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Kozyra P, Adamczuk G, Karczmarzyk Z, Matysiak J, Podkościelna B, Humeniuk E, Wysocki W, Korga-Plewko A, Senczyna B, Pitucha M. Novel phenoxyacetylthiosemicarbazide derivatives as novel ligands in cancer diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 475:116634. [PMID: 37482255 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies report an increased risk of developing prostate cancer in patients with melanoma and an increased risk of developing melanoma in patients with prostate cancer. Based on our previous studies demonstrating the high anticancer activity of thiosemicarbazides with a phenoxy moiety, we designed nineteen phenoxyacetylthiosemicarbazide derivatives and four of them acting as potential dual-ligands for both cancers. All of the compounds were characterized by their melting points and 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectra. For selected compounds, X-ray investigations were carried out to confirm the synthesis pathway, identify the tautomeric form and intra- and intermolecular interaction in the crystalline state. The conformational preferences and electronic structure of molecules were investigated by theoretical calculation method. Lipophilicity of compounds (log kw) was determined using isocratic reversed phase/high pressure liquid chromatography RP-18. For the obtained compounds, in vitro tests were carried out on four melanoma cell lines (A375, G-361, SK-MEL2, SK-MEL28), four prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP, VcaP) and a normal human fibroblast cell line (BJ). The most active compounds turned out to be F6. Cell cycle analysis, apoptosis detection, CellROX staining and mitochondrial membrane potential analysis were performed for the most sensitive cancer cells treated with most active compounds. DSC analysis was additionally performed for selected compounds to determine their purity, compatibility, and thermal stability. The process of prooxidation was proposed as a potential mechanism of anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kozyra
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Karczmarzyk
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Joanna Matysiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, PL-20950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Podkościelna
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Gliniana 33, PL 20-400 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Humeniuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wysocki
- Faculty of Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, PL-08110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korga-Plewko
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Senczyna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, PL-20950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Pitucha
- Independent Radiopharmacy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
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Wittlich M, Westerhausen S, Strehl B, Versteeg H, Stöppelmann W. The GENESIS-UV study on ultraviolet radiation exposure levels in 250 occupations to foster epidemiological and legislative efforts to combat nonmelanoma skin cancer. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:350-360. [PMID: 36635210 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several hundred million of the 3 billion formally employed people worldwide are at risk from high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Chronic light damage to the skin can lead to nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), especially when irradiation is too high and is acquired for decades. However, data with uniform metrics, high resolution over time and in-depth occupational profiles are not available. OBJECTIVES To build a worldwide usable matrix of UVR exposure in occupations and to show use cases for the data. METHODS One thousand test persons were recruited to wear electronic data logger dosimeters during their working time for 7 months each. The measurements yielded 3.7 billion data points for around 48 000 days with high-quality data capture covering more than 250 occupations and 650 activities. Scientific evaluation of the data included daily and half-hourly means, geographical transfer calculations to the world, threshold exceedance quotas, transcriptome effects, and occupational disease estimates. RESULTS A compendium for global use is presented. In-depth analyses and the resulting implications for research have been elaborated to directly link exposure data to effects in the human body. Interestingly, the annual irradiances of the different occupations span a wide range of values: from about 650 to 50 standard erythemal doses, with different distributions over the months. Detailed exposure data per occupation were derived, and the risk on an occupational or activity basis assuming different exposure level quotas was quantified. This showed that, for example, in temperate latitudes, all activities with a duration of > 2 h outdoors are associated with increased NMSC risk. CONCLUSIONS We offer our work to enable sound studies on the nature of ultraviolet-induced skin cancer, dose-response relationships, intermittency of skin exposure, and derivation of limit values. Sociological studies on prevention are now possible. Practitioners may use the findings for their daily work with employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Wittlich
- Department 'Accident Prevention: Digitalisation - Technologies'
| | | | - Benjamin Strehl
- Department 'Accident Prevention: Digitalisation - Technologies'
| | - Helmut Versteeg
- Department 'Exposure and Risk Assessment', Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Alte Heerstraße 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Wiho Stöppelmann
- Department 'Exposure and Risk Assessment', Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, Alte Heerstraße 111, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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Reyes C, León-Muñoz LM, Pistillo A, Jóhannesdóttir Schmidt SA, Kristensen KB, Puente D, LLorente-García A, Huerta-Álvarez C, Pottegård A, Duarte-Salles T. Flecainide and risk of skin neoplasms: Results of a large nested case-control study in Spain and Denmark. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1002451. [PMID: 36618916 PMCID: PMC9822716 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A previous study in Denmark suggested an increased melanoma risk associated with the use of flecainide. Objective: To study the association between flecainide use and the risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in Spain and Denmark. Methods: We conducted a multi-database case-control study in (database/study period) Spain (SIDIAP/2005-2017 and BIFAP/2007-2017) and Denmark (Danish registries/2001-2018). We included incident cases of melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) aged ≥18 with ≥2 years of previous data (≥10 years for Denmark) before the skin cancer and matched them to controls (10:1 by age and sex). We excluded persons with immunosuppression or previous cancer. We defined ever-use as any prescription fill and high-use as a cumulative dose of at least 200 g (reference: never-use). We categorized a cumulative dose for a dose-response assessment. We used conditional logistic regression to compute ORs (95% CI) adjusted for photosensitizing, anti-neoplastic, disease-specific drugs and comorbidities. Results: The total numbers of melanoma/NMSC cases included were 7,809/64,230 in SIDIAP, 4,661/31,063 in BIFAP, and 27,978/152,821 in Denmark. In Denmark, high-use of flecainide was associated with increased adjusted ORs of skin cancer compared with never-use [melanoma: OR 1.97 (1.38-2.81); NMSC: OR 1.34 (1.15-1.56)]. In Spain, an association between high-use of flecainide and NMSC was also observed [BIFAP: OR 1.42 (1.04-1.93); SIDIAP: OR 1.19 (0.95-1.48)]. There was a non-significant dose-response pattern for melanoma in Denmark and no apparent dose-response pattern for NMSC in any of the three databases. We found similar results for ever-use of flecainide. Conclusion: Flecainide use was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (Denmark only) and NMSC (Denmark and Spain) but without substantial evidence of dose-response patterns. Further studies are needed to assess for possible unmeasured confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlen Reyes
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luz M León-Muñoz
- Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs, Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Pistillo
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sigrún Alba Jóhannesdóttir Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Bruun Kristensen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Diana Puente
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana LLorente-García
- Pharmacoepiemiology and Pharmacovigilance Division, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Clinical Devices-AEMPS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Huerta-Álvarez
- Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine. Complutense University of Madrid-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
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KURU H, JOKELAINEN J, TASANEN K, HUILAJA L. Risk of Non-cutaneous Cancers in Individuals with Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Population-based Cohort Study. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00826. [PMID: 36448850 PMCID: PMC9811299 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the association between a personal history of basal cell carcinoma and the risk of non-cutaneous malignancies is conflicting. The aim of this study was to retrospectively clarify the risk of non-cutaneous cancers in individuals with basal cell carcinoma using nationwide Finnish registry data for 96,304 patients and 394,503 randomly selected population controls. In this study, individuals with basal cell carcinoma have an increased risk of other cancers (odds ratio (OR) 1.38; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.36-1.40). The risk was most prominent for lip cancer (OR 5.29; 95% CI 4.50-6.21), mycosis fungoides (OR 3.13; 95% CI 2.31-4.23) and soft tissue cancers (OR 2.77; 95% CI 2.43-3.16). In age-adjusted model, men had higher risk of cancers overall compared with women (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the study found increased overall cancer risk among patients with basal cell carcinoma compared with randomly selected population controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna KURU
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Oulu,Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu
| | - Jari JOKELAINEN
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu,Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisa TASANEN
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Oulu,Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu
| | - Laura HUILAJA
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Oulu,Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Group, University of Oulu
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Yoon JG, Kim HB. Association between sunlight exposure and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:1015-1021. [PMID: 33969413 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of prostate cancer (PC) is increasing worldwide. An association between sunlight exposure and PC risk has been described by a previously published meta-analysis, although the level of statistical significance was not reached. We have, therefore, performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to further elucidate this potential connection. METHODS To identify relevant articles, we conducted an in-depth search of 4 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science and Scopus) for manuscripts published prior to March 2021. A random-effects model was used to compute a meta-estimate of the effects of sunlight exposure on risk of PC. RESULTS Of the 5680 articles that were initially identified in our search, 12 observational epidemiological studies encompassing 29 282 cases of PC were selected for inclusion in the qualitative systematic review. Of these, two case-control studies were excluded from the meta-analysis. Comparing highest-to-lowest exposure, personal sunlight exposure was significantly associated with a decreased risk of PC [odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57-0.78] in a random-effects meta-analysis; however, high heterogeneity was present (I2 = 85.9%). Comparing moderate-to-lowest exposure, there was a non-significant relationship between personal sunlight exposure and the risk of PC (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.68-1.10; I2 = 74.0%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that exposure to sunlight may protect against PC. The limitations of our research are occurrence of publication bias and a substantial heterogeneity due to a diversity of criteria for measuring sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Gyum Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Bae Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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Whittemore PB. COVID-19 fatalities, latitude, sunlight, and vitamin D. Am J Infect Control 2020; 48:1042-1044. [PMID: 32599103 PMCID: PMC7319635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Since Vitamin D is known to be vital in regulating the immune system, and sunlight UV radiation exposure on the skin produces Vitamin D and UV intensity is highest nearest the equator, a study was done to examine the correlation between the latitude and COVID-19 fatality rates for countries. Methods Eighty-eight countries were selected based on their likelihood of providing reliable data. Using death rates/million for each country from the “worldometer” website, a correlation analysis was done between death rates and a country's latitude. Results A highly significant, positive correlation was found between lower death rates and a country's proximity to the equator (Pearson r = 0.40 P < .0001, 2-tailed t test). The R squared of 0.16 means that 16% of the variation in death rates among nations is accounted for by the latitude of the country. Evidence is presented suggesting a direct correlation between sunlight exposure and reduced mortality. Discussion This study is the first to document a statistically significant correlation between a country's latitude and its COVID-19 mortality and is consistent with other research regarding latitude, Vitamin D deficiency, and COVID-19 fatalities. Limitations of this study are noted. Conclusions Further research is needed to confirm the correlation between latitude and COVID-19 fatalities, and to determine the optimum amounts of safe sunlight exposure and/or vitamin D oral supplementation to reduce COVID-19 fatalities in populations that are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency.
