1
|
Biao W, Hashim NA, Rabuni MFB, Lide O, Ullah A. Microplastics in aquatic systems: An in-depth review of current and potential water treatment processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142546. [PMID: 38849101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Plastic products, despite their undeniable utility in modern life, pose significant environmental challenges, particularly when it comes to recycling. A crucial concern is the pervasive introduction of microplastics (MPs) into aquatic ecosystems, with deleterious effects on marine organisms. This review presents a detailed examination of the methodologies developed for MPs removal in water treatment systems. Initially, investigating the most common types of MPs in wastewater, subsequently presenting methodologies for their precise identification and quantification in aquatic environments. Instruments such as scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and Raman tweezers stand out as powerful tools for studying MPs. The discussion then transitions to the exploration of both existing and emergent techniques for MPs removal in wastewater treatment plants and drinking water treatment plants. This includes a description of the core mechanisms that drive these techniques, with an emphasis on the latest research developments in MPs degradation. Present MPs removal methodologies, ranging from physical separation to chemical and biological adsorption and degradation, offer varied advantages and constraints. Addressing the MPs contamination problem in its entirety remains a significant challenge. In conclusion, the review offers a succinct overview of each technique and forwards recommendations for future research, highlighting the pressing nature of this environmental dilemma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Biao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Awanis Hashim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Fairus Bin Rabuni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ong Lide
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aubaid Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang S, Shen C, Zhang F, Wei K, Shan S, Zhao Y, Man YB, Wong MH, Zhang J. Microplastics removal mechanisms in constructed wetlands and their impacts on nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon) removal: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170654. [PMID: 38331284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are now prevalent in aquatic ecosystems, prompting the use of constructed wetlands (CWs) for remediation. However, the interaction between MPs and CWs, including removal efficiency, mechanisms, and impacts, remains a subject requiring significant investigation. This review investigates the removal of MPs in CWs and assesses their impact on the removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The analysis identifies crucial factors influencing the removal of MPs, with substrate particle size and CWs structure playing key roles. The review highlights substrate retention as the primary mechanism for MP removal. MPs hinder plant nitrogen uptake, microbial growth, community composition, and nitrogen-related enzymes, reducing nitrogen removal in CWs. For phosphorus and carbon removal, adverse effects of MPs on phosphorus elimination are observed, while their impact on carbon removal is minimal. Further research is needed to understand their influence fully. In summary, CWs are a promising option for treating MPs-contaminated wastewater, but the intricate relationship between MPs and CWs necessitates ongoing research to comprehend their dynamics and potential consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China.
| | - Fuhao Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Kejun Wei
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-Treatment of Waste Biomass, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang FA, Hou YN, Cao C, Huang C, Shen S, Ren N, Wang AJ, Guo J, Wei W, Ni BJ. Electroactive properties of EABs in response to long-term exposure to polystyrene microplastics/nanoplastics and the underlying adaptive mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133438. [PMID: 38198865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Given widespread presence of polystyrene (PS) microplastics/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs), the electroactive responses and adaptation mechanisms of electroactive biofilms (EABs) exposed long-term to PS-containing aquatic environments remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the impacts of PS MPs/NPs on electroactivity of EABs. Results found that EABs exhibited delayed formation upon initially exposure but displayed an increased maximum current density (Imax) after subsequent exposure for up to 55 days. Notably, EABs exposure to NH2PS NPs (EAB-NH2PSNPs) demonstrated a 50% higher Imax than the control, along with a 17.84% increase in viability and a 58.10% increase in biomass. The cytochrome c (c-Cyts) content in EAB-NH2PSNPs rose by 178.35%, benefiting the extracellular electron transfer (EET) of EABs. Moreover, bacterial community assembly indicated the relative abundance of electroactive bacteria increased to 87.56% in EAB-NH2PSNPs. The adaptability mechanisms of EABs under prolonged exposure to PS MPs/NPs predominantly operate by adjusting viability, EET, and bacterial community assembly, which were further confirmed a positive correlation with Imax through structural equation model. These findings provide deeper insights into long-term effects and mechanisms of MPs/NPs on the electroactive properties of EABs and even functional microorganisms in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ai Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ya-Nan Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Ce Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Cong Huang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Shaoheng Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianbo Guo
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou S, Wang L, Liu J, Zhang C, Liu X. Microplastics' toxic effects and influencing factors on microorganisms in biological wastewater treatment units. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:1539-1553. [PMID: 38557717 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Prior to entering the water body, microplastics (MPs) are mostly collected at the sewage treatment plant and the biological treatment unit is the sewage treatment facility's central processing unit. This review aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the detrimental impacts of MPs on the biological treatment unit of a sewage treatment plant and it covers how MPs harm the effluent quality of biological treatment processes. The structure of microbial communities is altered by MPs presence and additive release, which reduces functional microbial activity. Extracellular polymers, oxidative stress, and enzyme activity are explored as micro views on the harmful mechanism of MPs on microorganisms, examining the toxicity of additives released by MPs and the harm caused to microorganisms by harmful compounds that have been adsorbed in the aqueous environment. This article offers a theoretical framework for a thorough understanding of the potential problems posed by MPs in sewage treatment plants and suggests countermeasures to mitigate those risks to the aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhou
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Sijie Zhou and Lili Wang contributed equally to this work
| | - Lili Wang
- Waterway Transportation Environmental Protection Technology Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Water Transportation Engineering Science and Research, Ministry of Transportation, Tianjin 300456, China; Sijie Zhou and Lili Wang contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin Liu
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chuanguo Zhang
- Waterway Transportation Environmental Protection Technology Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Water Transportation Engineering Science and Research, Ministry of Transportation, Tianjin 300456, China
| | - Xianbin Liu
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sethulekshmi S, Shriwastav A. Long-term presence of microplastics in aerobic and anaerobic sequential batch reactors: Effect on treatment, microbial diversity, and microplastics morphology. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121029. [PMID: 38142505 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are identified as the significant sink and source of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic bodies and terrestrial systems. A major fraction of MPs gets retained in STPs for a longer duration, and their potentiality for secondary MPs generation and additives leaching remain under investigated. Therefore, this study focussed on the effect of long-term exposure of aerobic and anaerobic biological sewage treatment units on MPs, along with the effect of MPs on treatment efficiency and microbial consortium. A mixture of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and nylon MPs at 262 MPs/L was spiked in the aerobic and anaerobic sequential batch reactors (SBRs) for 120 days at the start of study. The study revealed a release of noteworthy fraction of secondary MPs into the reactors from spiked MPs. At the end of 120th day, the presence of secondary generated MPs was estimated as 1000 ± 71 MPs/L and 650±141 MPs/L in aerobic and anaerobic SBRs respectively. Most of the observed secondary MPs were of size < 300 µm. Leaching of additives, i.e. cyclohexylamine, cyclotetradecane, octadecanol, pipericine etc., into the SBR effluents were also observed. The depuration capacities of the reactors were not affected with the presence of MPs during the study. While the microbial diversity and abundance were negatively impacted in aerobic SBRs, no such impacts were observed in anaerobic SBRs due to MPs. These results do suggest such exposures to potentially cause secondary MPs and chemical pollution in receiving matrices for the treated effluent, as well as effect on the native microbial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sethulekshmi
