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Gopal V, Krishnamurthy RR, Indhumathi A, Sharon BTX, Priya TSD, Rathinavel K, Bharath KM, Magesh NS, Ayyamperumal R. Geochemical evaluation, ecological and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in urban soil, Southern India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118413. [PMID: 38316388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Roadside soil contamination is mostly caused by human-caused pollutant deposition. PTEs are among the many substances that are harmful for both humans and the environment. PTE concentrations in roadside soil in Chennai, southern India, have been determined in this study. To evaluate the seriousness of the threats, more environmental and geochemical indices have been applied. 83 soil samples have been obtained from the study regions and focusing on important roads. Elemental analysis has been analyzed with ED-XRF and sieve-filtered samples focused on PTEs such as arsenic, barium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, potassium, nickel, lead, thorium, titanium, zinc, and uranium. Significant metallic variations have been found in soil samples around roads by the investigation. The elements this study examined section ascending in the following sequence: Fe > Ti > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Th > As > U > K. In the research area, the CD classification denotes high contamination, whereas the CF indices show mild to significant pollution. PLI indicates moderate to high pollution, whereas EF suggests excessive enrichment. Igeo demonstrates a range from uncontaminated to highly contaminated. PERI showed high levels in the northern study region, whereas GUFI shows several hot spots indicating moderate to severe pollution. The Hazard Index (HI) values for all metals were less than one, demonstrating the absence of non-carcinogenic risks for both adults and children. Multivariate data show natural and anthropogenic PTEs in roadside soil. In addition, a soil quality monitoring system is needed to mitigate continual contamination risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gopal
- Centre for Earth and Atmospheric Sciences (CEAS), Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Deemed to Be University, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R R Krishnamurthy
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Indhumathi
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beenu T X Sharon
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T S Derlin Priya
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Rathinavel
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Manikanda Bharath
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research (NITTTR), (Ministry of Education, Govt. of India), Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N S Magesh
- Centre for Water Resources Development and Management, Kozhikode, 673 571, Kerala, India
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Wang P, Han G, Hu J, Zhang Q, Tian L, Wang L, Liu T, Ma W, Li J, Zheng H. Remarkable contamination characteristics, potential hazards and source apportionment of heavy metals in surface dust of kindergartens in a northern megacity of China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133295. [PMID: 38134690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to understand the impact of heavy metals (HMs) present in the surface dust (SD) of kindergartens on children, who are highly sensitive to contaminated dust in cities in their growth stage. A study was conducted on 11 types of HMs present in the SD of 73 kindergartens in Beijing. This study aims to assess the pollution levels and sources of eleven HMs in Beijing's kindergartens surface dust (KSD), and estimate the potential health risks in different populations and sources. The results indicate that Cd has the highest contamination in the KSD, followed by Pb, Zn, Ni, Ba, Cr, and Cu. The sources of these pollutants are identified as industrial sources (23.7%), natural sources (22.1%), traffic sources (30.4%), and construction sources (23.9%). Cancer risk is higher in children (4.02E-06) than in adults (8.93E-06). Notably, Cr is the priority pollutant in the KSD, and industrial and construction activities are the main sources of pollution that need to be controlled. The pollution in the central and surrounding areas is primarily caused by historical legacy industrial sites, transportation, urban development, and climate conditions. This work provides guidance to manage the pollution caused by HMs in the KSD of Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Children within urban populations are particularly sensitive to pollutants present in SD. Prolonged exposure to contaminated SD significantly heightens the likelihood of childhood illnesses. The pollution status and potential health risks of HMs within SD from urban kindergartens are comprehensively investigated. Additionally, the contributions from four primary sources are identified and quantified. Furthermore, a pollution-source-oriented assessment is adopted to clearly distinguish the diverse impacts of different sources on health risks, and the priority pollutants and sources are determined. This work holds pivotal importance for risk management, decision-making, and environmental control concerning HMs in KSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Nu Surficial Environment & Hydrological Geochemistry Laboratory, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Guilin Han
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Nu Surficial Environment & Hydrological Geochemistry Laboratory, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Liyan Tian
- Institute of Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Tingyi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P.R. China
| | - Wenmin Ma
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Nu Surficial Environment & Hydrological Geochemistry Laboratory, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Houyi Zheng
- General Institute of Geological Survey, China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Beijing 100013, PR China
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Wang F, Li W, Wang H, Hu Y, Cheng H. The leaching behavior of heavy metal from contaminated mining soil: The effect of rainfall conditions and the impact on surrounding agricultural lands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169877. [PMID: 38185143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Contaminated mining soils could lead to heavy metal pollution of surrounding farmlands under rainfall conditions. With the aids of sequential extraction, batch leaching, and dynamic leaching experiments, this study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of heavy metals in contaminated mining soils, understand their leaching behavior under different rainfall conditions, and evaluate the potential effects on surrounding farmlands. The results indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in the contaminated mining soils were several or even twenty times higher than their corresponding background values, and Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb had considerable proportions (>50 %) in mobile forms. The leaching amounts of heavy metals from the contaminated mining soils had positive correlation with their contents in acid soluble form, and showed strong dependence on rainfall pH conditions. Acid rainfalls (pH = 4.32) can greatly increase the average annual release of Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb from mine soils in the study area, with increments ranging from 72.4 % (Pb) to 85.9 % (Cd) compared to those under alkaline conditions (pH = 7.42). The leaching of heavy metals was well fitted by two-constant, pseudo second-order and parabolic equations, indicating that their multi-layer sorption/desorption behavior on soil surface was dominated by chemical processes and their release was controlled by the diffusion within the soil pore channels. The two-column leaching experiment showed that the metal-rich leachate can lead to obvious increments of heavy metals in non-residual fractions (in particular Cd in acid soluble form) in surrounding farmlands, which would significantly raise the potential ecological risk associated with heavy metals. These findings indicate the importance of contaminated mining soils as a long-term source of heavy metals and the needs for mitigating the releases of toxic elements, especially in areas with heavy acid precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Li
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanan Hu
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Kao CS, Wang YL, Jiang CB, Tai PJ, Chen YH, Chao HJ, Lo YC, Hseu ZY, Hsi HC, Chien LC. Assessment of sources and health risks of heavy metals in metropolitan household dust among preschool children: The LEAPP-HIT study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120015. [PMID: 38194873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The most common construction material used in Taiwan is concrete, potentially contaminated by geologic heavy metals (HMs). Younger children spend much time indoors, increasing HM exposure risks from household dust owing to their behaviors. We evaluated arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) concentrations in fingernails among 280 preschoolers between 2017 and 2023. We also analyzed HM concentrations, including As, Cd, Pb, chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), in 90 household dust and 50 road dust samples from a residential area where children lived between 2019 and 2021 to deepen the understanding of sources and health risks of exposure to HMs from household dust. The average As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in fingernails were 0.12 ± 0.06, 0.05 ± 0.05, and 0.95 ± 0.77 μg/g, respectively. Soil parent materials, indoor construction activities, vehicle emissions, and mixed indoor combustion were the pollution sources of HMs in household dust. Higher Cr and Pb levels in household dust may pose non-carcinogenic risks to preschoolers. Addressing indoor construction and soil parent materials sources is vital for children's health. The finding of the present survey can be used for indoor environmental management to reduce the risks of HM exposure and avoid potential adverse health effects for younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sian Kao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Wang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Bin Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, SanZhi District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Tai
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jasmine Chao
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zeng-Yei Hseu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Cheng Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Chu Chien
