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Oleksiewicz U, Machnik M, Sobocińska J, Molenda S, Olechnowicz A, Florczak A, Smolibowski M, Kaczmarek M. ZNF714 Supports Pro-Oncogenic Features in Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15530. [PMID: 37958512 PMCID: PMC10649060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the ongoing progress in diagnosis and treatments, cancer remains a threat to more than one-third of the human population. The emerging data indicate that many Krüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZNF) belonging to a large gene family may be involved in carcinogenesis. Our previous study identified Zinc Finger Protein 714 (ZNF714), a KRAB-ZNF gene of unknown function, as being commonly overexpressed in many tumors, pointing to its hypothetical oncogenic role. Here, we harnessed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-centered databases and performed functional studies with transcriptomic and methylomic profiling to explore ZNF714 function in cancer. Our pan-cancer analyses confirmed frequent ZNF714 overexpression in multiple tumors, possibly due to regional amplification, promoter hypomethylation, and Nuclear Transcription Factor Y Subunit Beta (NFYB) signaling. We also showed that ZNF714 expression correlates with tumor immunosuppressive features. The in vitro studies indicated that ZNF714 expression positively associates with proliferation, migration, and invasion. The transcriptomic analysis of ZNF714 knocked-down cells demonstrated deregulation of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Importantly, we provided evidence that ZNF714 negatively regulates the expression of several known TSGs indirectly via promoter methylation. However, as ZNF714 did not show nuclear localization in our research model, the regulatory mechanisms exerted by ZNF714 require further investigation. In conclusion, our results reveal, for the first time, that ZNF714 may support pro-oncogenic features in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Oleksiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Machnik
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobocińska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sara Molenda
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Olechnowicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 6 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Florczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Smolibowski
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Zheng X, Jing J, Yuan M, Liu N, Song Y. Contribution of gene polymorphisms on 3p25 to salivary gland carcinoma, ameloblastoma, and odontogenic keratocyst in the Chinese Han population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 136:220-230. [PMID: 37495273 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the contribution of gene polymorphisms in 3p25 to salivary gland carcinoma (SGC), ameloblastoma (AM), and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) in the Chinese Han population. STUDY DESIGN Sixteen tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 5 genes (SYN2, TIMP4, PPARG, RAF1, and IQSEC1) in 3p25 were genotyped in 411 individuals with or without SGC, AM, and OKC. Genotype, clinical phenotype, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to evaluate the function of candidate SNPs. RESULTS SYN2-rs3773364, TIMP4-rs3755724, PPARG-rs10865710, and PPARG-rs1175544 were related to decreased SGC susceptibility, whereas IQSEC1-rs2600322 and IQSEC1-rs2686742 decreased and increased AM risk, respectively. Stratification analysis revealed that the significance of the identified SNPs was stronger in females or individuals younger than 46 years in SGC. PPARG-rs10865710 and PPARG-rs1175544 were associated with lower lymph node metastasis. SYN2-rs3773364 and PPARG-rs1175544 were associated with favorable SGC patient survival. Functional assessments linked PPARG-rs1175544 to PPARG expression regulation. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed a haplotype (SYN2-rs3773364-A, TIMP4-rs3817004-A, and TIMP4-rs3755724-C) associated with decreased susceptibility to SGC. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis indicated the gene-gene interactions among IQSEC1, TIMP4, and PPARG in SGC, AM, and OKC progression. CONCLUSIONS These variants play important roles in the progression of SGC, AM, and OKC in the Chinese Han population and may be considered biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Jing
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Minyan Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianke Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei_MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Rodak O, Mrozowska M, Rusak A, Gomułkiewicz A, Piotrowska A, Olbromski M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Ugorski M, Dzięgiel P. Targeting SOX18 Transcription Factor Activity by Small-Molecule Inhibitor Sm4 in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11316. [PMID: 37511076 PMCID: PMC10379584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX18 has been shown to play a crucial role in lung cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the effect of Sm4, a SOX18 inhibitor, on cell cycle regulation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines LXF-289 and SK-MES-1, as well as normal human lung fibroblast cell line IMR-90. Our results demonstrated that Sm4 treatment induced cytotoxic effects on all three cell lines, with a greater effect observed in NSCLC adenocarcinoma cells. Sm4 treatment led to S-phase cell accumulation and upregulation of p21, a key regulator of the S-to-G2/M phase transition. While no significant changes in SOX7 or SOX17 protein expression were observed, Sm4 treatment resulted in a significant upregulation of SOX17 gene expression. Furthermore, our findings suggest a complex interplay between SOX18 and p21 in the context of lung cancer, with a positive correlation observed between SOX18 expression and p21 nuclear presence in clinical tissue samples obtained from lung cancer patients. These results suggest that Sm4 has the potential to disrupt the cell cycle and target cancer cell growth by modulating SOX18 activity and p21 expression. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the relationship between SOX18 and p21 in lung cancer and to explore the therapeutic potential of SOX18 inhibition in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rodak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Ugorski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Saed L, Balcerczak E, Łochowski M, Olechnowicz E, Sałagacka-Kubiak A. HMGA1 gene expression level in cancer tissue and blood samples of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: preliminary report. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1505-1514. [PMID: 35948739 PMCID: PMC9596564 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the HMGA1 gene expression level in NSCLC patients and to evaluate its association with selected clinicopathological features and overall survival of patients. The expression of the HMGA1, coding non-histone transcription regulator HMGA1, was previously proved to correlate with the ability of cancer cells to metastasize the advancement of the disease. The prognostic value of the HMGA1 expression level was demonstrated in some neoplasms, e.g., pancreatic, gastric, endometrial, hepatocellular cancer, but the knowledge about its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still limited. Thus, the HMGA1 expression level was evaluated by real-time PCR method in postoperative tumor tissue and blood samples collected at the time of diagnosis, 100 days and 1 year after surgery from 47 NSCLC patients. Mean HMGA1 expression level in blood decreased systematically from the time of cancer diagnosis to 1 year after surgery. The blood HMGA1 expression level 1 year after surgery was associated with the tobacco smoking status of patients (p= 0.0230). Patients with high blood HMGA1 expression levels measured 100 days after surgery tend to have worse overall survival than those with low expression levels (p= 0.1197). Tumor HMGA1 expression level was associated with neither features nor the overall survival of NSCLC patients. Moreover, no correlation between HMGA1 expression level measured in tumor tissue and blood samples was stated. Blood HMGA1 mRNA level could be a promising factor in the prognostication of non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lias Saed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Łochowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Copernicus Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Olechnowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sałagacka-Kubiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Minaei E, Mueller SA, Ashford B, Thind AS, Mitchell J, Perry JR, Genenger B, Clark JR, Gupta R, Ranson M. Cancer Progression Gene Expression Profiling Identifies the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor as a Biomarker of Metastasis in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835929. [PMID: 35480116 PMCID: PMC9035872 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of the head and neck region is the second most prevalent skin cancer, with metastases to regional lymph nodes occurring in 2%–5% of cases. To further our understanding of the molecular events characterizing cSCC invasion and metastasis, we conducted targeted cancer progression gene expression and pathway analysis in non-metastasizing (PRI-) and metastasizing primary (PRI+) cSCC tumors of the head and neck region, cognate lymph node metastases (MET), and matched sun-exposed skin (SES). The highest differentially expressed genes in metastatic (MET and PRI+) versus non-metastatic tumors (PRI-) and SES included PLAU, PLAUR, MMP1, MMP10, MMP13, ITGA5, VEGFA, and various inflammatory cytokine genes. Pathway enrichment analyses implicated these genes in cellular pathways and functions promoting matrix remodeling, cell survival and migration, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, which were all significantly activated in metastatic compared to non-metastatic tumors (PRI-) and SES. We validated the overexpression of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR, encoded by PLAUR) in an extended patient cohort by demonstrating higher uPAR staining intensity in metastasizing tumors. As pathway analyses identified epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a potential upstream regulator of PLAUR, the effect of EGF on uPAR expression levels and cell motility was functionally validated in human metastatic cSCC cells. In conclusion, we propose that uPAR is an important driver of metastasis in cSCC and represents a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Minaei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon A. Mueller
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zurich University Hospital University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Amarinder Singh Thind
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny Mitchell
- Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District (ISLHD), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay R. Perry
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Genenger
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan R. Clark
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruta Gupta
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Marie Ranson,
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Aberrant Methylation of SLIT2 Gene in Plasma Cell-Free DNA of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020296. [PMID: 35053460 PMCID: PMC8773699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite significant advances in the detection, prevention, and treatment of lung cancer, the prognosis of the patients is still very poor due in part to micrometastasis of cancer cells to surrounding tissues at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, identifying biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer is very important for prolonging the lifespan of patients with lung cancer. The methylation statuses of SLIT1, SLIT2, SLIT3 genes were analyzed in bronchial washing, bronchial biopsy, sputum, tumor and matched normal tissues, or plasma samples obtained from a total of 208 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 121 cancer-free patients to understand the feasibility of the genes as biomarkers for early detection and survival prediction of NSCLC. The present study suggests that aberrant methylation of SLIT2 in plasma cell-free DNA might be a potential biomarker for the early detection and prognosis prediction of NSCLC patient. Abstract This study aimed to understand aberrant methylation of SLITs genes as a biomarker for the early detection and prognosis prediction of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methylation levels of SLITs were determined using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip or pyrosequencing. Five CpGs at the CpG island of SLIT1, SLIT2 or SLIT3 genes were significantly (Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05) hypermethylated in tumor tissues obtained from 42 NSCLC patients than in matched normal tissues. Methylation levels of these CpGs did not differ significantly between bronchial washings obtained from 76 NSCLC patients and 60 cancer-free patients. However, methylation levels of SLIT2 gene were significantly higher in plasma cell-free DNA of 72 NSCLC patients than in that of 61 cancer-free patients (p = 0.001, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Prediction of NSCLC using SLIT2 methylation was achieved with a sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 61.9% in a plasma test dataset (N = 40). A Cox proportional hazards model showed that SLIT2 hypermethylation in plasma cell-free DNA was significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival (hazards ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval = 1.21–4.36, p = 0.01). The present study suggests that aberrant methylation of SLIT2 in plasma cell-free DNA is a valuable biomarker for the early detection of NSCLC and prediction of recurrence-free survival. However, further research is needed with larger sample size to confirm results.