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Amritanshu Shriwastav
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo T, Pan K, Chen Y, Tian Y, Deng J, Li J. When aerobic granular sludge faces emerging contaminants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167792. [PMID: 37838059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of emerging contaminants (ECs) has caused greater requirements and challenges to the current biological wastewater treatment technology. As one of the most promising biological treatment technologies, the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process also faces the challenge of ECs. This study summarizes the recent progress and characteristics of several representative ECs (persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disrupting chemicals, antibiotics, and microplastics) in AGS systems that have garnered widespread attention. Additionally, the biodegradation and adsorption mechanisms of ECs were discussed, and the interactions between various ECs and AGS was elucidated. The importance of extracellular polymeric substances for the stabilization of AGS and the removal of ECs is also discussed. Knowledge gaps and future research directions that may enable the practical application of AGS are highlighted. Overall, AGS processes show great application potential and this review provides guidance for the future implementation of AGS technology as well as elucidating the mechanism of its interaction with ECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu S, Su C, Lu Y, Xian Y, Chen Z, Wang Y, Deng X, Li X. Effects of microplastics on the properties of different types of sewage sludge and strategies to overcome the inhibition: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166033. [PMID: 37543332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have been identified as an emerging pollutant. When microplastics enter wastewater treatment plants, the plant traps most of the microplastics in the sludge during sewage treatment. Therefore, the effects of microplastics on sludge removal performance, and on the physical and chemical properties and microbial communities in sludge, have attracted extensive attention. This review mainly describes the presence of microplastics in wastewater treatment plants, and the effects of microplastics on the decontamination efficiency and physicochemical properties of activated sludge, aerobic granular sludge, anaerobic granular sludge and anaerobic ammonium oxidation sludge. Further, the review summarizes the effects of microplastics on microbial activity and microbial community dynamics in various sludges in terms of type, concentration, and contact time. The mechanisms used to strengthen the reduction of microplastics, such as biochar and hydrochar, are also discussed. This review summarizes the mechanism by which microplastics influence the performance of different types of sludge, and proposes effective strategies to mitigate the inhibitive effect of microplastics on sludge and discusses removal technologies of microplastics in sewage. Biochar and hydrochar are one of the effective measures to overcome the inhibition of microplastics on sludge. Meanwhile, constructed wetland may be one of the important choice for the future removal of microplastics from sewage. The goal is to provide theoretical support and insights for ensuring the stable operation of wastewater treatment plants and reducing the impact of microplastics on the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Yiying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yunchuan Xian
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Zhengpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Xue Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Xinjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei S, Huang Z, Ni Y, Pan Z, Feng H, Cheng X, Huang Z, Liao H, Li J. Effect of polyethylene terephthalate particles on filamentous bacteria involved in activated sludge bulking and improvement in sludge settleability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20762. [PMID: 38007594 PMCID: PMC10676396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of filamentous bacteria within activated sludge leads to sludge structural instability and diminished settling properties, which is a prevalent issue in tannery wastewater treatment. Based on available information, there is a lack of research on the impact of particle addition on filamentous bacteria in activated sludge, specifically with respect to a reduction in sludge bulking. Therefore, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was selected as the test material to elucidate the effect of particles on sludge bulking. The results illustrate that particles measuring 0.1 mm in diameter have a profound influence on both the quantity and morphological characteristics of filamentous bacteria in activated sludge. In an anaerobic-aoxic-oxic (AAO) reactor, the use of 4000 particles/L led to a significant decrease in the sludge volume index (SVI), reducing it from 358 mg/L to 198 mg/L. The results offer significant insights for resolving sludge bulking problems in tannery wastewaters. Moreover, the results are significant as a reference point for future investigations on the efficacy of incorporating diverse particulate materials to ameliorate issues associated with activated sludge bulking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Wei
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ziyang Huang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yongjiong Ni
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zengrui Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hongbo Feng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Zuchao Huang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Hanglei Liao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiong W, Wang S, Zhang Q, Hou Y, Jin Y, Chen B, Su H. Synergistic analysis of performance, microbial community, and metabolism in aerobic granular sludge under polyacrylonitrile microplastics stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129394. [PMID: 37369317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has proved to be a promising biotechnology for microplastics wastewater treatment. However, polyacrylonitrile microplastics (PAN MPs), the most widely used plastic in textile materials, have not been investigated. Therefore, the effect of the neglected PAN MPs on AGS at different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mg/L) was evaluated. The results indicated that PAN MPs with 1 and 10 mg/L concentrations had no obvious effect on granular stability and nutrient removal performance, but greatly promoted the secretion of EPS. Remarkably, the granule structure was severely damaged under 100 mg/L PAN MPs. Moreover, microbial community analysis showed that phylum Proteobacteria played a dominant role in resistance to PAN MPs. Metabolic analysis further revealed that genes related to denitrification pathway (nasA, nirK, nirS and norB) and membrane transport were significantly inhibited under PAN MPs stress. This study may provide additional information on the treatment of microplastics wastewater using AGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Biqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ren Z, Guo H, Jin H, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhou J, Qu G, Sun Q, Wang T. P, N, and C-related functional genes in SBR system promoted antibiotics resistance gene transmission under polystyrene microplastics stress. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119884. [PMID: 36958218 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important sinks of microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs). Information regarding connections between functional modules of WWTPs and spread of ARGs under MPs stress is still lacking. In this study, correlations between P-, N-, and C-related functional genes and ARGs in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system were evaluated under polystyrene (PS) MPs stress. Total P and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in effluent showed no significant changes under 0.5-50 mg L-1 PS MPs stress within 32 cycle treatment periods of SBR, while 0.5 mg L-1 PS MPs affected the N cycling process. PS MPs (0.5-50 mg L-1) promoted the richness and diversity of microbial community in SBR, and the denitrification process was exuberant. PS MPs with a low dosage (0.5-5 mg L-1) enhanced secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and promoted expression levels of functional genes related to C fixation, C degradation, P cycling, and N cycling. Simultaneously, aac(3)-II, blaTEM-1, and tetW increased by 27.13%, 38.36%, and 9.57% under low dosages of PS MPs stress; more importantly, the total absolute abundance of intI1 nearly doubled. 78.4% of these P-, N-, and C-related functional genes were positively correlated with intI1, thus favoring transmission of ARGs. This study firstly disclosed the underlying correlations between functional modules of WWTPs and spread of ARGs under MPs stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - He Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hekai Jin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guangzhou Qu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiuhong Sun