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Xu S, Li C, Wang Y, Wu A, Gao G, Zang F. Characteristics and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in a soil-wheat system of an arid oasis city in northwest China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115958. [PMID: 38219618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, the Cu and Ni accumulation and contamination levels in agricultural soils and wheat around a smelter in Jinchang City in northwest China were investigated with a combination of field investigations and indoor analytical tests, using a soil-wheat system as the study area. The average Cu and Ni contents in the soil were 119.50 mg kg-1 and 123.40 mg kg-1, respectively, both of which exceeded the local soil background values. The Cu and Ni contents in 46.15% o and 26.92% of sampling sites, respectively, exceeded the screening values for soil contamination risk in agricultural land in China. The average Cu content in different parts of wheat was in the order of roots (24.22 mg kg-1) > leaves (20.11 mg kg-1) > husks (5.51 mg kg-1) > grains (4.05 mg kg-1) > stalks (3.74 mg kg-1). Furthermore, the average Ni content ranked as leaves (24.64 mg kg-1) > roots (21.12 mg kg-1) > husks (6.95 mg kg-1) > stalks (1.75 mg kg-1) > grains (0.38 mg kg-1). The health risk evaluation showed that with average hazard index values of 0.88 for adults and 1.04 for children for Cu and Ni in wheat grain, wheat in this region is unlikely to pose a health risk to adults but may pose a lesser health risk to children. The Ni bio-concentration and translocation factors in the husk and leaves of wheat were greater than those of Cu and smaller than those of Cu in the other parts of wheat. The results of this study provide basic data for the remediation of heavy metal contamination in local agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Xu
- Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Langongping Rd 287, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Changhao Li
- Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Langongping Rd 287, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Langongping Rd 287, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Ao Wu
- Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Langongping Rd 287, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Guowen Gao
- Lanzhou Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Langongping Rd 287, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Fei Zang
- Lanzhou Univ, Coll Pastoral Agr Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Herbage Improvement & Grassland Agro, Engn Res Ctr Grassland Ind, Key Lab Grassland Lives, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Khajooee N, Modabberi S, Khoshmanesh Zadeh B, Razavian F, Gayà-Caro N, Sierra J, Rovira J. Contamination level, spatial distribution, and sources of potentially toxic elements in indoor settled household dusts in Tehran, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:56. [PMID: 38270787 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Tehran, the capital city of Iran, has been facing air pollution for several decades due to rapid urbanization, population growth, improper vehicle use, and the low quality of fuels. In this study, 31 indoor dust samples were collected passively from residential and commercial buildings located in the central and densely populated districts of the city. These samples were analyzed after preparation to measure the concentration of elements (As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V, Zn). Statistical data analyses were employed to compare their relationship across various uses, variations, and for source identification. Geochemical indices of contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) were utilized to evaluate the degree of contamination. The mean concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb (938, 206, and 176 µg g-1, respectively) are 6, 5, and 3 times higher than their mean values in worldwide urban soils. Additionally, Cd, Mo, and Ni showed concentrations about 1.5 times higher, while As, Co, Cr, Mn, and Sr fell within the range of reference soils. Be, V, and Sb displayed remarkably lower mean values. Building use did not significantly influence element levels in indoor deposited dust except for Pb and Zn. A comparison of indoor concentrations with previously published data for outdoor dusts revealed higher enrichments of Mo, Cu, Pb, and Ni, while As, Cd, and Zn showed lower enrichments in street dust samples. The order of CF values indicated Hg > Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu > As > Ni > Cr > Co > V. For Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu, all or almost all samples exhibited very high contamination. PLI values were consistently higher than 1, indicating contamination in all samples. Multivariate statistical analysis and Tehran's specific geological location suggested that mafic-intermediate volcanic rocks are primary sources for Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni (PC1). As, Pb, and V (PC2) were attributed to fossil fuel combustion in vehicles and residential buildings. Pb is a legacy metal remaining from the use of leaded gasoline, which was phased out in the 1990s. Zn (PC3) is derived from vehicle tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Khajooee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Modabberi
- School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behnoush Khoshmanesh Zadeh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Razavian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nuria Gayà-Caro
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII s/n Avenue, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Paisos Catalans Avenue 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology - TecnATox, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Buljovčić M, Živančev J, Antić I, Đurišić-Mladenović N. Heavy elements in indoor dust from Serbian households: pollution status, sources, and potential health risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:50-60. [PMID: 36170597 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2128077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of five heavy elements (HEs) was analyzed in indoor dust (n = 45) in households from four settlements in Vojvodina Province, Serbia. Overall medians (mg/kg) of Pb (5.6), Ni (5.2), Cu (27), and Cr (6.8) were below soil background values, while median for Cd (1.1) exceeded it. Pollution load index showed that the households' microenvironment in examined region might be regarded as unpolluted. Integrated pollution index revealed low contamination by Pb, Ni, and Cr, but high with Cu and Cd. Source apportionment by principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization suggested two possible sources: outdoor pollution and household materials. Hazard index was below safe limit (<1), indicating no adverse non-carcinogenic health effects. Estimated total carcinogenic risk for children and adult population was not negligible. Results indicated that attention should be paid to the presence of HE in indoors to conduct effective control measures and to ensure the health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Buljovčić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Živančev
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Igor Antić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Lu X, Wang Z, Chen Y, Yang Y, Fan X, Wang L, Yu B, Lei K, Zuo L, Fan P, Liang T, Cho JW, Antoniadis V, Rinklebe J. Source-specific probabilistic risk evaluation of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in fine dust of college campuses based on positive matrix factorization and Monte Carlo simulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119056. [PMID: 37757688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Contamination, hazard level and source of 10 widely concerned potentially toxic metal(loid)s (PTMs) Co, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Ba, and V in fine dust with particle size below 63 μm (FD63) were investigated to assess the environmental quality of college campuses and influencing factors. PTMs sources were qualitatively analyzed using statistical methods and quantitatively apportioned using positive matrix factorization. Probabilistic contamination degrees of PTMs were evaluated using enrichment factor and Nemerow integrated enrichment factor. Eco-health risk levels of content-oriented and source-oriented for PTMs were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. Mean levels of Zn (643.8 mg kg-1), Pb (146.0 mg kg-1), Cr (145.9 mg kg-1), Cu (95.5 mg kg-1), and Ba (804.2 mg kg-1) in FD63 were significantly larger than soil background values. The possible sources of the concerned PTMs in FD63 were traffic non-exhaust emissions, natural source, mixed source (auto repair waste, paints and pigments) and traffic exhaust emissions, which accounted for 45.7%, 25.4%, 14.5% and 14.4% of total PTMs contents, respectively. Comprehensive contamination levels of PTMs were very high, mainly caused by Zn pollution and non-exhaust emissions. Combined ecological risk levels of PTMs were low and moderate, chiefly caused by Pb and traffic exhaust emissions. The non-cancer risks of the PTMs in FD63 to college students fell within safety level, while the carcinogenic PTMs in FD63 had a certain cancer risks to college students. The results of source-specific health risk assessment indicated that Cr and As were the priority PTMs, and the mixed source was the priority pollution source of PTMs in FD63 from college campuses, which should be paid attention to by the local government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhenze Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinyao Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin Woo Cho
- Department of Environment, Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Penzy K, Muhammad S, Shahzad M, Hussain I, Khan SA, Abbasi AM, Khan I, Ahmad R. Industrial wastewater irrigation increased higher heavy metals uptake and expansins, metacaspases, and cystatin genes expression in Parthenium and maize. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1430. [PMID: 37940800 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater irrigation of agricultural crops can cause a lot of environmental and health problems in developing countries due to heavy metals deposition in agricultural soils as well as edible plant consumption by human beings. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the heavy metals concentration in industrial wastewater and soil irrigated with that wastewater. In addition, the aim was to determine the impact of industrial wastewater irrigation on Parthenium hysterophorus and Zea mays genes involved in growth improvement and inhibition. For this purpose, plant samples from agriculture fields irrigated with wastewater from Hattar Industrial Estate (HIE) of Haripur, Pakistan, and control plants from non-contaminated soil irrigated with tape water were collected after 15 and 45 days of germination. Heavy metals concentration in the collected plant samples, wastewater, and soil was determined. The results revealed that the soil of the sample collection site was predominantly contaminated with Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, and Cd up to the concentrations of 38.98, 21.14, 46.01, 155.73, 12.50, 68.50, and 7.01 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of these heavy metals were found to surpass the permissible limit in normal agricultural soil. Expansins, cystatins (plant growth enhancers), and metacaspases (plant growth inhibitor) gene expression were studied through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the expression of these genes was higher in samples collected from wastewater-irrigated soils as compared to control. The expression of these genes was observed in 45 days old samples, 15 days old samples, and control. Taken together, this study suggests the use of Parthenium and maize for phytoremediation and that they should not be used for eating purposes if irrigated with industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Penzy
