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Sun X, Filgueira R, Wang N, Guyondet T, Dong J, Zhang X. Assessing shellfish farming-mediated benthic impacts based on organic carbon flux simulation and composition of macrofaunal community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160598. [PMID: 36455725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine benthic environments serve as the ultimate sink for sediment organic matter (SOM), but shellfish farming can potentially disturb the natural sink of seston, altering ecosystem functioning. Understanding the potential disturbance of a shellfish farm and its ecological effects is therefore important for a responsible management of shellfish-mediated marine ecosystem. In this study, the variations in benthic organic carbon flux of a bottom-based Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) farm in Laizhou Bay, China were estimated by using a carbon flux model coupled with hydrodynamic and individual growth models. SOM and macrofaunal community were monitored for 3 years to investigate their changes to the carbon fluxes. Model simulations illustrated that the carbon flux in an area of 247 km2 was altered due to seston depletion and biodeposition, which caused decrease and increase in SOM in different areas, respectively. Cluster analysis based on taxonomic composition of macrofaunal community divided the sites into four groups, which corresponded with predicted changes of carbon flux. Increased carbon flux caused higher disturbance level (indicated by AMBI) to the macrofaunal community but increased species richness, abundance, and Shannon-Wiener index, suggesting the community was both disturbed and benefited from clam farming. This study confirmed that the benthic organic carbon flux is a key factor causing differences in SOM and macrofaunal community outside the farm, and thus can be used as an efficient method for estimating the benthic impacts of shellfish farming both in and outside the farming area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 1R2, Canada
| | - Ramón Filgueira
- Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax B3H 1R2, Canada
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Thomas Guyondet
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Science Branch, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada
| | - Jianyu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Parent MI, Stryhn H, Hammell KL, Fast MD, Grant J, Vanderstichel R. Estimating the dispersal of Lepeophtheirus salmonis sea lice within and among Atlantic salmon sites of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1971-1984. [PMID: 34411315 PMCID: PMC9291781 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of infestation pressures on the abundance of the parasitic sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick (NB), Canada, using the Fish-iTrends database for the years 2009-2018. Infestation pressures were calculated as time-lagged weighted averages of the abundance of adult female (AF) sea lice within a site (internal infestation pressure: IIP) and among sites (external infestation pressure: EIP). The EIP weights were calculated from seaway distances among sites and a Gaussian kernel density for bandwidths of 5 to 60 km. The EIP with a bandwidth of 10 km had the best fit, as determined with Akaike's information criterion, and historical AF sea lice abundance. This estimated dispersal distance of 10 km was similar to previous studies in Norway, Scotland and in New Brunswick. The infestation pressures estimated from empirical AF sea lice abundance within and among sites significantly increased the abundance of AF sea lice (p < .001). This study concludes that sea lice burdens within Atlantic salmon farms in the Bay of Fundy, NB, are affected by within site management and could be improved by synchronizing treatments between sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne I. Parent
- Department of Health ManagementAtlantic Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPEICanada
| | - Henrik Stryhn
- Department of Health ManagementAtlantic Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPEICanada
| | - K. Larry Hammell
- Department of Health ManagementAtlantic Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPEICanada
| | - Mark D. Fast
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyAVCUPEICharlottetownPEICanada
| | - Jon Grant
- Department of OceanographyLife Sciences CentreDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNSCanada
| | - Raphaël Vanderstichel
- Department of Health ManagementAtlantic Veterinary CollegeUniversity of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPEICanada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineLong Island UniversityBrookvilleNYUSA
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Lavaud R, Guyondet T, Filgueira R, Tremblay R, Comeau LA. Modelling bivalve culture - Eutrophication interactions in shallow coastal ecosystems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111282. [PMID: 32658665 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the carrying capacity of ecosystems is crucial to the selection of suitable and sustainable locations for aquaculture farms. In Malpeque Bay (PEI, Canada), the potential expansion of mussel farms has driven a series of numerical modelling studies. We coupled sub-models for sea lettuce, wild and cultured oysters and wild softshell clams to an existing ecosystem model to better understand nutrient dynamics and the carrying capacity of Malpeque Bay. Simulations suggested that competition for nutrients between phytoplankton and sea lettuce and filtration by cultured bivalves predominantly mitigate eutrophication effects. The addition of sea lettuce reduced mussel growth by 2% on average and up to 9% near eutrophic estuaries favouring macroalgae growth. Projected new mussel farms reduced current mussel growth by 2% also, suggesting that the carrying capacity of the bay may not be reached yet. Both current and projected aquaculture activities seemed to have limited effects on natural bivalve growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Lavaud
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Center, Moncton, NB, Canada; Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
| | - Thomas Guyondet
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Center, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Ramón Filgueira
- Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Luc A Comeau
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Center, Moncton, NB, Canada