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang H, Liu Y, Niu C, Wang Y, Wang B, Liu Y, Guo L, Wang Z. Long-term exposure of polytetrafluoroethylene-nanoplastics on the nitrogen removal and extracellular polymeric substances in sequencing batch reactor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 166:110229. [PMID: 36966678 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of polytetrafluoroethylene-nanoplastics (PTFE-NPs) on biological sewage disposal was delved, containing nitrogen remotion, microbiological activity and composition of extracellular polymer (EPS). The addition of PTFE-NPs reduced the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) by 3.43 % and 2.35 %, respectively. In comparison with no PTFE-NPs, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), specific ammonia oxidation rate (SAOR), specific nitrite oxidation rate (SNOR) and specific nitrate reduction rate (SNRR) decreased by 65.26 %, 65.24 %, 41.77 % and 54.56 %, respectively. The PTFE-NPs inhibited the activities of nitrobacteria and denitrobacteria. It was worth noting that, nitrite oxidized bacterium was more resistant to adverse environments than ammonia oxidizing bacterium. Compared with no PTFE-NPs, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) grew by 130 % and 50 % under PTFE-NPs pressure. The appearance of PTFE-NPs affected the normal function of microorganisms by inducing endocellular oxidative stress and destroying the completeness of the cytomembrane. The protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS) levels in loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and tightly bound EPS (TB -EPS) increased by 4.96, 0.70, 3.07 and 0.71 mg g-1 VSS, under PTFE-NPs. Meanwhile, the PN/PS ratios of LB-EPS and TB -EPS increased from 6.18 and 6.41-11.04 and 9.29, respectively. The LB-EPS might provide sufficient binding sites for PTFE-NPs adsorption due to its loose and porous structure. The defense mechanism of bacteria against PTFE-NPs was mainly the PN in loosely bound EPS. Moreover, the functional groups referred to the complexation of EPS with PTFE-NPs were mainly related to N-H, CO, and C-N in proteins and O-H in polysaccharides.
Collapse
|
12
|
Casella C, Sol D, Laca A, Díaz M. Microplastics in Sewage Sludge: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63382-63415. [PMID: 37079238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) represent a serious problem for the environment and for this reason they have been studied in many articles, especially their presence in aquatic environments and soils. MPs have been found in wastewater and sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most part of the published works have focused on the detection and elimination of MPs in the water line and several reviews have been published in the last years. In addition, the application of sewage sludge produced from WWTPs for agricultural use is known to be a primary source of MPs in soils. However, in the scientific literature less attention has been paid to the sludge and little is known about MPs fate when it is applied in agriculture. This work aims to give a global revision on the most used techniques to identify and detect MPs in sludges, their characteristics and incidence, their effect on sludge treatments and their impact on the environment. As far as we know, there are no standardized protocols for MPs extraction from soil and the possible repercussions on the cultivation of plants are not known. This review evidences that more studies are necessary to stablished standardized protocols and decipher the main mechanisms and the effects of MPs from sewage sludge in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Casella
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel Sol
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana Laca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería S/N, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adeniji AO, Okaiyeto K, Mohammed JN, Mabaleha M, Tanor EB, George MJ. A mixed method assessment of research productivity on microplastics in various compartments in the environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37360561 PMCID: PMC10088809 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-023-04916-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic distribution and pollution as emerging contaminants have become a leading environmental issue globally, owing to their ecological and health implications on biota and humans. Although several bibliometric studies have been reported on microplastics, they are mostly restricted to selected environmental media. As a result, the present study aimed at assessing the literature growth trend of microplastics-related research and their distribution in the environment using a bibliometric approach. The Web of Science Core Collection was explored to retrieve published articles on microplastics from 2006 to 2021, and the data were analysed using the Biblioshiny package of RStudio. This study also highlighted filtration, separation, coagulation, membrane technology, flotation, bionanomaterials, bubble barrier devices, and sedimentation as MP remediation techniques. In the present study, a total of 1118 documents were collected from the literature search; the documents/author and authors/document were 0.308 and 3.25, respectively. A significant growth rate of 65.36% was recorded with notable progress between 2018 and 2021. China, the USA, Germany, the UK, and Italy recorded the highest number of publications within the period under consideration. A collaboration index of 3.32 was also relatively high, with the Netherlands, Malaysia, Iran, France, and Mexico having the highest MCP ratios, respectively. It is anticipated that findings from this study will help the policymakers in addressing issues concerning microplastic pollution assist the researchers in identifying areas to concentrate their studies, and where to seek collaboration in their future research plans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-023-04916-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. O. Adeniji
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Lesotho, P. O. Roma 180, Roma, Lesotho
| | - K. Okaiyeto
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7535 South Africa
| | - J. N. Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, P M B 11, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - M. Mabaleha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Lesotho, P. O. Roma 180, Roma, Lesotho
| | - E. B. Tanor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Lesotho, P. O. Roma 180, Roma, Lesotho
| | - M. J. George
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Lesotho, P. O. Roma 180, Roma, Lesotho
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pang R, Shao B, Chen Q, Shi H, Xie B, Soliman M, Tai J, Su Y. The co-occurrent microplastics and nano-CuO showed antagonistic inhibitory effects on bacterial denitrification: Interaction of pollutants and regulations on functional genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160892. [PMID: 36521594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The wide occurrence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoparticles resulted in their inevitable coexistence in environment. However, the joint effects of these two types of particulate emerging contaminants on denitrification have seldomly been investigated. Herein, non-biodegradable polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene and biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) MPs were chosen to perform the co-occurrent effects with nano copper oxide (nano-CuO). Both the nano-CuO and MPs inhibited the denitrification process, and biodegradable PHA-MPs showed severer inhibition than non-biodegradable MPs. However, the presence of MPs significantly alleviated the inhibition of nano-CuO, suggesting an antagonistic effect. Other than MPs decreasing copper ion release from nano-CuO, MPs and nano-CuO formed agglomerations and induced lower levels of oxidative stress compared to individual exposure. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the co-occurrent MPs and nano-CuO induced different regulation on denitrifying genes (e. g. nar and nor) compared to individual ones. Also, the expressions of genes involved in denitrification-associated metabolic pathways, including glycolysis and NADH electron transfer, were down-regulated by nano-CuO or MPs, but exhibiting recovery under the co-occurrent conditions. This study firstly discloses the antagonistic effect of nano-CuO and MPs on environmental process, and these findings will benefit the systematic evaluation of MPs environmental behavior and co-occurrent risk with other pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Pang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Boqun Shao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mostafa Soliman
- Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Agricultural Research Center, Central Laboratory of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Foods (QCAP Egypt), Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Jun Tai
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang B, Fan J, Li W, Lens PNL, Shi W. Low salinity enhances azo dyes degradation in aerobic granular sludge systems: Performance and mechanism analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128678. [PMID: 36706820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation performance of azo dyes can be enhanced under low salinity conditions, but the internal biodegradation mechanism is still unclear. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS), a salt-tolerant biological wastewater treatment technology, was used in this study to explore the enhancement mechanism of acid orange 7 (AO7) degradation at low salinity level (1.0 %). Results indicated that the AGS structure and reactor performance were almost unaffected by different AO7 concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Compared with salt-free conditions, the AO7 removal efficiency was elevated by 9.9 %-19.0 % at 1.0 % salinity level, owing to the enrichment of AO7 decolorizing bacteria (e.g. Acinetobacter) and functional enzymes (e.g. FMN-dependent azoreductase). The up-regulated genes involving in the key metabolic functions (e.g. carbon metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation) promoted the electron and energy production, thereby facilitating the AO7 decolorization and degradation. These results aid understanding of the enhancement mechanism of AO7 biodegradation under low salinity conditions from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Jiawei Fan