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sabaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Weed Science and Botany, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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10
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Wang Z, Lu X, Yu B, Yang Y, Wang L, Lei K. Ascertaining priority control pollution sources and target pollutants in toxic metal risk management of a medium-sized industrial city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 887:164022. [PMID: 37172841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Re-suspended surface dust (RSD) often poses higher environmental risks due to its specific physical characteristics. To ascertain the priority pollution sources and pollutants for the risk control of toxic metals (TMs) in RSD of medium-sized industrial cities, this study took Baotou City, a representative medium-sized industrial city in North China, as an example to systematically study TMs pollution in RSD. The levels of Cr (242.6 mg kg-1), Pb (65.7 mg kg-1), Co (54.0 mg kg-1), Ba (1032.4 mg kg-1), Cu (31.8 mg kg-1), Zn (81.7 mg kg-1), and Mn (593.8 mg kg-1) in Baotou RSD exceeded their soil background values. Co and Cr exhibited significant enrichment in 94.0 % and 49.4 % of samples, respectively. The comprehensive pollution of TMs in Baotou RSD was very high, mainly caused by Co and Cr. The main sources of TMs in the study area were industrial emissions, construction, and traffic activities, accounting for 32.5, 25.9, and 41.6 % of the total TMs respectively. The overall ecological risk in the study area was low, but 21.5 % of samples exhibited moderate or higher risk. The carcinogenic risks of TMs in the RSD to local residents and their non-carcinogenic risks to children cannot be ignored. Industrial and construction sources were priority pollution sources for eco-health risks, with Cr and Co being the target TMs. The south, north and west of the study area were the priority control areas for TMs pollution. The probabilistic risk assessment method combining of Monte Carlo simulation and source analysis can effectively identify the priority pollution sources and pollutants. These findings provide scientific basis for TMs pollution control in Baotou and constitute a reference for environmental management and protection of residents' health in other similar medium-sized industrial cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenze Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
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11
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Rehman A, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ijaz S, Irshad S, Cheema AI, Riaz MU, Ashraf A. Spectroscopic fingerprinting, pollution characterization, and health risk assessment of potentially toxic metals from urban particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92842-92858. [PMID: 37495807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28834-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented stride of urbanization and industrialization has given rise to anthropogenic input of tiny particulates into the air. Urban particulate matter (PM) armored with potentially toxic metals (PTMs) could be lethal to the environment and human health. Therefore, the present study was planned to investigate the spectroscopic fingerprinting, pollution status and health risk of PM-associated PTMs collected from ten functional areas of Lahore, Pakistan. The diverged results of studied qualitative and quantitative analyses showed distinct compositional and pollution characteristics of PTMs in urban PM with respect to selected functional areas. The XRD results evident the fractional presence of metal-containing minerals, i.e., pyrite (FeS2), calcite (CaCO3), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), and chalcostibite (CuSbS2). Several chemical species of Zn, Pb, and As were found in PM of various functional areas. However, morphologies of PM showed anthropogenic influence with slight quantitative support of PTMs presence. The cumulative representation of PTMs pollution of all selected areas depicted that Cd was heavily polluted (Igeo=3.21) while Cr (Igeo=1.82) and Ni (Igeo=2.11) were moderately polluted PTMs. The industrial area having high pollution status of Cd (Igeo=5.54 and EF=18.07), Cu (Igeo=6.4 and EF=32.61), Cr (Igeo=4.03 and EF=6.53), Ni (Igeo=5.7 and EF=20.17), and Zn (Igeo=4.87 and EF=11.27) was prominent among other studied areas. The PTMs were likely to pose a high non-cancerous risk in IndAr (HI = 7.48E+00) and HTV (HI = 1.22E +00) areas predominantly due to Zn with HQ > 1. However, Cr was prominent to cause cancerous risks with values beyond the tolerable range (1.00E-04 to 1.00E-06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, People's Republic of China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Samra Ijaz
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Samina Irshad
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ayesha Imtiyaz Cheema
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Umair Riaz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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12
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Adebayo AS, Olufemi AP, Dasho O, Awosika DD, Olagunju E. Environmental impact assessment of active dumpsite in Ondo City, Nigeria: geochemical and geophysical approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:785. [PMID: 37261569 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the heavy metal levels associated with municipal waste in the vicinity of the Pele dumpsite, Ondo State, Nigeria, has been undertaken with the view of evaluating the environmental hazards associated with the dumpsite. A total of 23 composite soil samples were collected, measured, and analyzed for six toxic metals, and three dipole-dipole profiles were occupied within the study area. Six different pollution indices were used to evaluate the soil pollution level and ecological risk associated with the dumpsite. The 2D electrical resistivity method was used to delineate the extent of the pollution plume. The mean concentration (in µg/g) of the metals followed a descending order as Zn (75.78) > Cu (37.09) > Pb (25.96) > Cr (6.77) > Ni (5.43) > Cd (0.38). The geoaccumulation indexes revealed Cu (0.56-2.88), Pb (0.49-2.52), and Zn (0.58-2.37) as low to moderate pollutants, while Cd (1.70-6.80) was classified as a moderate-to-considerable high-level pollutant. The ecological assessment indicated moderate risk at most of the sampling points. The 2D resistivity model revealed the weathered layer, which makes up the primary aquifer units, had relatively low resistivity zones, indicating the influence of leachates from the dumpsite, and the vertical expanse of leachate movement was evaluated to be > 25 m. The existence of this pollution plume poses threat to the ecosystem and the health of the surrounding population. Proper management is recommended to resolve this probable ecosystem and health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebiyi S Adebayo
- Department of Physics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Ayodele P Olufemi
- Department of Physics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi Dasho
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Ondo, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Olagunju
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, William V.S.Tubman University, Monrovia, Liberia
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13
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Tawabini B, Al-Enazi M, Alghamdi MA, Farahat A, Shemsi AM, Al Sharif MY, Khoder MI. Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Dust of Mosques: Pollution Status, Sources, and Human Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2687. [PMID: 36768064 PMCID: PMC9916264 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potentially harmful elements (PHEs) associated with dust generated from anthropogenic sources can be transported into mosques and deposited on the filters of the air-conditioners (AC); thereby, children and adults are exposed to such PHEs while visiting mosques. Data dealing with the assessment of PHEs pollution and its human health risk in mosques dust in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Therefore, this work aims to examine the levels and pollution status of PHEs in AC filter dust (ACFD) of mosques and their associated human health risk in three Saudi cities: Jubail, Jeddah, and Dammam metropolitan. A similar concentration pattern of PHEs is observed in three cities' mosques with noticeably higher concentrations than both global crustal and local background values for Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Cd only. Except for Fe, Al, and Mn, the highest PHEs concentrations were found in Jeddah (1407 mg/kg), followed by Dammam (1239 mg/kg) and Jubail (1103 mg/kg). High PHEs' concentrations were also recorded in mosques located near workshops and suburban areas compared to urban areas. Based on the spatial pattern, enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, and ecological risk values, Jubail, Jeddah, and Dammam have shown moderate pollution levels of Cd, As, Pb, and Zn. On the other hand, Cu. Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, As, and Cd had degrees of enrichment levels that varied from significantly enriched to extremely highly enriched in the ACFD of the three cities. Heavy pollution is found in Jubail, which posed a higher potential ecological risk than in Jeddah and Dammam. Cd presents the highest ecological risk factors (ER) in the three cities. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults follow the order: Jeddah > Dammam > Jubail, and the ingestion pathway was the main route for exposure. Carcinogenic and con-carcinogenic risks in the mosques of the various studied cities were generally within the acceptable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Tawabini
- Department of Geosciences, College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Enazi
- Department of Geosciences, College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour A. Alghamdi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Farahat
- Department of Physics, College of Engineering and Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsan M. Shemsi
- Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Laboratories Section, Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Y. Al Sharif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh I. Khoder
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Behooth Str., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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14