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Acharya P, Mathur M. Prostate cancer risk in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3604-3612. [PMID: 32175697 PMCID: PMC7221441 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Acharya
- Department of Dermatology College of Medical Sciences Bharatpur Nepal
| | - Mahesh Mathur
- Department of Dermatology College of Medical Sciences Bharatpur Nepal
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Hosseini MS, Salarvand F, Ehsani AH, Noormohammadpour P, Azizzadeh S, Mousavi M, Morsali M. Relationship Between Level of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Iranian Population. Dermatol Pract Concept 2019; 9:278-282. [PMID: 31723461 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0904a06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between vitamin D and skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is not well defined. Objective To investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and the incidence of skin SCC for the first time in Iran. Methods and Study Design In this case-control study, 126 subjects were enrolled (63 in each group) out of referents to Razi Skin Hospital in Tehran in 2014. The risk factors for cancer gathered by self-reported questionnaires and blood samples were obtained to measure the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Multivariate logistic regression was used to neutralize the effect of confounding factors. Results Cases of SCC were more likely to be in men, older than 49 years and working in an outdoor environment, and with longtime exposure to sunlight and a personal history of skin cancers. Family history of skin cancer and of cigarette smoking were not significantly related to SCC. In the SCC and control groups, 69.8% and 31.7%, respectively, had sufficient levels of vitamin D (P < 0.001). Mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was 40.99 ng/mL in the SCC group and 26.34 ng/mL in the control group (P < 0.05). In the unadjusted model, the level of vitamin D as a continuous variable was positively related to SCC risk. In the adjusted model, vitamin D did not independently predict the likelihood of SCC. Conclusion Vitamin D level and SCC risk are directly related, although not in an independent fashion. Indeed, this relation is severely confounded by exposure to sunlight, which was evidenced by an increased vitamin D level in the people working outside and the higher prevalence of SCC in the same population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh-Sadat Hosseini
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Salarvand
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Ehsani
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedram Noormohammadpour
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Azizzadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohaddese Mousavi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Morsali
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Patasius A, Urbonas V, Smailyte G. Skin Melanoma and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Lithuanian Cancer Registry Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203915. [PMID: 31618913 PMCID: PMC6843351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data indicates that melanoma may be linked to prostate cancer. We evaluated if the incidence of melanoma was associated with subsequent risk of prostate cancer (PC). We extracted data from the Lithuanian cancer registry from 1993 to 2012. We calculated the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for PC as a ratio of observed number of cancer cases in people with previous melanoma diagnosis to the expected number of cancer cases in the underlying general population. Therein, 95% confidence intervals for the SIRs were estimated assuming the number of observed cancer cases follows the Poisson distribution. Overall, 65 PCs were observed versus 52.5 expected (SIR 1.24; 95% CI: 0.97–1.58) within a period of 24 years. A significantly increased risk of PC was found in patients with melanoma diagnosis over 70 years (SIR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.11–2.39) and in two periods of diagnosis (SIRs 1.76 and 1.62 in 1993–1997 and 2009–2012, respectively). A significantly increased risk was also found five to nine years after melanoma diagnosis (SIR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.05–2.38). Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between melanoma and subsequent risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausvydas Patasius
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences of the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University, M.K. Ciurlionio 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vincas Urbonas
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Smailyte
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Santariskiu 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences of the Faculty of Medicine of Vilnius University, M.K. Ciurlionio 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Dikci S, Öztürk E, Fırat PG, Yılmaz T, Taşkapan MÇ, Yoloğlu S. The Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels with Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma/Syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:166-170. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181128105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether serum vitamin D levels have an effect on
pseudoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma/syndrome development and on the control of glaucoma in these
cases.
</P><P>
Method: A total of 31 cases with PEX glaucoma, 34 cases with the PEX syndrome and 43 control
subjects of similar age and sex were included in the study. Vitamin D levels were compared between
the groups and also between the cases where glaucoma surgery was performed or not.
Results:
PEX glaucoma group consisted of 17 males and 14 females, PEX syndrome group of 27
males and 7 females, and the control group of 27 males and 16 females. The mean age was 70.9±8.9
years, 72.1±7.3 years, and 67.9±9.1 years in PEX glaucoma, syndrome and control group, respectively.
Mean vitamin D levels were 9.4±7.7 ng/mL, 7.9±6,1 ng/mL, 11.5±14.2 ng/mL in PEX glaucoma, syndrome
and control group, respectively (p>0.05). The mean serum vitamin D level was 8.04±4.7 ng/mL
in those who underwent glaucoma surgery and 10.1±8.7 ng/mL in those who didn't undergo glaucoma
surgery in PEX glaucoma group (p>0.05). No difference was found between the PEX glaucoma subgroups
in terms of the mean deviation when classified according to vitamin D levels (<10 ng/mL, ≥10
ng/mL) (p>0.05).
