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de Sarges KML, Póvoa da Costa F, dos Santos EF, Cantanhede MHD, da Silva R, Veríssimo ADOL, Viana MDNDSDA, Rodrigues FBB, Leite MDM, Torres MKDS, Bentes da Silva C, de Brito MTFM, da Silva ALS, Henriques DF, Vallinoto IMVC, Viana GMR, Queiroz MAF, Vallinoto ACR, dos Santos EJM. Association of the IFNG +874T/A Polymorphism with Symptomatic COVID-19 Susceptibility. Viruses 2024; 16:650. [PMID: 38675991 PMCID: PMC11053931 DOI: 10.3390/v16040650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) are important inflammatory mediators in the development of cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) regulate the expression of these cytokines, making host genetics a key factor in the prognosis of COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the associations of the TNF -308G/A and IFNG +874T/A polymorphisms with COVID-19. We analyzed the frequencies of the two polymorphisms in the control groups (CG: TNF -308G/A, n = 497; IFNG +874T/A, n = 397), a group of patients with COVID-19 (CoV, n = 222) and among the subgroups of patients with nonsevere (n = 150) and severe (n = 72) COVID-19. We found no significant difference between the genotypic and allelic frequencies of TNF -308G/A in the groups analyzed; however, both the frequencies of the high expression genotype (TT) (CoV: 13.51% vs. CG: 6.30%; p = 0.003) and the *T allele (CoV: 33.56% vs. CG: 24. 81%; p = 0.001) of the IFNG +874T/A polymorphism were higher in the COVID-19 group than in the control group, with no differences between the subgroups of patients with nonsevere and severe COVID-19. The *T allele of IFNG +874T/A (rs2430561) is associated with susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19. These SNPs provided valuables clues about the potential mechanism involved in the susceptibility to developing symptomatic COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Matheus Lima de Sarges
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
| | - Flávia Póvoa da Costa
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
| | - Erika Ferreira dos Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
| | - Marcos Henrique Damasceno Cantanhede
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
| | - Rosilene da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
| | | | - Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida Viana
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
| | - Fabíola Brasil Barbosa Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
| | - Mauro de Meira Leite
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
| | - Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil
| | - Christiane Bentes da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
| | - Mioni Thieli Figueiredo Magalhães de Brito
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil
| | - Andréa Luciana Soares da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Freitas Henriques
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67000-000, Brazil;
| | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Rachid Viana
- Malaria Basic Research Laboratory, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67000-000, Brazil;
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Melo dos Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (K.M.L.d.S.); (F.P.d.C.); (E.F.d.S.); (M.H.D.C.); (R.d.S.); (M.d.N.d.S.d.A.V.); (F.B.B.R.); (M.d.M.L.); (C.B.d.S.); (M.T.F.M.d.B.); (A.L.S.d.S.)
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil; (M.K.d.S.T.); (I.M.V.C.V.); (M.A.F.Q.); (A.C.R.V.)
- Graduate Program in Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Pará, Belem 66000-000, Brazil
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Hu Y, Guo H, He L, Wang Q, Li Y, Weng J, Zhang R. The Correlation Between IFNG Gene Methylation and Th1|Th2 Cell Balance in ROU and the Interventional Study of Jiaweidaochi Powder. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6737-6751. [PMID: 36917437 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of recurrent oral ulcers (ROU) is complex, with a long duration of illness and challenging to cure. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),"heat accumulation in the heart-spleen" is one of the main causative factors. Jiaweidaochi powder (JWDCP) is based on the ancient Chinese medicine formula JWDCS, with the addition of Tongcao and gypsum and the removal of Mu Tong. It is generally used to treat "heat accumulation in the heart-spleen." Previous studies have demonstrated that it effectively reduces recurrence rates and is anti-inflammatory in modulating immunity. The ROU rats' model for JWDCP intervention treatment had been established, and histological tests revealed that JWDCP has a therapeutic effect on the pathological changes in the oral mucosa. In addition, the methylation levels of peripheral blood IFNG gene were detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP), and the methylation levels of the IFNG promoter region in the model group and each dose group were lower than those in the control group. However, no significant methylation differences were observed. Furthermore, the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that JWDCP could reduce IFN-γ and IL-4 protein concentrations, with high GATA-3 mRNA production, T-bet mRNAproduction was upgraded, elevated IL-4 mRNA levels, and reduced IFN-γ mRNA levels after treatment (P < 0.001). The expression of transcription factor T-betmRNA and GATA-3 gene mRNA was accompanied by changes in IFN-γmRNA and IL-4mRNA, demonstrating that Th2 type differentiation in RAS suppresses the body's immunity and that the imbalance of transcription factor expression further leads to Th1/Th2 drift. JWDCP is likely to reduce the protein concentration by regulating the imbalance of transcription factors and enhancing antioxidant capacity, thus achieving therapeutic effects. Treatment of recurrent oral ulcer models is not sufficient to reset IFNG methylation levels, correlating with the refractoriness of ROU, further confirming the complexity of epigenetic mechanisms and that epigenetic alterations in specific mediators may persist locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Graduate School, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Lu He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xingyi People's Hospital, Xingyi, 562400, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Jiankun Weng
- Department of Graduate School, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Kanis FM, Meier JP, Guldan H, Niller HH, Dahm M, Dansard A, Zander T, Struck F, Soutschek E, Deml L, Möbus S, Barabas S. Performance of T-Track ® SARS-CoV-2, an Innovative Dual Marker RT-qPCR-Based Whole-Blood Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2-Reactive T Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2722. [PMID: 37685260 PMCID: PMC10486492 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) plays a central role in the control of the virus. In this study, we evaluated the performance of T-Track® SARS-CoV-2, a novel CE-marked quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, which relies on the combined evaluation of IFNG and CXCL10 mRNA levels in response to the S1 and NP SARS-CoV-2 antigens, in 335 participants with or without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, respectively. Of the 62 convalescent donors, 100% responded to S1 and 88.7% to NP antigens. In comparison, of the 68 naïve donors, 4.4% were reactive to S1 and 19.1% to NP. Convalescent donors <50 and ≥50 years of age demonstrated a 100% S1 reactivity and an 89.1% and 87.5% NP reactivity, respectively. T-cell responses by T-Track® SARS-CoV-2 and IgG serology by recomLine SARS-CoV-2 IgG according to the time from the last immunisation (by vaccination or viral infection) were comparable. Both assays showed a persistent cellular and humoral response for at least 36 weeks post immunisation in vaccinated and convalescent donors. Our results demonstrate the very good performance of the T-Track® SARS-CoV-2 molecular assay and suggest that it might be suitable to monitor the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response in COVID-19 vaccinations trials and cross-reactivity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans-Helmut Niller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Gorzkiewicz M, Łoś-Rycharska E, Gawryjołek J, Gołębiewski M, Krogulska A, Grzybowski T. The methylation profile of IL4, IL5, IL10, IFNG and FOXP3 associated with environmental exposures differed between Polish infants with the food allergy and/or atopic dermatitis and without the disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209190. [PMID: 37520545 PMCID: PMC10373304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epigenetic dynamics has been indicated to play a role in allergy development. The environmental stimuli have been shown to influence the methylation processes. This study investigated the differences in CpGs methylation rate of immune-attached genes between healthy and allergic infants. The research was aimed at finding evidence for the impact of environmental factors on methylation-based regulation of immunological processes in early childhood. Methods The analysis of methylation level of CpGs in the IL4, IL5, IL10, IFNG and FOXP3 genes was performed using high resolution melt real time PCR technology. DNA was isolated from whole blood of Polish healthy and allergic infants, with food allergy and/or atopic dermatitis, aged under six months. Results The significantly lower methylation level of FOXP3 among allergic infants compared to healthy ones was reported. Additional differences in methylation rates were found, when combining with environmental factors. In different studied groups, negative correlations between age and the IL10 and FOXP3 methylation were detected, and positive - in the case of IL4. Among infants with different allergy symptoms, the decrease in methylation level of IFNG, IL10, IL4 and FOXP3 associated with passive smoke exposure was observed. Complications during pregnancy were linked to different pattern of the IFNG, IL5, IL4 and IL10 methylation depending on allergy status. The IFNG and IL5 methylation rates were higher among exclusively breastfed infants with atopic dermatitis compared to the non-breastfed. A decrease in the IFNG methylation was noted among allergic patients fed exclusively with milk formula. In different study groups, a negative correlation between IFNG, IL5 methylation and maternal BMI or IL5 methylation and weight was noted. Some positive correlations between methylation rate of IL10 and child's weight were found. A higher methylation of IL4 was positively correlated with the number of family members with allergy. Conclusion The FOXP3 methylation in allergic infants was lower than in the healthy ones. The methylation profile of IL4, IL5, IL10, IFNG and FOXP3 associated with environmental exposures differed between the studied groups. The results offer insights into epigenetic regulation of immunological response in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gorzkiewicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Łoś-Rycharska
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Julia Gawryjołek
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Aneta Krogulska
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzybowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Man Y, Dai C, Guo Q, Jiang L, Shi Y. A novel PD-1/PD-L1 pathway molecular typing-related signature for predicting prognosis and the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:59. [PMID: 37154982 PMCID: PMC10167089 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the development of breast cancer immunotherapy based on the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is relatively slow, and the specific mechanism affecting the immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer is still unclear. METHODS Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and the negative matrix factorization (NMF) were used to distinguish subtypes related to the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in breast cancer. Then univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression were used to construct the prognostic signature. A nomogram was established based on the signature. The relationship between the signature gene IFNG and breast cancer tumor microenvironment was analyzed. RESULTS Four PD-1/PD-L1 pathway-related subtypes were distinguished. A prognostic signature related to PD-1/PD-L1 pathway typing was constructed to evaluate breast cancer's clinical characteristics and tumor microenvironment. The nomogram based on the RiskScore could be used to accurately predict breast cancer patients' 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival probability. The expression of IFNG was positively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION A prognostic signature is constructed based on the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway typing in breast cancer, which can guide the precise treatment of breast cancer. The signature gene IFNG is positively related to CD8+ T cell infiltration in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Man
