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Curasi SR, Fetcher N, Wright KS, Weldon DP, Rocha AV. Insights into the tussock growth form with model-data fusion. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:562-575. [PMID: 36653954 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Some rhizomatous grass and sedge species form tussocks that impact ecosystem structure and function. Despite their importance, tussock development and size controls are poorly understood due to the decadal to centennial timescales over which tussocks form. We explored mechanisms regulating tussock development and size in a ubiquitous arctic tussock sedge (Eriophorum vaginatum) using field observations and a mass balance model coupled with a tiller population model. Model-data fusion was used to quantify parameter and prediction uncertainty, determine model sensitivity, and test hypotheses on the factors regulating tussock size. The model accurately captured the dynamics of tussock development, characteristics, and size observed in the field. Tussock growth approached maximal size within several decades, which was determined by feedbacks between the mass balance of tussock root necromass and density-dependent tillering. The model also predicted that maximal tussock size was primarily regulated by tiller root productivity and necromass bulk density and less so by tiller demography. These predictions were corroborated by field observations of tussock biomass and root characteristics. The study highlights the importance of belowground processes in regulating tussock development and size and enhances our understanding of the influence of tussocks on arctic ecosystem structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore R Curasi
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Ned Fetcher
- Institute for Environmental Science and Sustainability, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, 18766, USA
| | - Kelseyann S Wright
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Daniel P Weldon
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Adrian V Rocha
- Department of Biology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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2
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Zubkova EV, Frolov PV, Bykhovets SS, Nadporozhskaya MA, Frolova GG. Bilberry and Lingonberry Cenopopulation Mosaic Structures and Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Southern Moscow Region Pine Stands. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s199542552207023x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Reijers VC, Hoeks S, van Belzen J, Siteur K, de Rond AJA, van de Ven CN, Lammers C, van de Koppel J, van der Heide T. Sediment availability provokes a shift from Brownian to Lévy-like clonal expansion in a dune building grass. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:258-268. [PMID: 33179408 PMCID: PMC7839770 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In biogeomorphic landscapes, plant traits can steer landscape development through plant-mediated feedback interactions. Interspecific differences in clonal expansion strategy can therefore lead to the emergence of different landscape organisations. Yet, whether landscape-forming plants adopt different clonal expansion strategies depending on their physical environment remains to be tested. Here, we use a field survey and a complementary mesocosm approach to investigate whether sediment deposition affects the clonal expansion strategy employed by dune-building marram grass individuals. Our results reveal a consistent shift in expansion pattern from more clumped, Brownian-like, movement in sediment-poor conditions, to patchier, Lévy-like, movement under high sediment supply rates. Additional model simulations illustrate that the sediment-dependent shift in movement strategies induces a shift in optimisation of the cost-benefit relation between landscape engineering (i.e. dune formation) and expansion. Plasticity in expansion strategy may therefore allow landscape-forming plants to optimise their engineering ability depending on their physical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie C. Reijers
- Department of Coastal SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityP.O. Box 59Den Burg1790 ABthe Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental BiologyFaculty of ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityP.O. Box 9010Nijmegen6500 GLThe Netherlands
- Department of Physical GeographyFaculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3508 TCthe Netherlands
| | - Selwyn Hoeks
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental BiologyFaculty of ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityP.O. Box 9010Nijmegen6500 GLThe Netherlands
- Department of Environmental ScienceFaculty of ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 135Nijmegen6525 AJthe Netherlands
| | - Jim van Belzen
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityYerseke4401 NTthe Netherlands
| | - Koen Siteur
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityYerseke4401 NTthe Netherlands
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration & Center for Global Change and Ecological ForecastingSchool of Ecological and Environmental ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China
| | - Anne J. A. de Rond
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental BiologyFaculty of ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityP.O. Box 9010Nijmegen6500 GLThe Netherlands
| | - Clea N. van de Ven