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Blanco GD, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Blanco GD, Baker J, Tagliari MSM, Hayata MA, Campos ML, Hanazaki N. The impacts of mining on the food sovereignty and security of Indigenous Peoples and local communities: A global review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158803. [PMID: 36115402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mineral extraction areas represent an environmental, social, and also a food sovereignty challenge for several countries. Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLC) are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of mining activities, particularly those that affect their lands and waters. At the global level, scientific evidence on the impacts of mining on the food sovereignty of IPLC is meagre, scattered, and fragmented across disciplines and geographic regions. This study aims to assess whether factors such as mining, trace elements contamination, social inequality, lack of environmental deficitary environmental policy and practice, and socio-environmental conflicts directly impact the food sovereignty of IPLC worldwide. Through a comprehensive literature review of 403 articles, we mapped globally the impacts of mining activities on the food sovereignty of IPLC. Our results reveal that the combination of mining, social inequality and weak environmental strategies impinge negatively on the food sovereignty of IPLC. A hundred and six articles reviewed contained a detailed ecotoxicological analysis of food resources used by IPLC in mining areas. Of all documented species, 52.9 % were vascular plants, 40.3 % were fish and 6.8 % were mammals, presenting substantial scientific evidence of the contamination of food systems of IPLC as a direct result of mining. Given the magnitude of the evidence presented in this review, we propose strategic policy actions to address the impacts of mining on IPLC food sovereignty, such as the strengthening of social, cultural, and environmental safeguards in the mining sector, which should include provisions for the protection of the food systems of IPLC and their culturally-valued food resources, as well as monitoring of contaminant concentrations in the environment and in culturally-valued food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Dias Blanco
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriela Dias Blanco
- Department of Sociology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91509-900 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janelle Baker
- Anthropology, Centre for Social Sciences, Athabasca University, Canada
| | - Mario Sergio M Tagliari
- Municipal Faculty of Education and Environment, Clevelândia, St. Coronel Ferreira Belo, 85530-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maiara Albuquerque Hayata
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mari Lucia Campos
- Department of Soils and Natural Resources, State University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), 88035-901 Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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15
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Rashid MS, Liu G, Yousaf B, Hamid Y, Rehman A, Arif M, Ahmed R, Song Y, Ashraf A. Role of biochar-based free radicals in immobilization and speciation of metals in the contaminated soil-plant environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116620. [PMID: 36323123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure of biochar produced at various pyrolysis temperatures influences metal geochemical behavior. Here, the impact of wheat straw-derived biochar (300, 500, and 700 °C) on the immobilization and transformation of metals in the contaminated soil-plant system was assessed. The findings of the sequential extraction revealed that biochar additives had a substantial influence on the speciation of Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the contaminated soil. The lowest F1 (exchangeable and soluble fraction) + F2 (carbonate fraction) accounted for Cr (44%) in WB-300, Ni (43.87%) in WB-500, Pb (43.79%), and Zn (49.78%) in WB-700 with applied amendments of their total amounts. The characterization results indicated that high pyrolysis temperatures (300-700 °C) increased the carbon-containing groups with the potential to adsorb metals from the soil-plant environment. The bioconcentration and translocation factors (BCF and TF) were less than 1, indicating that metal concentration was restricted to maize roots and translocation to shoots. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellularly influence metal interactions with plants. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was performed to determine hydroxyl radical generation (•OH) in plant segments to assess the dominance of free radicals (FRs). Consequently, the formation of •OH significantly depends on the pyrolysis temperature and the interaction with a contaminated soil-plant environment. Thus, metal transformation can be effectively decreased in the soil-plant environment by applying WB amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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16
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Rabin MH, Wang Q, Kabir MH, Wang W. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements of fine street dust during COVID-19 lockdown in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4323-4345. [PMID: 35971052 PMCID: PMC9377810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Bangladesh government took the measure like partial lockdown (PL) and complete lockdown (CL) to curb the spread. These measures gave a chance for environmental restoration. In this study, street dust samples were collected during PL and CL from four main urban land use categories in Dhaka city, such as industrial area (IA), commercial area (CA), public facilities area (PFA), and residential area (RA). Ten potentially toxic elements (Cr, Mn, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni, As, and Cd) in fine street dust particles (diameter < 20 μm) were determined following aqua-regia digestion and measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to evaluate distribution, pollution sources, and potential risks to ecological systems and human health. Results showed that during PL, the concentrations of toxic elements in the dust were higher than that of CL. Cd and Fe were lowest and highest in concentration with 1.56 to 41,970 µg/g and 0.82 to 39,330 µg/g in partial and complete lockdown period respectively. All toxic elements were detected at high levels above background values where Fe with the highest and Cd with lowest concentrations, respectively. By land use, the levels of toxic elements pollution followed IA > PFA > RA > CA. Correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the sources of these analyzed toxic elements were mainly from anthropogenic which are related to industrial and vehicular or traffic emissions. Enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI) also suggested that the dust was more polluted during PL. Exposure of toxic elements to human was mainly via skin contact followed by ingestion and inhalation. Hazard quotient (HQ) values were < 1 except for Mn through dermal contact at all sites during partial and complete lockdown, similar to hazard index (HI), while Cr further showed high non-carcinogenic risks to children. Generally, children HI values were about 5-6 times higher than those of adults, suggesting a greater vulnerability of children to the health concerns caused by toxic elements in street dust. Carcinogenic risk (CR) values via ingestion pathway indicated all elements (except Pb) had significant health effect, while CR value by inhalation results showed no significant health effect. Cumulative carcinogenic risk (CCR) value had significant health effect except Pb in all land use categories. CCR values decreased during CL and reached at acceptable limit for most of the cases. This research provides a message to the local governments and environmental authorities to have a complete assessment of toxic elements in the street dust of Dhaka megacity in order to assuring public health safety and ecological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mominul Haque Rabin
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Qingyue Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Weiqian Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
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17
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Zheng K, Zeng Z, Huang J, Tian Q, Cao B, Huo X. Kindergarten indoor dust metal(loid) exposure associates with elevated risk of anemia in children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158227. [PMID: 35998718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to metals and metalloids in indoor dust is associated with adverse health effects in young children, but there is limited evidence for an association with anemia, which is at high risk in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to multiple metal(loid)s in indoor dust in kindergartens and the risk of anemia in children. In 2021, 2165 children from 25 kindergartens in eastern China were included in the study and had their hemoglobin (Hb) measured. Indoor dust samples were collected from the children's kindergartens, and the concentrations of 11 metals and metalloids in the samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The daily exposure dose (DED) of dust was used to assess the risk of metal(loid) exposure in the children. The results showed that of the 2165 children with available data, 351 (16.2 %) met the WHO definition of anemia. In multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses, we found that for each quartile of DED increase in Cd inhalation, child Hb levels decreased by 2.703 g/L (95 % CI: -4.055, -1.351), and the risk of anemia increased 1.602-fold (95 % CI: 1.087, 2.360). Mn ingestion was associated with increased odds of anemia [odds ratio (OR) = 1.760 (95 % CI: 1.217, 2.544)]. Interaction analysis indicated that metal(loid)s exposure effects were modified by child sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Cluster analysis found that children at high risk of metal(loid) exposure in the school environment tended to have lower Hb levels and higher prevalence of anemia compared with those at low risk, although this was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that child school exposure to metal(loid)s in indoor dust is associated with an increased risk of developing anemia in children, modified by child sex, age, and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyang Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianwen Tian
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Community Health Service Center of Kou Town Street, Jinan 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Health risk assessment and source apportionment of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in windowsill dust of a rapidly growing urban settlement, Iran. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19736. [PMID: 36396803 PMCID: PMC9672307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in environmental pollution and unsustainable development of cities. The concentration of 12 potentially toxic metal(loid)s in windowsill dust samples (n = 50) were investigated from different functional areas of Qom city with the highest level of urbanization in Iran. Spatial analyses (ArcGIS 10.3) and multivariate statistics including Principal Component Analysis and Spearman correlation (using STATISTICA-V.12) were adopted to scrutinize the possible sources of pollution. The windowsill dust was very highly enriched with Sb (50 mg/kg) and Pb (1686 mg/kg). Modified degree of contamination (mCd) and the pollution load indices (PLIzone) indicate that windowsill dust in all functional areas was polluted in the order of industrial > commercial > residential > green space. Arsenic, Cd, Mo, Pb, Sb, Cu, and Zn were sourced from a mixture of traffic and industrial activities, while Mn in the dust mainly stemmed from mining activities. Non-carcinogenic health risk (HI) showed chronic exposure of Pb for children in the industrial zone (HI = 1.73). The estimations suggest the possible carcinogenic risk of As, Pb, and Cr in the dust. The findings of this study reveal poor environmental management of the city. Emergency plans should be developed to minimize the health risks of dust to residents.