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Jiang T, Chen F, Yu Z, Lu L, Wang Z. Size-dependent depletion and community disturbance of phytoplankton under intensive oyster mariculture based on HPLC pigment analysis in Daya Bay, South China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:804-814. [PMID: 27491971 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a 14-month investigation in Daya Bay, southern China to understand the effects of oyster farming on phytoplankton community and biomass by using size-fractionated phytopigments. Results proved the filtering effects of oysters on phytoplankton biomass. During the oyster culture period, the average concentration of total chlorophyll a (sum of size-fractionated Chl a) within the farming area was approximately 60% lower than that at the reference site. Phytoplankton depletion in the aquaculture zone mainly occurred in micro-sized fractions (>20 μm) of Chl a, fucoxanthin, and peridinin. The influence of oyster filtration on nano-sized (2.7-20 μm) pigments seemed less than that on micro-sized ones. The depletion of peridinin and 19'-hex-fucoxanthin in aquaculture zone was higher than those of the other pigments, which indicated that flagellated cells might be selectively filtered by oysters and could be more easily influenced by oyster aquaculture. The pico-sized Chl a (<2.7 μm) comprised 24% of total Chl a on the average in the aquaculture zone during the cultural period compared to 6% in the reference site. Picoeukaryote abundance, which was determined via flow cytometry, was significantly higher in the aquaculture zone than in the non-aquaculture areas. The abundance of picoeukaryote is significantly and positively correlated with the concentrations of pico-sized prasinoxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin, indicating that picoeukaryote is dominated by those in prasinophyte. The results suggest that oyster aquaculture might stimulate the growth of prasinophyte, although the seasonal variations are mainly controlled by the water temperature in the study area. This research highlights the successful use of size-fractionated phytopigments to estimate size-specific phytoplankton biomass and community, which can be applied as a routine method to monitor the environmental effect and food resources of bivalve aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zonghe Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Broszeit S, Hattam C, Beaumont N. Bioremediation of waste under ocean acidification: Reviewing the role of Mytilus edulis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 103:5-14. [PMID: 26778338 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste bioremediation is a key regulating ecosystem service, removing wastes from ecosystems through storage, burial and recycling. The bivalve Mytilus edulis is an important contributor to this service, and is used in managing eutrophic waters. Studies show that they are affected by changes in pH due to ocean acidification, reducing their growth. This is forecasted to lead to reductions in M. edulis biomass of up to 50% by 2100. Growth reduction will negatively affect the filtering capacity of each individual, potentially leading to a decrease in bioremediation of waste. This paper critically reviews the current state of knowledge of bioremediation of waste carried out by M. edulis, and the current knowledge of the resultant effect of ocean acidification on this key service. We show that the effects of ocean acidification on waste bioremediation could be a major issue and pave the way for empirical studies of the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Broszeit
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
| | - Caroline Hattam
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Nicola Beaumont
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
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Filgueira R, Guyondet T, Bacher C, Comeau LA. Informing Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) with numerical modelling: A case-study on shellfish aquaculture in Malpeque Bay (Eastern Canada). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:200-216. [PMID: 26371845 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A moratorium on further bivalve leasing was established in 1999-2000 in Prince Edward Island (Canada). Recently, a marine spatial planning process was initiated explore potential mussel culture expansion in Malpeque Bay. This study focuses on the effects of a projected expansion scenario on productivity of existing leases and available suspended food resources. The aim is to provide a robust scientific assessment using available datasets and three modelling approaches ranging in complexity: (1) a connectivity analysis among culture areas; (2) a scenario analysis of organic seston dynamics based on a simplified biogeochemical model; and (3) a scenario analysis of phytoplankton dynamics based on an ecosystem model. These complementary approaches suggest (1) new leases can affect existing culture both through direct connectivity and through bay-scale effects driven by the overall increase in mussel biomass, and (2) a net reduction of phytoplankton within the bounds of its natural variation in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Filgueira
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Science Branch, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada.
| | - Thomas Guyondet
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Science Branch, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada
| | - Cédric Bacher
- French Institute for Sea Research (IFREMER), BP70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Luc A Comeau
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Gulf Fisheries Centre, Science Branch, P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada
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Filgueira R, Grant J, Strand Ø. Implementation of marine spatial planning in shellfish aquaculture management: modeling studies in a Norwegian fjord. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2014; 24:832-843. [PMID: 24988780 DOI: 10.1890/13-0479.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish carrying capacity is determined by the interaction of a cultured species with its ecosystem, which is strongly influenced by hydrodynamics. Water circulation controls the exchange of matter between farms and the adjacent areas, which in turn establishes the nutrient supply that supports phytoplankton populations. The complexity of water circulation makes necessary the use of hydrodynamic models with detailed spatial resolution in carrying capacity estimations. This detailed spatial resolution also allows for the study of processes that depend on specific spatial arrangements, e.g., the most suitable location to place farms, which is crucial for marine spatial planning, and consequently for decision support systems. In the present study, a fully spatial physical-biogeochemical model has been combined with scenario building and optimization techniques as a proof of concept of the use of ecosystem modeling as an objective tool to inform marine spatial planning. The object of this exercise was to generate objective knowledge based on an ecosystem approach to establish new mussel aquaculture areas in a Norwegian fjord. Scenario building was used to determine the best location of a pump that can be used to bring nutrient-rich deep waters to the euphotic layer, increasing primary production, and consequently, carrying capacity for mussel cultivation. In addition, an optimization tool, parameter estimation (PEST), was applied to the optimal location and mussel standing stock biomass that maximize production, according to a preestablished carrying capacity criterion. Optimization tools allow us to make rational and transparent decisions to solve a well-defined question, decisions that are essential for policy makers. The outcomes of combining ecosystem models with scenario building and optimization facilitate planning based on an ecosystem approach, highlighting the capabilities of ecosystem modeling as a tool for marine spatial planning.
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Larsen J, Mohn C, Timmermann K. A novel model approach to bridge the gap between box models and classic 3D models in estuarine systems. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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