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Qi X, Yang Q, Cai J, Wu J, Gao Y, Ruan Q, Shao L, Liu J, Zhou X, Zhang W, Jiang N, Wang S. Transcriptional profiling of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients provides insights into mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis control and elimination. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2295387. [PMID: 38088554 PMCID: PMC10763880 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2295387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Household contacts (HHCs) of patients with active tuberculosis (ATB) are at higher risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. However, the immune factors responsible for different defense responses in HHCs are unknown. Hence, we aimed to evaluate transcriptome signatures in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HHCs to aid risk stratification. We recruited 112 HHCs of ATB patients and followed them for 6 years. Among the HHCs, only 2 developed ATB, while the remaining HHCs were classified into three groups: (1) HHC-1 group (n = 23): HHCs with consistently positive T-SPOT.TB test, negative chest radiograph, and no clinical symptoms or evidence of ATB during the 6-year follow-up period; (2) HHC-2 group (n = 15): HHCs with an initial positive T-SPOT result that later became negative without evidence of ATB; (3) HHC-3 group (n = 14): HHCs with a consistently negative T-SPOT.TB test and no clinical or radiological evidence of ATB. HHC-2 and HHC-3 were combined as HHC-23 group for analysis. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in PBMCs, with and without purified protein derivative (PPD) stimulation, identified significant differences in gene signatures between HHC-1 and HHC-23. Gene ontology analysis revealed functions related to bacterial pathogens, leukocyte chemotaxis, and inflammatory and cytokine responses. Modules associated with clinical features in the HHC-23 group were linked to the IL-17 signaling pathway, ferroptosis, complement and coagulation cascades, and the TNF signaling pathway. Validation using real-time PCR confirmed key genes like ATG-7, CXCL-3, and TNFRSF1B associated with infection outcomes in HHCs. Our research enhances understanding of disease mechanisms in HHCs. HHCs with persistent latent tuberculosis infection (HHC-1) showed significantly different gene expression compared to HHCs with no M. tuberculosis infection (HHC-23). These findings can help identify HHCs at risk of developing ATB and guide targeted public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingluan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuxi Fifth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueshi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuxi Fifth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Sci-Tech InnoCenter for Infection and Immunity, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuxi Fifth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Sci-Tech InnoCenter for Infection and Immunity, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Chauke SH, Nzuza S, Ombinda-Lemboumba S, Abrahamse H, Dube FS, Mthunzi-Kufa P. Advances in the detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis using optical-based devices. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103906. [PMID: 38042235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is highly contagious and can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. This review article discusses the importance of early detection and treatment and its global incidence and epidemiology, emphasizing its impact on vulnerable populations and its role as a major cause of death worldwide. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges faced with diagnosing TB. To overcome these challenges, point-of-care devices have emerged as promising tools for rapid and accurate TB detection. These include devices such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), lateral flow assays (LFAs), and microfluidic-based assays, which offer advantages such as rapid results, portability, and the ability to detect drug-resistant strains. Optical-based devices, such as photonic micro-ring sensors, silicon platform-based sensors, plasmonic-based platforms, microfluidics, and smartphone imaging, are some of the highlighted optical-based devices with the potential to detect TB. These devices can detect TB in sputum samples with high sensitivity and specificity. Optical-based diagnostic devices have the potential to offer the advantages of detecting low concentrations of target molecules and being adaptable to detect multiple targets simultaneously. Using these devices in a clinical setting makes them suitable for their application in improving access to diagnostic testing that enables earlier detection and treatment of TB. Furthermore, these devices would improve TB's global health issue, which requires comprehensive research, prevention, and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipho H Chauke
- Biophotonics, Photonic Centre, Manufacturing Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
| | - Sinegugu Nzuza
- Biophotonics, Photonic Centre, Manufacturing Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Laser Research Centre Department, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Saturnin Ombinda-Lemboumba
- Biophotonics, Photonic Centre, Manufacturing Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre Department, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Felix S Dube
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Patience Mthunzi-Kufa
- Biophotonics, Photonic Centre, Manufacturing Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; School of Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Studies (UNESCO), University of South Africa, GroenKloof Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
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Mishra HK. The Applications of ELISpot in the Identification and Treatment of Various Forms of Tuberculosis and in the Cancer Immunotherapies. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2768:51-58. [PMID: 38502387 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3690-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
ELISpot (enzyme-linked immunospot) is a powerful immunological tool for the detection of cytokine-secreting cells at a single-cell resolution. It is widely used for the diagnosis of various infectious diseases, e.g., tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, and it is also widely used in cancer immunotherapy research. Its ability to distinguish between active and latent forms of tuberculosis makes it an extremely powerful tool for epidemiological studies and contact tracing. In addition to that, it is a very useful tool for the research and development of cancer immunotherapies. ELISpot can be employed to assess the immune responses against various tumor-associated antigens, which could provide valuable insights for the development of effective therapies against cancers. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role to the evaluation of immune responses against specific antigens that not only could aid in vaccine development but also assist in treatment monitoring and development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. This chapter briefly describes some of the applications of ELISpot in tuberculosis and cancer research.
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Chu Y, Chen Y, Yao W, Wang L, Zhang B, Jin L, Yue J. The Effect of Latent Tuberculosis Infection on Ovarian Reserve and Pregnancy Outcomes among Infertile Women Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matching. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6398. [PMID: 37835043 PMCID: PMC10573158 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) widely exists in patients with unexplained infertility, and whether LTBI would affect the ovarian reserve and pregnancy outcome of infertile women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) is still unknown. A single-center, retrospective, cohort study was designed that included infertile women undergoing IUI at the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China, from January 2018 to December 2020. The primary outcomes of this study were ovarian reserve and live birth rate. Secondary outcomes included pregnancy outcomes and maternal and neonatal complications. As a result, 3066 IUI cycles were eventually enrolled in this study. Of these women, 9.6% (295/3066) had LTBI evidence. After propensity score matching (PSM), there was no significant difference in the baseline between the LTBI and non-LTBI groups. The data showed that women who had LTBI had trends toward lower biochemical pregnancy rates (12.9% vs. 17.7%, p-value 0.068), lower clinical pregnancy rates (10.8% vs. 15.1%, p-value 0.082) and lower live birth rates (8.1% vs. 12.1%, p-value 0.076), with no significant differences. There were also no significant differences in ovarian reserve and other secondary outcomes between the two groups. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in ovarian reserve, perinatal or neonatal complications between women with and without LTBI. Women with LTBI tended to have worse pregnancy outcomes after receiving IUI, but the difference was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Wen Yao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (L.J.)
| | - Jing Yue
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.C.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (L.J.)
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Wu X, Yang W, Cheng JG, Luo Y, Fu WL, Zhou L, Wu J, Wang Y, Zhong ZJ, Yang ZX, Yao XP, Ren MS, Li YM, Liu J, Ding H, Chen JN. Molecular cloning, prokaryotic expression and its application potential evaluation of interferon (IFN)-ω of forest musk deer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10625. [PMID: 37391585 PMCID: PMC10313714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) are currently a threatened species under conservation, and the development of captive populations is restricted by health problems. To evaluate the application potential of interferon (IFN)-ω in the prevention and control of forest musk deer disease, 5 forest musk deer IFN-ω (fmdIFNω) gene sequences were successfully obtained by homologous cloning method for the first time. FmdIFNω5 was selected and recombinant fmdIFNω protein (rIFNω) was successfully expressed by pGEX-6P-1 plasmid and E. coli expression system. The obtained protein was used to stimulate forest musk deer lung fibroblasts cells FMD-C1 to determine its regulatory effect on interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). In addition, an indirect ELISA method based on anti-rIFNω serum was established to detect endogenous IFN-ω levels in 8 forest musk deer. The results showed that there were 18 amino acid differences among the 5 fmdIFNω subtypes, all of which had the basic structure to exert the activity of type I IFN and were close to Cervus elaphus IFN-ω in the phylogenetic tree. The protein expressed was 48 kDa, and the transcription levels of all ISGs were increased in FMD-C1 cells stimulated by rIFNω, and the amount of transcription accumulation was time-dependent. Meanwhile, Anti-rIFNω serum of mice could react with both rIFNω and forest musk deer serum, and the OD450nm value of forest musk deer serum with the most obvious symptoms was the highest, suggesting that the level of natural IFN-ω in different forest musk deer could be monitored by the rIFNω-based ELISA method. These results indicate that fmdIFNω has the potential as an antiviral drug and an early indication of innate immunity, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of forest musk deer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Cheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Wen-Long Fu
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ze-Xiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue-Ping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mei-Shen Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi-Meng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Nan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
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Mukherjee S, Perveen S, Negi A, Sharma R. Evolution of tuberculosis diagnostics: From molecular strategies to nanodiagnostics. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 140:102340. [PMID: 37031646 PMCID: PMC10072981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis has remained a global concern for public health affecting the lives of people for ages. Approximately 10 million people are affected by the disease and 1.5 million succumb to the disease worldwide annually. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the role of early diagnosis to win the battle against such infectious diseases. Thus, advancement in the diagnostic approaches to provide early detection forms the foundation to eradicate and manage contagious diseases like tuberculosis. The conventional diagnostic strategies include microscopic examination, chest X-ray and tuberculin skin test. The limitations associated with sensitivity and specificity of these tests demands for exploring new techniques like probe-based assays, CRISPR-Cas and microRNA detection. The aim of the current review is to envisage the correlation between both the conventional and the newer approaches to enhance the specificity and sensitivity. A significant emphasis has been placed upon nanodiagnostic approaches manipulating quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, and biosensors for accurate diagnosis of latent, active and drug-resistant TB. Additionally, we would like to ponder upon a reliable method that is cost-effective, reproducible, require minimal infrastructure and provide point-of-care to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anjali Negi
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Performance of T-Track ® TB, a Novel Dual Marker RT-qPCR-Based Whole-Blood Test for Improved Detection of Active Tuberculosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040758. [PMID: 36832246 PMCID: PMC9955725 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death by an infectious disease. It remains a major health burden worldwide, in part due to misdiagnosis. Therefore, improved diagnostic tests allowing the faster and more reliable diagnosis of patients with active TB are urgently needed. This prospective study examined the performance of the new molecular whole-blood test T-Track® TB, which relies on the combined evaluation of IFNG and CXCL10 mRNA levels, and compared it to that of the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic accuracy and agreement analyses were conducted on the whole blood of 181 active TB patients and 163 non-TB controls. T-Track® TB presented sensitivity of 94.9% and specificity of 93.8% for the detection of active TB vs. non-TB controls. In comparison, the QFT-Plus ELISA showed sensitivity of 84.3%. The sensitivity of T-Track® TB was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of QFT-Plus. The overall agreement of T-Track® TB with QFT-Plus to diagnose active TB was 87.9%. Out of 21 samples with discordant results, 19 were correctly classified by T-Track® TB while misclassified by QFT-Plus (T-Track® TB-positive/QFT-Plus-negative), and two samples were misclassified by T-Track® TB while correctly classified by QFT-Plus (T-Track® TB-negative/QFT-Plus-positive). Our results demonstrate the excellent performance of the T-Track® TB molecular assay and its suitability to accurately detect TB infection and discriminate active TB patients from non-infected controls.