Conclusion:
Although we found no statistically significant difference between the PEX syndrome/
glaucoma, and control group in terms of serum vitamin D levels, serum vitamin D levels were
lower in PEX syndrome and glaucoma group than control group. Our results indicate that serum vitamin
D levels have no effect on the development of PEX glaucoma/syndrome or the control of the disorder
in cases with PEX glaucoma. However, these results need to be supported with further studies on
a larger number of patients and with longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhan Dikci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Emrah Öztürk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Penpe G. Fırat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Turgut Yılmaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ç. Taşkapan
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Saim Yoloğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey
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Cole-Clark D, Nair-Shalliker V, Bang A, Rasiah K, Chalasani V, Smith DP. An initial melanoma diagnosis may increase the subsequent risk of prostate cancer: Results from the New South Wales Cancer Registry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7167. [PMID: 29740153 PMCID: PMC5940665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM) may be associated with prostate cancer (PC) incidence. We examined if the incidence of CM was associated with an increased subsequent risk of PC. We used data from the New South Wales Cancer Registry for all CM and PC cases diagnosed between January 1972 and December 2008. We calculated the age standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for PC incidence following a CM diagnosis, applying age- and calendar- specific rates to the appropriate person years at risk. We determined rate ratio (RR) and 95% CI of PC incidence according to specified socio-demographic categories and disease related characteristics, using a negative binomial model. There were 143,594 men diagnosed with PC or CM in the study period and of these 101,198 and 42,396 were diagnosed with PC and CM, respectively, as first primary cancers. Risk of PC incidence increased following CM diagnosis (n = 2,114; SIR = 1.25; 95% CI:1.20.8-1.31: p < 0.0001), with the increased risk apparent in men diagnosed with localised CM (n = 1,862;SIR = 1.26; 95% CI:1.20-1.32). CM diagnosis increased the subsequent risk of PC incidence. This raises the potential for future PC risk to be discussed with newly diagnosed males with CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cole-Clark
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Nair-Shalliker
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - A Bang
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K Rasiah
- Northern Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & Kinghorn Cancer Centre, New South Wales, Australia
| | - V Chalasani
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & Kinghorn Cancer Centre, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate (ANZUP) Cancer Trials Group, Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D P Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Du C, Yang S, Zhao X, Dong H. Pathogenic roles of alterations in vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in gastric tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29474-29486. [PMID: 28206978 PMCID: PMC5438745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, especially in Japan, Korea and China, and the 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer is less than 30%. Thus, it is important to shed more lights on novel agents to prevent gastric cancer or to improve survival rate of the patients. Vitamin D not only maintains calcium and bone homeostasis, but also mostly inhibits tumor genesis, invasion, and metastasis through activation of vitamin D receptor. Although epidemiological results are not consistent, accumulating evidence from gastric cancer cells, animal models, and clinical trials suggest that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk and mortality of gastric cancer, but vitamin D supplement might be a safe and economical way to prevent or treat gastric cancer. Here, we reviewed the current studies on vitamin D and its receptor and focused on the pathogenic roles of their alterations in gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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Nair-Shalliker V, Egger S, Chrzanowska A, Mason R, Waite L, Le Couteur D, Seibel MJ, Handelsman DJ, Cumming R, Smith DP, Armstrong BK. Associations between sun sensitive pigmentary genes and serum prostate specific antigen levels. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518100 PMCID: PMC5843239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma and prostate cancer may share risk factors. This study examined the association between serum PSA levels, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer, and variants in some melanoma-associated pigmentary genes. Methods We studied participants, all aged 70+ years, in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project who had no history of prostatitis or received treatment for prostate disease (n = 1033). We genotyped variants in MC1R (rs1805007, rs1805008), ASIP (rs4911414, rs1015362), SLC45A2 (rs28777, rs16891982), IRF4 (rs12203592), TYRP1 (rs1408799), TYR (rs1126809, rs1042602), SLC24A2 (rs12896399), and OCA2 (rs7495174). Generalised linear dominant models with Poisson distribution, log link functions and robust variance estimators estimated adjusted percentage differences (%PSA) in mean serum PSA levels (ng/mL) between variant and wildtype (0%PSA = reference) genotypes, adjusting for age, body mass index, serum 25OHD levels and birth regions (Australia or New Zealand (ANZ), Europe or elsewhere). Results Serum PSA levels were strongly associated with advancing age and birth regions: mean PSA levels were lower in Europe-born (-29.7%) and elsewhere-born (-11.7%) men than ANZ-born men (reference). Lower %PSA was observed in men with variants in SLC45A2: rs28777 (-19.6;95%CI: -33.5, -2.7), rs16891982 (-17.3;95%CI:-30.4,-1.7) than in wildtype men (reference). There were significant interactions between birth regions and PSA levels in men with variants in MC1R (rs1805007; p-interaction = 0.0001) and ASIP (rs4911414; p-interaction = 0.007). For these genes %PSA was greater in ANZ-born men and lower in Europe- and elsewhere-born men with the variant than it was in wildtype men. In a post hoc analysis, serum testosterone levels were increased in men with MC1R rs1805007 and serum dihydrotestosterone in men with ASIP rs1015362. Conclusion Men with SNPs in SLC45A2, who have less sun sensitive skin, have lower PSA levels. Men with SNPs in MC1R and ASIP, who have more sun sensitive skin, and were born in ANZ, have higher PSA levels. Androgens may modify these apparent associations of pigmentary genes and sun exposure with PSA levels. Impact PSA levels and possibly prostate cancer risk may vary with sun sensitivity and sun exposure, the effects of which might be modified by androgen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visalini Nair-Shalliker
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sam Egger
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Agata Chrzanowska
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Mason
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus J. Seibel
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J. Handelsman
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Cumming
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David P. Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce K. Armstrong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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14
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Krilaviciute A, Vincerzevskiene I, Smailyte G. Basal cell skin cancer and the risk of second primary cancers: a cancer registry-based study in Lithuania. Ann Epidemiol 2016; 26:511-514. [PMID: 27262816 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this population-based cohort study was to determine the risk of second primary cancer in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) patients in Lithuania. METHODS This analysis was based on patients diagnosed with BCC in Lithuania between 1998 and 2007 and followed until 2011. Standardized incidence ratios for subsequent cancers as a ratio of observed number of cancer cases in people with previous BCC diagnosis to the expected number of cancer cases in the underlying general population were calculated. RESULTS After diagnosis of BCC, 1442 new cases of selected cancers were diagnosed. Compared with the general population, the incidence of all new primaries combined after BCC was very close to expected. Statistically meaningful increase in developing subsequent cancer was obtained for Hodgkin's lymphoma, prostate cancer, and leukemia in men, and for cancers of the lip, lung, and breast in women. Risk of melanoma and thyroid cancer was significantly elevated in both sexes. Relative risk of cancer of the eye was increased although not significant. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found increased cancer risk for cancers related to sun exposure. In addition, increased risks were identified for Hodgkin's lymphoma, thyroid cancer, leukemia, prostate, and breast cancer in BCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Krilaviciute
- Lithuanian Cancer Registry, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Giedre Smailyte
- Lithuanian Cancer Registry, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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15
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Rowell D, Gordon LG, Olsen CM, Whiteman DC. A comparison of the direct medical costs for individuals with or without basal or squamous cell skin cancer: A study from Australia. SAGE Open Med 2016; 4:2050312116646030. [PMID: 27231550 PMCID: PMC4871202 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116646030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The composition of the medical costs incurred by people treated for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas (hereafter keratinocyte cancers) is not adequately understood. We sought to compare the medical costs of individuals with or without keratinocyte cancers. Methods: We used national health insurance data to analyze the direct medical costs of 2000 cases and 2000 controls nested within the QSkin prospective cohort study (n = 43,794) conducted in Australia. We reconstructed the medical history of patients using medical and pharmaceutical item codes and then compared the health service costs of individuals treated for keratinocyte cancers with those not treated for keratinocyte cancers. Results: Individuals treated for keratinocyte cancers consumed on average AUD$1320 per annum more in medical services than those without keratinocyte cancers. Only 23.2% of costs were attributed to the explicit treatment of keratinocyte cancers. The principal drivers of the residual costs were medical attendances, surgical procedures on the skin, and histopathology services. We found significant positive associations between history of treatment for keratinocyte cancers with treatments for other health conditions, including melanoma, cardiovascular disease, lipidemia, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and tuberculosis. Conclusion: Individuals treated for keratinocyte cancers have substantially higher medical costs overall than individuals without keratinocyte cancers. The direct costs of skin cancer excision account for only one-fifth of this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rowell