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Gupta V, Bisht L, Arya AK, Singh AP, Gautam S. Spatially Resolved Distribution, Sources, Exposure Levels, and Health Risks of Heavy Metals in <63 μm Size-Fractionated Road Dust from Lucknow City, North India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912898. [PMID: 36232197 PMCID: PMC9565937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 64 road dust samples were collected from five different functional areas (residential, commercial, parks, high-traffic, and industrial) in urban Lucknow to assess the accumulation, distribution, and health risk of heavy metals (HMs) (i.e., Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, As, Cr and Ni). Acid digestion methods were used to analyze HMs, followed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The ascending frequency of HMs was Cd < As < Ni < Cr < Pb < Cu < Zn < Mn < Fe for all different functional areas. Almost all HMs exceed the limits of Indian natural soil background values (INSB) across all functional areas. The pollution assessment results reveal that the urban road dust of Lucknow is highly enriched with Zn and Pb, causing deterioration of dust quality. The spatial distribution of HMs shows that road dust found in the central and southwestern zones of the Lucknow urban area are more contaminated than in other areas. The ecological risk assessment demonstrates that Cd was the highest risk contributor, followed by Pb, Zn and Cu. The result of the health risk assessment i.e., the cumulative hazard index (HI) and the cumulative lifetime cancer risk (LCR), reveal that children (mean HIchildren = 1.26, LCRchildren = 0.000187) are more vulnerable to HM exposure than adults (HIadults = 0.14, LCRadults = 0.0000804). For carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk, ingestion appears to be the major pathway of HM exposure in both age groups. It is alarming that all studied four carcinogenic HMs were found in concentrations higher than 1 × 10-6 (the permissible limit for humans). This indicates slight chances of developing cancer for both age groups in all functional areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhu Gupta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Lalita Bisht
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Arya
- Department of Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yu B, Lu X, Fan X, Fan P, Zuo L, Yang Y, Wang L. Spatial distribution, pollution level, and health risk of Pb in the finer dust of residential areas: a case study of Xi'an, northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3541-3554. [PMID: 34625867 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution, pollution level, and exposure risk of Pb in the finer dust (particle size < 63 μm) of residential areas in Xi'an, northwest China were investigated in this study. Geographical information systems and geodetector methods were used to analyze the spatial variability of Pb content in the finer dust of Xi'an and its forming mechanism. The enrichment factor was used to assess the extent of Pb pollution, and the hazard index was used to evaluate the health risks to children and adults exposed to Pb. The results showed that the average content of Pb in the finer dust of residential areas in Xi'an was 99.9 mg kg-1. In the Xi'an urban area, a higher Pb content was mainly found in the finer dust near the Second Ring Road of Xi'an City, and the Pb content in the old town of Xi'an City was relatively lower than that near the Second Ring Road. The results of geodetector analysis indicate that the spatial variability of Pb in the finer dust of the Xi'an urban area was primarily controlled by the interaction among vehicle emissions, daily behavior of residents, and industrial emissions. Pb in the finer dust from residential areas in all districts showed moderate enrichment. The non-cancer risks of Pb in the finer dust were within the safe range for both children and adults. However, the prolonged exposure risk of Pb in the finer dust of residential areas should be considered for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyao Fan
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Fan
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zuo
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Yang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
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Tariba Lovaković B, Jagić K, Dvoršćak M, Klinčić D. Trace elements in indoor dust-Children's health risk considering overall daily exposure. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13104. [PMID: 36168220 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust presents an important source of daily exposure to toxic elements. The present study reports for the first time the levels of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Se, Sr, Tl, V, and Zn measured in dust samples collected from 10 kindergartens and 21 cars from Zagreb, Croatia. Based on the obtained data, we assessed the health risks from overall daily exposure to trace elements for children aged 2-6 years taking into account three pathways of dust intake-ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation. The median concentration of most elements was significantly higher in dust obtained from cars compared to kindergartens, especially in the cases of Co (11.62 vs. 3.60 mg kg-1 ), Cr (73.55 vs. 39.89 mg kg-1 ), Cu (186.33 vs. 26.01 mg kg-1 ), Mo (8.599 vs. 0.559 mg kg-1 ), Ni (37.05 vs. 17.38 mg kg-1 ), and Sn (9.238 vs. 1.159 mg kg-1 ). Oral intake was identified as the most important exposure pathway, except for Cr, Ni, and Sb where dermal contact was the main route of exposure. Health risk assessment indicated that no adverse effects are expected from overall exposure to trace elements. Although the cases of high exposure to toxic elements are not common in areas with no significant environmental pollutants, due to the health threat they may present even at low levels, their status should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Jagić
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Dvoršćak
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darija Klinčić
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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22
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Tong S, Yang L, Gong H, Wang L, Li H, Yu J, Li Y, Deji Y, Nima C, Zhao S, Gesang Z, Kong C, Wang X, Men Z. Bioaccumulation characteristics, transfer model of heavy metals in soil-crop system and health assessment in plateau region, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113733. [PMID: 35689891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the bioaccumulation and transfer of heavy metals including Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil-crop system in Lhasa, and assessed the health risks of the edible part of the crops. The results showed that the average values of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were 0.15, 44.55, 24.68, 532.40, 22.47, 38.18 and 73.99 mg kg-1 in natural soil, and 0.16, 46.93, 38.45, 559.13, 23.23, 40.03 and 83.29 mg kg-1 in cultivated soil, respectively. Highland barley and wheat had the strongest ability to accumulate Zn in grain, the BCF values were 0.24 and 0.27, respectively, significant differences in the distribution of metal contents in crop root, stem, leaf and grain were observed. Root presented larger accumulation capacity in most metals, Zn and Cu was easily transferred in the plant organs, most metals in this study presented difficult to migrate from root to grain. The transfer peak of most metals in soil-crop system appeared from stem to leaf. The concentrations of Cr and Mn in crop grains could be predicted according to the multiple linear regression models. THQ and HI values of heavy metals in edible parts of both highland barley and wheat were below the safety threshold of 1, indicating no detrimental effects posed to adults health. This study helps to understand the accumulation and transfer of heavy metals in soil-crop system in plateau region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; College of Tourism and Historical Culture, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui 553004, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongqiang Gong
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiangping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzong Deji
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cangjue Nima
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengcheng Zhao
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongji Gesang
- Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuming Men
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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23
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Aminiyan MM, Rahman MM, Rodríguez-Seijo A, Hajiali Begloo R, Cheraghi M, Aminiyan FM. Elucidating of potentially toxic elements contamination in topsoils around a copper smelter: Spatial distribution, partitioning and risk estimation. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1795-1811. [PMID: 34368909 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) as one of the major environmental hazards is associated with metal exploration and refining acting. In this study, forty-five topsoil samples surrounding a copper smelter factory were taken and analysed using standard routine methods. The total concentration, chemical fractionation and the mobility potential of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were analysed. Additionally, the spatial distribution of PTEs, the potential ecotoxicological, and human health risks was assessed. The range of total Cu was 1478-4718 mg kg-1, reaching up to 501.5, 21.6, 118.4, 573.5 and 943.3 mg kg-1 for total contents of As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn, respectively. The potentially available fractions after sequential extraction reveal all studied PTE were dramatically mobile and available in the studied area (86%, 69.3%, 59.5%, 87.2%, 84% and 68% for As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Cu, respectively), reflecting that the concentration and accumulation of these elements are profoundly affected or originated by smelting activities and deposition of atmospheric emissions of the Cu smelting factory. The spatial distribution of all PTEs indicated that concentrations of these element near the smelter Cu-factory were elevated. Accordingly, the ecotoxicology status of the studied area suggests that significantly high risks are posed by the measured PTEs. Non-carcinogenic effects of As, Pb and Cu were significantly much higher than the recommended value (HI = 1), suggesting that these three PTEs could adversely impact children's health. For adults, only the HI value of As was greater than one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raziyeh Hajiali Begloo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Cheraghi
- Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Mirzaei Aminiyan
- Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Vali-e-Asr Rafsanjan University, Rafsanjan, Iran
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24
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Pollution Indexing and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy-Metals-Laden Indoor and Outdoor Dust in Elementary School Environments in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of potentially toxic heavy metals (HMs)-bearing dust in the environment is posing serious health risks to humans. Therefore, the occurrence of HMs in indoor and outdoor dust samples of elementary school’s environment in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were reported, and associated potential human health risks were estimated in this study. Dust samples were collected from outdoor and indoor environments from eighteen elementary schools using a soft plastic brush. The mean concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in collected indoor dust samples were much higher (0.08, 3.45, 59.20, 15.20, 4.99, and 94.10 mg kg−1, respectively) than that of outdoor dust samples (0.07, 3.07, 42.20, 13.60, 4.57, and 62.40 mg kg−1, respectively), due to fans operation, opened windows, and resuspension of dust by children’s activities. The values of estimated enrichment factor revealed that both the outdoor and indoor dusts were moderately contaminated with Zn and Cu, while highly contaminated with Cd and Pb. However, the estimated potential ecological risks associated with HMs were lower. Health risks (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) calculations exhibited no potential risks of HMs in the schools’ dust toward children. However, health risks for children were determined in the following order: up to 6 years > 6–12 years > adults. Therefore, assessing the potential health risks posed by HM-contaminated dust in school environments is necessary to avoid any possible children’s health concerns.