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Salles I, Travassos P, Spener-Gomes R, Loch AP, Saraceni V, Lauria L, Cavalcante S, Garcia de Oliveira J, Brito de Souza A, Guimarães Costa A, Sakabe S, Schiavon Nogueira R, Chaisson LH, Cohn S, Jamal LF, Valdez Ramalho Madruga J, Cordeiro-Santos M, Castro B, Portella Ferreira D, Hoffmann CJ, Golub JE, Durovni B, Kerrigan D. Contextualizing and optimizing novel strategies to improve the latent TB continuum of care: Insights from people living with HIV and health care providers in Brazil. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001251. [PMID: 36962892 PMCID: PMC10021802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) causes 1 in 3 deaths among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Diagnosing and treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is critical to reducing TB incidence and mortality. Blood-based screening tests (e.g., QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT+)) and shorter-course TB preventive therapy (TPT) regimens such as 3HP (3 months weekly isoniazid-rifapentine) hold significant promise to improve TB outcomes. We qualitatively explored barriers and solutions to optimizing QFT+ and 3HP among PLHIV in three cities in Brazil. We conducted 110 in-depth interviews with PLHIV, health care providers (HCP) and key informants (KI). Content analysis was conducted including the use of case summaries and comparison of themes across populations and contexts. LTBI screening and treatment practices were dependent on HCP's perceptions of whether they were critical to improving TB outcomes. Many HCP lacked a strong understanding of LTBI and perceived the current TPT regimen as complicated. HCP reported that LTBI screening and treatment were constrained by clinic staffing challenges. While PLHIV generally expressed willingness to consider any test or treatment that doctors recommended, they indicated HCP rarely discussed LTBI and TPT. TB testing and treatment requests were constrained by structural factors including financial and food insecurity, difficulties leaving work for appointments, stigma and family responsibilities. QFT+ and 3HP were viewed by all participants as tools that could significantly improve the LTBI cascade by avoiding complexities of TB skin tests and longer LTBI treatment courses. QFT+ and 3HP were perceived to have challenges, including the potential to increase workload on over-burdened health systems if not implemented alongside improved supply chains, staffing, and training, and follow-up initiatives. Multi-level interventions that increase understanding of the importance of LTBI and TPT among HCP, improve patient-provider communication, and streamline clinic-level operations related to QFT+ and 3HP are needed to optimize their impact among PLHIV and reduce TB mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Salles
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Renata Spener-Gomes
- Gerência de Micobacteriologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Loch
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Lauria
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Solange Cavalcante
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandra Brito de Souza
- Gerência de Micobacteriologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Gerência de Micobacteriologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Sumire Sakabe
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Schiavon Nogueira
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lelia H. Chaisson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinos, United States of America
| | - Silvia Cohn
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leda Fatima Jamal
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
- Gerência de Micobacteriologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christopher J. Hoffmann
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E. Golub
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Betina Durovni
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deanna Kerrigan
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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Subsequent AS01-adjuvanted vaccinations induce similar transcriptional responses in populations with different disease statuses. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276505. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional responses to adjuvanted vaccines can vary substantially among populations. Interindividual diversity in levels of pathogen exposure, and thus of cell-mediated immunological memory at baseline, may be an important determinant of population differences in vaccine responses. Adjuvant System AS01 is used in licensed or candidate vaccines for several diseases and populations, yet the impact of pre-existing immunity on its adjuvanticity remains to be elucidated. In this exploratory post-hoc analysis of clinical trial samples (clinicalTrials.gov: NCT01424501), we compared gene expression patterns elicited by two immunizations with the candidate tuberculosis (TB) vaccine M72/AS01, between three groups of individuals with different levels of memory responses to TB antigens before vaccination. Analyzed were one group of TB-disease-treated individuals, and two groups of TB-disease-naïve individuals who were (based on purified protein derivative [PPD] skin-test results) stratified into PPD-positive and PPD-negative groups. Although TB-disease-treated individuals displayed slightly stronger transcriptional responses after each vaccine dose, functional gene signatures were overall not distinctly different between groups. Considering the similarities with the signatures found previously for other AS01-adjuvanted vaccines, many features of the response appeared to be adjuvant-driven. Across groups, cell proliferation-related signals at 7 days post-dose 1 were associated with increased anti-M72 antibody response magnitudes. These early signals were stronger in the TB-disease-treated group as compared to both TB-disease-naïve groups. Interindividual homogeneity in gene expression levels was also higher for TB-disease-treated individuals post-dose 1, but increased in all groups post-dose 2 to attain similar levels between the three groups. Altogether, strong cell-mediated memory responses at baseline accelerated and amplified transcriptional responses to a single dose of this AS01-adjuvanted vaccine, resulting in more homogenous gene expression levels among the highly-primed individuals as compared to the disease-naïve individuals. However, after a second vaccination, response heterogeneity decreased and was similar across groups, irrespective of the degree of immune memory acquired at baseline. This information can support the design and analysis of future clinical trials evaluating AS01-adjuvanted vaccines.
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Huang Y, Ai L, Wang X, Sun Z, Wang F. Review and Updates on the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195826. [PMID: 36233689 PMCID: PMC9570811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of tuberculosis, and especially the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, still faces challenges in clinical practice. There are several reasons for this. Methods based on the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are insufficiently sensitive, methods based on the detection of Mtb-specific immune responses cannot always differentiate active disease from latent infection, and some of the serological markers of infection with Mtb are insufficiently specific to differentiate tuberculosis from other inflammatory diseases. New tools based on technologies such as flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, high-throughput sequencing, and artificial intelligence have the potential to solve this dilemma. The aim of this review was to provide an updated overview of current efforts to optimize classical diagnostic methods, as well as new molecular and other methodologies, for accurate diagnosis of patients with Mtb infection.
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Lemes MR, Rodrigues TCV, Jaiswal AK, Tiwari S, Sales-Campos H, Andrade-Silva LE, Oliveira CJF, Azevedo V, Rodrigues V, Soares SC, da Silva MV. In silico designing of a recombinant multi-epitope antigen for leprosy diagnosis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:128. [PMID: 36053342 PMCID: PMC9440174 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Most of the affected population lives in low-income countries and may take up to 10 years to show any clinical signs, which is how physicians diagnose it. However, due to progressive cell damage, early diagnosis is very important. The best way to confirm leprosy is through bacilloscopic, which only confirms the diagnosis and has low accuracy or PCR, that requires specialized operators and is expensive. Since the bacteria are fastidious and do not grow in any culture media, therefore, diagnosing leprosy in the lab is still a challenge. In this concern, a recombinant multi-epitope protein can be a beneficial strategy in the management of the diagnosis, as diverse immunogenic epitopes are precisely selected to detect specific antibodies. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were to select immunogenic epitopes from different relevant proteins, with immunogenic properties, and then to construct a recombinant multi-epitope protein that accuses the presence of the antibodies in the early stages of the disease, making it more than appropriate to be applied as a diagnostic tool. RESULTS We selected 22 common proteins from both species and, using bioinformatics tools, predicted B and T cell epitopes. After multiple filtering and analyzing, we ended up with 29 epitopes {MHC-I (total 18) and MHC-II (total 11)} from 10 proteins, which were then merged into one construct. Its secondary and tertiary structures were also predicted and refined to comprise the amino acid residues in the best conformation possible. The multi-epitope protein construct was stable, non-host homologous, non-allergic, non-toxic, and elicit humoral and cellular responses. It has conformational B cell epitopes and potential to elicit IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 secretion. CONCLUSIONS This novel recombinant multi-epitope protein constructed using the common epitopes from M. leprae and M. lepromatosis has a huge immunological potential, is stable, and can be lyophilized to be used in ELISA plates or even in biosensors, which are user-friendly diagnosis tools, facilitating translation into human sample tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rezende Lemes
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristina Vilela Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM) Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences,, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Arun Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM) Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences,, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM) Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences,, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Eurípedes Andrade-Silva
- Infectious Disease Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlo Jose Freire Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM) Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences,, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), MG, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Siomar C Soares
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-180, Brazil.