- Department of Coastal SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityP.O. Box 59Den Burg1790 ABthe Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Lammers
- Department of Coastal SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityP.O. Box 59Den Burg1790 ABthe Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental BiologyFaculty of ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityP.O. Box 9010Nijmegen6500 GLThe Netherlands
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityYerseke4401 NTthe Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningen9700 CCthe Netherlands
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department of Coastal SystemsRoyal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht UniversityP.O. Box 59Den Burg1790 ABthe Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental BiologyFaculty of ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityP.O. Box 9010Nijmegen6500 GLThe Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningen9700 CCthe Netherlands
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Wang P, Alpert P, Yu FH. Physiological integration can increase competitive ability in clonal plants if competition is patchy. Oecologia 2021; 195:199-212. [PMID: 33394130 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Physiological integration of connected plants of the same clone, or ramets, often increases clonal fitness when ramets differ in resource supply. However, review of the literature found that no study has directly tested the hypothesis that integration can increase the ability of clones to compete against other species. To test this, we grew two-ramet clonal fragments of the stoloniferous, perennial herb Fragaria chiloensis in which none, one, or both of the ramets had neighbors of a naturally co-occurring, dominant grass, Bromus carinatus, and connections between ramets were either severed to prevent integration or left intact. We also grew four-ramet fragments in which all ramets had neighbors and connections were severed or intact. Severance decreased the final leaf mass and area of two-ramet fragments by 25% and their final total mass by 15% when just one ramet was grown with B. carinatus. Severance had no significant effect on the total mass of fragments when none or all of the ramets were grown with the grass. This provides the first direct evidence that physiological integration can increase the competitive ability of clonal plant species, though only when competition is spatially heterogeneous. Integration may thus enable plant clones to grow into plant communities and to compete within communities with fine-scale disturbance. However, integration may not increase the competitive ability of clonal plants within uniformly dense communities of taller species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forest University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Peter Alpert
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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Martin FM, Dommanget F, Lavallée F, Evette A. Clonal growth strategies of Reynoutria japonica in response to light, shade, and mowing, and perspectives for management. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.56.47511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many of the most invasive plant species in the world can propagate clonally, suggesting clonality offers advantages that facilitate invasion. Gaining insights into the clonal growth dynamics of invasive plants should thus improve understanding of the mechanisms of their dominance, resilience and expansion. Belonging to the shortlist of the most problematic terrestrial invaders, Reynoutria japonica var. japonica Houtt. (Japanese knotweed) has colonized all five continents, likely facilitated by its impressive ability to propagate vegetatively. However, its clonal growth patterns are surprisingly understudied; we still do not know how individuals respond to key environmental conditions, including light availability and disturbance. To contribute to filling this knowledge gap, we designed a mesocosm experiment to observe the morphological variation in R. japonica growth in homogeneous or heterogeneous conditions of light stress (shade) and disturbance (mowing). Rhizome fragments were planted in the middle of large pots between two habitat patches that consisted of either one or a combination of the following three environmental conditions: full light without mowing, full light with frequent mowing, or shade without mowing. At the end of the experiment, biomass and traits related to clonal growth (spacer and rhizome lengths, number of rhizome branches, and number of ramets) were measured. After 14 months, all individuals had survived, even those frequently mowed or growing under heavy shade. We showed that R. japonica adopts a ‘phalanx’ growth form when growing in full light and a ‘guerrilla’ form when entirely shaded. The former is characteristic of a space-occupancy strategy while the latter is more associated with a foraging strategy. In heterogeneous conditions, we also showed that clones seemed to invest preferentially more in favorable habitat patches rather than in unfavorable ones (mowed or shaded), possibly exhibiting an escape strategy. These observations could improve the management of this species, specifically by illustrating how aggressive early control measures must be, by highlighting the importance of repeated mowing of entire stands, as this plant appears to compensate readily to partial mowing, and by informing on its potential responses towards the restoration of a cover of competitive native plants.