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Wenxin Shi
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu MJ, Guo HY, Gao J, Zhu KC, Guo L, Liu BS, Zhang N, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Characteristics of microplastic pollution in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) aquaculture areas and the relationship between colonized-microbiota on microplastics and intestinal microflora. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159180. [PMID: 36191704 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MPs) pollution is a global marine environmental problem. The effects of MPs on the gut microbiota of aquatic organisms have received considerable attention. For example, microbes colonizing MPs in pond cultures alter the structure and function of the intestinal microbes of shrimp and fish. It was hypothesized that bacteria on MPs in natural mariculture areas also interact with the intestinal flora of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) because biofilms can form on the surface of MPs during long-term floating in seawater. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate MPs pollution in T. ovatus aquaculture. DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis confirmed the effect of microbial colonization of MPs on the intestinal flora of T. ovatus. The MPs detected in the gut wet weight (w.w.) of golden pompano (546 ± 52 items/g) were mainly pellets and fragments of blue or green, whereas the sediment MPs dry weight (d.w.) (4765 ± 116 items/kg) were mainly black fibers. The MPs richness in the sediment gradually increased from the open-sea aquaculture area to the estuarine aquaculture area and was positively correlated with the MPs richness in the intestinal tract of golden pompano. MPs 20-200 μm were the most common in the gut and sediment. The intake of MPs increased the abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased that of Firmicutes in the intestinal flora. The functional compositions of MP-colonizing microbes and gut microbiota were similar, suggesting that the two communities influence each other. Network analysis further confirmed this and revealed that Vibrio plays a key role in the intestinal flora and surface microorganisms of MPs. Overall, the intake of MPs by aquatic animals not only affects the intestinal flora and intestinal microbial function, but also poses potential risks to aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jian Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong Province, China; College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Gao
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China; Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Sanya 572018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zheng X, Han Z, Shao X, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Lin T, Yang S, Zhou C. Response of aerobic granular sludge under polyethylene microplastics stress: Physicochemical properties, decontamination performance, and microbial community. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116215. [PMID: 36113287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are widely detected in sewage and sludge in wastewater treatment plants and can thereby influence biological processes. In this study, the overall impacts of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) and their toxicity mechanisms on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) were investigated. Particle structure, settling properties, particle size distribution, and extracellular polymeric substance characteristics of AGS were significantly affected by PE MPs with concentrations of 20 and 200 n/L. Increased relative contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (146.34% and 191.43%) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (185.71% and 316.67%) under PE MPs (20 and 200 n/L) exposure resulted in disruption of cellular structure. The activities of enzymes related to denitrification and phosphorus removal were greatly decreased, while ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) was stable, supporting the high efficiency removal of ammonia nitrogen. High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that the relative abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria (Nitrospira, Thermomonas, Flavobacterium), and PAOs (Comamonas and Rhodocyclus) were significantly reduced from 4.47%, 3.57%, 2.02%, 9.38%, and 5.45%-2.95%, 2.88%, 1.77%, 8.01%, and 4.86% as the concentration of PE MPs increased from 0 to 200 n/L, respectively. Those findings were consistent with the deterioration in decontamination capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Zongshuo Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Xiaoyao Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Zhilin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang YT, Wei W, Wang C, Ni BJ. Understanding and mitigating the distinctive stresses induced by diverse microplastics on anaerobic hydrogen-producing granular sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129771. [PMID: 36027748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work comparatively studied the different stress responses of anaerobic hydrogen-producing granular sludge (HPG) to several typical MPs in wastewater, i.e., polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MPs. A new approach to mitigating the inhibition caused by MPs based on biochar was then proposed. The results displayed that microbe in HPG had diverse tolerances to PE-MPs, PET-MPs and PVC-MPs, with the hydrogen production downgraded to 82.0 ± 3.2 %, 72.3 ± 2.5 % and 66.6 ± 2.3 % (p < 0.05) of control respectively, due to the distinct leachates toxicities and oxidative stress level induced by different MPs. The discrepant mitigation reflected in the hydrogen yields of biochar-based HPGs raised back to 88.7 ± 1.4 %, 85.3 ± 3.8 % and 88.5 ± 3.5 % of control. The MPs induced disintegrated granule morphology, fragile microbial viability and impaired defensive function of extracellular polymeric substances were restored by biochar. The effective mitigation was revealed to be due to the strong adsorption of MPs by biochar, reducing direct contact between microbes and MPs. Biochar addition also enhanced protection for HPG by increasing EPS secretion and weakened the oxidative damage to anaerobes induced by MPs. Biochar manifested the disparate adsorption properties of three MPs. The most superior mitigation in HPG contaminated by PVC-MPs was attributed to the strongest affinity of biochar to PVC-MPs and effective alleviation of PVC leachates toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu B, Luo J, Xu R, Fang F, Feng Q, Zhang T, Yang E, Cao J. Co-impacts of the microplastic polyamide and sertraline on the denitrification function and microbial community structure in SBRs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156928. [PMID: 35753462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The co-impacts of microplastics (MPs) and organic pollutants on activated sludge have attracted extensive attention. In this study, microplastic polyamide (PA) and sertraline (SER) were respectively or simultaneously added to sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), and the impacts of these pollutants on activated sludge were investigated. The results showed that NH4+-N and TN removal efficiencies significantly decreased with the simultaneous adding of the two pollutants. The coexistence of PA and SER could observably decrease the settling ability of activated sludge, and more proteins and polysaccharides were generated to reduce the combined toxicity. The microbial diversity, especially the denitrification microorganism, was restrained and the metabolic function and the key enzyme involved in nitrogen metabolism pathways were observably decreased, due to the combined toxicity of this two pollutants. Furthermore, the effective SER interception by PA in SBR could induce the SER enrichment in activated sludge and enhance the biotoxicity toward sludge microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boming Fu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Runze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Guohe Environmental Research Institute (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211599, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Guohe Environmental Research Institute (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211599, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - E Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Guohe Environmental Research Institute (Nanjing) Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211599, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang H, Quan H, Zhou S, Sun L, Lu H. Enhanced performance and electron transfer of sulfur-mediated biological process under polyethylene terephthalate microplastics exposure. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:119038. [PMID: 36067605 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in estuaries, coasts, sewage and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which could arouse unexpected effects on critical microbial processes in wastewater treatment. In this study, polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (PET-MPs) were selected to investigate the mechanism of its influence on the performance of sulfur-mediated biological process from the perspective of microbial metabolic activity, electron transfer capacity and microbial community. The results indicated that the exposure of 50 particles/L PET-MPs improved the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfate removal efficiencies by 6.6 ± 0.5% and 4.5 ± 0.3%, respectively, due to the stimulation of microbial metabolic activity and the enrichment of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) species, such as Desulfobacter. In addition, we found that the PET-MPs promoted Cytochrome C (Cyt C) production and improved the direct electron transfer (DET) capacity mediated by Cyt C. The long-term presence of PET-MPs stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), especially the proteins and humic substances, which have been verified to be electroactive polymers to act as electron shuttles to promote the interspecies electron transfer pathway in sulfur-mediated biological process. Meanwhile, the transformation products (bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) and Mono (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalic acid (MHET) of PET-MPs were detected in sulfur-mediated biological process. These findings indicate that the sulfur-mediated biological process has good adaptability to the toxicity of PET-MPs, which strengthens a deeper understanding of the dual function of microplastics in WWTPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518021, PR China