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Zhang X, Meng Q, Miao R, Huang P. The diagnostic value of T cell spot test and adenosine deaminase in pleural effusion for tuberculous pleurisy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 135:102223. [PMID: 35777322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculous infection of T cell spot test (T-SPOT.TB) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) have a high diagnostic value in pleural effusion for tuberculous pleurisy. However, there were major differences in existing research in regard to the clinical application of the two trials. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of T-SPOT.TB and ADA. METHODS Pubmed, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched to compare diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy by T-SPOT.TB and ADA. The search period was from inception to August 31, 2021. Statistical analyses were performed using Meta-disc 1.4, Revman 5.4 and Stata 16.0. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were determined. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to summarize overall diagnostic performance. RESULTS 10 qualified original research studies were included, with a total of 2075 patients, of which were 1391 tuberculous pleurisy and 684 non-tuberculous pleurisy. The pooled estimates of diagnostic accuracy of T-SPOT.TB were as follows: sensitivity, 0.88 (95% CI: 0.86-0.90; I2 = 92.7%); specificity, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76-0.82; I2 = 93.7%); PLR, 4.49 (95% CI: 2.29-8.80; I2 = 94.9%); NLR, 0.15 (95% CI: 0.08-0.30; I2 = 94.3%), DOR, 35.72 (95% CI: 11.15-114.47; I2 = 91.5%). The AUC for SROC was 0.9283 (95% CI: 0.8912-0.9654). The pooled estimates of diagnostic accuracy of ADA were as follows: sensitivity, 0.65 (95% CI: 0.62-0.67; I2 = 98.2%); specificity, 0.90 (95% CI: 0.88-0.92; I2 = 69.4%); PLR, 6.12 (95% CI: 4.71-7.96; I2 = 11.9%); NLR, 0.33 (95% CI: 0.12-0.89; I2 = 99.5%), DOR, 23.18 (95% CI: 12.75-42.14; I2 = 66.7%). The AUC for SROC was 0.9208 (95% CI: 0.9029-0.9387). CONCLUSION Both T-SPOT.TB and ADA had high value in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. The sensitivity of T-SPOT.TB was higher than ADA, but the specificity of ADA was higher than T-SPOT.TB. On the whole, T-SPOT. TB had similar diagnostic accuracy to ADA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shangrao People's Hospital, No. 86, Shuyuan Road, Xinzhou District, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, 334000, China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shangrao People's Hospital, Shangrao, China.
| | - Rujun Miao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shangrao People's Hospital, No. 86, Shuyuan Road, Xinzhou District, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, 334000, China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Ssebambulidde K, Gakuru J, Ellis J, Cresswell FV, Bahr NC. Improving Technology to Diagnose Tuberculous Meningitis: Are We There Yet? Front Neurol 2022; 13:892224. [PMID: 35711276 PMCID: PMC9195574 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.892224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains challenging due to a paucity of high-performance diagnostics. Even those that have reasonable sensitivity are not adequate to 'rule out' TBM. Therefore, a combination of clinical factors alongside microbiological, molecular, and radiological investigations are utilized, depending on availability. A low threshold for starting empiric therapy in the appropriate clinical scenario remains crucial for good outcomes in many cases. Herein, we review the current TBM diagnostics landscape with a focus on limitations frequently encountered, such as diagnostic test performance, cost, laboratory infrastructure, and clinical expertise. Though molecular technologies, particularly GeneXpert MTB/Rif Ultra, have been a step forward, diagnosis of TBM remains difficult. We also provide an overview of promising technologies, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate, a new lipoarabinomannan test (FujiLAM), metagenomic next-generation sequencing, and transcriptomics that may further improve our TBM diagnostic capacity and lead to better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ssebambulidde
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jane Gakuru
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jayne Ellis
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona V. Cresswell
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medicine School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan C. Bahr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Yang Y, Wang HJ, Hu WL, Bai GN, Hua CZ. Diagnostic Value of Interferon-Gamma Release Assays for Tuberculosis in the Immunocompromised Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020453. [PMID: 35204544 PMCID: PMC8871457 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are widely used in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection by detecting interferon-γ released by previously sensitized T-cells in-vitro. Currently, there are two assays based on either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) technology, with several generations of products available. The diagnostic value of IGRAs in the immunocompromised population is significantly different from that in the immunocompetent population because their results are strongly affected by the host immune function. Both physiological and pathological factors can lead to an immunocompromised situation. We summarized the diagnostic value and clinical recommendations of IGRAs for different immunocompromised populations, including peoplewith physiological factors (pregnant and puerperal women, children, and older people), as well as people with pathological factors (solid organ transplantation recipients, combination with human immunodeficiency virus infection, diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, end-stage liver disease, and chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases). Though the performance of IGRAs is not perfect and often requires a combination with other diagnostic strategies, it still has some value in the immunocompromised population. Hopefully, the newly developed IGRAs could better target this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; (Y.Y.); (H.-J.W.); (W.-L.H.); (G.-N.B.)
| | - Hong-Jiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; (Y.Y.); (H.-J.W.); (W.-L.H.); (G.-N.B.)
| | - Wei-Lin Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; (Y.Y.); (H.-J.W.); (W.-L.H.); (G.-N.B.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Guan-Nan Bai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; (Y.Y.); (H.-J.W.); (W.-L.H.); (G.-N.B.)
| | - Chun-Zhen Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China; (Y.Y.); (H.-J.W.); (W.-L.H.); (G.-N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-0580-2618
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Qi Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Fang Z, Liu Y, Li F. Tuberculosis-Specific Antigen/Phytohemagglutinin Ratio Combined With GeneXpert MTB/RIF for Early Diagnosis of Spinal Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:781315. [PMID: 35174105 PMCID: PMC8842995 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.781315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal tuberculosis (TB), the most common form of musculoskeletal tuberculosis, is an infection-related disease globally, with paraplegia occurring in severe cases. Therefore, identification of spinal TB at an early stage is important for early intervention and eventual therapy. In this study, we conducted a prospective cohort study in routine clinical practice to investigate the diagnosis of different TB tests. A total of 519 patients were recruited based on the radiology of spinal TB. The diagnostic model was computed by regression analysis and was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Specificity, sensitivity, predictive value, likelihood ratio, and accuracy were also computed and compared. GeneXpert MTB/RIF showed a higher positive rate compared to that in the acid-fast bacilli smear and Mycobacterium culture. The results also showed that the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigen/phytohemagglutinin ratio in the T-SPOT assay had a good performance in the preoperative diagnosis and prediction of spinal TB. The diagnostic model based on the ratio of tuberculosis-specific antigen/phytohemagglutinin combined with GeneXpert MTB/RIF showed better efficiency for spinal TB diagnosis. In summary, the tuberculosis-specific antigen/phytohemagglutinin ratio combined with GeneXpert MTB/RIF could provide an early diagnosis of spinal TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Li, ; Yanchao Liu,
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Li, ; Yanchao Liu,
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Lessons Learned from Implementation of an Interferon Gamma Release Assay to Screen for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in a Large Multicenter Observational Cohort Study in Brazil. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0116321. [PMID: 34851140 PMCID: PMC8635161 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01163-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) has emerged as a useful tool for identifying latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This assay can be performed through testing platforms such as the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay. This in vitro test has been incorporated into several guidelines worldwide and has recently been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the diagnosis of LTBI. The possibility of systematically implementing IGRAs such as the QFT-Plus assay in centers that perform LTBI screening has been accelerated by the decreased availability of the tuberculin skin test (TST) in several countries. Nevertheless, the process to implement IGRA testing in routine clinical care has many gaps. The study utilized the expertise acquired by the laboratory teams of the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil consortium during study protocol implementation of LTBI screening of tuberculosis (TB) close contacts. RePORT-Brazil includes clinical research sites from Brazilian cities and is the largest multicenter cohort of TB close contacts in the country to date. Operational and logistical challenges faced during IGRA implementation in all study laboratories are described, as well as the solutions that were developed and led to the successful establishment of IGRA testing in RePORT-Brazil. The descriptions of the problems identified and resolved in this study can assist laboratories implementing IGRAs, in addition to manufacturers of IGRAs providing effective technical support. This will facilitate the implementation of IGRA testing in countries with large TB burdens, such as Brazil. IMPORTANCE The IGRA has emerged as a useful tool for identifying persons with LTBI. Although the implementation of IGRAs is of utmost importance, to our knowledge there is scarce information on the identification of logistical and technical challenges for systematic screening for LTBI on a large scale. Thus, the descriptions of the problems identified and resolved in this study can assist laboratories implementing IGRAs, in addition to manufacturers of IGRAs providing effective technical support. This will facilitate the implementation of IGRA testing in countries with large TB burdens, such as Brazil.
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Tong X, Li Z, Zhao J, Liu S, Fan H. The value of single or combined use of pleural fluid interferon gamma release assay in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:1356-1366. [PMID: 34297877 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tuberculous pleurisy (TP) is a common disease of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, but its diagnosis is challenging. Recently, studies have found that the pleural fluid interferon gamma release assay (PF-IGRA) has important diagnostic value in TP, but the sample size of these studies was small, and the conclusions were inconsistent. Therefore, this study evaluated the diagnostic value of PF-IGRA in TP through a meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a literature search in multiple databases to identify studies and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS All 26 publications, including 30 case-control studies, were eventually included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUC with their 95% confidence intervals were 0.90 (0.88-0.91), 0.87 (0.85-0.89), 7.64 (4.46-13.07), 0.13 (0.09-0.19), 65.45 (32.13-133.33) and 0.9508, respectively. The subgroup analysis suggested that the sensitivity, specificity and AUC of PF-IGRA for TP in areas with a high tuberculosis burden were significantly higher than those in areas with a low tuberculosis burden. The sensitivity and AUC of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method were higher than those of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for IGRA, but the specificity was similar. More importantly, PF-IGRA combined with adenosine deaminase (ADA) could increase the diagnostic value of TP. CONCLUSIONS The current meta-analysis indicated that PF-IGRA has high diagnostic value in diagnosing TP, especially in areas with a high TB burden. We recommended that the combination of PF-IGRA and ADA is the best way to diagnose TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Clinical Medicine of Eight-year Program, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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El-Sheikh N, Mousa NO, Osman A, Tawfeik AM, Taha BA, Mahran H, Saleh AM, El-Shiekh I, Amin W, Elrefaei M. Assessment of Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 mRNA Release Assay for Detection of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Egyptian Pediatric Household Contacts. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 109:223-229. [PMID: 34271200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) in children living in low-endemic countries are limited by low specificity and the inability of the current tests to differentiate between active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI). This study aimed to evaluate the blood IP-10 mRNA expression level to detect LTBI in Egyptian pediatric household contacts (PHC). METHODS TB-specific IP-10 and IFN-γ mRNA levels were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in 72 Egyptian PHC of active pulmonary TB cases. All study participants were also assessed by Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Quantiferon gold in tube (QFN-GIT) assay. RESULTS IP-10 and IFN-γ mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in PHC with active TB or LTBI than TB negative (p < 0.0001). The level of IP-10 mRNA expression was significantly higher in PHC with active TB than LTBI (p = 0.0008). In contrast, there was no significant differences in the IFN-γ mRNA expression between PHC with active TB compared to LTBI (p = 0.49). The sensitivity and specificity of the IP-10 RT-qPCR were 94.2% and 95.2%, respectively, in PHC with active TB compared to 85.7% and 81.8% in PHC with LTBI. The negative and positive predictive values and accuracy of IP-10 RT-qPCR for distinguishing active TB from LTBI were 85.2%, 58.3%, and 72.6% respectively. CONCLUSION Blood IP-10 mRNA expression level may be a potential diagnostic marker to help distinguish active TB from LTBI in PHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila El-Sheikh
- Molecular Immunology Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nahla O Mousa
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt; Biotechnology Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany M Tawfeik
- Molecular Immunology Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bothiana A Taha
- Department of Pediatrics, Abbasia Chest Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem Mahran
- Molecular Immunology Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Saleh
- Molecular Immunology Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman El-Shiekh
- Molecular Immunology Unit for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagdy Amin
- National TB Program, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elrefaei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville FL, USA.