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Dai
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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da Silva R, de Sarges KML, Cantanhede MHD, da Costa FP, Dos Santos EF, Rodrigues FBB, de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida Viana M, de Meira Leite M, da Silva ALS, de Brito MTM, da Silva Torres MK, Queiroz MAF, Vallinoto IMVC, Henriques DF, Dos Santos CP, Viana GMR, Quaresma JAS, Falcão LFM, Vallinoto ACR, Dos Santos EJM. Thrombophilia and Immune-Related Genetic Markers in Long COVID. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040885. [PMID: 37112866 PMCID: PMC10143911 DOI: 10.3390/v15040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to evaluate the role of ten functional polymorphisms in long COVID, involved in major inflammatory, immune response and thrombophilia pathways, a cross-sectional sample composed of 199 long COVID (LC) patients and a cohort composed of 79 COVID-19 patients whose follow-up by over six months did not reveal any evidence of long COVID (NLC) were investigated to detect genetic susceptibility to long COVID. Ten functional polymorphisms located in thrombophilia-related and immune response genes were genotyped by real time PCR. In terms of clinical outcomes, LC patients presented higher prevalence of heart disease as preexistent comorbidity. In general, the proportions of symptoms in acute phase of the disease were higher among LC patients. The genotype AA of the interferon gamma (IFNG) gene was observed in higher frequency among LC patients (60%; p = 0.033). Moreover, the genotype CC of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene was also more frequent among LC patients (49%; p = 0.045). Additionally, the frequencies of LC symptoms were higher among carriers of IFNG genotypes AA than among non-AA genotypes (Z = 5.08; p < 0.0001). Two polymorphisms were associated with LC in both inflammatory and thrombophilia pathways, thus reinforcing their role in LC. The higher frequencies of acute phase symptoms among LC and higher frequency of underlying comorbidities might suggest that acute disease severity and the triggering of preexisting condition may play a role in LC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosilene da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Kevin Matheus Lima de Sarges
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos Henrique Damasceno Cantanhede
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia Póvoa da Costa
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Erika Ferreira Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Brasil Barbosa Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida Viana
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Meira Leite
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Andréa Luciana Soares da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Mioni Thieli Magalhães de Brito
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Karoliny da Silva Torres
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres Vallinoto
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Freitas Henriques
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretary of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Ananindeua 67000-000, Brazil
| | - Carla Pinheiro Dos Santos
- Section of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Secretary of Health Surveillance, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Ananindeua 67000-000, Brazil
| | - Giselle Maria Rachid Viana
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Malaria Basic Research Laboratory, Parasitology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua 67000-000, Brazil
| | - Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fábio Magno Falcão
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Melo Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics of Complex Diseases, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Pará, Belém 58255-000, Brazil
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7
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Meier JP, Möbus S, Heigl F, Asbach-Nitzsche A, Niller HH, Plentz A, Avsar K, Heiß-Neumann M, Schaaf B, Cassens U, Seese B, Teschner D, Handzhiev S, Graf U, Lübbert C, Steinmaurer M, Kontogianni K, Berg C, Maieron A, Blaas SH, Wagner R, Deml L, Barabas S. Performance of T-Track(®) TB, a Novel Dual Marker RT-qPCR-Based Whole-Blood Test for Improved Detection of Active Tuberculosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36832246 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death by an infectious disease. It remains a major health burden worldwide, in part due to misdiagnosis. Therefore, improved diagnostic tests allowing the faster and more reliable diagnosis of patients with active TB are urgently needed. This prospective study examined the performance of the new molecular whole-blood test T-Track® TB, which relies on the combined evaluation of IFNG and CXCL10 mRNA levels, and compared it to that of the QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic accuracy and agreement analyses were conducted on the whole blood of 181 active TB patients and 163 non-TB controls. T-Track® TB presented sensitivity of 94.9% and specificity of 93.8% for the detection of active TB vs. non-TB controls. In comparison, the QFT-Plus ELISA showed sensitivity of 84.3%. The sensitivity of T-Track® TB was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of QFT-Plus. The overall agreement of T-Track® TB with QFT-Plus to diagnose active TB was 87.9%. Out of 21 samples with discordant results, 19 were correctly classified by T-Track® TB while misclassified by QFT-Plus (T-Track® TB-positive/QFT-Plus-negative), and two samples were misclassified by T-Track® TB while correctly classified by QFT-Plus (T-Track® TB-negative/QFT-Plus-positive). Our results demonstrate the excellent performance of the T-Track® TB molecular assay and its suitability to accurately detect TB infection and discriminate active TB patients from non-infected controls.
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Lugani S, Halabi EA, Oh J, Kohler R, Peterson H, Breakefield XO, Chiocca EAA, Miller MA, Garris C, Weissleder R. Dual Immunostimulatory Pathway Agonism through a Synthetic Nanocarrier Triggers Robust Anti-Tumor Immunity in Murine Glioblastoma. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2208782. [PMID: 36427266 PMCID: PMC10197197 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are abundant, create a highly immunosuppressive environment in glioblastoma (GBM), and thus contribute to poor immunotherapy responses. Based on the hypothesis that small molecules can be used to stimulate myeloid cells to elicit anti-tumor effector functions, a synthetic nanoparticle approach is developed to deliver dual NF-kB pathway-inducing agents into these cells via systemic administration. Synthetic, cyclodextrin-adjuvant nanoconstructs (CANDI) with high affinity for tumor-associated myeloid cells are dually loaded with a TLR7 and 8 (Toll-like receptor, 7 and 8) agonist (R848) and a cIAP (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein) inhibitor (LCL-161) to dually activate these myeloid cells. Here CANDI is shown to: i) readily enter the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) and accumulate at high concentrations, ii) is taken up by tumor-associated myeloid cells, iii) potently synergize payloads compared to monotherapy, iv) activate myeloid cells, v) fosters a "hot" TME with high levels of T effector cells, and vi) controls the growth of murine GBM as mono- and combination therapies with anti-PD1. Multi-pathway targeted myeloid stimulation via the CANDI platform can efficiently drive anti-tumor immunity in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lugani
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg
| | - Elias A. Halabi
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Juhyun Oh
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Rainer Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Hannah Peterson
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Xandra O. Breakefield
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - E. Antonio A. Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Miles A. Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Christopher Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115
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9
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Taheri M, Gholami L, Nicknafs F, Hussen BM, Arsang-Jang S, Sayad A, Ghafouri-Fard S. Transcript levels of cytokine coding genes in peripheral blood and tissues of patients with periodontitis. Hum Antibodies 2021; 30:47-55. [PMID: 34864655 DOI: 10.3233/hab-211507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are common conditions in almost all age groups and a public health problem. Numerous risk factors have been demonstrated for this condition. The main mechanism of tissue destruction in the periodontitis is the functional interactions between microbial pathogens and host immune responses, thus cytokines have crucial roles in the pathogenesis periodontitis. Our previous study has demonstrated the susceptibility role of HLA-DRB1*04 allele in development of this disease. So, the individuals who were positive for HLA-DRB1*04 allele were excluded. We aimed to appraise the function of cytokines in the pathogenesis of periodontitis via assessment of tissue and blood levels of a number of cytokine coding genes, namely IL-1B, CXCL8, IL-17, IFNG, TGFB and TNFA1. Expressions of IFNG, IL-17, TGFB and TNFA1 were significantly higher in the peripheral blood of individuals with periodontitis compared with unaffected persons (Posterior beta = 1.91, P value = 0.043; Posterior beta = 1.84, P value = 0.033; Posterior beta = 0.713, P value = 0.009 and Posterior beta = 2.85, P value = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, expression of IL-17 was higher in females compared with males (Posterior beta = 1.47, P value = 0.036). As the interaction effect between gender and group was remarkable for IL-17 expression, we further conducted subgroup analysis within gender group. Expression of IL-17 was higher in male patients compared with unaffected males (Posterior beta = 1.9, P value = 0.048). We did not detect any significant difference in the expression of these cytokines in tissues obtained from affected individuals and unaffected controls. Therefore, our results imply dysregulation of cytokine coding genes in patients with periodontitis and warrant further mechanistical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fwad Nicknafs
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Shahram Arsang-Jang
