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Zhang W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu C, Wang Y, He L, Cheng X, Peng Y, Xia L, Wu X, Wu J, Zhang Y, Sun L, Chen P, Li G, Tu Q, Liang J, Shang Y. NFIB facilitates replication licensing by acting as a genome organizer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5076. [PMID: 37604829 PMCID: PMC10442334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-based rule governing the selection and activation of replication origins in metazoans remains to be investigated. Here we report that NFIB, a member of Nuclear Factor I (NFI) family that was initially purified in host cells to promote adenoviral DNA replication but has since mainly been investigated in transcription regulation, is physically associated with the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) in mammalian cells. Genomic analyses reveal that NFIB facilitates the assembly of the pre-RC by increasing chromatin accessibility. Nucleosome binding and single-molecule magnetic tweezers shows that NFIB binds to and opens up nucleosomes. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that NFIB promotes nucleosome eviction on parental chromatin. NFIB deficiency leads to alterations of chromosome contacts/compartments in both G1 and S phase and affects the firing of a subset of origins at early-replication domains. Significantly, cancer-associated NFIB overexpression provokes gene duplication and genomic alterations recapitulating the genetic aberrance in clinical breast cancer and empowering cancer cells to dynamically evolve growth advantage and drug resistance. Together, these results point a role for NFIB in facilitating replication licensing by acting as a genome organizer, shedding new lights on the biological function of NFIB and on the replication origin selection in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cuifang Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yani Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaodi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jiajing Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Luyang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guohong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yongfeng Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Zhou M, Gan XL, Ren YX, Chen QX, Yang YZ, Weng ZJ, Zhang XF, Guan JX, Tang LY, Ren ZF. AGR2 and FOXA1 as prognostic markers in ER-positive breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:743. [PMID: 37568077 PMCID: PMC10416444 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic role of either forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) or anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) in breast cancer has been found separately. Considering that there were interplays between them depending on ER status, we aimed to assess the statistical interaction between AGR2 and FOXA1 on breast cancer prognosis and examine the prognostic role of the combination of them by ER status. METHODS AGR2 and FOXA1 expression in tumor tissues were evaluated with tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry in 915 breast cancer patients with follow up data. The expression levels of these two markers were treated as binary variables, and many different cutoff values were tried for each marker. Survival and Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between AGR2, FOXA1 and prognosis, and the statistical interaction between them on the prognosis was assessed on multiplicative scale. RESULTS Statistical interaction between AGR2 and FOXA1 on the PFS was significant with all the cutoff points in ER-positive breast cancer patients but not ER-negative ones. Among ER-positive patients, the poor prognostic role of the high level of FOXA1 was significant only in patients with the low level of AGR2, and vice versa. When AGR2 and FOXA1 were considered together, patients with low levels of both markers had significantly longer PFS compared with all other groups. CONCLUSIONS There was a statistical interaction between AGR2 and FOXA1 on the prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer. The combination of AGR2 and FOXA1 was a more useful marker for the prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xing-Li Gan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yue-Xiang Ren
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Qian-Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | | | - Zi-Jin Weng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jie-Xia Guan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2Nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Systematic Pan-Cancer Analysis and Experimental Verification Identify FOXA1 as an Immunological and Prognostic Biomarker in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9328972. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9328972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the lowest survival rate among female reproductive cancers present with symptoms of aggressive malignancies, poor prognosis, drug resistance and postoperative recurrence. The majority of patients with EOC are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the therapeutic challenges including lack of early diagnosis and effective therapeutic targets for EOC. Methods. Pan-cancer analyses were performed to explore the features of forkhead-box (FOX) A1 (FOXA1) using data from TCGA and GTEx databases. R package “clusterprofiler” was used to perform the enrichment analysis of FOXA1 in EOC. Data downloaded from Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database were used to evaluate the association between FOXA1 and antitumor drug sensitivity. In experimental verification, FOXA1 expression was detected using qRT-PCR and western blot assays. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and Transwell assays were used to assess the influence of FOXA1 silencing on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of EOC cells. Results. We found that FOXA1 was highly expressed in EOC and predicted poorer survival of EOC patients. We observed that FOXA1 expression was positively correlated EMT-related pathways. Through experimental verification, we found the underlying function of FOXA1 to promote EMT in ovarian cancers. The results from western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and Transwell assays showed that FOXA1 silencing impeded the progression of EMT and invasiveness of the cancer cells. Furthermore, CCK-8 and invasion assays suggested that siRNA-FOXA1 attenuated the ability of cancer cells to metastasize and proliferate. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the binding activity of FOXA1 to the promoter of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). In addition, we found that FOXA1 was closely correlated immunosuppressive microenvironment of EOC. High FOXA1 expression may contribute to the resistance of many anticancer drugs. Conclusions. Our results predict and validate the function of FOXA1 in promoting EMT and the progression of disease in EOC. Targeting FOXA1 may improve the sensitivity of EOC treatment.