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Sergeeva M, Romanovskaya-Romanko E, Zabolotnyh N, Pulkina A, Vasilyev K, Shurigina AP, Buzitskaya J, Zabrodskaya Y, Fadeev A, Vasin A, Vinogradova TI, Stukova MA. Mucosal Influenza Vector Vaccine Carrying TB10.4 and HspX Antigens Provides Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice and Guinea Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040394. [PMID: 33923548 PMCID: PMC8073308 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies providing protection against tuberculosis (TB) are still pending. The airborne nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection assumes that the mucosal delivery of the TB vaccine could be a more promising strategy than the systemic route of immunization. We developed a mucosal TB vaccine candidate based on recombinant attenuated influenza vector (Flu/THSP) co-expressing truncated NS1 protein NS1(1–124) and a full-length TB10.4 and HspX proteins of M.tb within an NS1 protein open reading frame. The Flu/THSP vector was safe and stimulated a systemic TB-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune response after intranasal immunization in mice. Double intranasal immunization with the Flu/THSP vector induced protection against two virulent M.tb strains equal to the effect of BCG subcutaneous injection in mice. In a guinea pig TB model, one intranasal immunization with Flu/THSP improved protection against M.tb when tested as a vaccine candidate for boosting BCG-primed immunity. Importantly, enhanced protection provided by a heterologous BCG-prime → Flu/THSP vector boost immunization scheme was associated with a significantly reduced lung and spleen bacterial burden (mean decrease of 0.77 lg CFU and 0.72 lg CFU, respectively) and improved lung pathology 8.5 weeks post-infection with virulent M.tb strain H37Rv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Sergeeva
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ekaterina Romanovskaya-Romanko
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Natalia Zabolotnyh
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (T.I.V.)
| | - Anastasia Pulkina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill Vasilyev
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Anna Polina Shurigina
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Janna Buzitskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Yana Zabrodskaya
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem Fadeev
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Andrey Vasin
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Vinogradova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia; (N.Z.); (T.I.V.)
| | - Marina A. Stukova
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.R.-R.); (A.P.); (K.V.); (A.P.S.); (J.B.); (Y.Z.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (M.A.S.)
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20
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Thomas J, Balseiro A, Gortázar C, Risalde MA. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife: a systematic review. Vet Res 2021; 52:31. [PMID: 33627188 PMCID: PMC7905575 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a multi-host disease caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Due to its impact on economy, sanitary standards of milk and meat industry, public health and conservation, TB control is an actively ongoing research subject. Several wildlife species are involved in the maintenance and transmission of TB, so that new approaches to wildlife TB diagnosis have gained relevance in recent years. Diagnosis is a paramount step for screening, epidemiological investigation, as well as for ensuring the success of control strategies such as vaccination trials. This is the first review that systematically addresses data available for the diagnosis of TB in wildlife following the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The article also gives an overview of the factors related to host, environment, sampling, and diagnostic techniques which can affect test performance. After three screenings, 124 articles were considered for systematic review. Literature indicates that post-mortem examination and culture are useful methods for disease surveillance, but immunological diagnostic tests based on cellular and humoral immune response detection are gaining importance in wildlife TB diagnosis. Among them, serological tests are especially useful in wildlife because they are relatively inexpensive and easy to perform, facilitate large-scale surveillance and can be used both ante- and post-mortem. Currently available studies assessed test performance mostly in cervids, European badgers, wild suids and wild bovids. Research to improve diagnostic tests for wildlife TB diagnosis is still needed in order to reach accurate, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic techniques adequate to a broad range of target species and consistent over space and time to allow proper disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Thomas
- Sanidad Y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC), 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain. .,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346, León, Spain.
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Sanidad Y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM-CSIC), 13003, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía Y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas Y Toxicología. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14014, Córdoba, Spain.,Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica Y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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21
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Comparison of Interferon-Gamma Release Assay and Tuberculin Skin Test for the Screening of Latent Tuberculosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Indian Scenario. Tuberc Res Treat 2021; 2021:6682840. [PMID: 33575041 PMCID: PMC7857923 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a country like India, where the prevalence of tuberculosis is very high, the role of screening tools for detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) like TST and IGRA is still unclear, especially in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Our study is aimed at comparing the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and tuberculin skin test (TST) to determine the prevalence of LTBI in IBD patients in the Indian subset of the population. Methods It was a prospective observational analysis. A total of 257 participants were included in the study. Both TST and IGRA were performed in consecutive patients diagnosed with IBD (131 patients) and in 126 healthy individuals. Both tests were performed on the same day. LTBI diagnosis was considered if any one of TST or IGRA was found to be positive. Results Out of 131 IBD patients, 121 patients had ulcerative colitis and 10 patients had Crohn's disease. 29% of the IBD patients and 22% of the control subjects had LTBI. The study demonstrated concordance between TST and IGRA. Agreement test kappa value for IBD patients was 0.656 (CI 0.50-0.81), with a p value of <0.001, suggestive of a fair agreement. Mean IFN-γ release was lower in the immunosuppressed group as compared to non-immunosuppressed individuals (0.26 ± 0.17 vs. 0.45 ± 0.07, p = 0.02). Cohen's kappa coefficient values in IBD cases and control subjects were 0.66 and 0.79, respectively. TST was found to be negatively correlated to BMI. Conclusion Agreement between TST and IGRA was fair in IBD patients. For LTBI screening in IBD patients, TST and IGRA are complementary methods.
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22
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Haeseleer F, Eichholz K, Tareen SU, Iwamoto N, Roederer M, Kirchhoff F, Park H, Okoye AA, Corey L. Real-Time Killing Assays to Assess the Potency of a New Anti-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:998-1009. [PMID: 32988211 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2020.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies for treating leukemia has resulted in a booming interest for the technology. Expression of a CAR in T cells allows redirection of their natural cytolytic activity toward cells presenting a specific designated surface antigen. Although CAR T cell therapies have thus far shown promising results mostly in B cell malignancy trials, interest in their potential to treat other diseases is on the rise, including using CAR T cells to control human immunodeficiency virus infection. The assessment of CAR T cell potency toward specific targets in vitro is a critical preclinical step. In this study, we describe novel assays that monitor the cytotoxicity of candidate CAR T cells toward simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected CD4 T cells. The assays involve live cell imaging using a fluorescence microscopy system that records in real time the disappearance or appearance of targets infected with SIV carrying a fluorescent protein gene. The assays are highly reproducible, and their rapid turn around and reduced cost present a significant advance regarding the efficient preclinical evaluation of CAR T cell constructs and are broadly applicable to potential human diseases that could benefit from CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Haeseleer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karsten Eichholz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Nami Iwamoto
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Haesun Park
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Afam A. Okoye
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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23
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Wang D, Sun X, Zhang C, Fang X, Huang Z, Zheng Q, Zhang W. Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Unsuspected Tuberculosis of the Joint: A Report of Four Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:1900-1912. [PMID: 33145983 PMCID: PMC7767691 DOI: 10.1111/os.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a case series and systematic review that explores the clinical manifestations, treatments, and methods for defining tuberculosis diagnoses in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS Four patients (three women, one man; average age, 59.5 ± 8.89 years; range, 48-69 years) underwent TKA and were subsequently treated for previously unsuspected knee tuberculosis between January 2013 and December 2019. We also reviewed published cases of tuberculous periprosthetic joint infections (TBPJIs) following TKA through databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. We reviewed studies that were published between January 1980 and December 2019. RESULTS In our four cases, the preoperative diagnoses were osteoarthritis (n = 2), rheumatoid arthritis (one case), and Charcot's arthropathy (one case). The main clinical manifestations were knee swelling and pain, without fever, weakness, or weight loss. Comorbidities included multiple joints with rheumatoid arthritis or Charcot's arthropathy, diabetes mellitus, and uremia. One patient had a history of lumbar tuberculosis treated with debridement and intervertebral fusion. Preoperative elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) were detected in all cases, and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were observed in three cases. The tuberculosis diagnoses were confirmed via histopathologic analysis (three cases) and second-generation sequencing (one case). Three patients received antituberculosis therapy for 1 year, without surgical intervention. Two-stage exchange arthroplasty was performed in one patient because of prosthesis loosening. Within an average follow-up period of 24.75 months, tuberculosis reactivation was not observed and overall functional improvement was demonstrated. Forty-four TBPJI cases were reported in the literature between January 1980 and December 2019. Most (59.09%) occurred within the first year after the index arthroplasty, and the diagnoses were confirmed by culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 88.64% of cases. Favorable outcomes were achieved in 90.91% of the patients who did not undergo surgery, 71.43% of those treated with debridement, 93.33% undergoing revision arthroplasty, and in 90.91% of those undergoing resection and arthrodesis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical manifestations of knee tuberculosis and TBPJI are atypical. Thus, attention should be paid to finding the causes of increased ESRs and CRP levels, particularly in patients with weakened immune functioning, before performing TKA. Pathological examination is an effective method for diagnosing tuberculosis, although sending multiple specimens for pathological examination is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Wang
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐tang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceFuzhouChina
| | - Chao‐fan Zhang
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xin‐yu Fang
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Zi‐da Huang
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Qing‐cong Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support ForceFuzhouChina
| | - Wen‐ming Zhang
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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24
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Nath P, Kabir A, Khoubafarin Doust S, Kreais ZJ, Ray A. Detection of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens Using Photonic Point-of-Care Devices. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100841. [PMID: 33086578 PMCID: PMC7603237 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are highly contagious and can easily be transmitted via air, water, body fluids, etc. Throughout human civilization, there have been several pandemic outbreaks, such as the Plague, Spanish Flu, Swine-Flu, and, recently, COVID-19, amongst many others. Early diagnosis not only increases the chance of quick recovery but also helps prevent the spread of infections. Conventional diagnostic techniques can provide reliable results but have several drawbacks, including costly devices, lengthy wait time, and requirement of trained professionals to operate the devices, making them inaccessible in low-resource settings. Thus, a significant effort has been directed towards point-of-care (POC) devices that enable rapid diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections. A majority of the POC devices are based on plasmonics and/or microfluidics-based platforms integrated with mobile readers and imaging systems. These techniques have been shown to provide rapid, sensitive detection of pathogens. The advantages of POC devices include low-cost, rapid results, and portability, which enables on-site testing anywhere across the globe. Here we aim to review the recent advances in novel POC technologies in detecting bacteria and viruses that led to a breakthrough in the modern healthcare industry.