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Asia-Pacific Centre for Neuromodulation, St Andrews War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Louisa G Gordon
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Population Health Department, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Population Health Department, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Eisemann N, Jansen L, Castro F, Chen T, Eberle A, Nennecke A, Zeissig S, Brenner H, Katalinic A. Survival with nonmelanoma skin cancer in Germany. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:778-85. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Eisemann
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology; University of Lübeck; Ratzeburger Allee 160 23562 Lübeck Germany
| | - L. Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - F.A. Castro
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - T. Chen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology (C050); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Eberle
- Cancer Registry of Bremen; Achterstraße 30 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - A. Nennecke
- Cancer Registry of Hamburg; Billstraße 80 20539 Hamburg Germany
| | - S.R. Zeissig
- Cancer Registry of Rhineland-Palatinate; Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - H. Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT); INF 460 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Katalinic
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology; University of Lübeck; Ratzeburger Allee 160 23562 Lübeck Germany
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology; University of Lübeck; Ratzeburger Allee 160 23562 Lübeck Germany
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17
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Caini S, Radice D, Tosti G, Spadola G, Cocorocchio E, Ferrucci PF, Testori A, Pennacchioli E, Fargnoli MC, Palli D, Bazolli B, Botteri E, Gandini S. Risk of second primary malignancies among 1537 melanoma patients and risk of second primary melanoma among 52 354 cancer patients in Northern Italy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:1491-6. [PMID: 26990937 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of melanoma survivors has been increasing for decades due to early diagnosis and improved survival. These patients have an increased risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC); also, melanoma is frequently diagnosed among patients firstly diagnosed with an extracutaneous malignancy. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the risk of developing a SPC among 1537 melanoma patients, and the risk of second primary melanoma (SPM) in 52 354 extracutaneous cancer patients, who were treated at the European Institute of Oncology in Milan, Italy, during 2000-2010. MATERIAL AND METHODS We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) by applying gender-, age-, year- and region-specific reference rates to the follow-up time accrued between the diagnosis of the first and the second primary malignancies. RESULTS Seventy-six SPC were diagnosed during a median follow-up of 4 years, of which 49 (64%) during the first 2 years upon melanoma diagnosis. The SIR was increased for cancer of breast (4.10, 95% CI 2.79-6.03), thyroid (4.67, 95% CI 1.94-11.22), brain (6.13, 95% CI 2.30-16.33) and for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (3.12, 95% CI 1.30-7.50). During a median follow-up of 4 years, 127 SPM were diagnosed: thick lesions were less frequent than for melanoma diagnosed as first cancer. The SIR was increased for cancer of breast (5.13, 95%CI 3.91-6.73), thyroid (16.2, 95%CI: 5.22-50.2), head and neck (5.62, 95%CI 1.41-22.50), soft tissue (8.68, 95%CI 2.17-34.70), cervix (12.5, 95% CI 3.14-50.20), kidney (3.19, 95%CI 1.52-6.68), prostate (4.36, 95%CI 2.63-7.24) and acute myeloid leukaemia (6.44, 95%CI 2.42-17.20). CONCLUSIONS The most likely causes of these associations are the clustering of lifestyle risk factors in the same subgroups of population, mainly on a sociocultural basis and surveillance bias. This raises important questions about how to best follow cancer survivors by avoiding an inefficient use of resources and an excessive medicalization of these patients' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Caini
- Unit of Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention, Florence, Italy
| | - D Radice
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - G Tosti
- Division of Dermatoncological Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - G Spadola
- Division of Dermatoncological Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - E Cocorocchio
- Medical Oncology of Melanoma Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - P F Ferrucci
- Medical Oncology of Melanoma Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - A Testori
- Division of Dermatoncological Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - E Pennacchioli
- Division of Melanoma and Muscle-Cutaneous Sarcomas, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M C Fargnoli
- Department of Dermatology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Palli
- Unit of Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention, Florence, Italy
| | - B Bazolli
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - E Botteri
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - S Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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18
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Small J, Barton V, Peterson B, Alberg AJ. Keratinocyte Carcinoma as a Marker of a High Cancer-Risk Phenotype. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 130:257-91. [PMID: 27037755 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) (also referred to as nonmelanoma skin cancer) is by far the most common form of human cancer. A personal history of KC is well established to be associated with increased risk of recurrent KC and malignant melanoma, a less common yet more fatal form of skin cancer. More surprising is that a substantial body of epidemiologic evidence now indicates that a personal history of KC is significantly associated with an overall elevated risk of noncutaneous malignancies. This association is not limited to one or a few types of cancer but applies across many different types of malignancy. This association has been consistently observed in prospective studies across genders for both major histologic types of KC, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The risk of other cancers has been even stronger in those with younger compared with older age of onset of KC. A robust body of evidence lends support to the notion that KC may be a marker of a high cancer-risk phenotype. The underlying mechanisms for this association remain to be elucidated, but the cross-cutting nature of this association across numerous malignancies suggests that research to uncover these mechanisms is a promising line of inquiry that could potentially yield valuable insight into human carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Small
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - V Barton
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - B Peterson
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - A J Alberg
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Karami S, Colt JS, Stewart PA, Schwartz K, Davis FG, Ruterbusch JJ, Chow WH, Wacholder S, Graubard BI, Purdue MP, Moore LE. A case-control study of occupational sunlight exposure and renal cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1626-33. [PMID: 26505275 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence of a relationship between vitamin D and kidney cancer risk has been inconsistent despite experimental data indicating that vitamin D and its metabolites may inhibit carcinogenesis. Previously we reported an inverse association between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk and occupational ultraviolet (UV) exposure among European men. In this study, we examined the association between occupational UV exposure and RCC risk among US residents and investigated whether this association varied by race and sex. Lifetime occupational data for 1,217 RCC cases and 1,235 controls in a population-based case-control study, conducted from 2002 to 2007, were assessed for occupational UV exposure. We evaluated exposure metrics in quartiles based on control exposure levels and calculated associations between RCC risk and occupational UV exposure using unconditional logistic regression adjusted for sex, race, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, center, education, family history of cancer and dietary vitamin D intake. A general pattern of decreasing RCC risk with increasing UV exposure was observed. Cases had significantly lower cumulative occupational UV exposure than controls (fourth quartile vs. first: odds ratio = 0.74 [95% confidence interval = 0.56-0.99], p-trend = 0.03). Similar results were observed for other UV exposure metrics. The association with occupational UV exposure was stronger for women than for men, but did not differ by race. Our findings suggest an inverse association between occupational UV exposure and RCC, particularly among women. Given the sex finding discrepancies in this study versus our previous study, additional research is need to clarify whether the protective effects of occupational UV exposure and RCC risk are real.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karami
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Joanne S Colt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Kendra Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Sholom Wacholder
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
| | - Lee E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD
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20
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Feki J, Fourati N, Boudawara T, Daoud J, Frikha M. [Basal cell carcinoma revealed during treatment of breast cancer by trastuzumab]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 43:686-7. [PMID: 26189098 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Feki
- Service d'oncologie médicale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - N Fourati
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie.