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Lee S, Osmanbeyoglu HU. Chromatin accessibility landscape and active transcription factors in primary human invasive lobular and ductal breast carcinomas. BREAST CANCER RESEARCH : BCR 2022; 24:54. [PMID: 35906698 PMCID: PMC9338552 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC), the second most prevalent histological subtype of breast cancer, exhibits unique molecular features compared with the more common invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). While genomic and transcriptomic features of ILC and IDC have been characterized, genome-wide chromatin accessibility pattern differences between ILC and IDC remain largely unexplored. METHODS Here, we characterized tumor-intrinsic chromatin accessibility differences between ILC and IDC using primary tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) dataset. RESULTS We identified distinct patterns of genome-wide chromatin accessibility in ILC and IDC. Inferred patient-specific transcription factor (TF) motif activities revealed regulatory differences between and within ILC and IDC tumors. EGR1, RUNX3, TP63, STAT6, SOX family, and TEAD family TFs were higher in ILC, while ATF4, PBX3, SPDEF, PITX family, and FOX family TFs were higher in IDC. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the distinct epigenomic features of ILC and IDC and the active TFs driving cancer progression that may provide valuable information on patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Hatice Ulku Osmanbeyoglu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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5
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Xu M, Bai X, Ai B, Zhang G, Song C, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wei L, Qian F, Li Y, Zhou X, Zhou L, Yang Y, Chen J, Liu J, Shang D, Wang X, Zhao Y, Huang X, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Wang Q, Li C. TF-Marker: a comprehensive manually curated database for transcription factors and related markers in specific cell and tissue types in human. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:D402-D412. [PMID: 34986601 PMCID: PMC8728118 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play key roles in biological processes and are usually used as cell markers. The emerging importance of TFs and related markers in identifying specific cell types in human diseases increases the need for a comprehensive collection of human TFs and related markers sets. Here, we developed the TF-Marker database (TF-Marker, http://bio.liclab.net/TF-Marker/), aiming to provide cell/tissue-specific TFs and related markers for human. By manually curating thousands of published literature, 5905 entries including information about TFs and related markers were classified into five types according to their functions: (i) TF: TFs which regulate expression of the markers; (ii) T Marker: markers which are regulated by the TF; (iii) I Marker: markers which influence the activity of TFs; (iv) TFMarker: TFs which play roles as markers and (v) TF Pmarker: TFs which play roles as potential markers. The 5905 entries of TF-Marker include 1316 TFs, 1092 T Markers, 473 I Markers, 1600 TFMarkers and 1424 TF Pmarkers, involving 383 cell types and 95 tissue types in human. TF-Marker further provides a user-friendly interface to browse, query and visualize the detailed information about TFs and related markers. We believe TF-Marker will become a valuable resource to understand the regulation patterns of different tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcong Xu
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bo Ai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Guorui Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chao Song
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ling Wei
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Fengcui Qian
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yongsan Yang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Desi Shang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China.,School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chunquan Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Computer, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,Hunan Provincial Base for Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
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6
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Khashkhashi Moghadam S, Bakhshinejad B, Khalafizadeh A, Mahmud Hussen B, Babashah S. Non-coding RNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA regulatory networks: Novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:287-305. [PMID: 34907642 PMCID: PMC8743668 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as the most prevalent liver malignancy, is annually diagnosed in more than half a million people worldwide. HCC is strongly associated with hepatitis B and C viral infections as well as alcohol abuse. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) also significantly enhance the risk of liver cancer. Despite recent improvements in therapeutic approaches, patients diagnosed in advanced stages show poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence provides support for the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer. There are a variety of reports indicating the regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in different stages of HCC. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) exert their effects by sponging miRNAs and controlling the expression of miRNA-targeted genes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) perform their biological functions by acting as transcriptional regulators, miRNA sponges and protein templates. Diverse studies have illustrated that dysregulation of competing endogenous RNA networks (ceRNETs) is remarkably correlated with HCC-causing diseases such as chronic viral infections, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. The aim of the current article was to provide an overview of the role and molecular mechanisms underlying the function of ceRNETs that modulate the characteristics of HCC such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, resistance to cell death, metabolic reprogramming, immune escape, angiogenesis and metastasis. The current knowledge highlights the potential of these regulatory RNA molecules as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khalafizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Genome-Wide Analysis Unveils DNA Helicase RECQ1 as a Regulator of Estrogen Response Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:MCB.00515-20. [PMID: 33468559 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00515-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to breast cancer is significantly increased in individuals with germ line mutations in RECQ1 (also known as RECQL or RECQL1), a gene encoding a DNA helicase essential for genome maintenance. We previously reported that RECQ1 expression predicts clinical outcomes for sporadic breast cancer patients stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status. Here, we utilized an unbiased integrative genomics approach to delineate a cross talk between RECQ1 and ERα, a known master regulatory transcription factor in breast cancer. We found that expression of ESR1, the gene encoding ERα, is directly activated by RECQ1. More than 35% of RECQ1 binding sites were cobound by ERα genome-wide. Mechanistically, RECQ1 cooperates with FOXA1, the pioneer transcription factor for ERα, to enhance chromatin accessibility at the ESR1 regulatory regions in a helicase activity-dependent manner. In clinical ERα-positive breast cancers treated with endocrine therapy, high RECQ1 and high FOXA1 coexpressing tumors were associated with better survival. Collectively, these results identify RECQ1 as a novel cofactor for ERα and uncover a previously unknown mechanism by which RECQ1 regulates disease-driving gene expression in ER-positive breast cancer cells.
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8
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Chen QX, Yang YZ, Liang ZZ, Chen JL, Li YL, Huang ZY, Weng ZJ, Zhang XF, Guan JX, Tang LY, Yun JP, Ren ZF. Time-varying effects of FOXA1 on breast cancer prognosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:867-875. [PMID: 33604715 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Results of previous studies on the associations between Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) expression in breast cancer tissues and the prognosis varied depending on the follow-up durations. The present study would investigate whether there is a time-varying effect of FOXA1 in breast cancer tissues on the prognosis. METHODS FOXA1 expressions were evaluated in 1041 primary invasive breast tumors with tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry. Cox models with restricted cubic splines and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to examine the associations between FOXA1 and the prognosis. Flexible parametric models were applied to explore the time-varying effect of FOXA1. RESULTS Overall, the association between FOXA1 expression and the prognosis was not significant but varied on the time of follow-up. Compared to FOXA1 ≤ 270 of H-score, the hazard ratios (HRs) of death for those with 271-285 of FOXA1 expression increased from 0.35 (95% CI 0.14-0.86) at 6 months after diagnosis to 2.88 (95% CI 1.35-6.15) at 120 months with a crossover at around 36 months. Similar patterns were also observed for FOXA1 > 285 of H-score and for progression free survival (PFS). Moreover, when allowed both FOXA1 and estrogen receptor (ER) to change over time in the model (considering that ER had a similar time-varying effect), these time-varying effects remained for FOXA1 on both overall survival (OS) (P < 0.01) and PFS (P = 0.01) but were attenuated for ER (P = 0.13 for OS). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed an independent time-varying effect of FOXA1 on breast cancer prognosis, which would provide an insight into the roles of FOXA1 as a marker of breast cancer prognosis and may help optimize the medication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Yang
- The Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhuo-Zhi Liang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Yue-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zi-Yi Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zi-Jin Weng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jie-Xia Guan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- The Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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9
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Althobiti M, El-sharawy KA, Joseph C, Aleskandarany M, Toss MS, Green AR, Rakha EA. Oestrogen-regulated protein SLC39A6: a biomarker of good prognosis in luminal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:621-630. [PMID: 34453638 PMCID: PMC8505289 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The outcome of the luminal oestrogen receptor-positive (ER +) subtype of breast cancer (BC) is highly variable and patient stratification needs to be refined. We assessed the prognostic significance of oestrogen-regulated solute carrier family 39 member 6 (SLC39A6) in BC, with emphasis on ER + tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS SLC39A6 mRNA expression and copy number alterations were assessed using the METABRIC cohort (n = 1980). SLC39A6 protein expression was evaluated in a large (n = 670) and annotated series of early-stage (I-III) operable BC using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. The associations between SLC39A6 expression and clinicopathological parameters, patient outcomes and other ER-related markers were evaluated using Chi-square tests and Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS High SLC39A6 mRNA and protein expression was associated with features characteristic of less aggressive tumours in the entire BC cohort and ER + subgroup. SLC39A6 protein expression was detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the tumour cells. High SLC39A6 nuclear expression and mRNA levels were positively associated with ER + tumours and expression of ER-related markers, including the progesterone receptor, forkhead box protein A1 and GATA binding protein 3. In the ER + luminal BC, high SLC39A6 expression was independently associated with longer BC-specific survival (BCSS) (P = 0.015, HR 0.678, 95% CI 0.472‒0.972) even in those who did not receive endocrine therapy (P = 0.001, HR 0.701, 95% CI 0.463‒1.062). CONCLUSION SLC39A6 may be prognostic for a better outcome in ER + luminal BC. Further functional studies to investigate the role of SLC39A6 in ER + luminal BC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Althobiti