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25
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Rajpal S, Arora VK. Latent TB (LTBI) treatment: Challenges in India with an eye on 2025: "To Treat LTBI or not to treat, that is the question". Indian J Tuberc 2020; 67:S43-S47. [PMID: 33308671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is defined as a consistent immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without evidence of clinically evident active tuberculosis (TB). Diagnosis and treatment for LTBI are important for TB, especially in high-risk populations especially in high prevalent country like India. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are used to diagnose LTBI. Therefore an unequivocal policy /of diagnosis and treatment of LTBI will serve to ameliorate the standards of the Indian health scenario and bring the TB infection to the propinquity of its ultimate elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V K Arora
- Vice Chairman Publication & Research, Honorary Treasurer, Honorary Technical Advisor, TB Association of India, India
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26
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Heras MFL, Ramirez Y, Fernández Martín C, L. Espinosa R, Lavín A, Holgado M. A Point-of-Care Based on Label-Free Interferometric Optical Detection Method to Evaluate Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ): A Correlation with the ELISA Technique. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4776. [PMID: 32847025 PMCID: PMC7506597 DOI: 10.3390/s20174776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a cytokine associated with inflammatory diseases, virus, infection, etc. The quantification of interferon-gamma concentration levels is studied to relate the immune system response to the progression of disease. In this work, we used a label-free point-of-care device based on the increase relative optical power (IROP) and a biosensor based on photonic transducers called BICELLs (Biophotonic Sensing Cells) to evaluate interferon-gamma concentrations. The BICELLs' sensing surface size used is 100 μm in diameter. The bioreceptor is attached to the surface by streptavidin-biotin affinity. This label-free IROP-based device can work with a low concentration of reagents and a low sample volume for measurements. Furthermore, this new device was compared with an ELISA technique in the same conditions. A good correlation was achieved between both techniques. This device is easy to use, and it is a cost-effective tool for monitoring an analyte in a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fe Laguna Heras
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Lab., Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (Y.R.); (R.L.E.); (A.L.); (M.H.)
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ramirez
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Lab., Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (Y.R.); (R.L.E.); (A.L.); (M.H.)
- BioOptical Detection SL, Centro de Empresas, Campus Montegancedo, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Rocío L. Espinosa
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Lab., Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (Y.R.); (R.L.E.); (A.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Alvaro Lavín
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Lab., Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (Y.R.); (R.L.E.); (A.L.); (M.H.)
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Holgado
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Lab., Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (Y.R.); (R.L.E.); (A.L.); (M.H.)
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Rabinovich PM, Zhang J, Kerr SR, Cheng BH, Komarovskaya M, Bersenev A, Hurwitz ME, Krause DS, Weissman SM, Katz SG. A versatile flow-based assay for immunocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. J Immunol Methods 2019; 474:112668. [PMID: 31525367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a critical function of the immune system in mounting defense against pathogens and cancers. Current methods that allow direct evaluation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity suffer from a wide-range of drawbacks. Here, we present a novel strategy to measure cytotoxicity that is direct, sensitive, rapid, and highly adaptable. Moreover, it allows accurate measurement of viability of both target and effector cells. Target cells are fluorescently labeled with a non-toxic, cell-permeable dye that covalently binds to cell proteins, including nuclear proteins. The labeled target cells are incubated with effector cells to begin killing. Following the killing reaction, the cell mixture is incubated with another dye that specifically stains proteins of dead cells, including nuclear proteins. In the final step, cell nuclei are released by Triton X-100, and analyzed by flow cytometry. This results in four nuclear staining patterns that separate target and effector nuclei as well as nuclei of live and dead cells. Analyzing nuclei, instead of cells, greatly reduces flow cytometry errors caused by the presence of target-effector cell aggregates. Target killing time can often be reduced to 2 h and the assay can be done in a high throughput format. We have successfully validated this assay in a variety of cytotoxicity scenarios including those mediated by NK-92 cells, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells, and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL). Therefore, this technique is broadly applicable, highly sensitive and easily administered, making it a powerful tool to assess immunotherapy-based, cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Rabinovich
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Samuel R Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Bao-Hui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Marina Komarovskaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Alexey Bersenev
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Michael E Hurwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Diane S Krause
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Sherman M Weissman
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA.
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28
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Baldassari LE, Feng J, Macaron G, Planchon SM, Alshehri E, Moss BP, Ontaneda D, Willis MA. Tuberculosis screening in multiple sclerosis: effect of disease-modifying therapies and lymphopenia on the prevalence of indeterminate TB screening results in the clinical setting. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2019; 5:2055217319875467. [PMID: 31588362 PMCID: PMC6740049 DOI: 10.1177/2055217319875467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis screening is recommended in multiple sclerosis patients starting certain disease-modifying therapies. Disease-modifying therapies may affect interferon-gamma release assay results. Objective To determine the effects of multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies on interferon-gamma release assay results. Methods Indeterminate interferon-gamma release assay results among multiple sclerosis patients were compared across disease-modifying therapies by Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression evaluated the effects of lymphopenia on interferon-gamma release assay results. Results A total of 1058 patients underwent interferon-gamma release assay: 2.0% (21) positive, 6.1% (65) indeterminate, with 59.4% (628) on disease-modifying therapies. Results were significantly different across disease-modifying therapies (P = 0.002). Absolute lymphocyte count less than 0.5 k/μL had 9.39 times (95% confidence interval 5.2-17.0) increased odds of indeterminate interferon-gamma release assay results. Conclusions Disease-modifying therapies affecting lymphocytes had a higher risk of indeterminate interferon-gamma release assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Feng
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brandon P Moss
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | | | - Mary A Willis
- Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Cleveland Clinic, USA
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Active Tuberculosis in Patients with Psoriasis Receiving Biologic Therapy: A Systematic Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2019; 20:483-491. [PMID: 30919314 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-019-00432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologic therapies pose a risk for opportunistic infections, especially for reactivating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). OBJECTIVE The aim was to describe the clinical features and mortality rate of active Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in psoriasis patients receiving biologic therapies. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed. Studies describing active TB in patients with psoriasis receiving biologic therapy from inception to May 31, 2018 were included. Clinical data as well as mortality rates were recorded. RESULTS Fifty-one studies were included, evaluating 78 patients with active TB: 11 prospective studies, 13 retrospective, and 27 case reports/series. Most patients (73%) with active TB were male, the mean age was 48 ± 13 years, and 85% were of European or Asian origin. Pre-treatment LTBI screening was negative for 63% of patients. Disease presented in 33% of patients within the first 3 months of treatment, and in 51% within the first 6 months. Most patients (72%) presented with extra-pulmonary TB, and 49% had disseminated disease. The mortality rate was 7%. LIMITATIONS Limitations of this review are its small sample size and inclusion of case reports. CONCLUSIONS Some patients develop active TB despite LTBI screening. Clinicians initiating biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis should be aware of the clinical features of active TB in this scenario.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious killer globally and new TB vaccines will be crucial to ending the epidemic. Since the introduction in 1921 of the only currently licensed TB vaccine, BCG, very few novel vaccine candidates or strategies have advanced into clinical efficacy trials. Areas covered: Recently, however, two TB vaccine efficacy trials with novel designs have reported positive results and are now driving new momentum in the field. They are the first Prevention of Infection trial, evaluating the H4:IC31 candidate or BCG revaccination in high-risk adolescents and a Prevention of Disease trial evaluating the M72/AS01E candidate in M.tuberculosis-infected, healthy adults. These trials are briefly reviewed, and lessons learned are proposed to help inform the design of future efficacy trials. The references cited were chosen by the author based on PubMed searches to provide context for the opinions expressed in this Perspective article. Expert opinion: The opportunities created by these two trials for gaining critically important knowledge are game-changing for TB vaccine development. Their results clearly establish feasibility in the relatively near term of developing novel, effective vaccines that could be crucial to ending the TB epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Ginsberg
- a Clinical Development , International AIDS Vaccine Initiative , New York , NY , USA
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Ahn SS, Kwon M, Sung M, Jung SM, Lee SW, Park YB, Kim ST, Song JJ. Ex Vivo Interferon Gamma Production by Peripheral Immune Cells Predicts Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 20:e299-e308. [PMID: 30824332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, with a 5-year survival rate < 20% in patients with stage IV lung cancer. Impaired host immunity is associated with lung cancer pathogenesis, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) plays an important role in antitumor immune surveillance. We evaluated the clinical significance of ex vivo production of IFN-γ in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical records of 109 treatment-naive patients with lung adenocarcinoma who had undergone IFN-γ releasing assay. Differences in the IFN-γ level in nil and mitogen tubes were defined as ex vivo IFN-γ production. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between ex vivo IFN-γ production, cancer staging, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. The optimal cutoff values of low and high ex vivo IFN-γ production were estimated using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic factors of 1-year overall patient survival. RESULTS Ex vivo IFN-γ production correlated with N stage, M stage, cancer staging, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. Low ex vivo IFN-γ production (ex vivo IFN-γ production ≤ 7.79 IU/mL) was independently associated with 1-year overall survival (odds ratio = 3.289; 95% confidence interval, 1.573-6.872; P = .002). Additionally, low ex vivo IFN-γ production was an independent predictor of 1-year overall survival in patients with stage IV cancer (odds ratio = 3.156; 95% confidence interval, 1.473-6.760; P = .003). CONCLUSION Ex vivo IFN-γ production before treatment might be a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Kwon