- Cancer Gene therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Science, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Arezou Sayad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Science, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Johns DN, Lucas CG, Pfeiffer CA, Chen PR, Meyer AE, Perry SD, Spate LD, Cecil RF, Fudge MA, Samuel MS, Spinka CM, Liu H, Lucy MC, Wells KD, Prather RS, Spencer TE, Geisert RD. Conceptus interferon gamma is essential for establishment of pregnancy in the pig. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1577-1590. [PMID: 34608481 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in the pig is a complex process that relies on conceptus regulation of the maternal proinflammatory response to endometrial attachment. Following elongation, pig conceptuses secrete interferon gamma (IFNG) during attachment to the endometrial luminal epithelium. The objective here was to determine if conceptus production of IFNG is important for early development and establishment of pregnancy. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and somatic cell nuclear transfer technologies were used to create an IFNG loss-of-function study in pigs. Wild-type (IFNG+/+) and null (IFNG-/-) fibroblast cells were used to create embryos through somatic cell nuclear transfer. IFNG expression was not detected in IFNG-/- conceptuses on either day 15 or day 17 of pregnancy. Ablation of conceptus IFNG production resulted in the reduction of stromal CD3+ and mast cells which localized to the site of conceptus attachment on day 15. The uteri of recipients with IFNG-/- conceptuses were inflamed, hyperemic and there was an abundance of erythrocytes in the uterine lumen associated with the degenerating conceptuses. The endometrial stromal extracellular matrix was altered in the IFNG-/- embryo pregnancies and there was an increased endometrial mRNA levels for collagen XVII (COL17A1), matrilin 1 (MATN1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3), which are involved with repair and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. These results indicate conceptus IFNG production is essential in modulating the endometrial proinflammatory response for conceptus attachment and survival in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny N Johns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Caroline G Lucas
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | | | - Paula R Chen
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Ashley E Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Shelbi D Perry
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Lee D Spate
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Raissa F Cecil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Melissa A Fudge
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | | | - Hongyu Liu
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Matthew C Lucy
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Rodney D Geisert
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
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11
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Wang R, Guo H, Tang X, Zhang T, Liu Y, Zhang C, Yu H, Li Y. Interferon Gamma-Induced Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Activates Transcription of HHLA2 and Induces Immune Escape of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Inflammation 2021; 45:308-330. [PMID: 34536158 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppression developed by cancer cells remains a leading cause of treating failure of immunotherapies. This study aimed to explore the function of human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating 2 (HHLA2), an immune checkpoint molecule from the B7 family, in the immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mouse models with primary HCC or with xenograft tumors were established. The portion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the level of PD-L1 in the tumor tissues were examined. THP-1 cells were treated with PMA to obtain a macrophage-like phenotype. The PMA-treated THP-1 cells were co-cultured with the HCC cells in Transwell chambers to examine the function of HHLA2 in chemotactic migration and polarization of macrophages. HHLA2 expression was correlated with infiltration of immune cells, especially macrophages, and was linked to poor prognosis of patients with HCC. HHLA2 knockdown reduced incidence rate of primary HCC in mice. It also reduced tumor metastasis, the portion of M2 macrophages, and the expression of PD-L1 in primary and xenograft tumors. In vitro, HHLA2 upregulation increased expression of PD-L1 in HCC cells indirectly by inducing M2 polarization and chemotactic migration of macrophages. Interferon gamma (IFNG) enhanced expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IFR1) in HCC cells, and IFR1 bound to the promoter region of HHLA2 to activate HHLA2 expression. This study suggested that the IFNG/IFR1/HHLA2 axis in HCC induces M2 polarization and chemotactic migration of macrophages, which leads to immune escape and development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research Affiliated to Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research Affiliated to Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research Affiliated to Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287, Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Jung I, Jung D, Zha Z, Jeong J, Noh S, Shin J, Park JK, Kim KS, Jeong Y, Hur J, Baek MC, Diaz-Aguilar S, Aguilar E, Friedlander M, Bucher F, Yea K. Interferon-γ inhibits retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of ischemic retinopathy. Cytokine 2021; 143:155542. [PMID: 33926775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFNG) is one of the key cytokines that regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses in the body. However, the role of IFNG in the regulation of vascularization, especially in the context of Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFa)-induced angiogenesis is not clarified. Here, we report that IFNG shows potent anti-angiogenic potential against VEGFa-induced angiogenesis. IFNG significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and tube formation of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) both under basal and VEGFa-treated conditions. Intriguingly, Knockdown (KD) of STAT1 abolished the inhibitory effect of IFNG on VEGFa-induced angiogenic processes in HUVECs. Furthermore, IFNG exhibited potent anti-angiogenic efficacy in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), an in vivo model for hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization, without induction of functional side effects. Taken together, these results show that IFNG plays a crucial role in the regulation of VEGFa-dependent angiogenesis, suggesting its potential therapeutic applicability in neovascular diseases.
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13
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Zhang J, Lye SJ. The immune potential of decidua-resident CD16 +CD56 + NK cells in human pregnancy. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:332-9. [PMID: 33583640 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human CD56+CD3- NK cells can be subdivided into two different subsets according to the expression pattern of CD56 and CD16. CD56+/brightCD16- (CD16-) NK cells are prominently cytokine producers with little cytotoxicity whereas CD56+/dimCD16+ (CD16+) NK cells are efficient killers with poorer cytokine production potential. In human pregnancy, CD56+ decidual (d)NK cells accumulate in the maternal fetal interface to regulate placental immunity and development. Unlike peripheral blood (pb)NK cells, the majority of dNK cells are CD56 positive with limited CD16 reactivity. Our results demonstrated that in normal and pathological pregnancies, CD16+ dNK cells are a unique population in comparison to CD16- dNK subset. The expression of NK activation receptors CD335, CD336, CD244 and CD314 on CD16+ dNK subpopulation was lower than that on CD16- dNK cells. Upon cytokine stimulation with rhIL-12/15/18 or TGFβ blockade, the CD16+ dNK subset exhibited more robust response on the expression of IFNG, IL-8 and CD107a, compared to that of the CD16- dNK subpopulation. Functions of the CD16+ dNK subset were shown to be independent of cellular interaction with trophoblast cells. Studies of preeclamptic patients revealed lower proportions of CD16+ dNK cells, suggesting potential protective roles of these cells during normal gestations.. Therefore, we suggest that the CD16+ dNK subset, through compensating CD16- dNK cell function, is an indispensable componentto regulate decidual immune response and to support placentation.
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14
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Sattari A, Hussen BM, Ghafouri-Fard S, Alihashemi A, Omrani MD, Zekri A, Taheri M. Expression of T helper 1-associated lncRNAs in breast cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 119:104619. [PMID: 33582166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-associated genes participate in the pathobiology of cancer and response of patients to immunotherapeutic modalities. This cytokine is regarded as a hallmark of T helper 1 type responses. In the current study, we estimated expression of this gene and a number of genes/ long non-coding RNAs (IFNG.AS001 and IFNG.AS003, AC007278.2 and AC007278.3 and IL18R1) which are encoded from proximal genomic regions to IFNG in a larger cohort of Iranian patients with breast cancer. Both IFNG.AS001 and IFNG.AS003 were up-regulated in breast cancer tissues compared with nearby non-cancerous tissues (Ratios of Mean Expressions = 5.62 and 5.88, P values = 1.28E-03 and 1.47E-03, respectively). Finally, IL18R1 was over-expressed in breast cancer tissues compared with nearby non-cancerous tissues (Ratio of Mean Expressions = 9.43, P values = 3.14E-03). Expression of AC007278.3 was associated with breast feeding duration (P value = 2.65E-02). Positive significant correlations were detected between expression levels of all genes in both sets of samples. The most robust correlation in the nearby non-cancerous tissues was detected between IFNG-AS003 and AC007278.2 (r = 088, P value = 5.19E-23). In the tumoral tissues, the strongest correlation was found between IFNG-AS001 and IL18R1 (r = 0.86, P value = 3.79E-15). AC007278.3 had the best diagnostic power among the assessed genes (AUC = 0.82). Both AC007278.2 and AC007278.3 were reported to be specific markers for differentiation of tumor tissues from nearby non-cancerous tissues. Combination of expression levels of genes increased specificity, sensitivity and AUC values to 0.97, 0.89 and 0.95, respectively. The current study accentuates the role of IFNG-associated genes in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
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15
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Sałkowska A, Karwaciak I, Karaś K, Dastych J, Ratajewski M. SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Induce IFNG in Th1 Lymphocytes Generated from CD4+ Cells from Healthy, Unexposed Polish Donors. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E673. [PMID: 33198287 PMCID: PMC7712722 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in December 2019 has caused the deaths of several hundred thousand people worldwide. Currently, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is poorly understood. During the course of COVID-19 infection, many patients experience deterioration, which might be associated with systemic inflammation and cytokine storm syndrome; however, other patients have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic. There are some suggestions that impaired cellular immunity through a reduction in Th1 response and IFNG (interferon gamma) expression, as well as cross-reactivity with common cold coronaviruses, might be involved in the differential COVID-19 course. Here, we show that CD4+ cells isolated from unexposed healthy donors that were differentiated towards the Th1 lineage in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 proteins exhibited induction of IFNG. Interestingly, the same cells induced to differentiate towards a Th17 lineage did not exhibit changes in IFNG expression or Th17-related cytokines. This suggests the cellular response to SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins is primarily associated with Th1 lymphocytes and may be dependent on past infections with common cold coronaviruses or vaccinations that induce unspecific cellular responses, e.g., BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin). Thus, our results might explain the high variability in the course of COVID-19 among populations of different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sałkowska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Iwona Karwaciak
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kaja Karaś
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Jarosław Dastych
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (K.K.)