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Fan P, Lu X, Yu B, Fan X, Wang L, Lei K, Yang Y, Zuo L, Rinklebe J. Spatial distribution, risk estimation and source apportionment of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in resuspended megacity street dust. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107073. [PMID: 34995969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The levels of potentially toxic metal(loid)s (PTMs) As, Cu, Co, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in resuspended street dust (<100 μm particles) from a megacity in north China were determined. The sources of PTMs in resuspended street dust were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis and positive matrix factorization methods that combined the spatial distributions of PTMs. Average levels of Zn, As, Pb, Cu, Co, and Hg exceeded those found in local soil samples, while those of Cr, Mn, and Ni were less than their background levels found in local soil. The overall contamination of PTMs in resuspended street dust was characterized as moderately contaminated and as uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. The ecological risk associated with Hg was very high, while the ecological risks associated with Cu, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were low. The overall ecological risk of PTMs was defined as high, driven by Hg. The non-carcinogenic risks of PTMs to inhabitants fell within safety limits, and the carcinogenic risks of As, Co, Cr, and Ni were below receivable values. A comprehensive analysis of PTMs sources revealed that Co, Zn, Cu, and Pb were principally associated with traffic emissions, which accounted for about 38.3% of these PTMs' contents. Mn, Ni, and Cr were mainly generated by natural source, which contributed to about 41.5% of these PTMs' concentrations. Hg and As were primarily derived from coal-related industrial source, which accounted for 77.9% of Hg and 62.9% of As in resuspended street dust. This study demonstrates that coal-related industrial discharges and traffic emissions are the main anthropogenic sources of PTMs contamination in resuspended street dust in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyao Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Kai Lei
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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26
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SPR CR, Yong HNA, Kalhoro M, Dahari KBM, Shaikh FB. Factors affecting domestic tourists' repeat purchase intention towards accommodation in Malaysia. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1056098. [PMID: 37035510 PMCID: PMC10074492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1056098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The hospitality and tourist industries depend on homestays and accommodations. Different factors, i.e., promotion strategies, service quality, cleanliness, and perceived health risks, influence tourists' repeat purchase intention for accommodation. This study highlights different variables influencing domestic tourists' accommodation repurchase decisions in Malaysia. Around 304 respondents from this quantitative survey are tourists who have already experienced choosing their accommodations during travel. Statistical Packages of Social science software (SPSS-23.0) were used to examine the data through multiple regression and descriptive approaches. The finding suggests that promotion, and services, can positively affect visitors' purchasing decisions. However, there is a negative but statistically significant link between perceived health risk and repurchase decisions. Furthermore, the result revealed that the predictors of purchase decisions significantly influence selection. This study observed the undervalued quality of services and facilities provided by the hotel industry. The results identified that sustainable practices could enhance the impressive recovery of the tourism industry during and after the pandemic. Furthermore, cleanliness and cost are vital to be considered a primary quality service factor, reducing the perceived health risk, even if there is a pandemic. The study suggested that lodging providers could upgrade on-site facilities and acquire better promotion strategies. The study's conclusions can increase satisfaction to avoid health risks in any circumstance and promote tourism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ramendran SPR
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Charles Ramendran SPR,
| | - Hui Nee Au Yong
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Kalhoro
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Business Administration, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
- Maryam Kalhoro,
| | | | - Farhan Bashir Shaikh
- Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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Rahman MS, Saha N, Kumar S, Khan MDH, Islam ARMT, Khan MNI. Coupling of redundancy analysis with geochemistry and mineralogy to assess the behavior of dust arsenic as a base of risk estimation in Dhaka, Bangladesh. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132048. [PMID: 34478961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dust particles enriched with arsenic (As) is a significant health threat for populations living in Southeast Asian megacities. The mineralogical composition of dust particles is the key factor that controls the retention and release of As. This study investigated the degree of metal(oid)s pollution (As, Ca, Fe, K, Ga, Rb, Sr, Ti, V, Y, and Zr) in road dust of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index suggested that the road dust was heavily enriched with As, which triggers a comprehensive investigation of its controlling mechanisms and potential health risks by combining physicochemical and mineralogical information with multivariate analysis and a simulated probabilistic risk estimation model. Alkaline road dust (pH1:5 ranges from 8.02 to 10.34) in Dhaka city was found to have significant enrichment of As. Dust alkalinity was possibly controlled by the presence of carbonate minerals, such as calcite. Quartz was identified as the dominant mineral phase followed by magnesium carbon arsenide (MgCAs2). Carbonate mineral driven alkaline pH conditions in road dust would potentially trigger the release and mobilization of As to the environment. However, organic complexation can stabilize As on particle surfaces. Monte Carlo simulation-based health risk forecast suggested that the probability of As associated cancer risk has greatly exceeded the threshold value of 1E-4 for adults and children, and children are more vulnerable than adults. According to sensitivity analysis, the concentration of As and exposure duration (ED) posed the most significant impact (>58%) on risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safiur Rahman
- Air Particulate Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Narottam Saha
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, Center for Mined Land Rehabilitation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Sazal Kumar
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1000049, China
| | | | | | - M Nazrul Islam Khan
- Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Fan X, Lu X, Yu B, Zuo L, Fan P, Yang Y, Zhuang S, Liu H, Qin Q. Risk and sources of heavy metals and metalloids in dust from university campuses: A case study of Xi'an, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111703. [PMID: 34284017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
College students study and live at university for several years; however, the pollution levels, ecological health risks, and sources of heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs) in the dust found at university campuses are still unknown. In this study, dust samples from university campuses in Xi'an were collected and the Zn, Mn, As, Pb, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Ba, and Ni contents were measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The pollution levels and ecological health risks of these HMMs were evaluated using the geo-accumulation, pollution load, and potential ecological risk indices and a health risk assessment model while their sources were apportioned using positive matrix factorization. The mean HMM concentrations in the dust were higher than the corresponding background values in the topsoil of Shaanxi Province. The Mn, V, Co, As, and Ni concentrations in the dust samples analyzed were within the levels categorized as no pollution by the geo-accumulation index standard, whereas other HMMs caused pollution to different degrees. Assessment of the pollution load index indicated that the dust samples analyzed were moderate contamination with HMMs. Pb and Cu in the dust presented considerable and moderate ecological risks, respectively; the other HMMs presented low ecological risks. The combined ecological risk of the HMMs measured in the dust samples was considerable. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to male and female college students were within the safe levels. This study found three main sources of the HMMs measured in the dust: traffic, natural, and mixed sources (the latter including automobile repair industry waste and paints and pigments), which accounted for 47.5%, 29.3%, and 23.2% of the total HMM concentration, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Sukai Zhuang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qing Qin
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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Xu R, Zheng X, Lin Y, Lin C, Guo Y, Huo X. Assessment of dust trace elements in an e-waste recycling area and related children's health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148154. [PMID: 34118658 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Children from Guiyu, an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling town, are exposed to trace elements via dust. However, the source, pathways, and influence factors of house dust and the association of house dust with child inflammation in an e-waste recycling area are not well-known. This study investigated dust trace elements in children's living environment and the associations of house dust trace elements with influence factors and child inflammation. A total of 108 dust samples from children's residences, roads, and kindergartens in Guiyu (an exposed area) and Haojiang and Shantou urban areas (reference areas) were collected and analyzed, as well as children's questionnaire data. The Mann-Whitney U test found there were higher trace element concentrations in road dust (Co, Ni, and Cu), kindergarten dust (Al, V, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn), and house dust (V, Co, Cu, As, and Cd) in Guiyu than in Haojiang and Shantou urban areas (P < 0.05). Our analysis showed that house dust and road dust have similar distribution patterns of trace elements. Spearman's correlations showed close relationships among quantities of trace elements (P < 0.05). Higher trace element concentrations in dust were found in houses that used indoor shoe cabinets and opened windows frequently (P < 0.05). In houses of children with airway inflammation, higher dust Ba concentrations were found (P < 0.05), and if their fathers did not work with e-waste, we found higher dust Pb concentrations (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05). Health assessments showed a high risk of exposure through ingestion and an acceptable risk of exposure through inhalation of dust trace elements for children. However, relationships between airway inflammation and house dust trace elements showed the inhalation risk might be underestimated. This study suggests trace element exposure via dust poses a health risk for children living in e-waste recycling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangbin Zheng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Yucong Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ciming Lin
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
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Irshad S, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ali MU, Ahmed R, Rehman A, Rashid MS, Mahfooz Y. Geochemical fractionation and spectroscopic fingerprinting for evaluation of the environmental transformation of potentially toxic metal(oid)s in surface-subsurface soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4329-4343. [PMID: 33860414 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of soil by toxic metal(oid)s has emerged as a major concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. A metals behavior in the soil environment is influenced by organic matter, mineral phases, and oxidation states in which a particular metal exists. However, the spectroscopic evidence of metal(oid)s interactions in soil with organic matter and mineral phases can induce an extensive understanding. The surface and sub-surface soils (0-50 cm) from four sites of upper Indus basin, Pakistan, were collected and analyzed by using FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) in addition to ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) and geochemical fractionation. Geochemical fractionation of metal(oid)s indicated that As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were mostly found in the potentially bioavailable fractions. However, an increase in the residual fraction was observed from top to bottom. The absorption bands of FTIR spectra were divided into three spectral regions 700-400, 1700-800, and 3700-2800 cm-1. The soil was found rich in organic matter and capable of retaining metals as abundant peaks were observed in the mid-infrared region. The mineralogical analysis of soil samples testified silicon oxides and zeolite as major mineral phases. The XPS spectra showed broad peaks of As(III), As2O3, As4S4, PbO2, and PbCo3. The study concludes that the source identification of metal(oid)s in the upper Indus is crucial to find out the particular source of contamination in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Irshad
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusra Mahfooz
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Urban Road Dust of Zhengzhou Metropolis, China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to assess hazardous heavy metal levels in PM2.5 fractioned road dust in order to quantify the risk of inhalation and potential health effects. To accomplish this, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was used to determine concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, As, Pb, and Hg) in the PM2.5 portion of road dust samples from five different land use areas (commercial, residential, industrial, parks, and educational) in Zhengzhou, China. The following were the average heavy metal concentrations in the city: Cr 46.26 mg/kg, Cu 25.13 mg/kg, Ni 12.51 mg/kg, Zn 152.35 mg/kg, Cd 0.56 mg/kg, As 11.53 mg/kg, Pb 52.15 mg/kg, and Hg 0.32 mg/kg. Two pollution indicators, the Pollution Index (PI) and the Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), were used to determine the degree of contamination. Both PI and Igeo indicated the extreme pollution of Hg and Cd, while PI also ranked Zn in the extreme polluted range. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model for adults and children was used to estimate health risks by inhalation. The results identified non-carcinogenic exposure of children to lead (HI > 0.1) in commercial and industrial areas. Both children and adults in Zhengzhou’s commercial, residential, and park areas are exposed to higher levels of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn).