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Jung J, Lee YJ, Kim CH, Ahn S. Landscape of epigenetically regulated lncRNAs and DNA methylation in smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247928. [PMID: 33684161 PMCID: PMC7939300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with DNA methylation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) using clinical and methylation/expression data from 184 qualified LUAD tissue samples and 21 normal lung-tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified 1865 differentially expressed genes that correlated negatively with the methylation profiles of normal lung tissues, never-smoker LUAD tissues and smoker LUAD tissues, while 1079 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified using the same criteria. These transcripts were integrated using ingenuity pathway analysis to determine significant pathways directly related to cancer, suggesting that lncRNAs play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. When comparing normal lung tissues and smoker LUAD tissues, 86 candidate genes were identified, including six lncRNAs. Of the 43 candidate genes revealed by comparing never-smoker LUAD tissues and smoker LUAD tissues, 13 were also different when compared to normal lung tissues. We then investigated the expression of these genes using the Gene Expression of Normal and Tumor Tissues (GENT) and Methylation and Expression Database of Normal and Tumor Tissues (MENT) databases. We observed an inverse correlation between the expression of 13 genes in normal lung tissues and smoker LUAD tissues, and the expression of five genes between the never-smoker and smoker LUAD tissues. These findings were further validated in clinical specimens using bisulfite sequencing, revealing that AGR2, AURKB, FOXP3, and HMGA1 displayed borderline differences in methylation. Finally, we explored the functional connections between DNA methylation, lncRNAs, and gene expression to identify possible targets that may contribute toward the pathogenesis of cigarette smoking-associated LUAD. Together, our findings suggested that differentially expressed lncRNAs and their target transcripts could serve as potential biomarkers for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Jung
- Department of Pathology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hwan Kim
- Department of Pathology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CHK); (SA)
| | - Sangjeong Ahn
- Department of Pathology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CHK); (SA)
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Al-Yozbaki M, Jabre I, Syed NH, Wilson CM. Targeting DNA methyltransferases in non-small-cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:77-87. [PMID: 33486076 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment using chemotherapy or targeted therapies, due to static survival rates, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epigenetic-based therapies have been developed for NSCLC by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone-modifying enzymes. However, treatment using single epigenetic agents on solid tumours has been inadequate; whereas, treatment with a combination of DNMTs inhibitors with chemotherapy and immunotherapy has shown great promise. Dietary sources of phytochemicals could also inhibit DNMTs and cancer stem cells, representing a novel and promising way to prevent and treat cancer. Herein, we will discuss the different DNMTs, DNA methylation profiling in NSCLC as well as current demethylating agents in ongoing clinical trials. Therefore, providing a concise overview of future developments in the field of epigenetic therapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Ibtissam Jabre
- Dept. of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Naeem H Syed
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Cornelia M Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translation Medicine, Dept of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK.
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Zhao W, Rong Z, Wang W, Li S, Lu Y, Cao L, Zhang L, Yang K, Deng K, Yang C, Li K. Methylation biomarkers with discriminating ability are potential therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma. Epigenomics 2020; 14:469-480. [PMID: 33290106 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Given the reversibility of methylation, biomarkers with discriminating ability are of great interest for targeted therapeutic sites. Materials & methods: Methylation array data of 461 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients comprising of 458 tumor and 32 LUAD paracancerous samples were compared using partial least squares discrimination analysis and receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results: A six-DNA methylation signature (corresponding to five genes) was found to significantly discriminate normal and LUAD samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated enrichment of methylation sites in the Wnt pathway in LUAD compared with controls. Conclusion: This six-DNA methylation signature demonstrated potential as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Further, inhibition of Wnt signaling pathway may be an important step in LUAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Rong
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Yaxin Lu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Liuchao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Kui Deng
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, PR China
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Liu Y, Feng Y, Hou T, Lizaso A, Xu F, Xing P, Wang H, Kang Q, Zhang L, Shi Y, Hu X. Investigation on the potential of circulating tumor DNA methylation patterns as prognostic biomarkers for lung squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2356-2366. [PMID: 33489798 PMCID: PMC7815356 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Aberrant epigenetic modifications play a key role in lung tumorigenesis. In our study, we aimed to explore the clinical implications of baseline circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) somatic and methylation profiles in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Methods A total of 26 patients with LUSC of various stages were included in this study. Somatic mutations and methylation levels were profiled from the plasma-derived ctDNA obtained at the time of diagnosis using unique molecular identifier (UMI)-based targeted sequencing and bisulfite sequencing, respectively. The correlation between baseline ctDNA mutation and methylation profile, and overall survival (OS), were analyzed. Results Somatic mutations were detected in 80.8% (20/26) of the patients. Patients harboring somatic mutations with maximum allelic fraction (maxAF) of >5% had significantly shorter OS compared to those with maxAF ≤5% (7.1 vs. 54.6 months; P=0.020). ctDNA methylation level was found to be strongly correlated with maxAF (Pearson correlation =0.934; P<0.001). Consistent with maxAF, higher methylation levels were also associated with poorer OS (hazard ratio =2.377; 95% CI: 1.283–4.405; P=0.006). Moreover, a total of 1,956 ctDNA methylation blocks were differentially methylated in patients with maxAF >0 (P<0.05). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between methylation signatures from 5 methylation blocks and OS (hazard ratio =183.20, 95% CI: 2.74–12,243.32; P=0.015). These 5 methylation blocks could serve as an alternative to maxAF and can be explored as prognostic biomarkers. Conclusions Our study identified several ctDNA methylation blocks that can potentially predict the prognosis of LUSC at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Hou
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Feng Xu
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Puyuan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lu Zhang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingsheng Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Küster MM, Schneider MA, Richter AM, Richtmann S, Winter H, Kriegsmann M, Pullamsetti SS, Stiewe T, Savai R, Muley T, Dammann RH. Epigenetic Inactivation of the Tumor Suppressor IRX1 Occurs Frequently in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Silencing Is Associated with Impaired Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3528. [PMID: 33256112 PMCID: PMC7760495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iroquois homeobox (IRX) encodes members of homeodomain containing genes which are involved in development and differentiation. Since it has been reported that the IRX1 gene is localized in a lung cancer susceptibility locus, the epigenetic regulation and function of IRX1 was investigated in lung carcinogenesis. We observed frequent hypermethylation of the IRX1 promoter in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Aberrant IRX1 methylation was significantly correlated with reduced IRX1 expression. In normal lung samples, the IRX1 promoter showed lower median DNA methylation levels (<10%) compared to primary adenocarcinoma (ADC, 22%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC, 14%). A significant hypermethylation and downregulation of IRX1 was detected in ADC and SQCC compared to matching normal lung samples (p < 0.0001). Low IRX1 expression was significantly correlated with impaired prognosis of ADC patients (p = 0.001). Reduced survival probability was also associated with higher IRX1 promoter methylation (p = 0.02). Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity reactivated IRX1 expression in human lung cancer cell lines. Induced DNMT3A and EZH2 expression was correlated with downregulation of IRX1. On the cellular level, IRX1 exhibits nuclear localization and expression of IRX1 induced fragmented nuclei in cancer cells. Localization of IRX1 and induction of aberrant nuclei were dependent on the presence of the homeobox of IRX1. By data mining, we showed that IRX1 is negatively correlated with oncogenic pathways and IRX1 expression induces the proapoptotic regulator BAX. In conclusion, we report that IRX1 expression is significantly associated with improved survival probability of ADC patients. IRX1 hypermethylation may serve as molecular biomarker for ADC diagnosis and prognosis. Our data suggest that IRX1 acts as an epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam M. Küster
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.M.K.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Marc A. Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.A.S.); (S.R.); (T.M.)
- Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (H.W.); (M.K.); (S.S.P.); (T.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Antje M. Richter
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.M.K.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Sarah Richtmann
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.A.S.); (S.R.); (T.M.)
- Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (H.W.); (M.K.); (S.S.P.); (T.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Hauke Winter
- Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (H.W.); (M.K.); (S.S.P.); (T.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (H.W.); (M.K.); (S.S.P.); (T.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soni S. Pullamsetti
- Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (H.W.); (M.K.); (S.S.P.); (T.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (H.W.); (M.K.); (S.S.P.); (T.S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (H.W.); (M.K.); (S.S.P.); (T.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.A.S.); (S.R.); (T.M.)
- Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (H.W.); (M.K.); (S.S.P.); (T.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Reinhard H. Dammann
- Faculty of Biology, Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.M.K.); (A.M.R.)
- Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (H.W.); (M.K.); (S.S.P.); (T.S.); (R.S.)
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12
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Olbromski M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P. Role of SOX Protein Groups F and H in Lung Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113235. [PMID: 33152990 PMCID: PMC7692225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The expression of SOX proteins has been demonstrated in many tissues at various stages of embryogenesis, where they play the role of transcription factors. The SOX18 protein (along with SOX7 and SOX17) belongs to the SOXF group and is mainly involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, where its expression was found in the endothelium. SOX18 expression was also demonstrated in neoplastic lines of gastric, pancreatic and colon adenocarcinomas. The prognostic role of SOX30 expression has only been studied in lung adenocarcinomas, where a low expression of this factor in the stromal tumor was associated with a worse prognosis for patients. Because of the complexity of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development, the role of the SOX proteins in this malignancy is still not fully understood. Many recently published papers show that SOX family protein members play a crucial role in the progression of NSCLC. Abstract The SOX family proteins are proved to play a crucial role in the development of the lymphatic ducts and the cardiovascular system. Moreover, an increased expression level of the SOX18 protein has been found in many malignances, such as melanoma, stomach, pancreatic breast and lung cancers. Another SOX family protein, the SOX30 transcription factor, is responsible for the development of male germ cells. Additionally, recent studies have shown its proapoptotic character in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Our preliminary studies showed a disparity in the amount of mRNA of the SOX18 gene relative to the amount of protein. This is why our attention has been focused on microRNA (miRNA) molecules, which could regulate the SOX18 gene transcript level. Recent data point to the fact that, in practically all types of cancer, hundreds of genes exhibit an abnormal methylation, covering around 5–10% of the thousands of CpG islands present in the promoter sequences, which in normal cells should not be methylated from the moment the embryo finishes its development. It has been demonstrated that in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases there is a large heterogeneity of the methylation process. The role of the SOX18 and SOX30 expression in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) is not yet fully understood. However, if we take into account previous reports, these proteins may be important factors in the development and progression of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717-841-354; Fax: +48-717-840-082
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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13
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Geng Q, Deng H, Fu J, Cui F. SOX18 exerts tumor-suppressive functions in papillary thyroid carcinoma through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112249. [PMID: 32858034 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sex-determining region on the Y chromosome-related high mobility group box 18 (SOX18) has emerged as a key tumor-related protein in a wide range of human tumors. Yet, the involvement of SOX18 in papillary thyroid carcinoma has not been determined. This study aimed to explore the expression and biological function of SOX18 in papillary thyroid carcinoma. There was a significant decrease in SOX18 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues compared with that in normal tissues. Low expression of SOX18 was also detected in papillary thyroid carcinoma cell lines and upregulation of SOX18 effectively repressed the proliferative, colony-forming and invasive abilities of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells in vitro. In contrast, knockdown of SOX18 in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells was associated with a significant increase in cell proliferation and invasion. Further studies revealed that SOX18 upregulation was associated with the reduced nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling markedly attenuated SOX18 knockdown-evoked oncogenic effects in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. In addition, SOX18 overexpression remarkably retarded the tumor growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma cell-derived xenograft tumors in nude mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SOX18 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our study reveals a tumor-suppressive role of SOX18 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and suggests that SOX18 is an attractive candidate target for treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Geng
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Huixing Deng
- Nuclear Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Feibo Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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14
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Cheng YY, Rath EM, Linton A, Yuen ML, Takahashi K, Lee K. The Current Understanding Of Asbestos-Induced Epigenetic Changes Associated With Lung Cancer. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2020; 11:1-11. [PMID: 32021524 PMCID: PMC6955579 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s186843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral consisting of extremely fine fibres that can become trapped in the lungs after inhalation. Occupational and environmental exposures to asbestos are linked to development of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma, a cancer of the lining surrounding the lung. This review discusses the factors that are making asbestos-induced lung cancer a continuing problem, including the extensive historic use of asbestos and decades long latency between exposure and disease development. Genomic mutations of DNA nucleotides and gene rearrangements driving lung cancer are well-studied, with biomarkers and targeted therapies already in clinical use for some of these mutations. The genes involved in these mutation biomarkers and targeted therapies are also involved in epigenetic mechanisms and are discussed in this review as it is hoped that identification of epigenetic aberrations in these genes will enable the same gene biomarkers and targeted therapies to be used. Currently, understanding of how asbestos fibres trapped in the lungs leads to epigenetic changes and lung cancer is incomplete. It has been shown that oxidoreduction reactions on fibre surfaces generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) which in turn damage DNA, leading to genetic and epigenetic alterations that reduce the activity of tumour suppressor genes. Epigenetic DNA methylation changes associated with lung cancer are summarised in this review, and some of these changes will be due to asbestos exposure. So far, little research has been carried out to separate the asbestos driven epigenetic changes from those due to non-asbestos causes of lung cancer. Asbestos-associated lung cancers exhibit less methylation variability than lung cancers in general, and in a large proportion of samples variability has been found to be restricted to promoter regions. Epigenetic aberrations in cancer are proving to be promising biomarkers for diagnosing cancers. It is hoped that further understanding of epigenetic changes in lung cancer can result in useful asbestos-associated lung cancer biomarkers to guide treatment. Research is ongoing into the detection of lung cancer epigenetic alterations using non-invasive samples of blood and sputum. These efforts hold the promise of non-invasive cancer diagnosis in the future. Efforts to reverse epigenetic aberrations in lung cancer by epigenetic therapies are ongoing but have not yet yielded success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma M Rath
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Linton
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Man Lee Yuen
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Asbestos Disease Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Deutschmeyer V, Breuer J, Walesch SK, Sokol AM, Graumann J, Bartkuhn M, Boettger T, Rossbach O, Richter AM. Epigenetic therapy of novel tumour suppressor ZAR1 and its cancer biomarker function. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:182. [PMID: 31801617 PMCID: PMC6894338 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer still is one of the leading causes of death and its death toll is predicted to rise further. We identified earlier the potential tumour suppressor zygote arrest 1 (ZAR1) to play a role in lung carcinogenesis through its epigenetic inactivation. Results We are the first to report that ZAR1 is epigenetically inactivated not only in lung cancer but also across cancer types, and ZAR1 methylation occurs across its complete CpG island. ZAR1 hypermethylation significantly correlates with its expression reduction in cancers. We are also the first to report that ZAR1 methylation and expression reduction are of clinical importance as a prognostic marker for lung cancer and kidney cancer. We further established that the carboxy (C)-terminally present zinc-finger of ZAR1 is relevant for its tumour suppression function and its protein partner binding associated with the mRNA/ribosomal network. Global gene expression profiling supported ZAR1's role in cell cycle arrest and p53 signalling pathway, and we could show that ZAR1 growth suppression was in part p53 dependent. Using the CRISPR-dCas9 tools, we were able to prove that epigenetic editing and reactivation of ZAR1 is possible in cancer cell lines. Conclusion ZAR1 is a novel cancer biomarker for lung and kidney, which is epigenetically silenced in various cancers by DNA hypermethylation. ZAR1 exerts its tumour suppressive function in part through p53 and through its zinc-finger domain. Epigenetic therapy can reactivate the ZAR1 tumour suppressor in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janina Breuer
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara K Walesch
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna M Sokol
- Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Scientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Oliver Rossbach
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antje M Richter
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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16
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Shen N, Du J, Zhou H, Chen N, Pan Y, Hoheisel JD, Jiang Z, Xiao L, Tao Y, Mo X. A Diagnostic Panel of DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1281. [PMID: 31850197 PMCID: PMC6901798 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common cancers and lethal diseases in the world. Recognition of the undetermined lung nodules at an early stage is useful for a favorable prognosis. However, there is no good method to identify the undetermined lung nodules and predict their clinical outcome. DNA methylation alteration is frequently observed in LUAD and may play important roles in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, and prediction. This study took advantage of publicly available methylation profiling resources and a machine learning method to investigate methylation differences between LUAD and adjacent non-malignant tissue. The prediction panel was first constructed using 338 tissue samples from LUAD patients including 149 non-malignant ones. This model was then validated with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and clinic samples. As a result, the methylation status of four CpG loci in homeobox A9 (HOXA9), keratin-associated protein 8-1 (KRTAP8-1), cyclin D1 (CCND1), and tubby-like protein 2 (TULP2) were highlighted as informative markers. A random forest classification model with an accuracy of 94.57% and kappa of 88.96% was obtained. To evaluate this panel for LUAD, the methylation levels of four CpG loci in HOXA9, KRTAP8-1, CCND1, and TULP2 of tumor samples and matched adjacent lung samples from 25 patients with LUAD were tested. In these LUAD patients, the methylation of HOXA9 was significantly upregulated, whereas the methylation of KRTAP8-1, CCND1, and TULP2 were downregulated obviously in tumor samples compared with adjacent tissues. Our study demonstrates that the methylation of HOXA9, KRTAP8-1, CCND1, and TULP2 has great potential for the early recognition of LUAD in the undetermined lung nodules. The findings also exhibit that the application of improved mathematic algorithms can yield accurate and particularly robust and widely applicable marker panels. This approach could greatly facilitate the discovery process of biomarkers in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Lymphoma & Hematology Department, Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zonghui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital, Chuzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Mo