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16
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Zeng C, Gao Y, Xiong J, Lu J, Yang J, Wang X, Cai Y, Li L, Fu X. Tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells in ALK-positive lung cancer are functionally impaired despite the absence of PD-L1 on tumor cells. Lung Cancer 2020; 150:139-144. [PMID: 33142232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors as monotherapies for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer have little clinical activity. The underlying mechanisms remain not understood. In this study, using immunohistochemistry and in situ RT-PCR assays, we examined the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-1, CD8, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in tumors. Both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive tumors were associated with low or absent membrane PD-L1 expression. Interestingly, unlike EGFR-mutant tumors with few tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, a significant number of PD-1-positive CD8+ T cells infiltrated the ALK-positive tumor bed; however, these cells did not express IFNG mRNA. These results demonstrate that the ALK-positive tumor microenvironment suppresses the immune function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells through a PD-1/PD-L1-independent mechanism, which might lead to the inability of ALK-positive tumors to respond to PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zeng
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Jianjian Yang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Cai
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Hubei, China.
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17
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Yoo I, Kim D, Han J, Lee S, Hong M, Jeon BY, Kim JM, Ka H. Transcriptomic analysis of interferon-γ-regulated genes in endometrial explants and their possible role in regulating maternal endometrial immunity during the implantation period in pigs, a true epitheliochorial placentation species. Theriogenology 2020; 155:114-24. [PMID: 32659448 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The implantation process requires precisely controlled interactions between the maternal uterine endometrium and the implanting conceptus. Conceptus-derived secretions affect endometrial cells to facilitate the adhesion and attachment of trophoblasts, and endometrial secretions support the growth and development of the conceptus. In pigs, the conceptus secretes a large amount of type II interferon, interferon-γ (IFNG), during the implantation period. However, the role of IFNG in the implantation process has not been fully understood in pigs. Thus, to determine the role of IFNG in the endometrium during early pregnancy in pigs, we treated endometrial explant tissues with increasing doses of IFNG and analyzed the transcriptome regulated by IFNG using an RNA-sequencing analysis. Data analyses identified 276 differentially regulated genes, their Gene Ontology terms, and 94 signature genes in a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of IFNG-regulated genes, including CIITA, KYNU, IDO1, WARS, and MHC class II molecules, in the endometrium throughout pregnancy and found that levels of those genes in the endometrium were highest on Day 15 of pregnancy, corresponding to the time of peak IFNG secretion by porcine conceptuses. In addition, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that CIITA, KYNU, and IDO proteins were expressed in a cell type- and pregnancy status-specific manner in the endometrium. These results show that genes overrepresented in endometrial tissues in response to IFNG were mainly related to immune responses, suggesting that conceptus-derived IFNG could play critical roles in regulating the maternal immune response for the establishment of pregnancy in pigs.
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18
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Abuga KM, Rockett KA, Muriuki JM, Koch O, Nairz M, Sirugo G, Bejon P, Kwiatkowski DP, Prentice AM, Atkinson SH. Interferon-gamma polymorphisms and risk of iron deficiency and anaemia in Gambian children. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:40. [PMID: 32420456 PMCID: PMC7202087 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15750.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anaemia is a major public health concern especially in African children living in malaria-endemic regions. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is elevated during malaria infection and is thought to influence erythropoiesis and iron status. Genetic variants in the IFN-γ gene (IFNG) are associated with increased IFN-γ production. We investigated putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of IFNG in relation to nutritional iron status and anaemia in Gambian children over a malaria season. Methods: We used previously available data from Gambian family trios to determine informative SNPs and then used the Agena Bioscience MassArray platform to type five SNPs from the IFNG gene in a cohort of 780 Gambian children aged 2-6 years. We also measured haemoglobin and biomarkers of iron status and inflammation at the start and end of a malaria season. Results: We identified five IFNG haplotype-tagging SNPs ( IFNG-1616 [rs2069705], IFNG+874 [rs2430561], IFNG+2200 [rs1861493], IFNG+3234 [rs2069718] and IFNG+5612 [rs2069728]). The IFNG+2200C [rs1861493] allele was associated with reduced haemoglobin concentrations (adjusted β -0.44 [95% CI -0.75, -0.12]; Bonferroni adjusted P = 0.03) and a trend towards iron deficiency compared to wild-type at the end of the malaria season in multivariable models adjusted for potential confounders. A haplotype uniquely identified by IFNG+2200C was similarly associated with reduced haemoglobin levels and trends towards iron deficiency, anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia at the end of the malaria season in models adjusted for age, sex, village, inflammation and malaria parasitaemia. Conclusion: We found limited statistical evidence linking IFNG polymorphisms with a risk of developing iron deficiency and anaemia in Gambian children. More definitive studies are needed to investigate the effects of genetically influenced IFN-γ levels on the risk of iron deficiency and anaemia in children living in malaria-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin M. Abuga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kirk A. Rockett
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Muthii Muriuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Open University, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme – Accredited Research Centre, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Oliver Koch
- Infection Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Philip Bejon
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic P. Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Sarah H. Atkinson
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Gao Y, Lu J, Zeng C, Yang J, Huang B, Zhang N, Li L, Fu X. IL-10 suppresses IFN-γ-mediated signaling in lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:449-59. [PMID: 32306136 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by a wide variety of cells. It has been implicated in cancer progression, and at times, it has seemingly contradictory effects. The impact of IL-10 on immune components in the context of cancer has been intensively investigated, but its effect on cancer cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the expression of IL-10 and IL-10 receptor 1 (IL-10R1) in resected locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma by immunohistochemistry. IL-10 immunoreactivity was stronger in intraepithelial regions than in stroma. The amount of IL-10 found either in intraepithelial or in stromal regions had no prognostic value, but the relative distribution of IL-10 in these two locations was related to cancer-immune phenotypes. High expression of IL-10R1 by tumor cells was significantly correlated with poor prognosis, suggesting that IL-10-mediated signaling may induce cancer cell intrinsic effects that promote cancer progression. Functional analysis using human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines revealed that IL-10 did not directly affect cell proliferation and migration. Incubation of cancer cells with IL-10 suppressed interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and inhibited the transcription of IFN-γ-targeted genes, such as CXCL9, CXCL10, and PD-L1. IL-10 enhanced IFN-γ-induced SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression, an effect that might be responsible for the downregulation of STAT1 activity in cancer cells. Our findings provide a rationale for targeting IL-10 on cancer cells as a potential strategy for treating cancer.