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Ruiz-Reynés D, Gomila D. Distribution of growth directions in meadows of clonal plants. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:052208. [PMID: 31870011 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.052208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clonal growth plants are abundant in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Some marine species are particularly important since they provide essential ecosystem services in the shores of all continents except Antarctica. For the appropriate modelization of clonal growth the discretization of the growth direction angle has to be carefully treated to correctly describe the dynamics of the meadow. Specifically, determining the minimum number of growth directions is important to maximize the efficiency of numerical simulations. We show that the presence of neutral modes in the growth direction angle tends to make the distribution of the growth directions uniform in the presence of noise, allowing us to choose the minimal number of discrete angles compatible with the branching. We also show that the formation of spatial patterns induces small differences in the population density within these different growth directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ruiz-Reynés
- IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D Gomila
- IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Oborny B. The plant body as a network of semi-autonomous agents: a review. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180371. [PMID: 31006361 PMCID: PMC6553591 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants can solve amazingly difficult tasks while adjusting their growth and development to the environment. They can explore and exploit several resources simultaneously, even when the distributions of these vary in space and time. The systematic study of plant behaviour goes back to Darwin's book The power of movement in plants. Current research has highlighted that modularity is a key to understanding plant behaviour, as the production, functional specialization and death of modules enable the plant to adjust its movement to the environment. The adjustment is assisted by a flow of information and resources among the modules. Experiments have yielded many results about these processes in various plant species. Theoretical research, however, has lagged behind the empirical studies, possibly owing to the lack of a proper modelling framework that could encompass the high number of components and interactions. In this paper, I propose such a framework on the basis of network theory, viewing the plant as a group of connected, semi-autonomous agents. I review some characteristic plant responses to the environment through changing the states of agents and/or links. I also point out some unexplored areas, in which a dialogue between plant science and network theory could be mutually inspiring. This article is part of the theme issue 'Liquid brains, solid brains: How distributed cognitive architectures process information'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Oborny
- Institute of Biology, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
- GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tihany, Hungary
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8
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Abstract
The holobiont concept defines a given organism and its associated symbionts as a potential level of selection over evolutionary time. In clonal plants, recent experiments demonstrated vertical transmission of part of the microbiota from one ramet (i.e., potentially autonomous individual) to another within the clonal network (i.e., connections by modified stems present in ∼35% of all plants). The holobiont concept defines a given organism and its associated symbionts as a potential level of selection over evolutionary time. In clonal plants, recent experiments demonstrated vertical transmission of part of the microbiota from one ramet (i.e., potentially autonomous individual) to another within the clonal network (i.e., connections by modified stems present in ∼35% of all plants). Because of this heritability, and potentially reciprocal exchange of microbes between generations of ramets, we propose to extend the existing holobiont framework to the concept of meta-holobiont. A meta-holobiont is a network of holobionts that can exchange biomolecules and microbiota across generations, thus impacting the fitness of both biological scales: holobionts and meta-holobionts. Specifically, meta-holobiont dynamics can result in sharing, specialization, and division of labor across plant clonal generations. This paper, which coins the meta-holobiont concept, is expected to stimulate discussion and to be applied beyond the context of networked clonal plants (e.g., to social insects).
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Fan B, Zhao C, Zhang X, Sun K. Impacts of Sand Burial and Wind Erosion on Regeneration and Growth of a Desert Clonal Shrub. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1696. [PMID: 30619381 PMCID: PMC6297362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sand burial and wind erosion caused by sand movement are common phenomena in desert environments, but the effects on clonal shrub have rarely been investigated. Here, we assessed how sand movements affect the population regeneration capacity of juvenile clonal fragments of the shrub Calligonum mongolicum growing in mobile desert sand dunes. We investigated the population status and natural regeneration capacity in three types of mobile dunes (heavy wind erosion, heavy sand burial and moderate sand burial). Clonal propagation of C. mongolicum was markedly different across sites. Moderate sand burial sites had the largest ramet density and bud number per unit length of rhizome, and the overwinter survival rate was significantly higher at sand burial sites than at wind erosion