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Mindong Sung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Taek Kim
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Chae H, Shin SJ. Importance of differential identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains for understanding differences in their prevalence, treatment efficacy, and vaccine development. J Microbiol 2018; 56:300-311. [PMID: 29721826 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a serious global health problem in the 21st century because of its high mortality. Mtb is an extremely successful human-adapted pathogen that displays a multifactorial ability to control the host immune response and to evade killing by drugs, resulting in the breakdown of BCG vaccine-conferred anti-TB immunity and development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb. Although genetic components of the genomes of the Mtb complex strains are highly conserved, showing over 99% similarity to other bacterial genera, recently accumulated evidence suggests that the genetic diversity of the Mtb complex strains has implications for treatment outcomes, development of MDR/XDR Mtb, BCG vaccine efficacy, transmissibility, and epidemiological outbreaks. Thus, new insights into the pathophysiological features of the Mtb complex strains are required for development of novel vaccines and for control of MDR/XDR Mtb infection, eventually leading to refinement of treatment regimens and the health care system. Many studies have focused on the differential identification of Mtb complex strains belonging to different lineages because of differences in their virulence and geographical dominance. In this review, we discuss the impact of differing genetic characteristics among Mtb complex strains on vaccine efficacy, treatment outcome, development of MDR/XDR Mtb strains, and epidemiological outbreaks by focusing on the best-adapted human Mtb lineages. We further explore the rationale for differential identification of Mtb strains for more effective control of TB in clinical and laboratory settings by scrutinizing current diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansong Chae
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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MicroRNA-29b/142-5p contribute to the pathogenesis of biliary atresia by regulating the IFN-γ gene. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 29748604 PMCID: PMC5945737 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biliary atresia is one of the most common liver disease in infancy. The cause and pathogenesis remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the potential regulatory effect of miR-29b/142-5p on IFN-γ gene methylation. miRNAs microarray was performed on four pairs of liver and blood specimens from biliary atresia and choledochal cysts. We found the overexpression of miR-142-5p and mRNA level of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1, and miR-29b and DNMT3a/DNMT3b were significantly negatively correlated in biliary atresia livers. Meanwhile, the methylation of the LINE-1, ALU and SAT2 repetitive sequences and the IFN-γ promoter was lower, but the expression of IFN-γ was upregulated. After transfected with DNMTs siRNAs, downregulation of DNMTs exerted a significant hypomethylating effect on the repetitive sequences, which led to upregulation of IFN-γ in Jurkat cells. The direct interactions between miR-29b and DNMT3a/3b, and miR-142-5p and DNMT1 were identified using luciferase reporter assays. By transfecting mimics of miR-29b/142-5p into Jurkat cells, we found overexpression of miR-29b/142-5p markedly suppressed expression of DNMTs. Furthermore, the methylation of repetitive sequences and the IFN-γ promoter region were remarkably downregulated, and with elevated IFN-γ expression. After transfecting the miRNA inhibitors, the levels of DNMTs and the methylation of the IFN-γ gene promoter region was upregulated, while levels of IFN-γ were markedly suppressed. Our study suggested that miRNA-29b/142-5p overexpression and targeted inhibition of DNMTs expression resulted in decreased overall gene methylation and overexpression of the methylation-sensitive IFN-γ gene.
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Kerrigan D, Tudor C, Motlhaoleng K, Lebina L, Qomfu C, Variava E, Chon S, Martinson N, Golub JE. Relevance and acceptability of using the Quantiferon gold test (QGIT) to screen CD4 blood draws for latent TB infection among PLHIV in South Africa: formative qualitative research findings from the TEKO trial. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:288. [PMID: 29661197 PMCID: PMC5902890 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV), despite the availability of effective preventive therapy. The TEKO trial is assessing the impact of using a blood test, Quantiferon-TB Gold In-Tube Test (QGIT), to screen for latent TB compared to the Tuberculin Screening Test (TST) among PLHIV in South Africa. Methods Fifty-six qualitative interviews were conducted with PLHIV and clinical providers participating in the TEKO trial. We explored TB screening, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines and processes and the use of the QGIT to screen for latent TB infection at the time of CD4 blood draw. Thematic content analysis was conducted. Results Considerable variability in TB screening procedures was documented due to lack of personnel and clarity regarding current national TB guidelines for PLHIV. Few clinics had started using the TST per national guidelines and many patients had never heard of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). Nearly all participants supported the idea of latent TB screening using routine blood drawn for CD4 counts. Conclusions Findings indicate that screening for latent TB infection using QGIT from blood drawn for CD4 counts among PLHIV is an acceptable approach to increase latent TB detection given the challenges associated with ensuring systematic latent TB screening in overburdened public clinics. Trial registration The results presented here were from formative research related to the TEKO trial (Identifier NCT02119130, registered 10 April 2014). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3088-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Kerrigan
- The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, 624 North Broadway Street, HH257, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Carrie Tudor
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katlego Motlhaoleng
- The University of the Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Limakatso Lebina
- The University of the Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cokiswa Qomfu
- The University of the Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ebrahim Variava
- The University of the Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sandy Chon
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil Martinson
- The University of the Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jonathan E Golub
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Center for Tuberculosis Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ilievska-Poposka B, Metodieva M, Zakoska M, Vragoterova C, Trajkov D. Latent Tuberculosis Infection - Diagnosis and Treatment. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:651-655. [PMID: 29731933 PMCID: PMC5927496 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is defined as a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without evidence of clinically manifested active tuberculosis (TB). Diagnosis and treatment for LTBI are important for TB, especially in high-risk populations. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are used to diagnose LTBI. AIM: The study aims to present the first results with IGRA test compared with TST in the screening of LTBI and the treatment results in the cases with LTBI in Macedonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study 73 cases diagnosed and treated with LTBI in 2016 were included. For diagnosis of LTBI, we used TST RT -23 5T.U. and commercial IGRA test such as QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT). RESULTS: Out of 73 cases with LTBI, 61.64% were men, and 38.36% were women. Among all age groups, the most frequent were cases between 5 and 14 years old (54.79%). Among the evaluated risk groups for LTBI, the most frequent were children household contacts with pulmonary TB cases (61-83.65%), followed by people living with HIV (9-12.33%) and only 3 cases with other medical reasons. Positive TST had 34 cases (46.57%) and positive IGRA test 25 cases (34.25%). Regarding the treatment regimes, we use two regimes: 50 cases (68.44%) received 6 months daily regime with Isoniazid, and 23 cases (31.51%) received 3 months daily regime with Isoniazid and Rifampicin. Treatment outcomes showed that the most patients completed treatment regimes: 55 (75.34%) and only 10 (13.09%) interrupted the treatment. CONCLUSION: Despite the progress made in the last few years, several challenges remain to be addressed for better management of LTBI which will contribute to strength TB control in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Metodieva
- Institute for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Maja Zakoska
- Institute for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Cveta Vragoterova
- Institute for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dejan Trajkov
- Institute for Immunobiology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Du F, Xie L, Zhang Y, Gao F, Zhang H, Chen W, Sun B, Sha W, Fang Y, Jia H, Xing A, Du B, Zheng L, Gao M, Zhang Z. Prospective Comparison of QFT-GIT and T-SPOT.TB Assays for Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5882. [PMID: 29651163 PMCID: PMC5897568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) tests, as two commercial blood assays for diagnosing active tuberculosis (ATB), are not yet fully validated. Especially, there are no reports on comparing the efficacy between the two tests in the same population in China. A multicenter, prospective comparison study was undertaken at four hospitals specializing in pulmonary diseases. A total of 746 suspected pulmonary TB were enrolled and categorized, including 185 confirmed TB, 298 probable TB and 263 non-TB. Of 32 patients with indeterminate test results (ITRs), age and underlying disease were associated with the rate of ITRs. Furthermore, the rate of ITRs determined by T-SPOT.TB was lower than QFT-GIT (0.4% vs. 4.3%, P < 0.01). When excluding ITRs, the sensitivities of T-SPOT.TB and QFT-GIT were 85.2% and 84.8%, and specificities of 63.4% and 60.5%, respectively in the diagnosis of ATB. The two assays have an overall agreement of 92.3%, but exhibited a poor linear correlation (r2 = 0.086) between the levels of interferon-γ release detected by the different assays. Although having some heterogeneity in detecting interferon-γ release, both the QFT-GIT and T-SPOT.TB demonstrated high concordance in diagnosing ATB. However, neither of them showed suitability in the definitive diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Li Xie
- Tuberculosis Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Tuberculosis Department, Inner Mongolia Fourth Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Tuberculosis Department, Inner Mongolia Fourth Hospital, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Bingqi Sun
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Tuberculosis Department, Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Tuberculosis Department, Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hongyan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Aiying Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Boping Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Mengqiu Gao
- Tuberculosis Department, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China.
| | - Zongde Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China.