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Higashijima Y, Kanki Y. Molecular mechanistic insights: The emerging role of SOXF transcription factors in tumorigenesis and development. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:39-48. [PMID: 31536760 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the development and progress of next-generation sequencers incorporated with classical biochemical analyses have drastically produced novel insights into transcription factors, including Sry-like high-mobility group box (SOX) factors. In addition to their primary functions in binding to and activating specific downstream genes, transcription factors also participate in the dedifferentiation or direct reprogramming of somatic cells to undifferentiated cells or specific lineage cells. Since the discovery of SOX factors, members of the SOXF (SOX7, SOX17, and SOX18) family have been identified to play broad roles, especially with regard to cardiovascular development. More recently, SOXF factors have been recognized as crucial players in determining the cell fate and in the regulation of cancer cells. Here, we provide an overview of research on the mechanism by which SOXF factors regulate development and cancer, and discuss their potential as new targets for cancer drugs while offering insight into novel mechanistic transcriptional regulation during cell lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Higashijima
- Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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18
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Kalayasiri R, Kraijak K, Mutirangura A, Maes M. Paranoid schizophrenia and methamphetamine-induced paranoia are both characterized by a similar LINE-1 partial methylation profile, which is more pronounced in paranoid schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 208:221-227. [PMID: 30826260 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that schizophrenia is a neuro-immune disorder. Genes linked to intragenic LINE-1 methylation show a strong association with immune-associated disorders including psychosis. The aim of this study was to examine LINE-1 methylation patterns in paranoid schizophrenia and methamphetamine-induced paranoia, a model for schizophrenia. METHODS This study recruited 31 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, 94 with methamphetamine-induced paranoia (MIP) and 163 normal controls. LINE-1 methylation patterns were assayed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a combined bisulphite restriction analysis and COBRA were used to estimate LINE1 methylation (mC) and CpG dinucleotide methylation patterns, namely 2 methylated (mCmC) and 2 unmethylated (uCuC) CpGs and the partially methylated loci mCuC (5'm with 3'u) and uCmC (5'u with 3'm). RESULTS Patients with paranoid schizophrenia show highly significant changes in LINE-1 partial methylation patterns, namely a higher percentage of mCuC and lower percentage of uCmC as compared with controls and MIP patients, while the latter show a higher percentage of mCuC but lower percentage of uCmC as compared with controls. Higher mCuC significantly predicts paranoid schizophrenia with a sensitivity of 51.6%, specificity of 97.5% and an area under the ROC curve of 0.895. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that a common dysfunction in LINE-1 partial methylation may underpin both paranoid schizophrenia and MIP and that this methylation pattern is significantly more expressed in paranoid schizophrenia than MIP. Reciprocal links between impairments in LINE-1 methylation and neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways may underpin the pathophysiology of both MIP and paranoid schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmon Kalayasiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Korakot Kraijak
- Master of Science Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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LogLoss-BERAF: An ensemble-based machine learning model for constructing highly accurate diagnostic sets of methylation sites accounting for heterogeneity in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204371. [PMID: 30388122 PMCID: PMC6214495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although modern methods of whole genome DNA methylation analysis have a wide range of applications, they are not suitable for clinical diagnostics due to their high cost and complexity and due to the large amount of sample DNA required for the analysis. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to identify a relatively small number of methylation sites that provide high precision and sensitivity for the diagnosis of pathological states. We propose an algorithm for constructing limited subsamples from high-dimensional data to form diagnostic panels. We have developed a tool that utilizes different methods of selection to find an optimal, minimum necessary combination of factors using cross-entropy loss metrics (LogLoss) to identify a subset of methylation sites. We show that the algorithm can work effectively with different genome methylation patterns using ensemble-based machine learning methods. Algorithm efficiency, precision and robustness were evaluated using five genome-wide DNA methylation datasets (totaling 626 samples), and each dataset was classified into tumor and non-tumor samples. The algorithm produced an AUC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-0.99, 9 sites) for prostate adenocarcinoma and an AUC of 1.0 (from 2 to 6 sites) for urothelial bladder carcinoma, two types of kidney carcinoma and colorectal carcinoma. For prostate adenocarcinoma we showed that identified differential variability methylation patterns distinguish cluster of samples with higher recurrence rate (hazard ratio for recurrence = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.05-0.92; log-rank test, p-value < 0.03). We also identified several clusters of correlated interchangeable methylation sites that can be used for the elaboration of biological interpretation of the resulting models and for further selection of the sites most suitable for designing diagnostic panels. LogLoss-BERAF is implemented as a standalone python code and open-source code is freely available from https://github.com/bioinformatics-IBCH/logloss-beraf along with the models described in this article.
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Methamphetamine (MA) Use Induces Specific Changes in LINE-1 Partial Methylation Patterns, Which Are Associated with MA-Induced Paranoia: a Multivariate and Neuronal Network Study. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4258-4272. [PMID: 30302724 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of psychoactive substances, including methamphetamine (MA) may cause changes in DNA methylation. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of MA use on long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) methylation patterns in association with MA-induced paranoia. This study recruited 123 normal controls and 974 MA users, 302 with and 672 without MA-induced paranoia. The Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism was used to assess demographic and substance use variables. Patterns of LINE-1 methylation were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) was used to estimate overall LINE-1 methylation (mC) while COBRA classified LINE-alleles into four patterns based on the methylation status of two CpG dinucleotides on each strand from 5' to 3', namely two methylated (mCmC) and two unmethylated (uCuC) CpGs and two types of partially methylated loci (mCuC that is 5'm with 3'u and uCmC that is 5'u with 3'm CpGs). MA users showed higher % mCuC and % mCuC + uCmC levels than controls. Use of solvents and opioids, but not cannabis and alcohol dependence, significantly lowered % uCmC levels, while current smoking significantly increased % uCuC levels. MA-induced paranoia was strongly associated with changes in LINE-1 partial methylation patterns (lowered % uCmC), heavy MA use, lower age at onset of MA use, and alcohol dependence. Women who took contraceptives showed significantly lower LINE-1 % mC and % mCmC and higher % uCuC levels than women without contraceptive use and men. The results show that MA-induced changes in LINE-1 partial methylation patterns are associated with MA-induced paranoia and could explain in part the pathophysiology of this type of psychosis. It is argued that MA-induced neuro-oxidative pathways may have altered LINE-1 partial methylation patterns, which in turn may regulate neuro-oxidative and immune pathways, which may increase risk to develop MA-induced paranoia.
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Kettunen E, Hernandez-Vargas H, Cros MP, Durand G, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Stuopelyte K, Jarmalaite S, Salmenkivi K, Anttila S, Wolff H, Herceg Z, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K. Asbestos-associated genome-wide DNA methylation changes in lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2014-2029. [PMID: 28722770 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed a robust association between exposure to asbestos and human lung cancer. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the role of epigenome deregulation in the mechanism of carcinogen-induced malignancies. We examined the impact of asbestos on DNA methylation. Our genome-wide studies (using Illumina HumanMethylation450K BeadChip) of lung cancer tissue and paired normal lung from 28 asbestos-exposed or non-exposed patients, mostly smokers, revealed distinctive DNA methylation changes. We identified a number of differentially methylated regions (DMR) and differentially variable, differentially methylated CpGs (DVMC), with individual CpGs further validated by pyrosequencing in an independent series of 91 non-small cell lung cancer and paired normal lung. We discovered and validated BEND4, ZSCAN31 and GPR135 as significantly hypermethylated in lung cancer. DMRs in genes such as RARB (FDR 1.1 × 10-19 , mean change in beta [Δ] -0.09), GPR135 (FDR 1.87 × 10-8 , mean Δ -0.09) and TPO (FDR 8.58 × 10-5 , mean Δ -0.11), and DVMCs in NPTN, NRG2, GLT25D2 and TRPC3 (all with p <0.05, t-test) were significantly associated with asbestos exposure status in exposed versus non-exposed lung tumors. Hypomethylation was characteristic to DVMCs in lung cancer tissue from asbestos-exposed subjects. When DVMCs related to asbestos or smoking were analyzed, 96% of the elements were unique to either of the exposures, consistent with the concept that the methylation changes in tumors may be specific for risk factors. In conclusion, we identified novel DNA methylation changes associated with lung tumors and asbestos exposure, suggesting that changes may be present in causal pathway from asbestos exposure to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Kettunen
- Research and Service Centre for Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Epigenetics Group, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Cros
- Epigenetics Group, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Geoffroy Durand
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Le Calvez-Kelm
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kristina Stuopelyte
- Division of Human Genome Research Centre, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sonata Jarmalaite
- Division of Human Genome Research Centre, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kaisa Salmenkivi
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Sisko Anttila
- Research and Service Centre for Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Research and Service Centre for Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, Section of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kirsti Husgafvel-Pursiainen
- Research and Service Centre for Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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Impact of Natural Compounds on DNA Methylation Levels of the Tumor Suppressor Gene RASSF1A in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102160. [PMID: 29039788 PMCID: PMC5666841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (TSG) is a fundamental event in the pathogenesis of human cancer. This silencing is accomplished by aberrant chromatin modifications including DNA hypermethylation of the gene promoter. One of the most frequently hypermethylated TSG in human cancer is the Ras Association Domain Family 1A (RASSF1A) gene. Aberrant methylation of RASSF1A has been reported in melanoma, sarcoma and carcinoma of different tissues. RASSF1A hypermethylation has been correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Reactivation of epigenetically silenced TSG has been suggested as a therapy in cancer treatment. In particular, natural compounds isolated from herbal extracts have been tested for their capacity to induce RASSF1A in cancer cells, through demethylation. Here, we review the treatment of cancer cells with natural supplements (e.g., methyl donors, vitamins and polyphenols) that have been utilized to revert or prevent the epigenetic silencing of RASSF1A. Moreover, we specify pathways that were involved in RASSF1A reactivation. Several of these compounds (e.g., reseveratol and curcumin) act by inhibiting the activity or expression of DNA methyltransferases and reactive RASSF1A in cancer. Thus natural compounds could serve as important agents in tumor prevention or cancer therapy. However, the exact epigenetic reactivation mechanism is still under investigation.