sites, suggesting that C. mongolicum may have well adapted to the moderate sand burial environment. We further examined the effects of clonal integration on clonal regeneration of this species. Physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics of parent and daughter ramets growing in heterogeneous sandy habitats (sand burial or wind erosion) were measured. The results showed that being connected or severed from the maternal plant critically determined survival of daughter ramets on wind eroded rhizomes. When eroded rhizomes remained connected, the mother ramets had the highest chlorophyll a, b and a + b contents. However, both the mother plant and the daughter ramets undergoing erosion had higher proline and soluble protein levels than sand buried ramets. Meanwhile, the daughter ramets undergoing sand burial had higher photosynthetic rates (P n), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F m and F o), and phenotypic traits of assimilating shoots, i.e., node number, length and volume than wind-eroded ramets. However, significant differences with mother plants, whether connected or severed, were very limited. It was concluded that moderate sand burial environments promoted clonal reproduction and growth of C. mongolicum. Additionally, physiological integration with mother raments in favorable conditions can alleviate stress on daughter ramets exposed to wind erosion. This physiological effect may do not occur for sand buried daughter ramets. These survival strategies and phenotypic responses should be carefully considered in shrub and sand dune management in sand fixation plantations of C. mongolicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Fan
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Forestry College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kun Sun
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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Saptiningsih E, Dewi K, Santosa S, Purwestri YA. Clonal integration of the invasive plant Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitch in stress of flooding type combination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.4081/pb.2018.7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clonal invasion of Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitch has spread to edges of mangrove areas, which leads to the formation of flooding-stressed areas such as waterlogged and submergence. This study purpose to investigate the clonal integration mechanism of W. trilobata in stress of flooding type combination. This study was conducted in greenhouse with four combinations of flooding treatment on mother ramet (MR) and daughter ramet (DR) for 25 days. Several parameters were measured are shoot growth, relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, biomass allocation, adventitious root growth, and lenticel hypertrophy. The highest clonal performance was observed for the combination of field capacity (MR)- waterlogged (DR). The lowest performance was observed for the combination of waterlogged (MR)-submergence (DR). There were decreases in the shoot growth, RGR, and biomass allocation in mother ramet. However, adventitious root growth and lenticel hypertrophic increased in daughter ramet. The increase of flooding pressure suppresses the performance of clonal plants. Clonal integration buffered clonal plants by improving the performance of daughter ramet in the combination of flooding type. The clonal integration has facilitated W. trilobata invasion in inundated areas.
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Hodgson JG, Santini BA, Montserrat Marti G, Royo Pla F, Jones G, Bogaard A, Charles M, Font X, Ater M, Taleb A, Poschlod P, Hmimsa Y, Palmer C, Wilson PJ, Band SR, Styring A, Diffey C, Green L, Nitsch E, Stroud E, Romo-Díez A, de Torres Espuny L, Warham G. Trade-offs between seed and leaf size (seed-phytomer-leaf theory): functional glue linking regenerative with life history strategies … and taxonomy with ecology? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:633-652. [PMID: 28961937 PMCID: PMC5714152 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims While the 'worldwide leaf economics spectrum' (Wright IJ, Reich PB, Westoby M, et al. 2004. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature : 821-827) defines mineral nutrient relationships in plants, no unifying functional consensus links size attributes. Here, the focus is upon leaf size, a much-studied plant trait that scales positively with habitat quality and components of plant size. The objective is to show that this wide range of relationships is explicable in terms of a seed-phytomer-leaf (SPL) theoretical model defining leaf size in terms of trade-offs involving the size, growth rate and number of the building blocks (phytomers) of which the young shoot is constructed. Methods Functional data for 2400+ species and English and Spanish vegetation surveys were used to explore interrelationships between leaf area, leaf width, canopy height, seed mass and leaf dry matter content (LDMC). Key Results Leaf area was a consistent function of canopy height, LDMC and seed mass. Additionally, size traits are partially uncoupled. First, broad laminas help confer competitive exclusion while morphologically large leaves can, through dissection, be functionally small. Secondly, leaf size scales positively with plant size but many of the largest-leaved species are of medium height with basally supported leaves. Thirdly, photosynthetic stems may represent a functionally viable alternative to 'small seeds + large leaves' in disturbed, fertile habitats and 'large seeds + small leaves' in infertile ones. Conclusions Although key elements defining the juvenile growth phase remain unmeasured, our results broadly support SPL theory in that phytometer and leaf size are a product of the size of the initial shoot meristem (≅ seed mass) and the duration and quality of juvenile growth. These allometrically constrained traits combine to confer ecological specialization on individual species. Equally, they appear conservatively expressed within major taxa. Thus, 'evolutionary canalization' sensu Stebbins (Stebbins GL. 1974. Flowering plants: evolution above the species level . Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press) is perhaps associated with both seed and leaf development, and major taxa appear routinely specialized with respect to ecologically important size-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Hodgson
- Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology, The University, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK
- Department of Archaeology, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Bianca A Santini
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04500, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Montserrat Marti
- Dept. Ecología Funcional y Biodiversidad, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC) Aptdo. 202, 30080 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ferran Royo Pla
- Grup de Recerca Científica ‘Terres de l’Ebre’, C/ Rosa Maria Molas, 25 A, 2n B, 43500 Tortosa, Spain
| | - Glynis Jones
- Department of Archaeology, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Amy Bogaard
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK
| | - Mike Charles
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK
| | - Xavier Font
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammed Ater
- Laboratoire Diversité et Conservation des Systèmes Biologiques (LDICOSYB), Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, BP 2062, 93030, Tétouan, Morocco
| | | | - Peter Poschlod
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Younes Hmimsa
- Laboratoire Diversité et Conservation des Systèmes Biologiques (LDICOSYB), Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, BP 2062, 93030, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Carol Palmer
- Department of Archaeology, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Peter J Wilson
- Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology, The University, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK
| | - Stuart R Band
- Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology, The University, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK
| | - Amy Styring
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK
| | - Charlotte Diffey
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK
| | - Laura Green
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK
| | - Erika Nitsch
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK
| | - Elizabeth Stroud
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 36 Beaumont Street, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK
| | - Angel Romo-Díez
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona, Parc Montjuïc, Av. dels Muntanyans s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis de Torres Espuny
- Grup de Recerca Científica ‘Terres de l’Ebre’, C/ Rosa Maria Molas, 25 A, 2n B, 43500 Tortosa, Spain
| | - Gemma Warham
- Department of Archaeology, The University, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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13
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Goldberg DE, Martina JP, Elgersma KJ, Currie WS. Plant Size and Competitive Dynamics along Nutrient Gradients. Am Nat 2017; 190:229-243. [DOI: 10.1086/692438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Benedek V, Englert P, Oborny B. The effect of branching angle on adaptive growth in patchy environments. Evol Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-016-9873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Oborny B, Benedek V, Englert P, Gulyás M, Hubai AG. The plant in the labyrinth: Adaptive growth and branching in heterogeneous environments. J Theor Biol 2016; 412:146-153. [PMID: 27826119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The "ant in the labyrinth" problem describes spatial constraints upon a moving agent in a disordered medium. In contrast with an animal-like agent (an "ant"), a clonal plant can stay in a place and move at the same time: some parts develop roots, while others continue moving by horizontal growth and branching. Hereby we present a spatially explicit, dynamic model for the study of percolation by plant growth rules in lattices that consist of open and closed sites. Growth always starts from a single seed in an open percolation cluster (patch). By increasing the proportion of open sites (p), we describe a new kind of threshold (the "tracking threshold", approximately pt=0.73), which is higher than the site percolation threshold (pc=0.5 in this lattice). At pc<p<pt the habitat contains a giant component, but the plant cannot spread successfully, because the pathways are too narrow compared to the scale of growth. We demonstrate this by varying the grain of the habitat pattern relative to the distance between two branching points. We conclude that fine-grained habitats can act as "labyrinths" for the plant within a broad range of p values. Within this range, the plant individual is likely to utilize only a small fraction of the available resources, leaving gaps open for colonization by other individuals. Therefore, the "labyrinth effect" is a considerable factor in the self-organization of plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Oborny
- Dept. Plant Taxonomy, Ecology, and Theoretical Biology, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Veronika Benedek
- Dept. Plant Taxonomy, Ecology, and Theoretical Biology, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Englert
- Dept. Plant Taxonomy, Ecology, and Theoretical Biology, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Gulyás
- Dept. Plant Taxonomy, Ecology, and Theoretical Biology, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András G Hubai
- Dept. Plant Taxonomy, Ecology, and Theoretical Biology, Loránd Eötvös University, Budapest, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/c, Budapest, Hungary