| | - Haoting Quan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zou J, Yang J, He H, Wang X, Mei R, Cai L, Li J. Effect of Seed Sludge Type on Aerobic Granulation, Pollutant Removal and Microbial Community in a Sequencing Batch Reactor Treating Real Textile Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10940. [PMID: 36078654 PMCID: PMC9518340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aerobic granulation, pollutant removal, and microbial community in real textile wastewater (TWW) treatment were compared using conventional activated sludge (CAS) and preformed aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in synthetic wastewater as seed in two reactors, reactor-1 (R1) and reactor-2 (R2), respectively. The results showed that complete granulation was achieved in R1 (sludge volume index at 5 min (SVI5) and 30 min (SVI30): 19.4 mL/g; granule size: 210 μm) within 65 days, while it only required 28 days in R2 (SVI5 and SVI30: 27.3 mL/g; granule size: 496 μm). The removal of COD, NH4+-N and TN in R1 (49.8%, 98.8%, and 41.6%) and R2 (53.6%, 96.9%, and 40.8%) were comparable in 100% real TWW treatment, but stable performance was achieved much faster in R2. The real TWW had an inhibitory effect on heterotrophic bacteria activity, but it had no inhibition on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria activity. AGS with a larger particle size had a higher microbial tolerance to real TWW. Furthermore, filamentous Thiothrix in the AGS in R2 disappeared when treating real TWW, leading to the improvement of sludge settleability. Thus, seeding preformed AGS is suggested as a rapid start-up method for a robust AGS system in treating real TWW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinte Zou
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hangtian He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rongwu Mei
- Eco-Environmental Science Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Song X, Sun S, Gao Y, Zhang W, Zhou L, B JC, Wan J, Chen J, Zhou L, Yu G. Laboratory-scale study of a biodegradable microplastic polylactic acid stabilizing aerobic granular sludge system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119329. [PMID: 35460814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microplastics on aerobic granular sludge technology are an emerging issue, although the impact of degradable microplastics (DMPs) on the aerobic granular system is still unexplored. In this study, degradable microplastic polylactic acid (DMP-PLA) was added at three concentrations (5, 15, 40 mg/L), which strengthened the granular stability and consequently stabilized pollutant removal compared to the control (without DMP-PLA). The experiment showed that adding DMP-PLA made cells secrete more extracellular polymeric substances [64.8 mg/g MLVSS (mixed liquor suspended solids)], particularly retaining β-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides in experimental group. In addition, abundant hydrogen bonds were also maintained. The reactor under the stress of DMP-PLA exhibited high pollutant removal efficiency (COD>88%, TP>91%, TIN>86%), indicating high performance of the microbes. Microbial analysis at the genus level indicated that Defuviicoccus and Candidatus_Competibacter were dominant after DMP-PLA addition, which identified denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms as beneficial for nitrogenous compound removal. Redundancy analysis showed that the abundance of Candidatus_Competibacter was positively related to the addition of DMP-PLA. This study demonstrated that DMP-PLA was feasibly employed in the aerobic granular water treatment process, and presents a new method to optimize the stability and extracellular secretion of the microbial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Shiquan Sun
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Lean Zhou
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Jiang C B
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Junli Wan
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| | - Guanlong Yu
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China; Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xi B, Wang B, Chen M, Lee X, Zhang X, Wang S, Yu Z, Wu P. Environmental behaviors and degradation methods of microplastics in different environmental media. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134354. [PMID: 35306053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, as a group of emerging contaminants, are widely present in environmental media and have the potential to endanger the ecological environment and human health. Due to the inconsistencies and difficulties inherent in the analysis of microplastic particles, global monitoring data on the distribution of microplastics in the environment are still far from sufficient. The fate and migration of microplastics in the environment are also uncertain. Therefore, there have been increasing reviews on the distribution, biological effects, migration, and health risks of microplastics. However, reports focusing on the degradation of microplastics are still rare. Understanding and commanding the environmental behavior of microplastics are of great significance to explore the treatment of microplastic pollution. Although some preliminary studies on microplastics have been carried out, there is still an urgent need to conduct a comprehensive study on environmental behaviors and degradation methods of microplastics in different environmental media. This article summarizes the recent advances on microplastics, basically includes the distribution and ecological impact of microplastics in soil and water environments, then elaborates the migration behavior and influencing factors of microplastics, and focuses on the research progress of microplastics degradation methods. On this basis, the problems existing in the current research and the future development directions have been proposed. This review could provide a more systematic reference for the development and research of microplastics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xi
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xinqing Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Zebin Yu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Panfeng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang S, Zhang B, Liu Y, Feng X, Shi W. Revealing the influencing mechanisms of polystyrene microplastics (MPs) on the performance and stability of the algal-bacterial granular sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127202. [PMID: 35460843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) is an energy-saving and environment-friendly wastewater treatment technology; however, the effects of microplastics (MPs) on the performance and stability of the ABGS system remain unknown. Herein, the influencing mechanisms of polystyrene MPs (50 μm) on the ABGS were systematically investigated. The ABGS exhibited a high removal efficiency of MPs (over 96%) at 1 mg/L and 20 mg/L. Although the biomass content, sludge settling and particle size were not obviously affected by MPs, the COD and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were inhibited by 2.6%-4.1% and 2.9%-5.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the structural stability of ABGS was damaged by MPs, owing to the excessive oxidative stress, low content of protein-like substance (especially tryptophan and tyrosine), and the large portion of loose protein secondary structure. Microbial community analysis revealed that the relative abundance of some functional bacteria (Candidatus_Competibacter and Rhodobacter) and algal species (Tetradesmus) were decreased under the MPs stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Huang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xueli Feng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang T, Jiang B, Xing Y, Ya H, Lv M, Wang X. Current status of microplastics pollution in the aquatic environment, interaction with other pollutants, and effects on aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16830-16859. [PMID: 35001283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, as emerging pollutants, have received great attention in the past few decades due to its adverse effects on the environment. Microplastics are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, soil, and water bodies, and mostly reported in aqueous environment. This paper summarizes the abundance and types of microplastics in different aqueous environments and discusses the interactions of microplastics with other contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), antibiotics, and heavy metals. The toxicity of microplastics to aquatic organisms and microorganisms is addressed. Particularly, the combined toxic effects of microplastics and other pollutants are discussed, demonstrating either synergetic or antagonistic effects. Future prospectives should be focused on the characterization of different types and shapes of microplastics, the standardization of microplastic units, exploring the interaction and toxicity of microplastics with other pollutants, and the degradation of microplastics, for a better understanding of the ecological risks of microplastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Site Remediation Technologies, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobo Ya