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Al-Harbi M, Alhajri I, Whalen JK. Characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination from dust collected on household HVAC air filters. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130276. [PMID: 33773312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals associated with airborne particulate matter are detrimental to human health, but risk assessment is difficult due to the technical challenges of determining exposure rates. In houses and other buildings, the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system is equipped with an air filter that captures airborne particulate matter from the indoor air that enters the HVAC system. This study used the air filter dust as a proxy for the heavy metal exposure of children and adults, based on a household study in Kuwait. Air filter dust contained from 12.5 ± 5 mg Co/kg dust to 14 453 ± 5046 mg Fe/kg dust. Houses had high levels of Fe, Al, Zn, and Mn and relatively low concentrations of As and Co. Source apportionment revealed that metals in air filter dust were from natural and anthropogenic sources, including vehicular emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and metals-related industries. The total Hazard Index (HI; Σ exposure routes) for heavy metals was >1 for children and adults. Total cancer risks (TCR; Σ exposure routes) were 5.93 × 10-3 (95% CI: 5.28 × 10-3- 6.59 × 10-3) for children and 5.16 × 10-3 (95% CI: 4.59 × 10-3 - 5.73 × 10-3) for adults. Heavy metals, particularly the Cr and Pb concentrations, contribute to the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of children and adults in Kuwait households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshari Al-Harbi
- Department of Environmental Technology Management, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Ibrahim Alhajri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Technological Studies, P.O. Box 42325, Shuwaikh, 70654, Kuwait
| | - Joann K Whalen
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
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Rahman MS, Kumar S, Nasiruddin M, Saha N. Deciphering the origin of Cu, Pb and Zn contamination in school dust and soil of Dhaka, a megacity in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40808-40823. [PMID: 33772469 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, anthropogenic activities have resulted in road dust and roadside soil hosted metal(oid)s pollution in the urban environment. In the South-Asian megacity "Dhaka", schools are situated in the areas with high population density and high traffic emissions. As the school-going children are the most vulnerable receptor, school premises in Dhaka city represent an important yet overlooked exposure point to contaminated dust and soil. Therefore, the present study investigated the metal(oid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn and As) pollution in dust and soil at school compounds, explored their possible sources and estimated the associated human health risk. This study revealed that dust contained higher concentration of metal(oid)s than soil, and the Azimpur Govt. Girls School & College was identified as the most contaminated site. The enrichment of school dust with Cu, Zn and Pb were strictly related to the dense population and substantial traffic activity in the study areas. Arsenic content in school soil was several folds higher than its concentration in the upper crust. Natural and anthropogenic activities possibly posed a synergistic effect on such high soil As. The multivariate statistics suggested that Cu, Zn and Pb were likely to be originated from traffic-related activities, while Zr, Fe, Ti and Rb from natural sources, and K, Sr and Ca from industrial activities. The assessment of health risk suggested the children as a vulnerable receptor and ingestion was identified as the dominant pathway of dust and soil exposure. The hazard index (HI) values were lower than unity, suggesting no possible non-cancer health risk. Arsenic posed a lifetime carcinogenic risk to the population in the study area through soil ingestion and dermal adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Safiur Rahman
- Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, 4-Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sazal Kumar
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1000049, China
| | - Md Nasiruddin
- Department of Chemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Narottam Saha
- Center for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Xie T, Lu F, Wang M, Zhang Y, Liu C, Chen W. The application of urban anthropogenic background to pollution evaluation and source identification of soil contaminants in Macau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146263. [PMID: 34030381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic background characterized by the accumulation characteristics of contaminants is recognized as an important evidence in pollution assessment and source identification in urban soil due to its less arbitrariness compared with the existing quality standards and the guidelines. A credible approach for pollution index calculation referring to anthropogenic background values (ABVs) combined with entropy weight method was developed. By the approach, the soil pollution degrees in Macau, China (one of the most densely populated region worldwide) were assessed based on the database of the heavy metals, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn, and high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) from 31 sites spatially distributed all over Macau. It was revealed that approximately half of the sites had no specific point source pollution. Mercury, benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), fluoranthene (FLT), and benzo(b)fluorantene (BbF), which had the highest weights were considered as the main contaminants. Macau Peninsula was identified as the critical polluted area. Then, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) coupled with ABVs as one of the data uncertainty inputs was used to identify the anthropogenic pollution sources of the contaminants. Three main anthropogenic sources with their contributions, including vehicle emissions (51.3%), use of hazard material (24.8%), and municipal or domestic waste (23.9%), could be well identified and quantified in the study area. The error estimation of the results showed that the variation of the contaminants in the derived factors were stable. The approaches which were in conformity with ABVs of soil contaminants are proved applicable in soil pollution assessment and source identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Famuyiwa AO, Entwistle JA. Characterising and communicating the potential hazard posed by potentially toxic elements in indoor dusts from schools across Lagos, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:867-879. [PMID: 33949398 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ambient and indoor air pollution results in an estimated 7 million premature deaths globally each year, representing a major contemporary public health challenge, but one poorly quantified from a toxicological and source perspective. Indoor exposure represents possibly the greatest potential overall exposure, yet our indoor environments are still poorly understood, modelled and characterized. In rapidly growing cities, such as Lagos, Nigeria, environmental monitoring can play an important role in establishing baseline data, monitoring urban pollution trends and in environmental education. Classroom dust samples were collected from 40 locations from across the twenty local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos, in June 2019. The aim of the study was to assess the potential hazard posed by PTE in indoor dusts and to develop a suitable risk communication strategy to inform and educate the public, promoting environmental health literacy. Concentrations of total PTE in indoor dusts were assessed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry. Oral bioaccessibility determinations using the unified BARGE method, and analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) were also performed on the dust samples to determine the fraction available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Results showed that the indoor dust samples were largely uncontaminated, with only few exceptions (2 samples). Enrichment factor pollution trend for the total PTE concentrations was in the order of Pb > Zn > U > Cr > Cu > Ba > Mn > V > As > Cd > Ni > Al. Source apportionment studies using factor analysis suggests concentrations of Al, As, Fe, Mn, Ni, and U may be influenced largely by lithogenic factors, while Cd, Cu and Pb originated principally from anthropogenic sources. Chromium, V and Zn appear to originate from mixed sources of both lithogenic and anthropogenic origin. Our oral bioaccessibility determinations indicate that the assumption of 100% bioavailability based on pseudototal or total concentrations would overestimate the hazard potential of PTE in these indoor dusts. Zinc was the most bioaccessible PTE (mean of 88%), with Mn (57%), Pb (48%), Ba (48%), Al (41%), As (37%), Cu (36%), Ni (28%), Cr (10%) and Fe (7%) the least bioaccessible. Human health risk assessment, for both children and adults using the bioaccessible fraction, showed values to be within acceptable risk levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimbola O Famuyiwa
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Ogun State P.M.B 2210, Nigeria.
