) contains plenty of phosphate (PO43-), fluorine (F-) and some heavy metals. Separate storage of EMR and PG could seriously damage the ecological environment. In this study, synergistic stabilization/solidification (S/S) of EMR and PG was studied. The effects of EMR:PG mass ratio, S/S pH, solid-liquid ratio and temperature on the concentrations of NH4+-N, PO43-, Mn2+ and F- in the leaching solution, and the characteristics of EMR and PG were studied. Meanwhile, the synergistic S/S mechanisms of EMR and PG, and leaching test were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of F-, PO43-, NH4+-N and Mn2+ in the leaching solution were 4.5 mg/L, 13.6 mg/L, 55.5 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L, respectively, when the mass ratio of EMR to PG was 1:2 and the pH was 9.0 adjusted by MgO after 20 days S/S. Manganese was mainly solidified as Mn3(PO4)2·7H2O and Mn(OH)2, and ammonia nitrogen was mainly stabilized as struvite; fluorine was mainly stabilized as (Mn, Ca, Mg)F2, and phosphate was mainly solidified as (Mn, Ca, Mg)3(PO4)2 and (Mn, Ca, Mg)HPO4. The leaching test results showed that PO43- and NH4+-N were reduced to 13.6 mg/L and 55.5 mg/L, respectively, and the concentrations of all the measured heavy metals and F- were within the permitted level for the GB8978-1996 after 20 days S/S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Sichuan Jiuzhou Technician College, Jiusheng Road, Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Bobo Li
- College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Renlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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