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20
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Abuga KM, Rockett KA, Muriuki JM, Koch O, Nairz M, Sirugo G, Bejon P, Kwiatkowski DP, Prentice AM, Atkinson SH. Interferon-gamma polymorphisms and risk of iron deficiency and anaemia in Gambian children. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:40. [PMID: 32420456 PMCID: PMC7202087 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15750.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Anaemia is a major public health concern especially in African children living in malaria-endemic regions. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is elevated during malaria infection and is thought to influence erythropoiesis and iron status. Genetic variants in the IFN-γ gene (IFNG) are associated with increased IFN-γ production. We investigated putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of IFNG in relation to nutritional iron status and anaemia in Gambian children over a malaria season. Methods: We used previously available data from Gambian family trios to determine informative SNPs and then used the Agena Bioscience MassArray platform to type five SNPs from the IFNG gene in a cohort of 780 Gambian children. We also measured haemoglobin and biomarkers of iron status and inflammation at the start and end of a malaria season. Results: We identified five IFNG haplotype-tagging SNPs ( IFNG-1616 [rs2069705], IFNG+874 [rs2430561], IFNG+2200 [rs1861493], IFNG+3234 [rs2069718] and IFNG+5612 [rs2069728]). The IFNG+2200C [rs1861493] allele was associated with reduced haemoglobin concentrations (adjusted β -0.44 [95% CI -0.75, -0.12]; Bonferroni adjusted P = 0.03) and a trend towards iron deficiency compared to wild-type at the end of the malaria season in multivariable models adjusted for potential confounders. A haplotype uniquely identified by IFNG+2200C was similarly associated with reduced haemoglobin levels and trends towards iron deficiency, anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia at the end of the malaria season in models adjusted for age, sex, village, inflammation and malaria parasitaemia. Conclusion: We found limited statistical evidence linking IFNG polymorphisms with a risk of developing iron deficiency and anaemia in Gambian children. More definitive studies are needed to investigate the effects of genetically influenced IFN-γ levels on the risk of iron deficiency and anaemia in children living in malaria-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin M. Abuga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Kirk A. Rockett
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Muthii Muriuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Open University, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme – Accredited Research Centre, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Oliver Koch
- Infection Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Philip Bejon
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic P. Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Sarah H. Atkinson
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographic Medicine Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Pinto R, Belsky J, Baptista J, Carvalho A, Cunha C, Soares I, Mesquita AR. Mothers' distress exposure and children's withdrawn behavior - A moderating role for the Interferon Gamma gene ( IFNG). Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:783-791. [PMID: 32072627 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of the inflammatory response, including pro-inflammatory molecules, produces neuropsychiatric symptoms and depression-like behavior, including withdrawal from the physical and social environment. Genetic variants that enhance immune reactivity may thus increase inflammatory and withdrawn reactions to stress. Here we investigated a functional polymorphism of Interferon Gamma gene (IFNG +874 T > A, rs2430561) as moderator of the relationship between mothers' distress exposure and children's withdrawn behavior at preschool age. Participants were 198 Portuguese preschool children (mean age = 57.98 months). Exposure to mother's distress was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory, and withdrawn behavior with the Caregiver Teacher Report Form. All children provided saliva samples for genotyping. Contrary to expecations based on prior work, the rs2430561 AA genotype-not the T variant-interacted with (high levels of) mothers' distress exposure, to increase children's withdrawn behavior. No significant main effects were detected. The polymorphism in Interferon Gamma gene showed specific environmental stressor-dependent effects on withdrawn behavior during childhood, ones which are interpreted in light of the "behavioral immune system" hypothesis, and which proved inconsistent with diathesis-stress thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pinto
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joana Baptista
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Soares
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana R Mesquita
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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22
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Wu S, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wang M, He JQ. Genetic variants in IFNG and IFNGR1 and tuberculosis susceptibility. Cytokine 2019; 123:154775. [PMID: 31310896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the type of chronic infectious disease which majorly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB). Emerging data suggest that interferon gamma (IFNG) and its receptor IFNGR1 may be involved in the risk of TB. METHODS A total of 636 TB patients and 608 healthy controls were selected. The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and TB was estimated by logistic analyses adjusting for age, gender and smoking status. SNPs genotyping was done by using the improved multiplex ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). RESULTS The IFNG rs1861494 allele C was related to an increased risk for TB (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.06-1.48; P = 0.009). Compared with TT genotype, CT (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.01-1.63; P = 0.040) and CC (OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.04-2.19; P = 0.031) were also risk factors for TB. In the subgroup analysis, the association was stronger among participants < 25 years (OR = 2.40, 95%CI: 1.70-3.38; P < 0.001) and male groups (OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.03-1.66; P = 0.030). In addition, IFNG rs1861494 was associated with anti-TB treatment outcome (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.52-0.94; P = 0.017). We also detected that IFNGR1 rs2234711 influenced the IFNG production. CONCLUSION IFNG rs1861494 polymorphism was associated with TB, particularly in the younger and male subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Minggui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Qing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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23
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Hashimoto H, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Hirai N, Haga E, Kinoshita R, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. Association of IFNG gene methylation in peripheral blood cells with the development and prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Cytokine 2019; 123:154770. [PMID: 31279175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The intractability of Graves' disease (GD) and the severity of Hashimoto's disease (HD) vary among patients. Both genetic and environmental factors may be associated with their prognoses. To clarify the role of methylation of the IFNG gene in the pathogenesis and prognosis of (AITDs), we examined interferon gamma (IFNG) methylation levels at various CpG sites and genotyped IFNG +874 A/T and +2109 C/T polymorphisms. We analyzed methylation 59 patients with HD, 57 patients with GD and 26 healthy volunteers by pyrosequencing. We genotyped IFNG gene polymorphisms from 207 patients with GD, 208 patients with HD, and 102 healthy controls. The methylation levels of IFNG -54 CpG were higher in patients with intractable GD than in those with GD in remission, but there was no difference between patients with severe and mild HD. In carriers of IFNG +2109 T (CT + TT) (85.5% in controls), the -54 CpG methylation levels were significantly higher in patients with intractable GD than in those with GD in remission. On the other hand, in carriers of IFNG +2109 CC, the -4293 CpG methylation levels were higher in intractable GD patients. The methylation levels of IFNG -54 CpG and -4293 CpG were negatively correlated with the age in HD, especially severe HD, patients and GD patients, respectively. There was no circadian variation but considerable daily variation in the methylation levels of IFNG -54 CpG. In conclusion, both the methylation levels of CpG sites and the functional polymorphisms in the IFNG gene were associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of AITD, especially with GD intractability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka 2-15, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Nachi Hirai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emi Haga
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riku Kinoshita
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoh Hidaka
- Laboratory for Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Hospital, Yamadaoka 2-15, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Iwatani
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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24
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Zuo X, Deguchi Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Li HS, Wei D, Tian R, Chen W, Xu M, Yang Y, Gao S, Jaoude JC, Liu F, Chrieki SP, Moussalli MJ, Gagea M, Sebastian MM, Zheng X, Tan D, Broaddus R, Wang J, Ajami NJ, Swennes AG, Watowich SS, Shureiqi I. PPARD and Interferon Gamma Promote Transformation of Gastric Progenitor Cells and Tumorigenesis in Mice. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:163-178. [PMID: 30885780 PMCID: PMC6581611 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, and inflammation and has been associated with gastric and other cancers. Villin-positive epithelial cells are a small population of quiescent gastric progenitor cells. We expressed PPARD from a villin promoter to investigate the role of these cells and PPARD in development of gastric cancer. METHODS We analyzed gastric tissues from mice that express the Ppard (PPARD1 and PPARD2 mice) from a villin promoter, and mice that did not carry this transgene (controls), by histology and immunohistochemistry. We performed cell lineage-tracing experiments and analyzed the microbiomes, chemokine and cytokine production, and immune cells and transcriptomes of stomachs of these mice. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis of PPARD levels in 2 sets of human gastric tissue microarrays. RESULTS Thirty-eight percent of PPARD mice developed spontaneous, invasive gastric adenocarcinomas, with severe chronic inflammation. Levels of PPARD were increased in human gastric cancer tissues, compared with nontumor tissues, and associated with gastric cancer stage and grade. We found an inverse correlation between level of PPARD in tumor tissue and patient survival time. Gastric microbiomes from PPARD and control mice did not differ significantly. Lineage-tracing experiments identified villin-expressing gastric progenitor cells (VGPCs) as the origin of gastric tumors in PPARD mice. In these mice, PPARD up-regulated CCL20 and CXCL1, which increased infiltration of the gastric mucosa by immune cells. Immune cell production of inflammatory cytokines promoted chronic gastric inflammation and expansion and transformation of VGPCs, leading to tumorigenesis. We identified a positive-feedback loop between PPARD and interferon gamma signaling that sustained gastric inflammation to induce VGPC transformation and gastric carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We found PPARD overexpression in VPGCs to result in inflammation, dysplasia, and tumor formation. PPARD and VGPCs might be therapeutic targets for stomach cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Zuo
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Yasunori Deguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiguo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haiyan S. Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weidong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yaying Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan C. Jaoude
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah P. Chrieki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Micheline J. Moussalli
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manu M. Sebastian
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dongfeng Tan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Russell Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nadim J. Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alton G. Swennes
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephanie S. Watowich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Imad Shureiqi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Abstract
Three decades of research in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and HIV/AIDS fields have shaped a picture of immune restoration disorders. This manuscript overviews the molecular biology of interferon networks, the molecular pathogenesis of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation immune restoration disorders (IRD). It also summarizes the effects of thymic involution on T cell diversity, and the results of the assessment of diagnostic biomarkers of IRD, and tested targeted immunomodulatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Mohei
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Usha Kellampalli
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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26
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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, González S, López-Soto A. A cytofluorimetric assay to evaluate intracellular cytokine production by NK cells. Methods Enzymol 2020; 631:343-55. [PMID: 31948556 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that, together with CD8+ T lymphocytes, are tightly correlated with immunesurveillance and the elimination of transforming and malignant cells both during early steps of tumorigenesis and metastasis. This capacity is due, but not limited to, their great cytotoxic capacity upon recognition of stress-related activating ligands of NK cells on the surface of tumor cells. Due to the emerging role of NK cells in the response to treatment with immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) and other immunotherapies, it has become essential to deeply study this immune subset. As mentioned above, NK cell antitumor responses not only rely on their high cytotoxic capacity, cytokine production by this immune subset, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), also plays a key role on NK cell function. In this chapter, we provide a detailed protocol to measure the intracellular expression of cytokines produced by NK cells upon stimulation. A step-by-step guide to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells, purify NK cells from whole blood, co-culture with tumor cell lines and evaluate their cytokine production capacity by flow cytometry is here provided.