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Liu F, Liu J, Dong M. Ecological Consequences of Clonal Integration in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:770. [PMID: 27446093 PMCID: PMC4927562 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Clonal plants are widespread throughout the plant kingdom and dominate in diverse habitats. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of environment is pervasive at multiple scales, even at scales relevant to individual plants. Clonal integration refers to resource translocation and information communication among the ramets of clonal plants. Due to clonal integration, clonal plant species possess a series of peculiar attributes: plasticity in response to local and non-local conditions, labor division with organ specialization for acquiring locally abundant resources, foraging behavior by selective placement of ramets in resource-rich microhabitats, and avoidance of intraclonal competition. Clonal integration has very profound ecological consequences for clonal plants. It allows them to efficiently cope with environmental heterogeneity, by alleviating local resource shortages, buffering environmental stresses and disturbances, influencing competitive ability, increasing invasiveness, and altering species composition and invasibility at the community level. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of research on the ecological consequences of plant clonal integration based on a large body of literature. We also attempt to propose perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghong Liu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- National Science Library, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Ming Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
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Liu F, Liu J, Dong M. Ecological Consequences of Clonal Integration in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:770. [PMID: 27446093 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00770/abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Clonal plants are widespread throughout the plant kingdom and dominate in diverse habitats. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of environment is pervasive at multiple scales, even at scales relevant to individual plants. Clonal integration refers to resource translocation and information communication among the ramets of clonal plants. Due to clonal integration, clonal plant species possess a series of peculiar attributes: plasticity in response to local and non-local conditions, labor division with organ specialization for acquiring locally abundant resources, foraging behavior by selective placement of ramets in resource-rich microhabitats, and avoidance of intraclonal competition. Clonal integration has very profound ecological consequences for clonal plants. It allows them to efficiently cope with environmental heterogeneity, by alleviating local resource shortages, buffering environmental stresses and disturbances, influencing competitive ability, increasing invasiveness, and altering species composition and invasibility at the community level. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of research on the ecological consequences of plant clonal integration based on a large body of literature. We also attempt to propose perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghong Liu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; National Science Library, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Ming Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
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Weiser M, Koubek T, Herben T. Root Foraging Performance and Life-History Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:779. [PMID: 27375639 PMCID: PMC4899455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants use their roots to forage for nutrients in heterogeneous soil environments, but different plant species vastly differ in the intensity of foraging they perform. This diversity suggests the existence of constraints on foraging at the species level. We therefore examined the relationships between the intensity of root foraging and plant body traits across species in order to estimate the degree of coordination between plant body traits and root foraging as a form of plant behavior. We cultivated 37 perennial herbaceous Central European species from open terrestrial habitats in pots with three different spatial gradients of nutrient availability (steep, shallow, and no gradient). We assessed the intensity of foraging as differences in root placement inside pots with and without a spatial gradient of resource supply. For the same set of species, we retrieved data about body traits from available databases: maximum height at maturity, mean area of leaf, specific leaf area, shoot lifespan, ability to self-propagate clonally, maximal lateral spread (in clonal plants only), realized vegetative growth in cultivation, and realized seed regeneration in cultivation. Clonal plants and plants with extensive vegetative growth showed considerably weaker foraging than their non-clonal or slow-growing counterparts. There was no phylogenetic signal in the amount of expressed root foraging intensity. Since clonal plants foraged less than non-clonals and foraging intensity did not seem to be correlated with species phylogeny, we hypothesize that clonal growth itself (i.e., the ability to develop at least partly self-sustaining ramets) may be an answer to soil heterogeneity. Whereas unitary plants use roots as organs specialized for both resource acquisition and transport to overcome spatial heterogeneity in resource supply, clonal plants separate these two functions. Becoming a clonal plant allows higher specialization at the organ level, since a typical clonal plant can be viewed as a network of self-sustainable harvesting units connected together with specialized high-throughput connection organs. This may be an effective alternative for coping with spatial heterogeneity in resource availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Weiser