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Lv
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rozman U, Kalčíková G. Seeking for a perfect (non-spherical) microplastic particle - The most comprehensive review on microplastic laboratory research. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127529. [PMID: 34736190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, much attention has been paid to microplastic pollution, and research on microplastics has begun to grow exponentially. However, microplastics research still suffers from the lack of standardized protocols and methods for investigation of microplastics under laboratory conditions. Therefore, in this review, we summarize and critically discuss the results of 715 laboratory studies published on microplastics in the last five years to provide recommendations for future laboratory research. Analysis of the data revealed that the majority of microplastic particles used in laboratory studies are manufactured spheres of polystyrene ranging in size from 1 to 50 µm, that half of the studies did not characterize the particles used, and that a minority of studies used aged particles, investigated leaching of chemicals from microplastics, or used natural particles as a control. There is a large discrepancy between microplastics used in laboratory research and those found in the environment, and many laboratory studies suffer from a lack of environmental relevance and provide incomplete information on the microplastics used. We have summarized and discussed these issues and provided recommendations for future laboratory research on microplastics focusing on (i) microplastic selection, (ii) microplastic characterization, and (iii) test design of laboratory research on microplastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ula Rozman
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gabriela Kalčíková
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 113 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cui Y, Gao J, Zhang D, Li D, Dai H, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Responses of performance, antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities of partial nitrification system to polyamide microplastics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125767. [PMID: 34419884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyamide (PA), a prevalent microplastics (MPs), is often collected from wastewater treatment plants. However, the responses of partial nitrification system to PA MPs are unclear. The short-term and long-term effect of PA MPs on the partial nitrification system was slight, but the ammonia oxidation rate decreased slowly with the increase of PA MPs concentration. Meantime, the PA MPs addition could decrease the microbial diversity, alter microbial community structure of the system and facilitate the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including fabI, intI1 and Tn916/1545. Correlation analysis and network analysis indicated that Ferruginibacter, Hyphomicrobium, Terrimonas, Brevundimonas and Plasticicumulans in the system might be the dominant hosts of ARGs. In addition, oligotyping analysis indicated not all oligotypes of the relevant genus showed positive correlation with ARGs. In general, PA MPs had almost no effect on performance but altered community structure and increased ARGs spread risk of the partial nitrification system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingfeng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Da Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dingchang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huihui Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu RZ, Fang S, Zhang L, Huang W, Shao Q, Fang F, Feng Q, Cao J, Luo J. Distribution patterns of functional microbial community in anaerobic digesters under different operational circumstances: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125823. [PMID: 34454239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) processes are promising to effectively recover resources from organic wastes or wastewater. As a microbial-driven process, the functional anaerobic species played critical roles in AD. However, the lack of effective understanding of the correlations of varying microbial communities with different operational factors hinders the microbial regulation to improve the AD performance. In this paper, the main anaerobic functional microorganisms involved in different stages of AD processes were first demonstrated. Then, the response of anaerobic microbial community to different operating parameters, exogenous interfering substances and digestion substrates, as well as the digestion efficiency, were discussed. Finally, the research gaps and future directions on the understanding of functional microorganisms in AD were proposed. This review provides insightful knowledge of distribution patterns of functional microbial community in anaerobic digesters, and gives critical guidance to regulate and enrich specific functional microorganisms to accumulate certain AD products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qianqi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
González-Pleiter M, Velázquez D, Casero MC, Tytgat B, Verleyen E, Leganés F, Rosal R, Quesada A, Fernández-Piñas F. Microbial colonizers of microplastics in an Arctic freshwater lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148640. [PMID: 34246139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been found everywhere as they are easily transported between environmental compartments. Through their transport, MPs are quickly colonized by microorganisms; this microbial community is known as the plastisphere. Here, we characterized the plastisphere of three MPs, one biodegradable (PHB) and two non-biodegradables (HDPE and LDPE), deployed in an Arctic freshwater lake for eleven days. The plastisphere was found to be complex, confirming that about a third of microbial colonizers were viable. Plastisphere was compared to microbial communities on the surrounding water and microbial mats on rocks at the bottom of the lake. Microbial mats followed by MPs showed the highest diversity regarding both prokaryotes and eukaryotes as compared to water samples; however, for fungi, MPs showed the highest diversity of the tested substrates. Significant differences on microbial assemblages on the three tested substrates were found; regarding microbial assemblages on MPs, bacterial genera found in polar environments such as Mycoplana, Erythromicrobium and Rhodoferax with species able to metabolize recalcitrant chemicals were abundant. Eukaryotic communities on MPs were characterized by the presence of ciliates of the genera Stentor, Vorticella and Uroleptus and the algae Cryptomonas, Chlamydomonas, Tetraselmis and Epipyxis. These ciliates normally feed on algae so that the complexity of these assemblages may serve to unravel trophic relationships between co-existing taxa. Regarding fungal communities on MPs, the most abundant genera were Betamyces, Cryptococcus, Arrhenia and Paranamyces. MPs, particularly HDPE, were enriched in the sulI and ermB antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) which may raise concerns about human health-related issues as ARGs may be transferred horizontally between bacteria. This study highlights the importance of proper waste management and clean-up protocols to protect the environmental health of pristine environments such as polar regions in a context of global dissemination of MPs which may co-transport microorganisms, some of them including ARGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel González-Pleiter
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Velázquez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cristina Casero
- Departamento de Biogeoquímica y Ecología Microbiana, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bjorn Tytgat
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elie Verleyen
- Laboratory of Protistology & Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Quesada