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Wang S, Wu J, Chen J, Gao Y, Zhang S, Zhou Z, Huang H, Shao L, Jin J, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses for the discrimination of active and latent tuberculosis infection. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 70:1-9. [PMID: 29410147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The serological antibody detection tests offer several advantages for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibody responses associated with different stages of TB infection remain to be investigated. METHODS The Pathozyme-Myco IgG (Myco G), Pathozyme TB Complex Plus (TB Complex), IBL M. tuberculosis IgG ELISA (IBL), Anda Biologicals TB IgG (Anda-TB), and T-SPOT.TB (T-SPOT) tests were performed for 133 active TB patients (ATB group), 131 controls (CON group), and 95 subjects with latent TB infection (LTBI group). RESULTS The four serological tests all showed relatively low sensitivity in the ATB group but high specificity in the LTBI and CON groups. The antibody levels of the four serological tests were significantly higher in the ATB group than in the LTBI group. The same trend was observed between the LTBI and CON groups. The four serological tests demonstrated potential diagnostic value in discriminating ATB from LTBI. A combination of the Anda-TB and TB Complex tests exhibited the best diagnostic potential in discriminating ATB from LTBI, with a sensitivity of 89.4% and a specificity of 94.7%. Further, the diagnostic value of Anda-TB and TB Complex were validated in a prospective cohort including 106 patients with suspected ATB. Combined with the T-SPOT test, the tests showed a sensitivity of 87.2% and a specificity of 92.5% for discriminating ATB patients from all ATB suspected cases in the validation group. CONCLUSIONS The antibody responses of the serological tests all showed significant differences between the ATB and LTBI groups. A combination of Anda-TB and the TB Complex test demonstrated high diagnostic potential in discriminating ATB from LTBI and may be an additional diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zumo Zhou
- People's Hospital of Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- People's Hospital of Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Jin
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; MOH and MOE Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; MOH and MOE Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Tang Y, Yin L, Tang S, Zhang H, Lan J. Application of molecular, microbiological, and immunological tests for the diagnosis of bone and joint tuberculosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22260. [PMID: 28543876 PMCID: PMC6816924 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the application of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), rifampicin resistant real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (Xpert MTB/RIF), and the levels of TNF-α and TGF-β in the diagnosis of bone and joint tuberculosis. METHODS Eighty-six patients with bone and joint tuberculosis, diagnosed by pathology or microbiology, were examined by Xpert MTB/RIF and IGRA (T-SPOT. TB) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and the TNF-α and TGF-β levels of the patients were measured. RESULTS The sensitivity of IGRA in diagnosing bone and joint tuberculosis was 81.4%; Xpert MTB/RIF's sensitivity was 70.9%. The combined sensitivity of the two methods was 91.9%. The combined detection sensitivity of the two methods was higher than individual IGRA or Xpert MTB/RIF detection sensitivity. The TNF-α and TGF-β levels in bone and joint tuberculosis patients were higher than those in the control group. CONCLUSION Xpert MTB/RIF, IGRA, TNF-α, and TGF-βs expression have value in the rapid diagnosis of bone and joint tuberculosis, and the sensitivity and accuracy of bone and joint tuberculosis diagnosis by combining them can improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Tang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryLiuzhou traditional Chinese Medical Hospitalthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of traditional Chinese MedicineLiuzhouGuangxiChina
| | - Lianli Yin
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryLiuzhou traditional Chinese Medical Hospitalthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of traditional Chinese MedicineLiuzhouGuangxiChina
| | - Shifu Tang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryLiuzhou traditional Chinese Medical Hospitalthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of traditional Chinese MedicineLiuzhouGuangxiChina
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryLiuzhou traditional Chinese Medical Hospitalthe Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of traditional Chinese MedicineLiuzhouGuangxiChina
| | - Jihui Lan
- Department of Laboratory ScienceGuangxi Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Centerthe Longtan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionLiuzhouGuangxiChina
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Xu HY, Li CY, Su SS, Yang L, Ye M, Ye JR, Ke PP, Chen CS, Xie YP, Li YP. Diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy with combination of adenosine deaminase and interferon-γ immunospot assay in a tuberculosis-endemic population: A prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8412. [PMID: 29381918 PMCID: PMC5708917 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the optimal cut-off value of T cell enzyme-linked immunospot assay for tuberculosis (T-SPOT.TB) and evaluate its diagnostic performance alone (in the peripheral blood) or in combination with the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity test (in peripheral blood and the pleural fluid) in patients with tuberculous pleurisy.Adult patients presenting with pleural effusion were included in this prospective cohort study. Tuberculous pleurisy was diagnosed by T-SPOT.TB in peripheral blood and a combination of T-SPOT.TB and ADA activity test in pleural fluid and peripheral blood. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in combination with multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the assays.Among a total of 189 patients with suspected tuberculous pleurisy who were prospectively enrolled in this study, 177 patients were validated for inclusion in the final analysis. ROC analysis revealed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for T-SPOT.TB in pleural fluid and peripheral blood was 0.918 and 0.881, respectively, and for the ADA activity test in pleural fluid was 0.944. In addition, 95.5 spot-forming cells (SFCs)/2.5 × 10 cells were determined as the optimal cut-off value for T-SPOT.TB in pleural fluid. Parallel combination of T-SPOT.TB and ADA activity test in pleural fluid showed increased sensitivity (96.9%) and specificity (87.5%), whereas serial combination showed increased specificity (97.5%). The combination of 3 assays had the highest sensitivity at 97.9%, with an AUC value of 0.964.T-SPOT.TB in pleural fluid performed better than that in peripheral blood and the ADA activity test in pleural fluid for tuberculous pleurisy diagnosis. The optimal cut-off value of T-SPOT.TB in pleural fluid was 95.5 SFCs/2.5 × 10 cells. Combination of 3 assays might be a promising approach for tuberculous pleurisy diagnosis.
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Abstract
Since its discovery by Theobald Smith, Mycobacterium bovis has been a human pathogen closely related to animal disease. At present, M. bovis tuberculosis is still a problem of importance in many countries and is considered the main cause of zoonotic tuberculosis throughout the world. Recent development of molecular epidemiological tools has helped us to improve our knowledge about transmission patterns of this organism, which causes a disease indistinguishable from that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnosis and treatment of this mycobacterium are similar to those for conventional tuberculosis, with the important exceptions of constitutive resistance to pyrazinamide and the fact that multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant M. bovis strains have been described. Among other members of this complex, Mycobacterium africanum is the cause of many cases of tuberculosis in West Africa and can be found in other areas mainly in association with immigration. M. bovis BCG is the currently available vaccine for tuberculosis, but it can cause disease in some patients. Other members of the M. tuberculosis complex are mainly animal pathogens with only exceptional cases of human disease, and there are even some strains, like "Mycobacterium canettii," which is a rare human pathogen that could have an important role in the knowledge of the evolution of tuberculosis in the history.
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Role of Interferons in the Development of Diagnostics, Vaccines, and Therapy for Tuberculosis. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:5212910. [PMID: 28713838 PMCID: PMC5496129 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5212910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). About one-third of the world's population is latently infected with TB and 5–15% of them will develop active TB in their lifetime. It is estimated that each case of active TB may cause 10–20 new infections. Host immune response to Mtb is influenced by interferon- (IFN-) signaling pathways, particularly by type I and type II interferons (IFNs). The latter that consists of IFN-γ has been associated with the promotion of Th1 immune response which is associated with protection against TB. Although this aspect remains controversial at present due to the lack of established correlates of protection, currently, there are different prophylactic, diagnostic, and immunotherapeutic approaches in which IFNs play an important role. This review summarizes the main aspects related with the biology of IFNs, mainly associated with TB, as well as presents the main applications of these cytokines related to prophylaxis, diagnosis, and immunotherapy of TB.
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Ang M, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Sharma K, Accorinti M, Sharma A, Gupta A, Rao NA, Chee SP. Diagnosis of Ocular Tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 26:208-216. [PMID: 27379384 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1178304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ocular tuberculosis remains a presumptive clinical diagnosis, as the gold standard tests for diagnosing ocular tuberculosis are often not useful: Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures require weeks to process on Lowenstein-Jenson media and have low yield from ocular samples; while acid-fast bacilli smears or polymerase chain reaction detection of M. tuberculosis DNA have low sensitivities. Thus, diagnosis is often based on suggestive clinical signs, which are supported by positive investigations: tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assays; chest X-ray findings suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis, and/or evidence of associated systemic tuberculosis infections in the absence of other underlying disease. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the methods of diagnosing ocular tuberculosis, and discuss the challenges of its diagnosis. We also suggest a step-ladder approach to a more accurate diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis by combining the available diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Ang
- a Singapore National Eye Centre , Singapore.,b Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore.,c Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.,d Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Duke-National University of Singapore, Graduate Medical School , Singapore
| | - Daniel V Vasconcelos-Santos
- e Department of Ophthalmology , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,f Hospital São Geraldo/HC - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Kusum Sharma
- g Department of Medical Microbiology, Internal Medicine , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
| | - Massimo Accorinti
- h Department of Ophthalmology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Aman Sharma
- g Department of Medical Microbiology, Internal Medicine , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
| | - Amod Gupta
- g Department of Medical Microbiology, Internal Medicine , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India.,i Department of Ophthalmology , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
| | - Narsing A Rao
- j USC Eye Institute , Los Angeles , USA.,k Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles , USA
| | - Soon-Phaik Chee
- a Singapore National Eye Centre , Singapore.,b Singapore Eye Research Institute , Singapore.,c Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.,d Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , Duke-National University of Singapore, Graduate Medical School , Singapore
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Guinard E, Bulai Livideanu C, Barthélémy H, Viguier M, Reguiai Z, Richard M, Jullien D, Beneton N, Bara C, Vabres P, Grandvuillemin A, Marguery M, Amelot F, Konstantinou M, Bagheri H, Paul C. Active tuberculosis in psoriasis patients treated with TNF antagonists: a French nationwide retrospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:1336-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Guinard
- Service de dermatologie; CHU Toulouse Larrey; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - C. Bulai Livideanu
- Service de dermatologie; CHU Toulouse Larrey; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | | | - M. Viguier
- Service de dermatologie; CHU Saint Louis; Paris France
| | - Z. Reguiai
- Service de dermatologie; CHU de Reims; Reims France
| | - M.A. Richard
- Service de dermatologie; Hôpital Timone; Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille; Université Aix Marseille; Marseille France
- UMR 911; INSERM CRO2, “Centre de recherche en oncologie biologique et onco phamacologie; Marseille France
| | - D. Jullien
- Service de dermatologie; CHU Lyon; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - N. Beneton
- Service de dermatologie; CH du Mans; Le Mans France
| | - C. Bara
- Service de dermatologie; CH du Mans; Le Mans France
| | - P. Vabres
- Service de dermatologie; CHU Dijon; Dijon France
| | | | - M.C. Marguery
- Service de dermatologie; CHU Toulouse Larrey; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - F. Amelot
- Service de dermatologie; CHU Toulouse Larrey; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - M.P. Konstantinou
- Service de dermatologie; CHU Toulouse Larrey; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
| | - H. Bagheri
- Service de pharmacologie médicale et clinique; CHU Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - C. Paul
- Service de dermatologie; CHU Toulouse Larrey; Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse France