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Rehman A, Liu G, Yousaf B, Ahmed R, Rashid MS, Irshad S, Shakoor A, Farooq MR. Morpho-chemical characterization and source apportionment of potentially toxic metal(oid)s from school dust of second largest populous city of Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110427. [PMID: 33221307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interior settled dust is one of the greatest threats of potentially toxic metal(oid)s (PTMs) exposure to the children, especially in the school environment. Therefore, it is more worthy of having in-depth knowledge of compositional characteristics of school dust. Forty schools were selected of Lahore city for dust sampling. The school dust was analyzed to determine the PTMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ge, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, V, and Zn) concentrations using ICP-MS. The morphological characteristics, PTMs speciation, and mineralogy of school dust were examined using SEM with EDS, XPS, and XRD, respectively. Moreover, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and multivariate statistical analysis were employed to assess the pollution levels, ecological risk, and source identification of PTMs, respectively. The Igeo indicated a heavily-extreme pollution level of Cd (Igeo = 4.92), moderate-heavy pollution of Zn (Igeo = 3.22), and Pb (Igeo = 2.78), and slight-moderate pollution of Cr (Igeo = 1.62), and Cu (Igeo = 1.53). The ecological risk has been found extremely high for Cd and moderately high for Pb and As, while potential ecological risk found extremely high posed by cumulatively all selected PTMs. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that sources of PTMs comprise of natural processes as well as several anthropogenic processes like vehicular emissions, agricultural and industrial activities. The SEM, XRD, and XPS analyses demonstrated the presence of airborne particles and PTMs containing minerals with several toxic chemical species in school dust. This study can help to develop strategies to reduce school indoor pollution and hence to establish an eco-friendly learning environment for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Samina Irshad
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Muhammad Raza Farooq
- Advanced Laboratory for Functional Agriculture, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Yu B, Lu X, Fan X, Fan P, Zuo L, Yang Y, Wang L. Analyzing environmental risk, source and spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in dust of residential area in Xi'an urban area, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111679. [PMID: 33396011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study on concentration, spatial distribution, pollution, ecological-health risk and source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in dust of residential area in Xi'an, China were conducted to explore the environmental quality of residential area in urban district. The results show that the concentrations of V, Ni, and Mn in the dust were less than, while the contents of Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ba in the dust were obviously larger than, the soil background values of Shaanxi. The high-value area of PTEs primarily concentrated in densely populated areas, heavily trafficked areas and the surroundings of plants. Cr, Pb and Zn posed moderate enrichment and Pb possessed moderate ecological risk in the dust. The comprehensive pollution levels of PTEs in the dust were uncontaminated to moderately contaminated and their comprehensive ecological risk were moderate. The non-carcinogenic risks of the PTEs for adults and children were in the safe level and the carcinogenic risks of Ni and Cr were under the current acceptable value. Four major sources were discriminated on basis of the multivariate statistical analysis results and the content characteristics, enrichment degrees, and the spatial distribution features of the PTEs, viz. Mn, V, and Ni primarily came from natural source; Pb, Zn, and Cu mainly originated from traffic source; and Ba and Cr were respectively from construction source and coal-fired power plant source, which respectively contributed 22.8%, 28.3%, 47.3%, and 1.6% to the total content of PTEs determined in the dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinwei Lu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xinyao Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ling Zuo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Othman M, Latif MT, Jamhari AA, Abd Hamid HH, Uning R, Khan MF, Mohd Nadzir MS, Sahani M, Abdul Wahab MI, Chan KM. Spatial distribution of fine and coarse particulate matter during a southwest monsoon in Peninsular Malaysia. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127767. [PMID: 32763576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of PM2.5 and PM10 collected in four regions (North, Central, South and East Coast) of Peninsular Malaysia during the southwest monsoon. Concurrent measurements of PM2.5 and PM10 were performed using a high volume sampler (HVS) for 24 h (August to September 2018) collecting a total of 104 samples. All samples were then analysed for water soluble inorganic ions (WSII) using ion chromatography, trace metals using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results showed that the highest average PM2.5 concentration during the sampling campaign was in the North region (33.2 ± 5.3 μg m-3) while for PM10 the highest was in the Central region (38.6 ± 7.70 μg m-3). WSII recorded contributions of 22% for PM2.5 and 20% for PM10 mass, with SO42- the most abundant species with average concentrations of 1.83 ± 0.42 μg m-3 (PM2.5) and 2.19 ± 0.27 μg m-3 (PM10). Using a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, soil fertilizer (23%) was identified as the major source of PM2.5 while industrial activity (25%) was identified as the major source of PM10. Overall, the studied metals had hazard quotients (HQ) value of <1 indicating a very low risk of non-carcinogenic elements while the highest excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was recorded for Cr VI in the South region with values of 8.4E-06 (PM2.5) and 6.6E-05 (PM10). The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) calculated from the PAH concentrations was within the acceptable range for all regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murnira Othman
- Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anas Ahmad Jamhari
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Royston Uning
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazrura Sahani
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ikram Abdul Wahab
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Peng L, Li X, Sun X, Yang T, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, He A, Zhou M, Cao Y, Mielke HW. Comprehensive Urumqi screening for potentially toxic metals in soil-dust-plant total environment and evaluation of children's (0-6 years) risk-based blood lead levels prediction. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127342. [PMID: 32947679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminations by potentially toxic metals (PTMs) are associated with energy exploitation and present a significant problem in urban areas due to their impacts on human health. The PTMs status in Urumqi total environment inevitably impacted by extensive development of coal and oil industries has been lack of understanding comprehensively. A series of PTMs (As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr) in the soil-dust-plant (foliage of Ulmus pumila L.) system of Urumqi (NW China) were screened by XRF and ICPMS. Multivariate statistics, risk models, GIS-based geostatistics, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor modelling and blood lead levels of 0-6 aged children evaluated by IEUBK model are used to determine the priority pollutants, sources and health effects of the investigated elements. The spatial distribution of PTMs in soil-dust-plant system significantly coincides with coal combustion, traffic emission, and industrial activity. Although all PTM toxicants in soil, dust and tree foliage show some effects, the priority contaminants are observed for Cu, Pb and Zn as single element. The total carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from PTMs are beyond the tolerance range of 0-6 year's old children, and the dust (TCR = 1.07E-04) PTMs pose approximatively equivalent carcinogenic risk to soil PTMs (TCT = 1.09E-04). The predicted BLLs (75-83 μ g·L-1) of 1-2 years children are most strongly influenced by Pb in soil and dust, and therefore more attention should be focused on sources of Pb to support the primary health care of the toddlers in Urumqi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Peng
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China.
| | - Xuemeng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Ana He
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China
| | - Howard W Mielke
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutant Exposure and Eco-environmental Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, PR China; Environmental Signaling Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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40
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Gohain M, Deka P. Trace metals in indoor dust from a university campus in Northeast India: implication for health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:741. [PMID: 33128628 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reports concentrations of trace metals and the associated health risks in settled dust of different microenvironments of a university in Northeast India. Settled dust samples were collected from the most accessible indoor locations by the students of Tezpur University, a rural-residential university of mid Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. Collected samples were digested in an aqua regia-assisted microwave digestion system and analyzed for iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The highest concentration was obtained for Fe with a mean value of 1353.51 ± 123 mg/kg. Cadmium showed the lowest concentration with a mean value of 0.75 ± 0.57 mg/kg. Cadmium was the highly enriched element followed by Pb, Zn, and Ni. The metals mostly fall in the "extremely high enrichment" category. The study revealed that infiltrated soil or street dust, eroding wall paints, and automotive sources were the main contributing sources of the metals. The calculated Hazard Index (HI) value, 0.39, was lower than the acceptable HI value of 1 indicating no significant non-cancer risk to the students from exposure to these heavy metals at present. The study also found no carcinogenic risk on exposure to the metals present in the indoor dust samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuree Gohain
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Pratibha Deka
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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Moryani HT, Kong S, Du J, Bao J. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulated on PM 2.5 Fractioned Road Dust from Two Cities of Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7124. [PMID: 33003379 PMCID: PMC7579555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify and investigate levels of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5 fractioned road dust to better understand the associated inhalation risk and potential health impacts. To achieve this aim, concentrations of seven traffic generated heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Sb, and Cr) were determined in the PM2.5 fraction of road dust samples from four different locations (offices, residential, hospital, and school) in two cities (Karachi and Shikarpur) of Pakistan using ICP-MS. The average concentration values of heavy metals in Karachi were as follows: 332.9 mg/kg Cu, 426.6 mg/kg Pb, 4254.4 mg/kg Zn, 62.3 mg/kg Cd, 389.7 mg/kg Ni, 70.4 mg/kg Sb, 148.1 mg/kg Cr, whereas the average concentration values of heavy metals in Shikarpur were 245.8 mg/kg Cu, 538.4 mg/kg Pb, 8351.0 mg/kg Zn, 57.6 mg/kg Cd, 131.7 mg/kg Ni, 314.5 mg/kg Sb, 346.6 mg/kg Cr. The pollution level was assessed through two pollution indices enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). These indices showed moderate to extreme level pollution in studied areas of both cities. The health risk assessment through inhalation contact was conducted according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) model for children and adults. Both non-cancerous and cancerous risks were characterised in the road dust samples for each location. As yet, there is not a single study on the concentrations of heavy metals in PM2.5 fractions of road dust in Karachi and Shikarpur, findings of this research will facilitate researchers for further investigations in current field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuqiong Kong
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.T.M.); (J.D.)
| | | | - Jianguo Bao
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.T.M.); (J.D.)
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Sun Z, Hu Y, Cheng H. Public health risk of toxic metal(loid) pollution to the population living near an abandoned small-scale polymetallic mine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137434. [PMID: 32105926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small-scale mining activities in many developing countries have caused severe environmental issues to the surrounding areas, which ultimately threatened the health of local populations. Based on detailed characterization of the local drinking water and surface soil, as well as foodstuffs, this study comprehensively assessed the public health risk of toxic metal(loid)s to the population living in three villages surrounding an abandoned small-scale polymetallic mine in southern China. The agricultural soils contained elevated levels of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb, which originated from the mining district, and as expected, the locally cultivated rice and vegetables were contaminated by As, Cd, and Pb to varying extents. Arsenic occurred in both inorganic and organic forms in the rice and vegetables, with inorganic As (i-As) accounting for 82.2% (45.4-100%) and 94.7% (65.2-100%) of the total As contents in rice and vegetables, respectively. Results of health risk assessment indicate that the residents in the impacted villages had serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. Dietary exposure to i-As and Cd through rice and vegetable consumption was the primary cause of non-carcinogenic risk, while i-As intake was the dominant contributor of carcinogenic risk. These findings suggest that significant environmental pollution by toxic metal(loid)s could result from small-scale metal mines, even after being abandoned, and the accumulation of the toxic metal(loid)s in food crops could pose significant health risk to the local residents. Immediate actions should be taken to discourage them from consuming the locally produced food crops, while long-term control measures for containment of toxic metal(loid) pollution are being developed, and high priority should be given to the remediation of Cd and As in the contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanan Hu
- MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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