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Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is of importance in tumorigenesis. In particular CpG islands (CGI), are frequently hypermethylated. Here, genome-wide DNA-methylation profiles of 480,000 CpGs in lung cancer cells were generated. It was observed that intra- and intergenic CGI exhibited higher methylation compared to normal cells. The functional annotation of hypermethylated CGI revealed that the hypermethylation was associated with homeobox domain genes and targets marked by repressive histone modifications. The strongest methylation variation was observed in transitional areas of CGI, termed shores. 5'-shores of promoter-associated CGI in lung cancer cell lines were higher methylated than 3'-shores. Within two tandem-oriented genes, a significant hypermethylation of the downstream-located CGI promoters was revealed. Hypermethylation correlates with the length of the intergenic region between such tandem genes. As the RASSF1A tumor suppressor gene represents such a downstream tandem gene, its silencing was analyzed using an inducible system. It was determined that the induction of an upstream gene led to a repression of RASSF1A through a process involving histone deacetylases and CPSF1. A tumor-specific increase in expression of histone deacetylases and CPSF1 was detected in lung cancer. Our results suggest that the downstream gene could be susceptible to epigenetic silencing when organized in a tandem orientation.
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Richter AM, Kiehl S, Köger N, Breuer J, Stiewe T, Dammann RH. ZAR1 is a novel epigenetically inactivated tumour suppressor in lung cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:60. [PMID: 28588743 PMCID: PMC5457737 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths with 1.8 million new cases each year and poor 5-year prognosis. Promoter hypermethylation of tumour suppressors leads to their inactivation and thereby can promote cancer development and progression. RESULTS In this study, we analysed ZAR1 (zygote arrest 1), which has been said to be a maternal-effect gene and its expression mostly limited to certain reproductive tissues. Our study shows that ZAR1 is expressed in normal lung but inactivated by promoter methylation in lung cancer. ZAR1 is hypermethylated in primary lung cancer samples (22% small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and 76% non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), p < 0.001) vs. normal control lung tissue (11%). In lung cancer cell lines, ZAR1 was significantly methylated in 75% of SCLC and 83% of NSCLC vs. normal tissue (p < 0.005/0.05). In matching tumours and control tissues, we observed that NSCLC primary tumour samples exhibited a tumour-specific promoter methylation of ZAR1 in comparison to the normal control lung tissue. Demethylation treatment of various lung cancer cell lines reversed ZAR1 promoter hypermethylation and subsequently re-established ZAR1 expression. In addition, we could show the growth inhibitory potential of ZAR1 in lung cancer cell lines and cancer cell lines. Exogenous expression of ZAR1 not only inhibited colony formation but also blocked cell cycle progression of cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows for the first time the lung tumour-specific epigenetic inactivation of ZAR1 due to DNA methylation of its CpG island promoter. Furthermore, ZAR1 was characterised by the ability to block tumour growth through the inhibition of cell cycle progression in cancer cell lines. We propose that ZAR1 could serve as an epigenetically inactivated biomarker in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje M. Richter
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Steffen Kiehl
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole Köger
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Janina Breuer
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard H. Dammann
- Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Tomasetti M, Amati M, Neuzil J, Santarelli L. Circulating epigenetic biomarkers in lung malignancies: From early diagnosis to therapy. Lung Cancer 2017; 107:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Global DNA hypomethylation has no impact on lung function or serum inflammatory and fibrosis cytokines in asbestos-exposed population. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:265-274. [PMID: 28105512 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effect of asbestos exposure on global DNA methylation and determine whether lung function and inflammatory and fibrosis biomarkers are correlated with the methylation state. METHODS A total of 26 healthy subjects without asbestos exposure (Group 1), 47 healthy subjects with exposure (Group 2), and 52 subjects with benign asbestos-related disorders (ARDs) (Group 3) participated in this cross-sectional study. Blood global 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and serum TNF-α, collagen IV, CCL5 and CC16 concentrations were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-like assays. Spirometric maneuvers were performed to assess lung function. RESULTS Decreased 5mC levels were observed in Groups 2 and 3 compared to Group 1, irrespective of lung function (p < 0.01). There was no significant change in 5mC between Groups 2 and 3. Overall, 5mC was negatively correlated with CCL5 and collagen IV (p < 0.05), but no significant inverse relationship was found between 5mC and CCL5 or collagen IV in each group. Additionally, both 5mC and CC16 were inversely associated with FEV1/FVC% (p = 0.001, adjusted R 2 = 0.145) for non-smokers, and consistently significant inverse relationships were found between CC16 and FEV1/FVC%, independent of asbestos exposure. CONCLUSIONS Asbestos exposure causes global DNA hypomethylation. DNA hypomethylation has no influence on serum biomarkers and lung function in asbestos-exposed population with or without pleural and pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities.
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Falco M, Palma G, Rea D, De Biase D, Scala S, D'Aiuto M, Facchini G, Perdonà S, Barbieri A, Arra C. Tumour biomarkers: homeostasis as a novel prognostic indicator. Open Biol 2016; 6:160254. [PMID: 27927793 PMCID: PMC5204124 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'personalized medicine' refers to a medical procedure that consists in the grouping of patients based on their predicted individual response to therapy or risk of disease. In oncologic patients, a 'tailored' therapeutic approach may potentially improve their survival and well-being by not only reducing the tumour, but also enhancing therapeutic response and minimizing the adverse effects. Diagnostic tests are often used to select appropriate and optimal therapies that rely both on patient genome and other molecular/cellular analysis. Several studies have shown that lifestyle and environmental factors can influence the epigenome and that epigenetic events may be involved in carcinogenesis. Thus, in addition to traditional biomarkers, epigenetic factors are raising considerable interest, because they could potentially be used as an excellent tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the role of conventional cancer genetic biomarkers and their association with epigenomics. Furthermore, we will focus on the so-called 'homeostatic biomarkers' that result from the physiological response to cancer, emphasizing the concept that an altered 'new' homeostasis influence not only tumour environment, but also the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Falco
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Rea
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Molecular lmmunology and Immuneregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS Naples 'Fondazione G. Pascale', Naples, italy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D'Aiuto
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Breast Disease, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 'Fondazione Pascale', Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, , Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Department of Urology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Chaturvedi P, Tyagi SC. Epigenetic silencing of TIMP4 in heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:2089-2101. [PMID: 27396717 PMCID: PMC5082395 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease 4 (TIMP4) is endogenously one of the key modulators of matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9) and we have reported earlier that cardiac specific TIMP4 instigates contractility and helps in differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. Although studies show that the expression of TIMP4 goes down in heart failure but the mechanism is unknown. This study aims to determine the mechanism of silencing of TIMP4 in heart failure progression created by aorta-vena cava (AV) fistula. We hypothesize that there is epigenetic silencing of TIMP4 in heart failure. To validate this hypothesis, we created heart failure model by creating AV fistula in C57BL/6 mice and looked into the promoter methylation (methylation specific PCR, high resolution melting, methylation sensitive restriction enzyme and Na bisulphite treatment followed by sequencing), histone modification (ChIP assay) and microRNAs that regulate TIMP4 (mir122a) and MMP9 (mir29b and mir455-5p). The physiological parameters in terms of cardiac function after AV fistula were assessed by echocardiography. We observed that there are 7 CpG islands in the TIMP4 promoter which get methylated during the progression of heart failure which leads to its epigenetic silencing. In addition, the up-regulated levels of mir122a in part, contribute to regulation of TIMP4. Consequently, MMP9 gets up-regulated and leads to cardiac remodeling. This is a novel report to explain the epigenetic silencing of TIMP4 in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Olbromski M, Grzegrzolka J, Jankowska-Konsur A, Witkiewicz W, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. MicroRNAs modulate the expression of the SOX18 transcript in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2884-2892. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ciribilli Y, Singh P, Spanel R, Inga A, Borlak J. Decoding c-Myc networks of cell cycle and apoptosis regulated genes in a transgenic mouse model of papillary lung adenocarcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31569-92. [PMID: 26427040 PMCID: PMC4741625 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Myc gene codes for a basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factor protein and is reported to be frequently over-expressed in human cancers. Given that c-Myc plays an essential role in neoplastic transformation we wished to define its activity in lung cancer and therefore studied its targeted expression to respiratory epithelium in a transgenic mouse disease model. Using histological well-defined tumors, transcriptome analysis identified novel c-Myc responsive cell cycle and apoptosis genes that were validated as direct c-Myc targets using EMSA, Western blotting, gene reporter and ChIP assays.Through computational analyses c-Myc cooperating transcription factors emerged for repressed and up-regulated genes in cancer samples, namely Klf7, Gata3, Sox18, p53 and Elf5 and Cebpα, respectively. Conversely, at promoters of genes regulated in transgenic but non-carcinomatous lung tissue enriched binding sites for c-Myc, Hbp1, Hif1 were observed. Bioinformatic analysis of tumor transcriptomic data revealed regulatory gene networks and highlighted mortalin and moesin as master regulators while gene reporter and ChIP assays in the H1299 lung cancer cell line as well as cross-examination of published ChIP-sequence data of 7 human and 2 mouse cell lines provided strong evidence for the identified genes to be c-Myc targets. The clinical significance of findings was established by evaluating expression of orthologous proteins in human lung cancer. Taken collectively, a molecular circuit for c-Myc-dependent cellular transformation was identified and the network analysis broadened the perspective for molecularly targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yari Ciribilli
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Mattarello, Italy
| | - Prashant Singh
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Spanel
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, 41747 Viersen, Germany
| | - Alberto Inga
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Mattarello, Italy
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Ma Y, Bai Y, Mao H, Hong Q, Yang D, Zhang H, Liu F, Wu Z, Jin Q, Zhou H, Cao J, Zhao J, Zhong X, Mao H. A panel of promoter methylation markers for invasive and noninvasive early detection of NSCLC using a quantum dots-based FRET approach. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:641-648. [PMID: 27240011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leads to a significant proportion of cancer-related deaths, and early detection of NSCLC can significantly increase cancer survival rates. A promising approach has been studied to exploit DNA methylation, which is closely correlated to early cancer diagnosis. Herein, in order to realize the early detection of NSCLC, we utilized the developed quantum dots-based (QDs-based) fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanosensor technique to analyze the promoter methylation in early stage NSCLC tissue samples and noninvasive bronchial brushing specimens. Using this method, the methylation levels can be quantitatively determined by measuring the signal amplification during FRET. A panel of three tumor suppressor genes (PCDHGB6, HOXA9 and RASSF1A) was assessed in 50 paired early stage NSCLC and their adjacent nontumorous tissue (NT) samples, and 50 early stage NSCLC bronchial brushing and normal specimens. The combined detection was able to identify not only tissue samples but noninvasive bronchial brushing specimens from control cases with a high degree of sensitivity of 92% (AUC=0.977, P<0.001) and 80% (AUC=0.907, P<0.001) respectively, indicating the versatility of promoter expression in invasive and noninvasive NSCLC samples. Therefore this approach can be used to sensitively analyze the methylation levels of cancer-related genes, which might be a potential tool for noninvasive early clinical diagnosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China; Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hailei Mao
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qunying Hong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Honglian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Medicine/Cancer Prevention, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hongju Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, China.
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Feng H, Zhang Z, Wang X, Liu D. Identification of DLC-1 expression and methylation status in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 4:249-254. [PMID: 26893870 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to determine whether the deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1) gene is deregulated in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and to assess the contribution of molecular alterations in DLC-1 to lung carcinogenesis, a total of 84 tissue specimens (30 NSCLC and 30 corresponding adjacent normal tissues; 5 benign tumor and 5 corresponding adjacent normal tissues; and 10 pulmonary bullae and 4 corresponding adjacent normal tissues), were obtained from 45 patients who underwent curative surgical resection. DLC-1 mRNA expression was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its protein level was assessed by western blot analysis. A significant downregulation of DCL-1 at the mRNA and protein levels was observed in NSCLC tissues when compared to benign lung tumors and normal lung tissues (P<0.001). To further determine whether the decreased expression of DLC-1 at the mRNA and protein levels is associated with the methylation of its promoter, methylation-specific PCR was performed following extraction of genomic DNA from the samples. DLC-1 promoter methylation was identified in 7 of the 30 (23.3%) NSCLC tissue samples, but not in the corresponding adjacent normal tissues from NSCLC patients or in lung tissues from non-NSCLC patients. Our data indicated that DLC-1 hypermethylation may play a crucial role in lung carcinogenesis and may be a target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Deruo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Kong R, Yi F, Wen P, Liu J, Chen X, Ren J, Li X, Shang Y, Nie Y, Wu K, Fan D, Zhu L, Feng W, Wu JY. Myo9b is a key player in SLIT/ROBO-mediated lung tumor suppression. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4407-20. [PMID: 26529257 PMCID: PMC4665778 DOI: 10.1172/jci81673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the neuronal guidance molecule SLIT plays a role in tumor suppression, as SLIT-encoding genes are inactivated in several types of cancer, including lung cancer; however, it is not clear how SLIT functions in lung cancer. Here, our data show that SLIT inhibits cancer cell migration by activating RhoA and that myosin 9b (Myo9b) is a ROBO-interacting protein that suppresses RhoA activity in lung cancer cells. Structural analyses revealed that the RhoGAP domain of Myo9b contains a unique patch that specifically recognizes RhoA. We also determined that the ROBO intracellular domain interacts with the Myo9b RhoGAP domain and inhibits its activity; therefore, SLIT-dependent activation of RhoA is mediated by ROBO inhibition of Myo9b. In a murine model, compared with control lung cancer cells, SLIT-expressing cells had a decreased capacity for tumor formation and lung metastasis. Evaluation of human lung cancer and adjacent nontumor tissues revealed that Myo9b is upregulated in the cancer tissue. Moreover, elevated Myo9b expression was associated with lung cancer progression and poor prognosis. Together, our data identify Myo9b as a key player in lung cancer and as a ROBO-interacting protein in what is, to the best of our knowledge, a newly defined SLIT/ROBO/Myo9b/RhoA signaling pathway that restricts lung cancer progression and metastasis. Additionally, our work suggests that targeting the SLIT/ROBO/Myo9b/RhoA pathway has potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science and
| | - Fengshuang Yi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pushuai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science and
| | - Jianghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science and
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jinqi Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, and
| | - Yulong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science and
| | - Wei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jane Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science and
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tsaprouni LG, Yang TP, Bell J, Dick KJ, Kanoni S, Nisbet J, Viñuela A, Grundberg E, Nelson CP, Meduri E, Buil A, Cambien F, Hengstenberg C, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Goodall AH, Ouwehand WH, Dermitzakis E, Spector TD, Samani NJ, Deloukas P. Cigarette smoking reduces DNA methylation levels at multiple genomic loci but the effect is partially reversible upon cessation. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1382-96. [PMID: 25424692 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.969637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor in many diseases. Genome wide association studies have linked genes for nicotine dependence and smoking behavior to increased risk of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and malignant diseases. We conducted an epigenome wide association study in peripheral-blood DNA in 464 individuals (22 current smokers and 263 ex-smokers), using the Human Methylation 450 K array. Upon replication in an independent sample of 356 twins (41 current and 104 ex-smokers), we identified 30 probes in 15 distinct loci, all of which reached genome-wide significance in the combined analysis P < 5 × 10(-8). All but one probe (cg17024919) remained significant after adjusting for blood cell counts. We replicated all 9 known loci and found an independent signal at CPOX near GPR15. In addition, we found 6 new loci at PRSS23, AVPR1B, PSEN2, LINC00299, RPS6KA2, and KIAA0087. Most of the lead probes (13 out of 15) associated with cigarette smoking, overlapped regions of open chromatin (FAIRE and DNaseI hypersensitive sites) or/and H3K27Ac peaks (ENCODE data set), which mark regulatory elements. The effect of smoking on DNA methylation was partially reversible upon smoking cessation for longer than 3 months. We report the first statistically significant interaction between a SNP (rs2697768) and cigarette smoking on DNA methylation (cg03329539). We provide evidence that the metSNP for cg03329539 regulates expression of the CHRND gene located circa 95 Kb downstream of the methylation site. Our findings suggest the existence of dynamic, reversible site-specific methylation changes in response to cigarette smoking , which may contribute to the extended health risks associated with cigarette smoking.