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Naz A, Ali M, Aslam MA, Khan AUH, Manzoor H, Iqbal R, Shehzad MA, Ahmad S, Shaheen Z, Rasul S. Influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the IFNG towards susceptibility to tuberculosis in a Pakistani population. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 83:426-433. [PMID: 31069794 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue as one-third of the population worldwide is considered to be infected. TB has become a critical public health problem as a result of increasing drug resistance, which poses a challenge to current control strategies. Similar to environmental factors, genetic makeup of the host equally contributes to disease onset. We performed genotypic analysis to examine the relationship between IFNG and TB onset and drug resistance in a Pakistani population comprising 689 subjects. Notable differences were observed in the IFNG polymorphism (+874T/A) between the case and control groups. The frequency of the wild-type genotype (TT) in the controls (43.2%) was significantly higher than in the cases (25.3%) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, p < 0.0001), while the mutant genotype frequency (AA) (38.57%) in the cases was significantly higher than in the controls (22.6%) (OR = 1.46, p < 0.0001). The heterozygous genotype frequency (TA) did not significantly differ between the control and case groups. Compared with the controls, the variant allele (A) was approximately twice as frequent in the cases. Females and older people have a higher chance of disease development. Finally, the IFNG (+874T/A) polymorphism was not associated with drug sensitivity or resistance. However, a genotypic polymorphism of IFNG (+874T/A) was significantly associated with susceptibility to TB, and the T allele conferred protection against TB. Additional studies involving larger cohorts are needed to further explore this relationship between genetics and disease vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- AsmaGul Naz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Assad Aslam
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Ul Haq Khan
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Manzoor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Provincial TB Reference Laboratory, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Shaheen
- Pulmonology Department, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Rasul
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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28
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Yeong J, Lim JCT, Lee B, Li H, Ong CCH, Thike AA, Yeap WH, Yang Y, Lim AYH, Tay TKY, Liu J, Wong SC, Chen J, Lim EH, Iqbal J, Dent R, Newell EW, Tan PH. Prognostic value of CD8 + PD-1+ immune infiltrates and PDCD1 gene expression in triple negative breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:34. [PMID: 30728081 PMCID: PMC6366051 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains to be fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of PD-1 as a prognostic marker for TNBC in an Asian cohort (n = 269). Samples from patients with TNBC were labeled with antibodies against PD-L1 and PD-1, and subjected to NanoString assays to measure the expression of immune-related genes. Associations between disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and biomarker expression were investigated. Multivariate analysis showed that tumors with high PD-1+ immune infiltrates harbored significantly increased DFS, and this increase was significant even after controlling for clinicopathological parameters (HR 0.95; P = 0.030). In addition, the density of cells expressing both CD8 and PD-1, but not the density of CD8−PD-1+ immune infiltrates, was associated with improved DFS. Notably, this prognostic significance was independent of clinicopathological parameters and the densities of total CD8+ cell (HR 0.43, P = 0.011). At the transcriptional level, high expression of PDCD1 within the tumor was significantly associated with improved DFS (HR 0.38; P = 0.027). In line with these findings, high expression of IFNG (HR 0.38; P = 0.001) and IFN signaling genes (HR 0.46; p = 0.027) was also associated with favorable DFS. Inclusion of PD-1 immune infiltrates and PDCD1 gene expression added significant prognostic value for DFS (ΔLRχ2 = 6.35; P = 0.041) and OS (ΔLRχ2 = 9.53; P = 0.008), beyond that provided by classical clinicopathological variables. Thus, PD-1 mRNA and protein expression status represent a promising, independent indicator of prognosis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Yeong
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 7, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 7, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Huihua Li
- Division of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clara Chong Hui Ong
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 7, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 7, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Hseun Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Yi Yang
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ansel Yi Herh Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Timothy Kwang Yong Tay
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 7, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jin Liu
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Elaine Hsuen Lim
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Jabed Iqbal
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 7, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Dent
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A, Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 7, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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Ganji M, Sayad A, Omrani MD, Arsang-Jang S, Mazdeh M, Taheri M. Expression analysis of long non-coding RNAs and their target genes in multiple sclerosis patients. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:801-11. [PMID: 30680474 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-3720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive chronic autoimmune-mediated disease. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are characterized to participate in the adjustment of immune responses. Here, we evaluated the expression levels of GSTT1-AS1 and IFNG-AS1 lncRNAs and their targets (TNF and IFNG, respectively) in Iranian MS patients.In this case-control study, 50 relapsing-remitting MS patients and 50 healthy subjects were recruited. Expressions of GSTT1-AS1 and IFNG-AS1 lncRNAs, as well as TNF and IFNG genes, were assessed in their peripheral blood samples by SYBR Green-based Real-time quantitative PCR.Expression levels of GSTT1-AS1 and IFNG-AS1 lncRNAs were both significantly downregulated (p values 0.032 and 0.013, respectively). On the other hand, the expression of TNF and IFNG showed increased levels, however, did not reach statistical significance after our analysis (p > 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that GSTT1-AS1 had a significant positive moderate correlation with IFNG-AS1 (r = 0.541, p < 0.0001), IFNG (r = 0.329, p = 0.001), and TNF (r = 0.204, p = 0.041). Also, IFNG-AS1 revealed the same correlation with IFNG (r = 0.475, p < 0.0001) as well as TNF (r = 0.399, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, GSTT1-AS1 (r = 0.313, p = 0.027) and (IFNG r = 0.478, p < 0.0001) demonstrated a significant positive correlation with age at onset.Briefly, the current study provided for the first time dysregulation of GSTT1-AS1 and IFNG-AS lncRNAs network in MS, which highlights the significant role of epigenetic pathways in this autoimmune disorder. Larger sample size and further investigation assays could shed light on the underlying mechanisms in this area of science.
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30
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Yaghoobi H, Azizi H, Oskooei VK, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Assessment of expression of interferon γ (IFN-G) gene and its antisense ( IFNG-AS1) in breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:211. [PMID: 30336781 PMCID: PMC6194673 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of long non-coding RNAs has been extensively appreciated in the contexts of cancer. Interferon γ-antisense RNA1 (IFNG-AS1) is an lncRNA located near to IFN-γ-encoding (IFNG) gene and regulates expression of IFNG in Th1 cells. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated expression of IFNG and IFNG-AS1 in 108 breast samples including tumoral tissues and their adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCTs) using real-time PCR. IFNG-AS1 was significantly upregulated in tumoral tissues compared with ANCTs (expression ratio = 2.23, P = 0.03). RESULTS Although the expression of IFNG was higher in tumoral tissues compared with ANCTs (relative expression = 1.89), it did not reach the level of significance (P = 0.07). IFNG expression was significantly higher in HER2-negative tumoral tissues compared with HER2-positive ones (P = 0.01) and in grade 1 samples compared with grade 2 ones (P = 0.03). No other significant difference was found in expressions of genes between other groups. CONCLUSION Significant strong correlations were detected between expression of IFNG and IFNG-AS1 in both tumoral tissues and ANCTs. The present study provides evidences for participation of IFNG and IFNG-AS1 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and warrants future studies to elaborate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Yaghoobi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hakim Azizi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Vahid Kholghi Oskooei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Sharkey DJ, Tremellen KP, Briggs NE, Dekker GA, Robertson SA. Seminal plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ ( IFNG) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) fluctuate over time within men. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:1373-1381. [PMID: 28541460 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do seminal plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFNG) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) vary within individual men over time? SUMMARY ANSWER IFNG exhibits substantial variation that is independent of duration of abstinence but correlates with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content, while CXCL8 varies moderately in association with duration of abstinence. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNG and CXCL8 in seminal fluid can adversely impact male and female fertility. Other cytokines as well as sperm parameters fluctuate considerably within individuals over time, but whether IFNG and CXCL8 vary similarly, and the determinants of variance, are unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Between two and seven semen samples were collected from 14 proven fertile donors at 6-10 week intervals over the course of ~12 months, to assess variation over time in cytokines and LPS, and to investigate relationships with sperm parameters and possible regulatory factors. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The concentrations and total amounts per ejaculate of IFNG and CXCL8 were determined using commercial ELISA. Sperm parameters were assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) IV standards and LPS was measured by limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. Mixed model analysis was utilized to determine the relative contribution of between- and within-individual factors in explaining variance. Relationships between cytokines, LPS and sperm parameters, as well as effect of age and duration of abstinence, were investigated by correlation analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Within-individual variability contributed to total variance particularly for both IFNG, CXCL8 and LPS, and was a stronger determinant than between-individual variability for IFNG and LPS. Normal sperm motility correlated inversely with CXCL8, and sperm concentration correlated inversely with LPS. Duration of abstinence was a determinant of total CXCL8, but not IFNG or LPS. Associations between LPS, IFNG and CXCL8 suggest IFNG and perhaps CXCL8 are influenced by microbial populations. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A limited number of donors from a single clinic were investigated. Clinical information on complete microbiology, BMI, nutrition, smoking and other lifestyle factors was unavailable. Further studies are required to determine whether the findings can be generalized to larger populations and different ethnicities. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These data reveal substantial variation over time in pro-inflammatory seminal fluid cytokines and imply existence of microbial or other environmental regulatory factors. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. The authors have no competing interests to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kelton P Tremellen
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.,Repromed Pty Ltd, 180 Fullarton Road, Dulwich SA 5065, Australia
| | - Nancy E Briggs
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gustaaf A Dekker
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.,Lyell McEwin Hospital, Elizabeth Vale, Adelaide SA 5112, Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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32