| | - T Boudawara
- Service d'anatomopathologie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - J Daoud
- Service d'oncologie radiothérapie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
| | - M Frikha
- Service d'oncologie médicale, CHU Habib Bourguiba, 3029 Sfax, Tunisie
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21
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Alberg AJ, Fischer AH. Is a personal history of nonmelanoma skin cancer associated with increased or decreased risk of other cancers? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 23:433-6. [PMID: 24609852 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two conflicting hypotheses have been tested concerning the association between a personal history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and risk of other malignancies. One hypothesis is that as a marker of extensive sunlight exposure and hence vitamin D status, NMSC should be inversely associated with risk of other cancers. Alternatively, under the multiple primary cancer model, NMSC is postulated to be an informative first cancer to study as a marker of increased risk of subsequent primary cancer diagnoses. In this journal issue, Ong and colleagues report the results of a large-scale study in the United Kingdom with findings that NMSC was significantly associated with increased risk of a broad spectrum of other malignancies, with the associations stronger the younger the age of onset of NMSC. These results are consistent with the larger body of evidence on this topic, which is highly asymmetrical in favor of the multiple primary cancer hypothesis. Two divergent hypotheses have been tested, with the empirical evidence unequivocally indicating that NMSC is a marker of a high cancer risk phenotype. Future research is warranted to better characterize this association, to understand why NMSC is a marker of excess risk of other cancers, and to determine whether this association is clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Alberg
- Authors' Affiliations: Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Liu XH, Man YN, Wu XZ. Recurrence season impacts the survival of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1627-32. [PMID: 24641379 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.4.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies indicated that the diagnosis season affects the prognosis of some cancers, such as examples in the prostate, colon and breast This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether the diagnosis and recurrent season impacts the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. METHODS From January 2005 to August 2010, 161 epithelial ovarian cancer patients were analyzed and followed up until August 2013. Kaplan- Meier survival curves and the log-rank test were used to make the survival analysis. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS The prognostic factors of overall survival in epithelial ovarian cancer patients included age, clinical stage, pathological type, histological grade, residual disease after primary surgery, recurrent season and adjuvant chemotherapy cycles. Moreover, clinical stage, histological grade, residual disease after primary surgery, recurrent season and adjuvant chemotherapy cycles also impacted the progression-free survival of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. The diagnosis season did not have a significantly relationship with the survival of operable epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Median overall survival of patients with recurrent month from April to November was 47 months, which was longer (P < 0.001) than that of patients with recurrence month from December to March (19 months). Median progression-free survival of patients with recurrence month from April to November and December to March was 20 and 8 months, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The recurrence season impacts the survival of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. However, the diagnosed season does not appear to exert a significant influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Liu
- Zhong-Shan-Men In-patient Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China E-mail :
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23
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Grant WB. Effect of interval between serum draw and follow-up period on relative risk of cancer incidence with respect to 25-hydroxyvitamin D level; implications for meta-analyses and setting vitamin D guidelines. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/derm.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Chinembiri TN, du Plessis LH, Gerber M, Hamman JH, du Plessis J. Review of natural compounds for potential skin cancer treatment. Molecules 2014; 19:11679-721. [PMID: 25102117 PMCID: PMC6271439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190811679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most anti-cancer drugs are derived from natural resources such as marine, microbial and botanical sources. Cutaneous malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with a high mortality rate. Various treatments for malignant melanoma are available, but due to the development of multi-drug resistance, current or emerging chemotherapies have a relatively low success rates. This emphasizes the importance of discovering new compounds that are both safe and effective against melanoma. In vitro testing of melanoma cell lines and murine melanoma models offers the opportunity for identifying mechanisms of action of plant derived compounds and extracts. Common anti-melanoma effects of natural compounds include potentiating apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation and inhibiting metastasis. There are different mechanisms and pathways responsible for anti-melanoma actions of medicinal compounds such as promotion of caspase activity, inhibition of angiogenesis and inhibition of the effects of tumor promoting proteins such as PI3-K, Bcl-2, STAT3 and MMPs. This review thus aims at providing an overview of anti-cancer compounds, derived from natural sources, that are currently used in cancer chemotherapies, or that have been reported to show anti-melanoma, or anti-skin cancer activities. Phytochemicals that are discussed in this review include flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, vitamins, sulforaphane, some polyphenols and crude plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawona N Chinembiri
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Lissinda H du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Minja Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Josias H Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jeanetta du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Ohn JH, Kwon IH, Park J, Ryu OH, Lee SJ, Kim DM, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Hong EG. Unprotected daily sun exposure is differently associated with central adiposity and β-cell dysfunction by gender: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:253-259. [PMID: 24981823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet irradiation by sun exposure has been associated with both harms and benefits to metabolic health. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether unprotected daily sun exposure is associated with the prevalence of diabetes and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS We analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey V from 2010 to 2011. Participants 19-60 years of age were asked about the average amount of time they had been exposed to direct sunlight per day since the age of 19. We categorized participants into three groups with different levels of lifetime daily sun exposure and explored the association of sun exposure with the prevalence of diabetes. RESULTS The risk of diabetes was higher in subjects with more than 5h of unprotected sun exposure per day, with an odds ratio of 2.39 (95% CI 1.75-3.25), compared to those with less than 2h of sun exposure, and the association remained significant after adjusting for diabetes risk factors. Long-term sun exposure was associated with increased central obesity and the possibility of an increase in visceral adiposity, especially among women, and with decrease in beta cell function and peripheral adiposity or percent body fat in men. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a cutoff for upper limit of sun exposure and suggests unprotected daily sun exposure for more than 5h should be avoided to prevent diabetes. Increased central adiposity and decreased beta cell function were observed in women and men, respectively, who had long-term unprotected daily sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hun Ohn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Juri Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ohk Hyun Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Man Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Ihm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyoung Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Robsahm TE, Karagas MR, Rees JR, Syse A. New malignancies after squamous cell carcinoma and melanomas: a population-based study from Norway. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:210. [PMID: 24645632 PMCID: PMC3994878 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cancer survivors experience an increased risk for subsequent malignancies but the associated risk factors are poorly understood. This study examined the risk of a new primary cancer following an initial skin cancer and assessed risk factors associated with second primary cancers. Methods All invasive cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMM, N = 28 069) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC, N = 24 620) diagnosed in Norway during 1955–2008 were included. Rates of new primary cancers in skin cancer survivors were compared to rates of primary malignancies in the general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIR). Discrete-time logistic regression models were applied to individual-level data to estimate cancer risk among those with and without a prior skin cancer, accounting for residential region, education, income, parenthood, marital status and parental cancer status, using a 20% random sample of the entire Norwegian population as reference. Further analyses of the skin cancer cohort were undertaken to determine risk factors related to subsequent cancers. Results During follow-up, 9608 new primary cancers occurred after an initial skin cancer. SIR analyses showed 50% and 90% increased risks for any cancer after CMM and SCC, respectively (p < 0.01). The logistic regression model suggested even stronger increase after SCC (130%). The highest risk was seen for subsequent skin cancers, but several non-skin cancers were also diagnosed in excess: oral, lung, colon, breast, prostate, thyroid, leukemia, lymphoma and central nervous system. Factors that were associated with increased risk of subsequent cancers include male sex, older age, lower residential latitude, being married and low education and income. Parental cancer did not increase the risk of a subsequent cancer after SCC, but was a significant predictor among younger CMM survivors. Conclusions Our results provide information on shared environmental and genetic risk factors for first and later cancers and may help to identify individuals at high risk for subsequent cancers, which will be important as skin cancer incidence continues to rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trude E Robsahm
- Cancer Registry of Norway, PB 5313 Majorstuen, N-0304 Oslo, Norway.