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Key Words
- AHRR, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor
- ALPP, alkaline phosphatase, placental
- AVPR1B, arginine vasopressin
- CHRND
- CHRND, cholinergic nicotinic receptor
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CPOX
- CPOX, coproporphyrinogen oxidase
- DNA methylation
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- EWAS, epigenome wide association study
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GWAS, genome-wide association studies
- PRSS23, serine protease 23
- PSEN2, presenilin-2 gene
- RPS6KA2, ribosomal protein S6 kinase
- epigenome-wide screen
- gene network
- metQTL, methylation quantitative trait loci
- metQTLs
- rs2697768
- smoking
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Zhang C, Guo H, Li B, Sui C, Zhang Y, Xia X, Qin Y, Ye L, Xie F, Wang H, Yuan M, Yuan L, Ye J. Effects of Slit3 silencing on the invasive ability of lung carcinoma A549 cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:952-60. [PMID: 26045181 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Slit proteins function as chemorepellents in axon guidance and neuronal migration by binding to cognate Robo receptors. The Slit/Robo signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of tumor cell metastasis. However, whether the Slit/Robo signaling pathway exerts prometastatic or antimetastasis functions remains controversial. To date, most of the research on Slit/Robo has focused on Slit2, and the effects of Slit3 on metastasis remain largely unknown. Based on the Oncomine database, overall expression of Slit3 is low in tumor tissues compared to its level in normal tissues. The underlying mechanism for slit3 silencing in tumor tissues is likely related to hypermethylation of the slit3 promoter. However, lung carcinomas appear to be an exception. Several studies have reported that the frequency of Slit3 methylation in lung cancers is far lower than the frequency of Slit2. In the present study, high Slit3 expression at the mRNA level, yet not at the protein level, was detected in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. The function of Slit3 in tumor migration and invasion was examined by silencing of Slit3 expression in A549 cells. Silencing of Slit3 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin. The inhibitory effects of Slit3 on tumor migration and invasion are likely related to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Silencing of Slit3 in the A549 cells enhanced MMP2 and MMP9 expression. These results indicate that Slit3 is a potential tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhi Sui
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Xianyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Liying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Fu'an Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
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Langevin SM, Kratzke RA, Kelsey KT. Epigenetics of lung cancer. Transl Res 2015; 165:74-90. [PMID: 24686037 PMCID: PMC4162853 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA expression, have been reported widely in the literature to play a major role in the genesis of lung cancer. The goal of this review is to summarize the common epigenetic changes associated with lung cancer to give some clarity to its etiology, and to provide an overview of the potential translational applications of these changes, including applications for early detection, diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert A Kratzke
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI.
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37
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ABCB4 is frequently epigenetically silenced in human cancers and inhibits tumor growth. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6899. [PMID: 25367630 PMCID: PMC4219162 DOI: 10.1038/srep06899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing through promoter hypermethylation is an important hallmark for the inactivation of tumor-related genes in carcinogenesis. Here we identified the ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 4 (ABCB4) as a novel epigenetically silenced target gene. We investigated the epigenetic regulation of ABCB4 in 26 human lung, breast, skin, liver, head and neck cancer cells lines and in primary cancers by methylation and expression analysis. Hypermethylation of the ABCB4 CpG island promoter occurred in 16 out of 26 (62%) human cancer cell lines. Aberrant methylation of ABCB4 was also revealed in 39% of primary lung cancer and in 20% of head and neck cancer tissues. In 37% of primary lung cancer samples, ABCB4 expression was absent. For breast cancer a significant hypermethylation occurred in tumor tissues (41%) compared to matching normal samples (0%, p = 0.002). Silencing of ABCB4 was reversed by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and zebularine treatments leading to its reexpression in cancer cells. Overexpression of ABCB4 significantly suppressed colony formation and proliferation of lung cancer cells. Hypermethylation of Abcb4 occurred also in murine cancer, but was not found in normal tissues. Our findings suggest that ABCB4 is a frequently silenced gene in different cancers and it may act tumor suppressivly in lung cancer.
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38
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Haag T, Herkt CE, Walesch SK, Richter AM, Dammann RH. The apoptosis associated tyrosine kinase gene is frequently hypermethylated in human cancer and is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:365-74. [PMID: 25352953 PMCID: PMC4209602 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic gene inactivation through promoter hypermethylation is an important aberration involved in the silencing of tumor-associated genes in cancer. Here we identified the apoptosis associated tyrosine kinase (AATK) as an epigenetically downregulated tumor related gene. We analyzed the epigenetic regulation of AATK in several human cancer cell lines and normal tissues by methylation and expression analysis. Hypermethylation of AATK was also analyzed in 25 primary lung tumors, 30 breast cancers and 24 matching breast tissues. In normal tissues the AATK CpG island promoter was unmethylated and AATK was expressed. Hypermethylation of AATK occurred frequently in 13 out of 14 (93%) human cancer cell lines. Methylation was reversed by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment leading to re-expression of AATK in cancer cell lines. Aberrant methylation of AATK was also revealed in primary lung (40%) and breast (53%) cancers, but was found to be significantly less methylated in matching normal breast tissues (17%; p<0.01). In addition, we observed that AATK is epigenetically reactivated through the chromatin regulator CTCF. We further show that overexpression of Aatk significantly suppresses colony formation in cancer cell lines. Our findings suggest that the apoptosis associated tyrosine kinase is frequently inactivated in human cancers and acts as a tumor suppressive gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Haag
- Institute for Genetics; Justus-Liebig-University; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research; Giessen, Germany
| | - Christina E Herkt
- Institute for Genetics; Justus-Liebig-University; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research; Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara K Walesch
- Institute for Genetics; Justus-Liebig-University; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research; Giessen, Germany
| | - Antje M Richter
- Institute for Genetics; Justus-Liebig-University; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research; Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard H Dammann
- Institute for Genetics; Justus-Liebig-University; Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research; Giessen, Germany
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39
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Yin LG, Zou ZQ, Zhao HY, Zhang CL, Shen JG, Qi L, Qi M, Xue ZQ. Analysis of tissue-specific differentially methylated genes with differential gene expression in non-small cell lung cancers. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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JETHON ALEKSANDRA, PULA BARTOSZ, OLBROMSKI MATEUSZ, WERYNSKA BOZENA, MUSZCZYNSKA-BERNHARD BEATA, WITKIEWICZ WOJCIECH, DZIEGIEL PIOTR, PODHORSKA-OKOLOW MARZENA. Prognostic significance of SOX18 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:123-32. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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41
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Tsai HT, Hsieh MJ, Chiou HL, Lee HL, Hsin MC, Liou YS, Yang CC, Yang SF, Kuo WH. TIMP-3 -1296 T>C and TIMP-4 -55 T>C gene polymorphisms play a role in the susceptibility of hepatocellular carcinoma among women. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8999-9007. [PMID: 24903383 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate genetic impact of TIMP-3 -1296 T>C (rs9619311) and TIMP-4 -55 T>C (rs3755724) gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility and clinicopathological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 759 subjects, including 530 healthy controls and 229 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, were recruited in this study. Allelic discrimination of TIMP-3 -1296 T>C (rs9619311) and TIMP-4 -55 T>C (rs3755724) polymorphisms was assessed with the ABI StepOne™ Real-Time PCR System. Among women group, individuals with TC or CC alleles of TIMP-3 -1296 T>C gene polymorphism protected against HCC (AOR = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.12-0.97; p = 0.04) compared to individuals with TT alleles, after adjusting for other confounders. Also, women with TC alleles and with TC or CC alleles of TIMP-4 -55 T>C polymorphisms had a 2.52-fold risk (95%CI = 1.23-5.13; p = 0.01) and 2.47-fold risk (95%CI = 1.26-4.87; p = 0.008) of developing HCC compared to individuals with TT alleles, after adjusting for other confounders. There was no synergistic effect between gene polymorphism and environmental risk factors, including tobacco and alcohol consumptions and clinical statuses of HCC as well as serum expression of liver-related clinicopathological markers. In conclusion, gene polymorphisms of TIMP-3 -1296 T>C (rs9619311) and TIMP-4 -55 T>C (rs3755724) play a role in the susceptibility of HCC among Taiwan women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ting Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Kapitskaya KY, Azhikina TL, Ponomaryova AA, Cherdyntseva NV, Vlasov VV, Laktionov PP, Rykova EY. MIRA analysis of RARβ2 gene methylation in DNA circulating in the blood in lung cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:516-9. [PMID: 25110096 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of DNA epigenetic mutations in the blood circulating DNA is a prospective trend for creation of noninvasive methods for the diagnosis and treatment efficiency monitoring in cancer. The methylation status of target genes in circulating DNA was evaluated by methods based on preliminary bisulfite conversion of DNA. We used a different approach based on selection of hypermethylated sequences of circulating DNA by means of DNA-methyl-binding protein (methylated CpG island recovery assay, MIRA). Methylation was evaluated for RARβ2 tumor suppression gene in circulating DNA in lung cancer and a trend was detected to higher methylation of this gene in the patients in comparison with healthy donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yu Kapitskaya
- Institute of Organic Biochemistry, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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43