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Gao Y, Yang J, Cai Y, Fu S, Zhang N, Fu X, Li L. IFN-γ-mediated inhibition of lung cancer correlates with PD-L1 expression and is regulated by PI3K-AKT signaling. Int J Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29516506 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ plays a crucial role in anti-tumor responses and also induces expression of PD-L1, a well-established inhibitor of anti-tumor immune function. Understanding how molecular signaling regulates the function of IFN-γ might improve its anti-tumor efficacy. Here, we show that the tumor expression of IFN-γ expression alone has no significant prognostic value in patients with locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Surprisingly, patients with tumors expressing both IFN-γ and PD-L1 have the best prognosis compared to those with tumors expressing IFN-γ or PD-L1 alone. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that tumor tissues expressing IFN-γ display gene expression associated with suppressed cell cycle progression and expansion. Unexpectedly this profile was observed in PD-L1+ but not PD-L1- tumors. The current concept is that PD-L1 functions as a shield protecting tumor cells from cytolytic T cell (CTL)-mediated anti-tumor progression. However, our data indicate that PD-L1 expression in the presence of IFN-γ might serve as biomarker for the sensitivity of tumors to the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ. Mechanistic analysis revealed that in lung adenocarcinoma cells IFN-γ-induced activation of JAK2-STAT1 and PI3K-AKT pathways. The activation of JAK2-STAT1 is responsible for the anti-proliferative effect of IFN-γ. Inhibition of PI3K downregulated PD-L1 expression and enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of IFN-γ, suggesting that blockade of PI3K might maximize the IFN-γ-mediated anti-tumor effect. Our findings provide evidence for crosstalk between JAK2-STAT1 and PI3K-AKT pathways in response to IFN-γ in lung adenocarcinoma and have implications for the design of combinatorial targeted therapy and immunotherapy for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Jianjian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Yixin Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Shengling Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.,Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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Verma S, Pal R, Gupta SK. Decrease in invasion of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblastic cells by interferon gamma involves cross-communication of STAT1 and BATF2 that regulates the expression of JUN. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 12:432-446. [PMID: 29394132 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1434030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast invasion is one of the critical steps during embryo implantation. IFNG secreted during pregnancy by uterine NK cells acts as a negative regulator of invasion. IFNG in a dose dependent fashion inhibits invasion of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblastic cells. It phosphorylates STAT1 both at tyr 701 and ser 727 residues. Silencing of STAT1 significantly increases invasion (∼59%) of the cells. Based on NGS data, out of 207 genes, BATF2 expression was significantly increased after IFNG treatment. Silencing of BATF2 significantly increases the invasion of cells with (∼53%) or without (∼44%) treatment with IFNG. Expression of BATF2 and STAT1 is dependent on each other, silencing of one significantly inhibit the expression of other. Interestingly, phosphorylated JUN is also regulated by BATF2 and STAT1. Collectively, these findings showed that decrease in the invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells after IFNG treatment is controlled by STAT1 and BATF2, which further regulates the expression of JUN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Verma
- a Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi - 110 067 , India
| | - Rahul Pal
- b Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi , India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- a Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , New Delhi - 110 067 , India
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He S, Wang B, Zhu X, Chen Z, Chen J, Hua D, Droma D, Li W, Yuan D, Jin T. Association of IFNGR1 and IFNG genetic polymorphisms with the risk for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Chinese Tibetan population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:98417-98425. [PMID: 29228700 PMCID: PMC5716740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNG) and its receptor (IFNGR1) are principal genes that associated with tuberculosis. In the current study we aimed to explore the genetic association of polymorphisms of IFNG and IFNGR1 with the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in the Chinese Tibetan population. We selected 467 PTB patients and 503 healthy controls to genotype 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The unconditional logistic regression analysis was applied for assessing the associations, and the risk of PTB were evaluated by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The results showed that mutants of rs9376268, rs1327475 and rs1327474 in IFNGR1 played a protective role in the PTB risk under genotype, dominant and additive model (P<0.05). On the contrary, minor allele “A” of rs2069705 in IFNG significantly increased the risk of PTB under genotype, dominant and additive model (P<0.05). However, after Bonferroni's multiple adjustment was applied to our data, which level of significant was set at P<0.0011 (0.05/45). Only variant of rs9376268 was significantly associated decrease the PTB susceptibility under additive model (OR=0.73, 95%CI=0.61-0.88, P<0.001). Furthermore, in the haplotype analysis, we found that the haplotypes “C-G-G-A-C”, “C-G-A-G-T” and “T-A-G-G-T” of rs9376267-rs9376268-rs1327475-rs7749390-rs1327474 block were extremely decreased the PTB risk (P<0.01), however, the haplotypes “C-G-G-A-T”, “T-G-G-G-T” and “C-G-G-G-T” of the block were extremely increased the PTB risk (P<0.01). These results suggested that variants of IFNGR1 may have a close relation with the PTB risk in Chinese Tibetan population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of The 4th Internal Medicine, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Xi'an TB&Thoracic Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | - Xikai Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Zhengshuai Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010030, China
| | - Demi Hua
- Department of Lung, The Third Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Deji Droma
- Department of Lung, The Third Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010030, China
| | - Dongya Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic Life Science Research of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712082, China.,School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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Tateosian NL, Pellegrini JM, Amiano NO, Rolandelli A, Casco N, Palmero DJ, Colombo MI, García VE. IL17A augments autophagy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected monocytes from patients with active tuberculosis in association with the severity of the disease. Autophagy 2017; 13:1191-1204. [PMID: 28581888 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1320636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During mycobacterial infection, macroautophagy/autophagy, a process modulated by cytokines, is essential for mounting successful host responses. Autophagy collaborates with human immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) in association with specific IFNG secreted against the pathogen. However, IFNG alone is not sufficient to the complete bacterial eradication, and other cytokines might be required. Actually, induction of Th1 and Th17 immune responses are required for protection against Mt. Accordingly, we showed that IL17A and IFNG expression in lymphocytes from tuberculosis patients correlates with disease severity. Here we investigate the role of IFNG and IL17A during autophagy in monocytes infected with Mt H37Rv or the mutant MtΔRD1. Patients with active disease were classified as high responder (HR) or low responder (LR) according to their T cell responses against Mt. IL17A augmented autophagy in infected monocytes from HR patients through a mechanism that activated MAPK1/ERK2-MAPK3/ERK1 but, during infection of monocytes from LR patients, IL17A had no effect on the autophagic response. In contrast, addition of IFNG to infected monocytes, increased autophagy by activating MAPK14/p38 α both in HR and LR patients. Interestingly, proteins codified in the RD1 region did not interfere with IFNG and IL17A autophagy induction. Therefore, in severe tuberculosis patients' monocytes, IL17A was unable to augment autophagy because of a defect in the MAPK1/3 signaling pathway. In contrast, both IFNG and IL17A increased autophagy levels in patients with strong immunity to Mt, promoting mycobacterial killing. Our findings might contribute to recognize new targets for the development of novel therapeutic tools to fight the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Liliana Tateosian
- a Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. UBA , Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales . Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini
- a Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. UBA , Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales . Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Nicolás Oscar Amiano
- a Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. UBA , Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales . Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Agustín Rolandelli
- a Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. UBA , Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales . Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Nicolás Casco
- c División Tisioneumonología Hospital F.J. Muñiz , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - María Isabel Colombo
- d Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Verónica Edith García
- a Departamento de Química Biológica. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. UBA , Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,b Universidad de Buenos Aires. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales . Ciudad Universitaria , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Furini AAC, Capobianco MP, Storti-Melo LM, Cunha MG, Cassiano GC, Machado RLD. Cytokine gene polymorphisms are not associated with anti-PvDBP, anti-PvAMA-1 or anti-PvMSP-119 IgG antibody levels in a malaria-endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 2016; 15:374. [PMID: 27435973 PMCID: PMC4952271 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response against Plasmodium vivax immunogenic epitopes is regulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that determine antibody levels and class switching. Cytokine gene polymorphisms may be responsible for changes in the humoral immune response against malaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether polymorphisms in the TNFA, IFNG and IL10 genes would alter the levels of anti-PvAMA1, PvDBP and -PvMSP-119 IgG antibodies in patients with vivax malaria. Methods Samples from 90 vivax malaria-infected and 51 uninfected subjects from an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) to identify polymorphisms of the genes TNFA (−1031T > C, −308G > A, −238G > A), IFNG (+874T > A) and IL10 (−819C > T, −592C > A). The levels of total IgG against PvAMA1, PvDBP and PvMSP-119 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Associations between the polymorphisms and the antibody response were assessed by means of logistic regression models. Results No significant differences were found in the levels of IgG antibodies against the PvAMA-1, PvDBP or PvMSP-119 proteins in relation to the studied polymorphisms. Conclusions Although no associations were found among the evaluated genotypes and alleles and anti-merozoite IgG class P. vivax antibody levels, this study helps elucidate the immunogenic profile involved in the humoral immune response in malaria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1414-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A C Furini
- Department of Dermatology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcela P Capobianco
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane M Storti-Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Maristela G Cunha
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA), Belém, State of Pará (PA), Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Cassiano
- Laboratory of Tropical Diseases-Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz D Machado
- Department of Dermatology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Basic Research in Malaria, Section of Parasitology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Belém, PA, Brazil
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37
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Rovetta AI, Peña D, Hernández Del Pino RE, Recalde GM, Pellegrini J, Bigi F, Musella RM, Palmero DJ, Gutierrez M, Colombo MI, García VE. IFNG-mediated immune responses enhance autophagy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in patients with active tuberculosis. Autophagy 2015; 10:2109-21. [PMID: 25426782 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.981791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) requires IFNG. Besides, IFNG-mediated induction of autophagy suppresses survival of virulent Mtb in macrophage cell lines. We investigated the contribution of autophagy to the defense against Mtb antigen (Mtb-Ag) in cells from tuberculosis patients and healthy donors (HD). Patients were classified as high responders (HR) if their T cells produced significant IFNG against Mtb-Ag; and low responders (LR) when patients showed weak or no T cell responses to Mtb-Ag. The highest autophagy levels were detected in HD cells whereas the lowest quantities were observed in LR patients. Interestingly, upon Mtb-Ag stimulation, we detected a positive correlation between IFNG and MAP1LC3B-II/LC3-II levels. Actually, blockage of Mtb-Ag-induced IFNG markedly reduced autophagy in HR patients whereas addition of limited amounts of IFNG significantly increased autophagy in LR patients. Therefore, autophagy collaborates with human immune responses against Mtb in close association with specific IFNG secreted against the pathogen.