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El-Sokkary RH, Abu-Taleb AM, El-Seifi OS, Zidan HE, Mortada EM, El-Hossary D, Farag SE. Assessing the Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis among Health Care Providers in Zagazig City, Egypt Using Tuberculin Skin Test and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test. Cent Eur J Public Health 2016; 23:324-30. [PMID: 26841146 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Early detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) will prevent development of active TB among health care providers. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of LTBI among health care providers and compare the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test (QFT-GIT) and Tuberculin skin test in efforts to detect LTBI and to investigate possible associated risk factors of infection. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out during the period of 6 months in the Chest Hospital in Zagazig city and the Nephrology Unit at Zagazig University Hospitals in 132 randomly selected health care providers who were examined for LTBI by QFT-GIT and Tuberculin skin test and for the associated risk factors as well. RESULTS The prevalence of LTBI identified by QFT-GIT and by Tuberculin skin test was 28.8% and 59.1%, respectively. Poor agreement was observed between the two tests (kappa=0.10). Working more than 10 years, being nurse, diabetic and smoker were risk factors significantly associated with LTBI (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS QFT-GIT is considered a useful tool in detecting LTBI cases, especially in a country where BCG vaccination is a national policy (as in Egypt). Duration of work, profession, diabetes and smoking are the risk factors for LTBI. Active surveillance and infection control measures are recommended to reduce the risk of LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab H El-Sokkary
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashwak M Abu-Taleb
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omnia S El-Seifi
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Zidan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M Mortada
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Dalia El-Hossary
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Salama E Farag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Urzua CA, Liberman P, Abuauad S, Sabat P, Castiglione E, Beltran-Videla MA, Aguilera R. Evaluation of the Accuracy of T-SPOT.TB for the Diagnosis of Ocular Tuberculosis in a BCG-vaccinated, Non-endemic Population. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 25:455-459. [PMID: 26942470 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2015.1135965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the performance of T-SPOT.TB, an interferon gamma release assay test, in patients with ocular tuberculosis (TB) in a BCG-vaccinated, non-endemic population. METHODS We employed a nested case-control design. In total, 45 subjects were enrolled (23 patients with ocular tuberculosis and 22 patients with other causes of uveitis). A blood sample was collected from each subject, and T-SPOT.TB was executed. Laboratory professionals were blinded to the disease status of each subject. RESULTS Five patients were excluded because of indeterminate results. The calculated sensitivity and specificity were 0.80 and 0.85, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 5.33 and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.23. The overall accuracy of the test was 0.83. CONCLUSIONS T-SPOT.TB adequately diagnosed ocular TB. This technique is particularly useful in populations where BCG vaccinations are still mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian A Urzua
- a Uveitis Department , Hospital del Salvador , Santiago , Chile.,b Ophthalmology Department , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,c Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Paulina Liberman
- d Ophthalmology Department , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Sergio Abuauad
- b Ophthalmology Department , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,c Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Pablo Sabat
- a Uveitis Department , Hospital del Salvador , Santiago , Chile.,b Ophthalmology Department , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Enzo Castiglione
- b Ophthalmology Department , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,c Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Raquel Aguilera
- e Laboratory of Immunology , Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Xiao HJ, Li J, Song HM, Li ZH, Dong M, Zhou XG. Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive T/NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders Manifested as Gastrointestinal Perforations and Skin Lesions: A Case Report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2676. [PMID: 26844502 PMCID: PMC4748919 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) of childhood is a highly aggressive EBV-positive T/natural killer (NK)-cell LPD, which emerges in the background of chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) or shortly after primary acute EBV infection. The clinical presentations of CAEBV are varied; patients with atypical manifestations are easily misdiagnosed. We described a 14-year-old boy suffering from digestive disorders and intermittent fever for 1 year and 9 months, whose conditions worsened and skin lesions occurred 2 months before hospitalization. He was diagnosed as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and treated accordingly. His other clinical features, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated inflammatory marks, were found in hospitalization. The boy suffered from repeatedly spontaneous intestinal perforations shortly after hospitalization and died of intestinal hemorrhea. The pathological results of intestine and skin both showed EBV-positive T/NK-cell LPD (lymphoma stage).There are rare studies reporting gastrointestinal perforations in EBV-positive T/NK-cell LPD, let alone repeatedly spontaneous perforations. Based on the clinical features and pathological results of this patient, the disease progressed from CAEBV (T-cell type) to systemic EBV-positive T-cell LPD of childhood (lymphoma). Not all the patients with CAEBV could have unusual patterns of anti-EBV antibodies. However, the presence of high EBV loads (EBV-encoded early small ribonucleic acid (RNA) (EBER) in affected tissues and/or EBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in peripheral blood) is essential for diagnosing CAEBV. Maybe because of his less common clinical features for CAEBV and negative anti-EBV antibodies, the boy was not diagnosed correctly. We should have emphasized the test for EBER or EBV-DNA. Meanwhile, for the IBD patients whose manifestations were not typical, and whose conditions were not improved by suitable therapies against IBD, infectious and malignant diseases should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Juan Xiao
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (X-HJ, L-J, S-HM, L-ZH, D-M); and Department of pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Z-XG)
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Khazraiyan H, Liaei ZA, Koochak HE, Ardalan FA, Ahmadinejad Z, Soltani A. Utility of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test in the Diagnosis of Latent TB in HIV-Positive Patients in a Medium-TB Burden Country. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2015; 15:101-6. [PMID: 26514628 DOI: 10.1177/2325957415614645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors aimed to compare TST with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in HIV-infected patients in Iran as a TB-medium endemic country. METHODS In a cross-sectional design,130 HIV-positive patients in HIV clinic of Tehran University were studied. Patients screened for LTBI with QFT and TST simultaneously. Concordance between 2 tests results and variables associated with tests discordance were assessed. RESULTS Positive results found in 24.6% for TST and 7.7% for QFT. Overall agreement between them was 73.85% (Kappa = 0.083). History of imprisonment was associated with more positive TST (P = 0.014) and QFT (P = 0.01). Patients with intravenous drug use (IDU) history had significant discordant results (0.018). CONCLUSION The authors recommend QFT for all negative cases of TST in HIV-positive patients especially who had history of IDU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Khazraiyan
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdi Liaei
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Emadi Koochak
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Azmoudeh Ardalan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadinejad
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Soltani
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Karataş Toğral A, Muştu Koryürek Ö, Şahin M, Bulut C, Yağci S, Ekşioğlu HM. Association of clinical properties and compatibility of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test with the tuberculin skin test in patients with psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 2015; 55:629-33. [PMID: 26498894 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with psoriasis show conflicting responses to the tuberculin skin test (TST), a commonly used screening test for latent tuberculosis infection. An alternative to TST is QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT), an in vitro interferon-gamma release assay. This study aimed to determine the effect of the clinical properties of psoriasis (disease severity and koebnerization status) on TST results and the agreement between the TST and QFT-GIT results in psoriatic patients. METHODS One hundred patients with mild to severe psoriasis were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Psoriasis properties, including disease severity (psoriasis area and severity index score and koebnerization status), latent tuberculosis infection risk factors, and bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination history, were recorded. All patients underwent a TST and QFT-GIT. TST positivity cut-off point was ≥10 mm for bacillus Calmette-Guérin-vaccinated patients and ≥5 mm for non-vaccinated patients. RESULTS Psoriasis area and severity index scores and koebnerization status did not correlate with TST diameters. Only one of the 23 koebnerization-positive patients developed koebnerization in response to TST. QFT-GIT positivity was prominently higher in the TST-positive group, and this was the only factor that differed between the TST-positive and TST-negative groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Tuberculin skin test results were not affected by psoriasis severity or koebnerization status. QFT-GIT positivity was prominently higher in the TST-positive group (P < 0.001). Overall agreement between TST and QFT-GIT results was moderate (κ = 0.413). Concurrent negativity (44%) was higher than concurrent positivity (27%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Karataş Toğral
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ankara Education and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgül Muştu Koryürek
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ankara Education and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Şahin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ankara Education and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemal Bulut
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankara Education and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Server Yağci
- Department of Microbiology, Ankara Education and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Meral Ekşioğlu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ankara Education and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhai MX, Chen F, Zhao YY, Wu YH, Li GD, Gao YF, Qi YM. Novel epitopes identified from efflux pumps of Mycobacterium tuberculosis could induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1229. [PMID: 26417538 PMCID: PMC4582945 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming drug-resistance is one of the major challenges to control tuberculosis (TB). The up-regulation of efflux pumps is one common mechanism that leads to drug-resistance. Therefore, immunotherapy targeting these efflux pump antigens could be promising strategy to be combined with current chemotherapy. Considering that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by antigenic peptides (epitopes) could elicit HLA-restricted anti-TB immune response, efflux pumps from classical ABC family (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb) were chosen as target antigens to identify CTL epitopes. HLA-A2 restricted candidate peptides from Rv2937, Rv2686c and Rv2687c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were predicted, synthesized and tested. Five peptides could induce IFN-γ release and cytotoxic activity in PBMCs from HLA-A2+ PPD+ donors. Results from HLA-A2/Kb transgenic mice immunization assay suggested that four peptides Rv2937-p168, Rv2937-p266, Rv2686c-p151, and Rv2686c-p181 could induce significant CTL response in vivo. These results suggested that these novel epitopes could be used as immunotherapy candidates to TB drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xia Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Ya-Hong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Guo-Dong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yan-Feng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yuan-Ming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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Chaves AS, Rodrigues MF, Mattos AMM, Teixeira HC. Challenging Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy mechanisms and their immunodiagnostic potential. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 19:636-42. [PMID: 26358744 PMCID: PMC9425411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis, one of the world's greatest cause of morbidity and mortality due to infectious disease. Many evolutionary mechanisms have contributed to its high level of adaptation as a host pathogen. Prior to become dormant, a group of about 50 genes related to metabolic changes are transcribed by the DosR regulon, one of the most complex and important systems of host-pathogen interaction. This genetic mechanism allows the mycobacteria to persist during long time periods, establishing the so-called latent infection. Even in the presence of a competent immune response, the host cannot eliminate the pathogen, only managing to keep it surrounded by an unfavorable microenvironment for its growth. However, conditions such as immunosuppression may reestablish optimal conditions for bacterial growth, culminating in the onset of active disease. The interactions between the pathogen and its host are still not completely elucidated. Nonetheless, many studies are being carried out in order to clarify this complex relationship, thus creating new possibilities for patient approach and laboratory screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Silva Chaves
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele Fernandes Rodrigues
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Márcia Menezes Mattos
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique Couto Teixeira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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