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Rose RF, Williams C, Oliphant T, Browne F, Turner D, Goulden V. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with atopic eczema and the influence of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2014; 30:287-93. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fiona Browne
- Dermatology Department; Chapel Allerton Hospital; Leeds UK
| | - David Turner
- Dermatology Department; Chapel Allerton Hospital; Leeds UK
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Caini S, Boniol M, Botteri E, Tosti G, Bazolli B, Russell-Edu W, Giusti F, Testori A, Gandini S. The risk of developing a second primary cancer in melanoma patients: a comprehensive review of the literature and meta-analysis. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:3-9. [PMID: 24680127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The number of cutaneous melanoma survivors has been increasing for years due to improvements in early diagnosis and subsequent prolonged survival. These patients are at increased risk of developing a second melanoma and a second primary malignancy (SPM) at other sites as well. We performed a review of scientific literature and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of developing a SPM (other than melanoma) among melanoma patients. Twenty-three independent papers and over 350,000 melanoma patients were included. Risk of cancer among melanoma survivors was increased overall (1.57, 95% CI 1.29-1.90) and at several sites: bone (2.09, 95% CI 1.08-4.05), non-melanoma skin cancer (4.01, 95% CI 1.81-8.87), soft tissue (6.80, 95% CI 1.29-35.98), colon-rectum (1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.25), female breast (1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.22), kidney (1.34, 95% CI 1.23-1.45), prostate (1.25, 95% CI 1.13-1.37) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1.37, 95% CI 1.22-1.54). The overall risk of SPM showed a tendency to decrease as the time from melanoma diagnosis lengthened. Most of our findings may be explained by the tendency of some exposures, which are risk factors for different tumors, to occur simultaneously in the same individuals. These results suggest primary and secondary cancer prevention counselling for melanoma survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Caini
- Unit of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention, Via delle Oblate 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Mathieu Boniol
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Edoardo Botteri
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Tosti
- Division of Melanoma and Muscolocutaneous sarcoma, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bazolli
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Giusti
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Testori
- Division of Melanoma and Muscolocutaneous sarcoma, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Grant WB. Roles of solar UV radiation and vitamin D in human health and how to obtain vitamin D. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2.5.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Grunbaum A, Holcroft C, Heilpern D, Gladman S, Burstein B, Menard M, Al-Abbad J, Cassoff J, MacNamara E, Gordon PH, Szilagyi A. Dynamics of vitamin D in patients with mild or inactive inflammatory bowel disease and their families. Nutr J 2013; 12:145. [PMID: 24206944 PMCID: PMC3828424 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 25(OH) vitamin D levels may be low in patients with moderately or severely active inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD: Crohn's disease and Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis) but this is less clear in patients with mild or inactive IBD. Furthermore there is limited information of any family influence on 25(OH) vitamin D levels in IBD. As a possible risk factor we hypothesize that vitamin D levels may also be low in families of IBD patients. OBJECTIVES To evaluate 25[OH] vitamin D levels in patients with IBD in remission or with mild activity. A second objective is to evaluate whether there are relationships within IBD family units of 25[OH] vitamin D and what are the influences associated with these levels. METHODS Participants underwent medical history, physical examination and a 114 item diet questionnaire. Serum 25[OH] vitamin D was measured, using a radioimmunoassay kit, (replete ≥ 75, insufficient 50-74, deficient < 25-50, or severely deficient < 25 nmol/L). Associations between 25[OH] vitamin D and twenty variables were evaluated using univariate regression. Multivariable analysis was also applied and intrafamilial dynamics were assessed. RESULTS 55 patients and 48 controls with their respective families participated (N206). 25[OH] vitamin D levels between patients and controls were similar (71.2 ± 32.8 vs. 68.3 ±26.2 nmol/L). Vitamin D supplements significantly increased intake but correlation with serum 25[OH] vitamin D was significant only during non sunny months among patients. Within family units, patients' families had mean replete levels (82.3 ± 34.2 nmol/L) and a modest correlation emerged during sunny months between patients and family (r2 =0.209 p = 0.032). These relationships were less robust and non significant in controls and their families. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mild or inactive IBD 25[OH] vitamin D levels are less than ideal but are similar to controls. Taken together collectively, the results of this study suggest that patient family dynamics may be different in IBD units from that in control family units. However contrary to the hypothesis, intra familial vitamin D dynamics do not pose additional risks for development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Szilagyi
- Gastroenterology, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine Rd, Room E177, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Breast cancer in postmenopausal women after non-melanomatous skin cancer: the Women's Health Initiative observational study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:821-31. [PMID: 23760856 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An increased risk of breast cancer has been reported in patients with non-melanomatous skin cancer (NMSC), but this association has not been studied in a large, multi-geographic population. We utilized data from the Women's Health Initiative observational study to assess whether history of NMSC is associated with breast cancer risk. This analysis included 70,246 postmenopausal White and Hispanic women aged 50-79, in which 4,247 breast cancer cases were identified over a mean (SD) of 11.3 (3.2) years. Baseline information was collected on demographics, medical history, sun exposure, and vitamin D intake. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The relationship between NMSC and breast cancer was examined as a time-dependent exposure using updated information on NMSC gathered during follow-up visits. All statistical tests were two sided. There were 5,595 women diagnosed with NMSC at study entry. The annualized rate of breast cancer was 0.64 % among women with a history of NMSC and 0.55 % among women with no history of NMSC. The multivariable-adjusted HR for breast cancer among women with a history of NMSC versus no history of NMSC was 1.07 (95 % CI 0.95-1.20, P = 0.27). Further evaluation stratified by tumor characteristics showed an increased risk of lymph node-positive disease, HR = 1.30 (95 % CI 1.01-1.67, P = 0.04), and regional-stage disease, HR = 1.33 (95 % CI 1.05-1.70, P = 0.02), among women with NMSC. There was no significant overall association between NMSC and breast cancer; however, there was an increased risk of more advanced-stage breast cancer which needs further exploration.
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Chia SE, Wong KY, Cheng C, Lau W, Tan PH. Sun exposure and the risk of prostate cancer in the Singapore Prostate Cancer Study: a case-control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3179-85. [PMID: 22994730 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.7.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the epidemiology studies on the effects of sun exposure and prostate cancer were conducted among the temperate countries of North America and Europe. Little is known about the influence on Asian populations. The purpose of current study was to evaluate any association of sun exposure with risk of prostate cancer in Chinese, Malays and Indians who reside in the tropics. METHODS The Singapore Prostate Cancer Study is a hospital-based case-control study of 240 prostate cancer incident cases and 268 controls conducted in Singapore between April 2007 and May 2009. Detailed information on outdoor activities in the sun, skin colour, sun sensitivity and other possible risk factors were collected in personal interviews. Cases were further classified by Gleason scores and TNM staging. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, family history of any cancers, BMI and skin colour. RESULTS We found that prostate cancer risk was increased in subjects with black/dark-brown eyes (OR 5.88, 95%CI 3.17-10.9), darker skin colour e.g. tan/dark brown/black (OR 7.62, 95%CI 3.41-17.0), frequent sunburn in lifetime (OR 4.30, 95%CI 1.7-11.2) and increased general sun exposure in adulthood per week (OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.09-3.81). The increased risk was consistent for high grade tumours and advanced stage prostate cancers. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that excessive sun exposure is a risk factor for prostate cancer in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Eng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore.
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Song F, Qureshi AA, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Chen WY, Stampfer MJ, Han J. Risk of a second primary cancer after non-melanoma skin cancer in white men and women: a prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2013; 10:e1001433. [PMID: 23630459 PMCID: PMC3635863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest a positive association between history of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and risk of subsequent cancer at other sites. The purpose of this study is to prospectively examine the risk of primary cancer according to personal history of NMSC. METHODS AND FINDINGS In two large US cohorts, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), we prospectively investigated this association in self-identified white men and women. In the HPFS, we followed 46,237 men from June 1986 to June 2008 (833,496 person-years). In the NHS, we followed 107,339 women from June 1984 to June 2008 (2,116,178 person-years). We documented 29,447 incident cancer cases other than NMSC. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A personal history of NMSC was significantly associated with a higher risk of other primary cancers excluding melanoma in men (RR=1.11; 95% CI 1.05-1.18), and in women (RR=1.20; 95% CI 1.15-1.25). Age-standardized absolute risk (AR) was 176 in men and 182 in women per 100,000 person-years. For individual cancer sites, after the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (n=28), in men, a personal history of NMSC was significantly associated with an increased risk of melanoma (RR=1.99, AR=116 per 100,000 person-years). In women, a personal history of NMSC was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast (RR=1.19, AR=87 per 100,000 person-years), lung (RR=1.32, AR=22 per 100,000 person-years), and melanoma (RR=2.58, AR=79 per 100,000 person-years). CONCLUSION This prospective study found a modestly increased risk of subsequent malignancies among individuals with a history of NMSC, specifically breast and lung cancer in women and melanoma in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abrar A. Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charlie S. Fuchs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wendy Y. Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Meir J. Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Grant WB. An ecological study of cancer mortality rates in California, 1950-64, with respect to solar UVB and smoking indices. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 4:176-82. [PMID: 22928074 PMCID: PMC3427197 DOI: 10.4161/derm.19834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED <u> PURPOSE </u> This paper addresses whether nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) mortality rates can serve as a useful index of population ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D production in a manner that affects the risk of internal cancers <u> METHODS </u> This analysis uses the ecological study approach with cancer mortality rate data from 19 state economic areas in California. This paper uses age-adjusted data for those aged 40 y or older. Two additional indices for solar UVB doses were also used: latitude and surface UVB doses for July 1992 from the total ozone mapping spectrometer. Lung cancer mortality rates served as the index of the health effects of smoking<u> RESULTS </u> Significant inverse correlations with NMSC mortality rate in multiple linear regression analyses were found during the period 1950-64 for eight types of cancer for males: bladder, brain, colon, gastric, prostate, and rectal cancer; multiple myeloma; and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. No similar results emerged for females with respect to all three UVB indices. Their NMSC mortality rates averaged 60% lower than those for males. Lung cancer mortality rates were directly correlated with three types of cancer for males: laryngeal, oral, and renal. No significant correlations with NMSC mortality rates appeared for later periods<u> CONCLUSIONS </u> NMSC mortality rates were found inversely correlated with internal cancers for males in the period 1950-64. After that period, no further such correlations were found. The reasons may hypothetically include reduced NMSC mortality rates, high immigration rates, movement from rural to urban locations and reduced solar UVB irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center (SUNARC); San Francisco, CA USA
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Grant WB. Role of solar UVB irradiance and smoking in cancer as inferred from cancer incidence rates by occupation in Nordic countries. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 4:203-11. [PMID: 22928078 PMCID: PMC3427201 DOI: 10.4161/derm.20965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D reduce the risk of incidence and death for many types of cancer. However, most of that evidence comes from midlatitude regions, where solar UVB doses are generally high in summer. Data on cancer standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) by sex and 54 occupation categories based on 1.4 million male and 1.36 million female cancer cases for 1961–2005 in the five Nordic countries provide the basis for an ecological study of the role of solar UVB in the risk of many types of cancer at high latitudes. Lip cancer SIRs less lung cancer SIRs for men was the best index of solar UVB dose, which was weakly inversely correlated with both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) SIRs. Lung cancer SIRs were used as the index of the effects of smoking. For men, the UVB index was significantly inversely correlated with 14 types of internal cancer—bladder, breast, colon, gallbladder, kidney, laryngeal, liver, lung, oral, pancreatic, pharyngeal, prostate, rectal and small intestine cancer. For women, the same UVB index was inversely correlated with bladder, breast and colon cancer. These results generally agree with findings from other studies. These results provide more support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis and suggest that widespread fear of chronic solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance may be misplaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center; San Francisco, CA USA
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Wisgerhof HC, Wolterbeek R, de Fijter JW, Willemze R, Bouwes Bavinck JN. Kidney transplant recipients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma have an increased risk of internal malignancy. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2176-83. [PMID: 22534875 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the occurrence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is associated with an increased risk of internal malignancies (IMs) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). In a cohort study, all patients receiving kidney transplantation in Leiden, the Netherlands, between 1966 and 2006 were followed up. All malignancies that had developed between 1966 and 2007 were recorded. Time-dependent Cox regression analyses were used to calculate the association between the development of cutaneous SCCs and IMs. The incidence of IMs in the KTRs after transplantation was also compared with the general Dutch population by calculating standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) and was matched for age, sex, and time period in which the malignancy had occurred. Among 1,800 KTRs, 176 (9.8%) developed cutaneous SCCs and 142 (7.9%) developed IMs after transplantation. In patients with prior cutaneous SCCs, the adjusted risk to develop IMs was 3.0 (1.9; 4.7). In KTRs without cutaneous SCCs, the risk of IM compared with the general population was hardly increased. KTRs with cutaneous SCCs have an increased risk to develop IMs, and this information can be used to identify KTRs who are at an increased risk for IMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermina C Wisgerhof
- Department of Dermatology, B1-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Zheng H, Yang Y, Land KC. Heterogeneity in the Strehler-Mildvan general theory of mortality and aging. Demography 2012; 48:267-90. [PMID: 21347805 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-011-0013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examines and further develops the classic Strehler-Mildvan (SM) general theory of mortality and aging. Three predictions from the SM theory are tested by examining the age dependence of mortality patterns for 42 countries (including developed and developing countries) over the period 1955-2003. By applying finite mixture regression models, principal component analysis, and random-effects panel regression models, we find that (1) the negative correlation between the initial adulthood mortality rate and the rate of increase in mortality with age derived in the SM theory exists but is not constant; (2) within the SM framework, the implied age of expected zero vitality (expected maximum survival age) also is variable over time; (3) longevity trajectories are not homogeneous among the countries; (4) Central American and Southeast Asian countries have higher expected age of zero vitality than other countries in spite of relatively disadvantageous national ecological systems; (5) within the group of Central American and Southeast Asian countries, a more disadvantageous national ecological system is associated with a higher expected age of zero vitality; and (6) larger agricultural and food productivities, higher labor participation rates, higher percentages of population living in urban areas, and larger GDP per capita and GDP per unit of energy use are important beneficial national ecological system factors that can promote survival. These findings indicate that the SM theory needs to be generalized to incorporate heterogeneity among human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0088, USA.
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Grant WB. Re: Prostate cancer incidence in Australia correlates inversely with solar radiation. BJU Int 2012; 109 Suppl 3:72-3; author reply 74. [PMID: 22458499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mullins JK, Loeb S. Environmental exposures and prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2012; 30:216-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ren C, Qiu MZ, Wang DS, Luo HY, Zhang DS, Wang ZQ, Wang FH, Li YH, Zhou ZW, Xu RH. Prognostic effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2012; 10:16. [PMID: 22284859 PMCID: PMC3295723 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Results from large epidemiologic studies on the association between vitamin D and gastric cancer are controversial. Vitamin D significantly promotes apoptosis in the undifferentiated gastric cancer cell, but the prognostic effects of its levels are unknown. Methods 197 gastric carcinoma patients who received treatment in the cancer centre of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2002 to January 2006 were involved in the study. The stored blood drawn before any treatment was assayed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. The clinicopathologic data were collected to examine the prognostic effects of vitamin D. Results The mean vitamin D levels of the 197 gastric patients was 49.85 ± 23.68 nmol/L, among whom 114(57.9%) were deficient in Vitamin D(< 50 nmol/L), 67(34%) were insufficient (50-75 nmol/L) and 16(8.1%) were sufficient (> 75 nmol/L). Clinical stage (P = 0.004) and lymph node metastasis classification (P = 0.009) were inversely associated with vitamin D levels. The patients with high vitamin D levels group (≥ 50 nmol/L) had a higher overall survival compared with the low vitamin D levels group (< 50 nmol/L)(P = 0.018). Multivariate analysis indicated that vitamin D levels were an independent prognostic factor of gastric cancer (P = 0.019). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Nair-Shalliker V, Smith DP, Egger S, Hughes AM, Kaldor JM, Clements M, Kricker A, Armstrong BK. Sun exposure may increase risk of prostate cancer in the high UV environment of New South Wales, Australia: a case-control study. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:E726-32. [PMID: 22173996 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight may influence risk of prostate cancer. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, we examined the relationship between sun exposure at 30 and 50 years of age and risk of prostate cancer in a case-control study combining the NSW prostate cancer care and outcome study (cases) and the NSW non-Hodgkin's lymphoma study (controls). Prostate cancer risk increased with increasing estimated sun exposure (adjusted OR for highest vs. lowest quartiles of average weekly sun exposure in the warmer months 2.07 95% CI: 1.36-3.15) and this increase was most evident with weekend sun exposure (adjusted OR=5.55, 95% CI: 2.94-10.48). High sun sensitivity was also positively associated with risk for prostate cancer (adjusted OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.09-2.44). The apparent effects of weekly sun exposure did not vary by disease aggressiveness. Our results suggest that increasing sun exposure in mid-adult years increases prostate cancer risk in a high ambient solar UV environment. Given that previous studies, conducted mainly in low solar UV environments, have generally found evidence of a negative association, our findings suggest there may be a U-shaped relationship between solar UV exposure and prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to test the hypothesis that high solar UV exposure is a risk factor for prostate cancer and to explore possible mechanisms for such an association.