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao L, Su C, Wang A, Wang P, Chen Z, Huang X, Chen M. Evaluation of biochar addition and circulation control strengthening measures on efficiency and microecology of food waste treatment in anaerobic reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113215. [PMID: 34280858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The process of strengthening an expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor under ammonia nitrogen stress conditions and by adopting three strengthening measures, namely, opening the circulation (OC), adding modified biochar (MB), adding modified biochar along with opening the circulation (MBOC), to treat food waste was studied. When the ammonia nitrogen concentration of influent increased to 1200 mg/L, the removal rate of COD reduced to about 75%, while the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was about 6%. The average COD removal rate of the anaerobic reactor in the last 5 days of each operating cycle i.e. OC, MB and MBOC, was 85.51%, 84.11% and 90.03%, respectively. At the 30th day of each treatment-OC, MB and MBOC, the protease content in the sludge was 44.61, 42.47, 46.24 NH2-N (mg)/mg, respectively. and the content of coenzyme F420 was 0.244, 0.217 and 0.267 mmol/g, respectively. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the stage I (OC), reaching 34.36%. It was accounted for 16.68% and 21.38%, respectively, in the stage II (MB) and stage III (MBOC). The dominant archaea in the three stages were Methanosaeta, whose abundance was 38.98% in stage I, which increased to 64.94% and 64.01% in stage II and III, respectively. Among the active carbohydrate enzymes, the gene abundance of Glycoside transferases in the MBOC stage was the largest among the three stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Chengyuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China; University Key Laboratory of Karst Ecology and Environmental Change of Guangxi Province (Guangxi Normal University), 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Anliu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Zhuxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Xian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Golgoli M, Khiadani M, Shafieian A, Sen TK, Hartanto Y, Johns ML, Zargar M. Microplastics fouling and interaction with polymeric membranes: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131185. [PMID: 34144295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in various aquatic environments have recently raised significant concerns. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as one of the major sources of MPs discharge to the environment, implying a substantial need to improve advanced techniques for more efficient removal of MPs. Polymeric membranes have been proven effective in MPs removal. However, fouling is the main drawback of membrane processes and MPs can foul the membranes due to their small size and specific surface properties. Hence, it is important to investigate the impacts of MPs on membrane fouling to develop efficient membrane-based techniques for MPs removal. Although membrane technologies have a high potential for MPs removal, the interaction of MPs with membranes and their fouling effects have not been critically reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review of MPs interaction with membranes and facilitate a better understanding of the relevant limitations and prospects of the membrane technologies. The first section of this paper is dedicated to a review of recent studies on MPs occurrence in WWTPs aiming to determine the most frequent MPs. This is followed by a summary of recent studies on MPs removal using membranes and discussions on the impact of MPs on membrane fouling and other probable issues (abrasion, concentration polarisation, biofouling, etc.). Finally, some recommendations for further research in this area are highlighted. This study serves as a valuable reference for future research on the development of anti-fouling membranes considering these new emerging contaminates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Golgoli
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - M Khiadani
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - A Shafieian
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - T K Sen
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Y Hartanto
- Materials and Process Engineering (iMMC-IMAP), UC Louvain, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M L Johns
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - M Zargar
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Agathokleous E, Iavicoli I, Barceló D, Calabrese EJ. Ecological risks in a 'plastic' world: A threat to biological diversity? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126035. [PMID: 33992919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution is predicted to increase in the coming decades, raising concerns about its effects on living organisms. Although the effects of microplastics on individual organisms have been extensively studied, the effects on communities, biological diversity, and ecosystems remain underexplored. This paper reviews the published literature concerning how microplastics affect communities, biological diversity, and ecosystem processes. Microplastics increase the abundance of some taxa but decrease the abundance of some other taxa, indicating trade-offs among taxa and altered microbial community composition in both the natural environment and animals' gut. The alteration of community composition by microplastics is highly conserved across taxonomic ranks, while the alpha diversity of microbiota is often reduced or increased, depending on the microplastics dose and environmental conditions, suggesting potential threats to biodiversity. Biogeochemical cycles, greenhouse gas fluxes, and atmospheric chemistry, can also be altered by microplastics pollution. These findings suggest that microplastics may impact the U.N. Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) to improve atmospheric, soil, and water quality and sustaining biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA-CERCA, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bhatt P, Pathak VM, Bagheri AR, Bilal M. Microplastic contaminants in the aqueous environment, fate, toxicity consequences, and remediation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111762. [PMID: 34310963 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic is a fragmented plastic part that emerges as a potential marine and terrestrial contaminant. The microplastic wastes in marine and soil environments cause severe problems in living systems. Microplastic wastes have been linked to various health problems, including reproductive harm and obesity, plus issues such as organ problems and developmental delays in children. Recycling plastic/microplastics from the environment is very low, so remediating these polymers after their utilization is of paramount concern. The microplastic causes severe toxic effects and contaminates the environment. Microplastic affects marine life, microorganism in soil, soil enzymes, plants system, and physicochemical properties. Ecotoxicology of the microplastic raised many questions about its use and development from the environment. Various physicochemical and microbial technologies have been developed for their remediation from the environment. The microplastic effects are linked with its concentration, size, and shape in contaminated environments. Microplastic is able to sorb the inorganic and organic contaminants and affect their fate into the contaminated sites. Microbial technology is considered safer for the remediation of the microplastics via its unique metabolic machinery. Bioplastic is regarded as safer and eco-friendly as compared to plastics. The review article explored an in-depth understanding of the microplastic, its fate, toxicity to the environment, and robust remediation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingman Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Vinay Mohan Pathak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India
| | | | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jiang Y, Shi X, Ng HY. Aerobic granular sludge systems for treating hypersaline pharmaceutical wastewater: Start-up, long-term performances and metabolic function. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125229. [PMID: 33951865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex organics, residue pharmaceuticals and high salinity in pharmaceutical wastewater pose great challenges to biological wastewater treatment. In this study, granular sludge process was used for treating pharmaceutical wastewater because of its high pollutant removal efficiency. The results suggested that granules could not form within 90-d cultivation when directly fed with target hypersaline pharmaceutical wastewater (RP) due to suppression of EPS secretion by high concentration of inhibitory organics, while granules were successfully developed with hypersaline synthetic wastewater (RS) and diluted pharmaceutical wastewater (RD), respectively. Further comparison of pollutant removal performance from target pharmaceutical wastewater showed that simultaneous removal of organics (effluent bCOD<1 mg L-1) and nitrogen (average TN removal efficiency of 70.3%) could be achieved in RD. Nevertheless, long acclimation period (i.e., 20 d) was needed for granules when carbon source was shifted from simple sodium acetate to complex organic pollutants in pharmaceutical wastewater, with nitrite significantly accumulated in RS. Analysis of microbial community and nitrogen metabolism pathway indicated the higher abundance of nitrite oxidoreductase than that in the RS to alleviate nitrite accumulation in the RD, and functional strains such as Paracoccus and Mycobacterium played critical roles for high efficiency of organic degradation, nitrification and denitrification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - How Yong Ng
- Centre for Water Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhong H, Yang S, Zhu L, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Effect of microplastics in sludge impacts on the vermicomposting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124777. [PMID: 33540214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of microplastics (MPs) particles in vermicomposting, polyethylene (PE) particles added into sludge. Results showed that the vermicomposting with high MPs addition obtained lower removal efficiencies for organics than the vermicomposting with low MPs addition. The content of DOC and NH4+-N in M4 reactor (with the highest MPs addition) at 80 days was 8.4 mg/kg and 74.2 mg/kg, respectively. The pH, C/N, electrical conductivity (EC), and germination index (GI) results showed that the addition amount of MPs was directly proportional to the negative effect of composting. The negative effect mainly occurred after 20 days of composting. High MPs addition resulted in apparent oxidative stress and neurotoxicity on earthworm, the values of catalase (CAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in M4 reactor increased by 2.03 times and 1.60 times. The bacteria in M4 were more barren and lower in terms of diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhong
- Laboratory of Water Supply and Drainage Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, PR China.