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Gao X, Jin W. The emerging role of tumor-suppressive microRNA-218 in targeting glioblastoma stemness. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:25-31. [PMID: 25042866 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is by far the most common and most aggressive malignant primary tumor in humans and has poor outcomes despite many advances in treatment using combinations of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recent studies demonstrate that GBM contains a subpopulation of cancer cells with stem cell characteristics, including self-renewal and multipotentiality, and that these cancer stem cells contribute to disease progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding regulatory RNA molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes, including stem cell maintenance. An accumulating body of evidence shows that miR-218 may act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting glioblastoma invasion, migration, proliferation and stemness through its different targets, indicating the great potential and relevance of miR-218 as a novel class of therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Causes and Consequences of Age-Related Changes in DNA Methylation: A Role for ROS? BIOLOGY 2014; 3:403-25. [PMID: 24945102 PMCID: PMC4085615 DOI: 10.3390/biology3020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide analysis of C-phosphate-G (CpG) sites has shown that the DNA methylome changes with increasing age, giving rise to genome-wide hypomethylation with site‑specific incidences of hypermethylation. This notion has received a lot of attention, as it potentially explains why aged organisms generally have a higher risk of age-related diseases. However, very little is known about the mechanisms that could cause the occurrence of these changes. Moreover, there does not appear to be a clear link between popular theories of aging and alterations in the methylome. Some of the most fruitful of these theories attribute an important role to reactive oxygen species, which seem to be responsible for an increase in oxidative damage to macromolecules, such as DNA, during the lifetime of an organism. In this review, the connection between changes in DNA methylation and these reactive oxygen species is discussed, as well as the effect of these changes on health. Deeper insights into the nature, causes and consequences of the aging methylome might provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of aging and eventually contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Zhang YW, Zheng Y, Wang JZ, LU XX, Wang Z, Chen LB, Guan XX, Tong JD. Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiling reveals candidate genes associated with cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Epigenetics 2014; 9:896-909. [PMID: 24699858 PMCID: PMC4065187 DOI: 10.4161/epi.28601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a critical role during the development of acquired chemoresistance. The aim of this study was to identify candidate DNA methylation drivers of cisplatin (DDP) resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The A549/DDP cell line was established by continuous exposure of A549 cells to increasing concentrations of DDP. Gene expression and methylation profiling were determined by high-throughput microarrays. Relationship of methylation status and DDP response was validated in primary tumor cell culture and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) samples. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and response to DDP were determined in vitro and in vivo. A total of 372 genes showed hypermethylation and downregulation in A549/DDP cells, and these genes were involved in most fundamental biological processes. Ten candidate genes (S100P, GDA, WISP2, LOXL1, TIMP4, ICAM1, CLMP, HSP8, GAS1, BMP2) were selected, and exhibited varying degrees of association with DDP resistance. Low dose combination of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) and trichostatin A (TSA) reversed drug resistance of A549/DDP cells in vitro and in vivo, along with demethylation and restoration of expression of candidate genes (GAS1, TIMP4, ICAM1 and WISP2). Forced expression of GAS1 in A549/DDP cells by gene transfection contributed to increased sensitivity to DDP, proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis enhancement, and in vivo growth retardation. Together, our study demonstrated that a panel of candidate genes downregulated by DNA methylation induced DDP resistance in NSCLC, and showed that epigenetic therapy resensitized cells to DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Oncology; Yangzhou No. 1 Hospital; The Second Clinical School of Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, PR China
- Department of Oncology; Affiliated Xuzhou Central Hospital; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Oncology; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jing-Zi Wang
- Department of Oncology; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xia LU
- Department of Oncology; Yangzhou No. 1 Hospital; The Second Clinical School of Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Oncology; Yangzhou No. 1 Hospital; The Second Clinical School of Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Long-Bang Chen
- Department of Oncology; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Guan
- Department of Oncology; Jinling Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jian-Dong Tong
- Department of Oncology; Yangzhou No. 1 Hospital; The Second Clinical School of Yangzhou University; Yangzhou, PR China
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Liu WJ, Tan XH, Guo BP, Ke Q, Sun J, Cen H. Associations between RASSF1A promoter methylation and NSCLC: a meta-analysis of published data. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3719-24. [PMID: 23886171 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.6.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RASSF1A has been reported to be a candidate tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the association between RASSF1A promoter methylation and NSCLC remains unclear, particularly in regarding links to clinicopathologic features. METHODS Eligible studies were identified through searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Studies were pooled and odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Funnel plots were also performed to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS Nineteen studies involving 2,063 cases of NSCLC and 1,184 controls were included in this meta-analysis. A significant association was observed between RASSF1A methylation and NSCLC in the complete data set (OR = 19.42, 95% CI: 14.04- 26.85, P < 0.001). Pooling the control tissue subgroups (heterogeneous/autologous) gave pooled ORs of 32.4 (95% CI, 12.4-84.5) and 17.7 (95% CI, 12.5-25.0) respectively. Racial subgroup (Caucasian/Asian) analysis gave pooled ORs of 26.6 (95% CI, 10.9-64.9) and 20.9 (95% CI, 14.4-30.4) respectively. The OR for RASSF1A methylation in poorly-differentiated vs. moderately/well-differentiated NSCLC tissues was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.32- 2.68, P<0.001), whereas there were no significant differences in RASSF1A methylation in relation to gender, pathology, TNM stage and smoking behavior among NSCLC cases. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests a significant association between RASSF1A methylation and NSCLC, confirming the role of RASSF1A as a tumor suppressor gene. Large-scale and well-designed case-control studies are needed to validate the associations identified in the present meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Liu
- Department of Chemotherapy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Liloglou T, Bediaga NG, Brown BR, Field JK, Davies MP. Epigenetic biomarkers in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 342:200-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Genomewide DNA methylation analysis identifies novel methylated genes in non-small-cell lung carcinomas. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8:562-73. [PMID: 23524404 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3182863ed2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation is part of the epigenetic regulatory mechanism present in all normal cells. It is tissue-specific and stably maintained throughout development, but often abnormally changed in cancer. Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most deadly type of cancer, involving different tumor subtypes. This heterogeneity is a challenge for correct diagnosis and patient treatment. The stability and specificity make of DNA methylation a very suitable marker for epigenetic phenotyping of tumors. METHODS To identify candidate markers for use in NSCLC diagnosis, we used genomewide DNA methylation maps that we had previously generated by MethylCap and next-generation sequencing and listed the most significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs). The 25 DMRs with highest significance in their methylation scores were selected. The methylation status of these DMRs was investigated in 61 tumors and matching control lung tissues by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found 12 novel DMRs that showed significant differences between tumor and control lung tissues. We also identified three novel DMRs for each of the two most common NSCLC subtypes, adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. We propose a panel of five DMRs, composed of novel and known markers that exhibit high specificity and sensitivity to distinguish tumors from control lung tissues. CONCLUSION Novel markers will aid the development of a highly specific epigenetic panel for accurate identification and subtyping of NSCLC tumors.
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Pula B, Olbromski M, Wojnar A, Gomulkiewicz A, Witkiewicz W, Ugorski M, Dziegiel P, Podhorska-Okolow M. Impact of SOX18 expression in cancer cells and vessels on the outcome of invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2013; 36:469-83. [PMID: 24065215 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-013-0151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE SOX18 is a transcription factor known to be involved in hair follicle, blood and lymphatic vessel development, as well as wound healing processes (together with SOX7 and SOX17). In addition, it has been reported that SOX18 may affect the growth of cancer cells in vitro. Until now, the exact role of SOX18 expression in invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) has remained unknown. METHODS In this study, we have investigated SOX18 expression in cancer cells and endothelial cells in 122 IDC samples using immunohistochemistry (IHC). SOX18 expression was also determined using real-time PCR and Western blotting in a series of breast cancer-derived cell lines (i.e., MCF-7, BT-474, SK-BR-3, MDA-MB-231, BO2). RESULTS Using IHC, we observed SOX18 nuclear expression in cancer cells, as well as in blood and lymphatic vessels of the IDC samples tested. SOX18 expression in the IDC samples correlated with a higher malignancy grade (Grade 2 and Grade 3 versus Grade 1; p = 0.02 and p = 0.009, respectively) and VEGF-D expression (r = 0.27, p = 0.007). SOX18 expression was also associated with HER2 positivity (p = 0.02). A significantly higher SOX18 expression was found in the HER2-positive cell line BT-474, and a significantly lower expression in the triple negative cell lines MDA-MB-231 and BO2. Laser capture microdissection of IDC samples revealed significantly higher mRNA SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18 expression levels in the vessels as compared to the cancer cells (p = 0.02 and p = 0.0002, p < 0.0001, respectively). SOX18 positive intratumoral and peritumoral microvessel counts (MVC) were associated with higher malignancy grades (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). Moreover, peritumoral SOX18 positive MVC were found to act as an independent marker for a poor prognosis (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION SOX18 expression may serve as a marker for a poor prognosis in IDC.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Vessels/metabolism
- MCF-7 Cells
- Microvessels/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Grading
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- SOXF Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- SOXF Transcription Factors/blood
- SOXF Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXF Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Pula
- Regional Specialist Hospital, Research and Development Center, Wroclaw, Poland
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Momparler RL. Epigenetic therapy of non-small cell lung cancer using decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine). Front Oncol 2013; 3:188. [PMID: 23908969 PMCID: PMC3725836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic analysis shows that many genes that suppress malignancy are silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in lung cancer. Many of these genes are interesting targets for reactivation by the inhibitor of DNA methylation, decitabine (5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, DAC). A pilot study on intense dose DAC showed promising results in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, subsequent clinical studies using low dose DAC were not very effective against NSCLC and interest in this therapy diminished. Recently, interesting responses were observed in a patient with NSCLC following treatment with a combination of the related inhibitor of DNA methylation, 5-azacytidine, and an inhibitor of histone deacetylation. This finding has generated a renewed interest in the epigenetic therapy of lung cancer. Preclinical studies indicate that DAC has remarkable chemotherapeutic potential for tumor therapy. This epigenetic agent has a delayed and prolonged epigenetic action on tumor cells. This delayed action should be taken into consideration in the design and evaluation of clinical studies on DAC. Future research should be directed at finding the optimal dose-schedule of de DAC for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Momparler
- Département de Pharmacologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada
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