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Grant WB. On the roles of solar UV irradiance and smoking on the diagnosis of second cancers after diagnosis of melanoma. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 4:12-7. [PMID: 22870347 PMCID: PMC3408986 DOI: 10.4161/derm.19831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several recent papers have reported standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for second cancers after diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma. This review divides the types of cancer into five types: (1) those for which UV-B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D reduces risk; (2) those for which UVB/vitamin D reduces risk and smoking increases risk; (3) smoking related; (4) unknown UVB/vitamin D and smoking sensitivity and (5) those for which UV irradiance increases risk. For those in category 1, SIRs were either significantly elevated or not significantly different from 1.0. For those in category 2, the SIR for kidney cancer was significantly elevated, whereas the SIRs for cervical, laryngeal and rectal cancer were significantly reduced. For those in category 3, all SIRs were significantly reduced. For those in categories 4 and 5, SIRs for all types except lip cancer were significantly elevated. A registry linkage study found significantly reduced SIRs for second cancers after diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer in sunny countries but found increased SIRs in less sunny countries. The SIRs for second cancer for melanoma were elevated in both sunny and less sunny countries. This review concludes that sun exposure without sufficient vitamin D production may explain the elevated SIRs for vitamin D-sensitive cancers, whereas smoking-through production of skin elastosis, thereby reducing the risk of melanoma-probably explains the findings for smoking-related cancers. Thus, guidelines on UV irradiance should emphasize regular moderate UVB irradiance rather than avoidance for those who can tan.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center; San Francisco, CA USA
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Sitas F, Yu XQ, O'Connell DL, Blizzard L, Otahal P, Newman L, Venn A. The relationship between basal and squamous cell skin cancer and smoking related cancers. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:556. [PMID: 22188818 PMCID: PMC3285702 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We compared the risk of being diagnosed with smoking-related cancers (lung, oral cavity, upper digestive and respiratory organs, bladder, kidney, anogenital cancers and myeloid leukaemia) among people with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma of the skin (BCC), with risks found in the general population using data from an Australian population-based cancer registry. Methods People diagnosed with BCC or SCC in 1980-2003 reported to the Tasmanian Cancer Registry, Australia, were followed-up by linkage within the registry, until diagnosis of a subsequent smoking-related cancer, death, or until 31 December 2003. Risk of developing a future smoking-related cancer was assessed using age Standardised Incidence Ratios (SIR). Results People diagnosed with SCC had an increased risk of lung cancer (men: SIR = 1.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.61-2.21; women: SIR = 2.04, 1.42-2.83) and all other smoking-related cancers (men: SIR = 1.38, 1.19-1.60; women: SIR = 1.78, 1.34-2.33). Men with BCC had a significant increased risk of lung cancer (SIR = 1.26, 1.10-1.44) but not of any of the other smoking-related cancers (SIR = 1.09, 0.97-1.23). Conclusions Individuals with a history of SCC having an increased risk of developing smoking related cancers cancer suggests smoking as a common etiology. The relationship between BCC and smoking-related cancers is less certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Sitas
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Subsequent primary cancers among men and women with in situ and invasive melanoma of the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:S69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Contractor KB, Kenny LM, Stebbing J, Rosso L, Ahmad R, Jacob J, Challapalli A, Turkheimer F, Al-Nahhas A, Sharma R, Coombes RC, Aboagye EO. [18F]-3'Deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography and breast cancer response to docetaxel. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7664-72. [PMID: 22028493 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish biomarkers indicating clinical response to taxanes, we determined whether early changes in [(18)F]-3'deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography (FLT-PET) can predict benefit from docetaxel therapy in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This was a prospective unblinded study in 20 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage II-IV breast cancer unresponsive to first-line chemotherapy or progressing on previous therapy. Individuals underwent a baseline dynamic FLT-PET scan followed by a scan 2 weeks after initiating the first or second cycle of docetaxel. PET variables were compared with anatomic response midtherapy (after 3 cycles). RESULTS Average and maximum tumor standardized uptake values at 60 minutes (SUV(60,av) and SUV(60,max)) normalized to body surface area ranged between 1.7 and 17.0 and 5.6 and 26.9 × 10(-5) m(2)/mL, respectively. Docetaxel treatment resulted in a significant decrease in FLT uptake (P = 0.0003 for SUV(60,av) and P = 0.0002 for SUV(60,max)). Reduction in tumor SUV(60,av) was associated with target lesion size changes midtherapy (Pearson R for SUV(60,av) = 0.64; P = 0.004) and predicted midtherapy target lesion response (0.85 sensitivity and 0.80 specificity). Decreases in SUV(60,av) in responders were due, at least in part, to reduced net intracellular trapping of FLT (rate constant, K(i)). Docetaxel significantly reduced K(i) by 51.1% (±28.4%, P = 0.0009). CONCLUSION Changes in tumor proliferation assessed by FLT-PET early after initiating docetaxel chemotherapy can predict lesion response midtherapy with good sensitivity warranting prospective trials to assess the ability to stop therapy in the event of non-FLT-PET response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyumars B Contractor
- Departments of Surgery and Cancer, Neuroscience, and Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College London and Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith and Charing Cross Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
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Stracci F, Fabrizi V, D’Alò D, La Rosa F, Papini M. Risk of multiple primary cancers following melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:1384-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Szilagyi A, Leighton H, Burstein B, Shrier I. Significant Positive Correlation Between Sunshine and Lactase Nonpersistence in Europe May Implicate Both in Similarly Altering Risks for Some Diseases. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:991-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.596641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Meerza D, Naseem I, Ahmad J. Diabetes, pancreatic cancer and vitamin D. Is there a link? Diabetes Metab Syndr 2011; 5:218-221. [PMID: 25572768 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D is not merely limited to maintaining skeletal health but also extends to maintaining glucose homeostasis by preserving insulin secretion and sensitivity and thus deficiency of vitamin D plays an important role in aetiopathogenesis of T2 diabetes. In addition to its many other roles, vitamin D has recently been found to have growth inhibiting affects on pancreatic cancer cells. Ecological studies have shown that there exists an inverse correlation between sun exposure and death rates for pancreatic cancer. Since vitamin D has promising role in both type 2 diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer, its deficiency may be associated to any or both of these chronic diseases. The present review thus aims to find correlation between diabetes and pancreatic cancer and if vitamin D is a common link between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilnasheen Meerza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Jamal Ahmad
- Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Lindelöf B, Krynitz B, Ayoubi S, Martschin C, Wiegleb-Edström D, Wiklund K. Previous extensive sun exposure and subsequent vitamin D production in patients with basal cell carcinoma of the skin, has no protective effect on internal cancers. Eur J Cancer 2011; 48:1154-8. [PMID: 21788128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that sunlight through production of vitamin D might have a protective effect on a number of internal cancers. Consequently, in spite of the well known skin cancer risks, some researchers advocate more exposure to ultraviolet radiation, supported by the solarium industry. We estimated the risk of internal cancer before the patient contracted a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin, the most common cancer in white populations and strongly associated with extensive sun exposure. METHODS A nested case control study was undertaken in the whole Swedish population. 115,016 patients with BCC and 987,893 controls were linked to population based registers. FINDINGS The cases had an increased risk of getting another form of cancer before the BCC diagnosis: odds ratio (OR)=1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.81-1.86. This risk was mainly due to skin cancer: OR=4.95; 95% CI 4.81-5.09 but also non-skin cancer risk was elevated: OR=1.37; 95% CI 1.35-1.39. We adjusted the estimates for age, level of income, occupational status in national censuses, place of living and sex, where appropriate. Of the cancers specifically suggested to be related to vitamin D status: colon, prostate, breast, and ovary cancer, all had slightly increased ORs whilst for pancreatic and gastric cancer no increased OR was found. INTERPRETATION Patients with BCC, a proxy for extensive sun exposure, run an increased risk of other forms of cancer prior to the diagnosis of BCC. The findings in this study contradict that vitamin D production through extensive sun exposure has any protective effect on internal cancer but emphasise the increased risk for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernt Lindelöf
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Grant WB. Effect of interval between serum draw and follow-up period on relative risk of cancer incidence with respect to 25-hydroxyvitamin D level: Implications for meta-analyses and setting vitamin D guidelines. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 3:199-204. [PMID: 22110780 PMCID: PMC3219171 DOI: 10.4161/derm.3.3.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ecological studies have reported strong inverse correlations between indices of solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) doses and incidence and/or mortality rates for many types of cancer. Case-control studies (CCS) generally find inverse correlations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration measured at time of diagnosis for cancer incidence, whereas nested case-control studies (NCCS), which involve a several-year follow-up time after serum sampling, generally do not. This paper examines the relation between follow-up interval and relative risk (RR) for breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. I plot the RR versus serum 25(OH)D data as a function of follow-up time from the literature for each type of cancer. For breast cancer, RRs were significantly reduced only for follow-up periods less than 3 years. For colorectal cancer, RRs were generally significantly reduced for follow-up periods up to 12 years. For prostate cancer, RRs were not statistically significant from 4 years to 28 years. This study included no CCS. Follow-up periods after serum sampling should not be too long for breast cancer because once a tumor reaches a diameter of 1-3 mm, it requires angiogenesis to continue growing, and vitamin D reduces angiogenesis around tumors. Breast cancer diagnoses are more common in spring and fall than in summer or winter, indicating that they can grow rapidly if circulating 25(OH)D drops in the fall or melatonin levels drop in spring. Serum sampling should be conducted during the study, perhaps every 2 years, to overcome the problem of change of 25(OH)D concentration during cohort studies.
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