| | - Sen Yang
- Laboratory of Water Supply and Drainage Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- Laboratory of Water Supply and Drainage Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Water Supply and Drainage Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| | - Yaozong Zhang
- Laboratory of Water Supply and Drainage Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wu M, Tang W, Wu S, Liu H, Yang C. Fate and effects of microplastics in wastewater treatment processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143902. [PMID: 33316531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have garnered growing attention of researchers, as they are proved to be hazardous to the environment and humans. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are deemed as an important releasing source of MPs to the environment, and thus it is of significance to study the behavior of MPs in WWTPs. In this review, the fate of MPs in WWTPs and their effects on different wastewater treatment processes have been comprehensively discussed. Studies have shown that the secondary treatment is the most efficient process to remove MPs from wastewaters with a removal rate around 98%. The presence of MPs can increase reagent addition dosage, inhibit nitrogen conversion rate, and cause membrane fouling in wastewater treatment processes. Besides, the influences of MPs on activated sludge mainly exert on nitrification and denitrification processes, sludge digestion, and microbial communities. However, it is worth noting that different methods have been employed to determine the concentrations of MPs in WWTPs. As a result, the removal performance on MPs in WWTPs is difficult to be accurately assessed. Moreover, complicated interaction among MPs and other environmental pollutants may expand the impacts of MPs on wastewater treatment processes, which still remains insufficiently investigated. Therefore, this review has also proposed some knowledge gaps existing in present MP studies in WWTPs, and would provide reference to alleviate the adverse effects of MPs for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Wenchang Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China.
| | - Hongyu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Hunan Province Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pittura L, Foglia A, Akyol Ç, Cipolletta G, Benedetti M, Regoli F, Eusebi AL, Sabbatini S, Tseng LY, Katsou E, Gorbi S, Fatone F. Microplastics in real wastewater treatment schemes: Comparative assessment and relevant inhibition effects on anaerobic processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128415. [PMID: 33182128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, fate and removal of microplastics (MPs) in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Central Italy were investigated together with their potential adverse effects on anaerobic processes. In the influent of the WWTP, 3.6 MPs.L-1 were detected that mostly comprised polyester fibers and particles in the shape of films, ranging 0.1-0.5 mm and made of polyethylene and polypropylene (PP). The full-scale conventional activated sludge scheme removed 86% of MPs, with the main reduction in the primary and secondary settling. MPs particles bigger than 1 mm were not detected in the final effluent and some loss of polymers types were observed. In comparison, the pilot-scale upflow granular anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) + anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) configuration achieved 94% MPs removal with the abatement of 87% of fibers and 100% of particles. The results highlighted an accumulation phenomenon of MPs in the sludge and suggested the need to further investigate the effects of MPs on anaerobic processes. Accordingly, PP-MPs at concentrations from 5 PP-MPs.gTS-1 to 50 PP-MPs.gTS-1 were spiked in the pilot-scale UASB reactor that was fed with real municipal wastewater, where up to 58% decrease in methanogenic activity was observed at the exposure of 50 PP-MPs.gTS-1. To the best of our knowledge, the presented results are the first to report of PP-MPs inhibition on anaerobic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pittura
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessia Foglia
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Çağrı Akyol
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giulia Cipolletta
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Eusebi
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Sabbatini
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Linda Y Tseng
- Department of Environmental Studies and Physics, Colgate University, 13346 New York, United States
| | - Evina Katsou
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Middlesex, UB8 3PH Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fatone
- Department of Science and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urban Planning-SIMAU, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang J, Zhao M, Li C, Miao H, Huang Z, Dai X, Ruan W. Evaluation the impact of polystyrene micro and nanoplastics on the methane generation by anaerobic digestion. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111095. [PMID: 32827962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread existence of microplastics in wastewater has caused great concern. As the exposure time of microplastics in the environment increases, the microplastic leaching solution (i.e.,chemical additives) may be released into the environment causing toxic effects. In this study, the effect of polystyrene (PS) microplastics on the anaerobic digestion system was investigated. The results showed that the exposure to 80 nm and 5 μm polystyrene microplastics with the concentrations of 0.2 g/L or lower did not significantly affect the cumulative methane production (P ≥ 0.05). On the other hand, 80 nm and 5 μm PS microplastic level of 0.25 g/L led to a decrease in methane production by 19.3% (P = 2 × 10-5) and 17.9% (P = 4 × 10-5), respectively. The 80 nm PS nanoplastics therefore had slightly higher inhibition capacity on methane production than 5 μm PS microplastics. The pH of all groups remained stable at 6.7-7.5. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration and ammonium-nitrogen concentration had no obvious relationship to PS micro and nanoplastics addition. Further investigation showed that PS micro and nanoplastics concentration of 0.25 g/L or higher could inhibit acidification and methanation stage of anaerobic digestion. However, the main negative influence of PS micro and nanoplastics on methane production was due to the severe inhibition on the methanization stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mingxing Zhao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Hunan BISEN Environmental & Energy Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Hengfeng Miao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenquan Ruan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|