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Koubek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the ASCRPrůhonice, Czech Republic
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Weiser M, Smyčka J. A simple model for the influence of habitat resource availability on lateral clonal spread. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150327. [PMID: 25833862 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant clonal spread is ubiquitous and of great interest, owing both to its key role in plant community assembly and its suitability for plant behaviour research. However, mechanisms that govern spreading distance are not well known. Here we link spacer costs and below-ground competition in a simple model of growth in a homogeneous below-ground environment, in which optimal distance between ramets is based on minimizing the sum of these costs. Using this model, we predict a high prevalence of clonal growth that does not employ spacers in resource-poor environments and a nonlinear increase in spreading distance in response to increasing below-ground resource availability. Analysis of database data on clonal growth in relationship to below-ground resource availability revealed that patterns of the spread based on stolons is compatible with the model's predictions. As expected, model prediction failed for rhizomatous species, where spacer sizes are likely to be selected mainly to play roles other than spread. The model's simplicity makes it useful as a null model in testing hypotheses about the effects of environmental heterogeneity on clonal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Weiser
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Smyčka
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
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Frolov PV, Zubkova EV, Komarov AS. A cellular automata model for a community comprising two plant species of different growth forms. BIOL BULL+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359015040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Dickson TL, Mittelbach GG, Reynolds HL, Gross KL. Height and clonality traits determine plant community responses to fertilization. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1875.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Oborny B, Hubai AG. Patch size and distance: modelling habitat structure from the perspective of clonal growth. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:389-98. [PMID: 24942002 PMCID: PMC4217637 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study considers the spatial structure of patchy habitats from the perspective of plants that forage for resources by clonal growth. Modelling is used in order to compare two basic strategies, which differ in the response of the plant to a patch boundary. The 'avoiding plant' (A) never grows out of a good (resource-rich) patch into a bad (resource-poor) region, because the parent ramet withdraws its subsidy from the offspring. The 'entering plant' (E) always crosses the boundary, as the offspring is subsidized at the expense of the parent. In addition to these two extreme scenarios, an intermediate mixed strategy (M) will also be tested. The model is used to compare the efficiency of foraging in various habitats in which the proportion of resource-rich areas (p) is varied. METHODS A stochastic cellular automata (CA) model is developed in which habitat space is represented by a honeycomb lattice. Each cell within the lattice can accommodate a single ramet, and colonization can occur from a parent ramet's cell into six neighbouring cells. The CA consists of two layers: the population layer and the habitat. In the population layer, a cell can be empty or occupied by a ramet; in the habitat layer, a cell can be good (resource-rich) or bad (resource-poor). The habitat layer is constant; the population layer changes over time, according to the birth and death of ramets. KEY RESULTS Strategies M and E are primarily limited by patch distance, whereas A is more sensitive to patch size. At a critical threshold of the proportion of resource-rich areas, p = 0·5, the mean patch size increases abruptly. Below the threshold, E is more efficient than A, whilst above the threshold the opposite is true. The mixed strategy (M) is more efficient than either of the pure strategies across a broad range of p values. CONCLUSIONS The model predicts more species/genotypes with the 'entering' strategy, E, in habitats where resource-rich patches are scattered, and more plants with the 'avoiding' strategy, A, in habitats where the connectivity of resource-rich patches is high. The results suggest that the degree of physiological integration between a parent and an offspring ramet is important even across a very short distance because it can strongly influence the efficiency of foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Oborny
- Department of Plant Taxonomy, Ecology, and Theoretical Biology, Loránd Eötvös University, 1/C Pázmány Péter stny., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Andras G Hubai
- Department of Plant Taxonomy, Ecology, and Theoretical Biology, Loránd Eötvös University, 1/C Pázmány Péter stny., Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
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Structural blueprint and ontogeny determine the adaptive value of the plastic response to competition in clonal plants: a modelling approach. Evol Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-013-9688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Introduction to the special issue of Ecological Modelling: “Modelling clonal plant growth: From ecological concepts to mathematics”. Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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