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Key Words
- AG, antigen
- ATG, autophagy-related
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GTP, guanosine triphosphate
- HD, healthy donors
- HR TB, high-responder tuberculosis patient
- IFNG
- IFNG, interferon gamma
- IL, Interleukin
- LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3
- LR TB, low-responder tuberculosis patients
- Mtb-Ag, Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- SLAM, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule
- TB, tuberculosis
- Th, T helper
- autophagy
- cytokines
- defense
- immune response
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- patients
- rIFNG, recombinant IFNG
- tuberculosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rovetta
- a Departamento de Química Biológica; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) ; Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Szabó J, Andrásofszky E, Tuboly T, Bersényi A, Weisz A, Hetényi N, Hullár I. Effect of arginine or glutamine supplementation on production, organ weights, interferon gamma, interleukin 6 and antibody titre of broilers. Acta Vet Hung 2014; 62:348-61. [PMID: 25038949 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2014.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was designed to test whether supplementation of the diet with arginine (Arg) or glutamine (Gln) or their combination influences the production, organ weights and humoral immune response of broilers. A total of 432 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 6 treatment groups: control, Arg-0.5%, Arg-1%, Gln-0.5%, Gln-1% and Arg-0.5%+Gln-0.5%. Drinking water and feed were provided ad libitum. On day 18 of the experiment 50% of chickens in each treatment group were immunised with bovine serum albumin. Ten and 21 days after immunisation blood samples were collected to determine the anti-albumin IgY titre, interleukin 6 (IL6) and interferon gamma (IFNG) and to measure the weight of the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus. Arg or Gln supplementation of the diets influenced neither the production nor the organ weights until 18 days of age. Between 18 and 39 days of age both Arg (0.5% and 1%) and Arg + Gln supplementation improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 3.7%, 6.3% and 4.9%, respectively, while Gln-1% worsened it by 15%. Immunisation slightly (-0.79%) depressed the body weight gain of broilers fed the control diet, which was significantly improved by both Arg (0.5 or 1%) and Arg + Gln supplementation. Immunisation increased the weight of the spleen, bursa and thymus and decreased that of the liver. Supplementation with 1% Gln depressed (-5.13%) the body weight gain of the immunised chickens but strongly stimulated the immune response. Supplementations with Arg and Gln did not influence the IL6 and IFNG level of the blood; however, on day 10 after immunisation these two parameters showed a negative correlation with each other. Regarding production, organ weights and immunity, Arg supplementation should be recommended in the grower phase, while Gln supplementation can be useful in pullets raised for egg production, where a good immune response to vaccinations is an important factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Szabó
- 1 Szent István University Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Emese Andrásofszky
- 1 Szent István University Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tamás Tuboly
- 2 Szent István University Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - András Bersényi
- 1 Szent István University Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Andrea Weisz
- 1 Szent István University Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Hetényi
- 1 Szent István University Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
| | - István Hullár
- 1 Szent István University Institute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science István u. 2 H-1078 Budapest Hungary
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Pant SD, Verschoor CP, Schenkel FS, You Q, Kelton DF, Karrow NA. Bovine CLEC7A genetic variants and their association with seropositivity in Johne's disease ELISA. Gene 2014; 537:302-7. [PMID: 24393710 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in cattle causes significant economic losses to the dairy and beef industries resulting from reduced productivity, premature culling and mortality. Bovine Dectin-1, an important pattern recognition molecule that is able to generate a proinflammatory response by acting alongside Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling, is known to co-operate with TLR2 to specifically activate a macrophage proinflammatory response against mycobacterial infections. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding bovine Dectin-1 (CLEC7A) and to assess their association with susceptibility to MAP infection in dairy cattle. Blood and milk samples, collected from commercial dairy operations, were tested for MAP infection using blood and milk ELISAs and a resource population consisting of 197 infected and 242 healthy cattle was constructed. Pooled DNA was used for sequencing and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Identified SNPs were genotyped on the resource population using the iPLEX MassARRAY system and statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression fitting the additive and dominance effects of each SNP in the model. Out of a total of eight identified SNPs, five were successfully genotyped, and three out of these five SNPs were found to be in complete linkage. Statistical analysis revealed a strong association between a non-synonymous SNP c.589A>G (p=0.008), and MAP infection status of the resource population inferred by seropositivity in MAP antibody specific ELISAs. This SNP c.589A>G was located in the geneic region that encodes the carbohydrate recognition domain of bovine Dectin-1. Therefore, further investigation of its functional relevance is warranted.
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Holla S, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Bayry J, Balaji KN. Selective inhibition of IFNG-induced autophagy by Mir155- and Mir31-responsive WNT5A and SHH signaling. Autophagy 2013; 10:311-30. [PMID: 24343269 DOI: 10.4161/auto.27225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the major immune mechanisms engaged to clear intracellular infectious agents. However, several pathogens have evolved strategies to evade autophagy. Here, we demonstrated that Mycobacteria, Shigella, and Listeria but not Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia inhibit IFNG-induced autophagy in macrophages by evoking selective and robust activation of WNT and SHH pathways via MTOR. Utilization of gain- or loss-of-function analyses as well as mir155-null macrophages emphasized the role of MTOR-responsive epigenetic modifications in the induction of Mir155 and Mir31. Importantly, cellular levels of PP2A, a phosphatase, were regulated by Mir155 and Mir31 to fine-tune autophagy. Diminished expression of PP2A led to inhibition of GSK3B, thus facilitating the prolonged activation of WNT and SHH signaling pathways. Sustained WNT and SHH signaling effectuated the expression of anti-inflammatory lipoxygenases, which in tandem inhibited IFNG-induced JAK-STAT signaling and contributed to evasion of autophagy. Altogether, these results established a role for new host factors and inhibitory mechanisms employed by the pathogens to limit autophagy, which could be targeted for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Holla
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore, Karnataka India
| | | | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Paris, France
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Chen SN, Huang B, Zhang XW, Li Y, Zhao LJ, Li N, Gao Q, Nie P. IFN-γ and its receptors in a reptile reveal the evolutionary conservation of type II IFNs in vertebrates. Dev Comp Immunol 2013; 41:587-96. [PMID: 23850722 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interferon gamma receptor (IFN-γR) genes have been identified in non-avian reptile, the North American green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis). Like their counterparts from other jawed vertebrates, lizard IFN-γ, IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2 show conserved features in genomic organizations, gene loci and protein sequences. The IFN-γ gene has the full cDNA sequence of 936 bp, with 522 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 174 amino acids, and has the genomic organization of four exons and three introns as observed in IFN-γ genes of other classes of vertebrates. The receptors, IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2 have the ORF of 1278 and 984 bp, coding for 425 and 327 aa, respectively, with the genome organization of seven exons and six introns. In the gene loci of IFN-γ, DYRK2, IL22, IL26 and MDM1 are found with conserved synteny in vertebrates, and similar genes adjacent to IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2 were also found. These receptors also contain conserved motifs, such as the membrane-proximal region and the C-terminal five residue motif in IFN-γR1, and intracellular conservative sequence in IFN-γR2, which have been confirmed to mediate down-stream JAK-STAT signaling pathway in mammals. IFN-γ and its receptors, IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2 were constitutively expressed in organs/tissues examined in the lizard, and up-regulated expression of IFN-γ was observed in organs/tissues examined following the poly(I:C) stimulation, suggesting its antiviral role in lizards. The conserved features of IFN-γ and its receptors, IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2, in gene organization and gene locus as well as in functional domain or motif may imply that the function of type II IFN system is evolutionarily conserved in the green anole lizard, as observed in other classes of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China; Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
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