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.449644.f0000 0004 0441 5692Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University 33, Shaqra, 11961 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud A. El-sharawy
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Chitra Joseph
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Mohammed Aleskandarany
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Michael S. Toss
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Andrew R. Green
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD England ,grid.4563.40000 0004 1936 8868Present Address: Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
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10
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FOXA1 Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Association with Clinicopathological Characteristics and EMT Markers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4234632. [PMID: 32685483 PMCID: PMC7330629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4234632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box (FOXA) family of transcription factors regulates gene expression and chromatin structure during tumorigenesis and embryonic development. Until now, the relationship between FOXA1 and the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not yet been reported. Therefore, our purpose is to analyze the expression of FOXA1 in 56 NPC patients compared to 10 normal nasopharyngeal mucosae and to correlate the expression with the clinicopathological features. Besides, we investigated the association between FOXA1 and LMP1 gene expression, as well as the EMT markers namely the E-cadherin and Twist1. Among 56 NPC tissues, 34 (60.7%) cases were positive for FOXA1. Furthermore, we noticed that FOXA1 expression correlated with TNM (p = 0.037), and age at diagnosis (p = 0.05). Moreover, positive expression of FOXA1 is likely to be associated with prolonged disease-free survival and overall survival rates. On the other hand, we observed a positive association between the expression of E-cadherin and FOXA1 (p = 0.0051) whereas Twist1 correlated negatively with FOXA1 (p = 0.004). Furthermore, knowing that LMP1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NPC, we explored the association of FOXA1 with the LMP1 gene expression in both NPC cell lines and tissues. We found that, in the C666-1 which displays low levels of LMP1, the expression of FOXA1 is high, and inversely in the C15 cell line that expresses a high level of LMP1, the level of FOXA1 is low. Besides, in accordance to our results, we found that in NPC tissues there is a negative association between LMP1 and FOXA1. In conclusion, our results suggest that the overexpression of FOXA1 is associated with a nonaggressive behavior and favorable prognosis in NPC patients. FOXA1 could contribute in the EMT process through key factors as E-cadherin, Twist1, and LMP1.
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11
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Androgen receptor and FOXA1 coexpression define a "luminal-AR" subtype of feline mammary carcinomas, spontaneous models of breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1267. [PMID: 31888566 PMCID: PMC6937649 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive mammary carcinomas that spontaneously develop in female cats are associated with high mortality, and resemble the most aggressive human breast cancers, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Transcriptome studies showed that TNBCs are a heterogeneous group that includes a potentially hormone-dependent subtype named luminal-AR. Some authors proposed an immunohistochemical definition of the luminal-AR subtype, which is not only positive for Androgen Receptor (AR), but also either positive for the transcription factor Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), or negative for basal markers. The objectives of this study were to describe AR and FOXA1 expressions in feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs), their prognostic value, and if their coexpression could define a “luminal-AR” subtype of triple-negative mammary carcinomas in cats. Methods In a previously described retrospective cohort of 180 female cats with FMCs, with a 2-year follow-up post-mastectomy, we assessed AR, FOXA1, ER, PR, Ki-67, HER2, and CK14 expressions by automated immunohistochemistry. Results Of the 180 FMCs, 57 (32%) were luminal; i.e., ER and/or PR positive, and 123 (68%) were triple-negative (ER–, PR– and HER2–) FMCs. AR overexpression (found in 33 cases/180, 18%) and FOXA1 index ≥1% (64/180, 36%) were associated with a longer disease-free interval, overall survival, and cancer-specific survival in cats with FMC. Analysis of AR, FOXA1 and CK14 coexpression in triple-negative FMCs showed that AR+ triple-negative FMCs were heterogeneous: there existed an AR+ FOXA1+ CK14– subgroup (n = 7) associated with a better cancer-specific survival by multivariate survival analysis (HR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07–0.89, p = 0.03) compared to AR+ FOXA1–CK14+ triple-negative FMCs (n = 46) (HR = 1.00), independently of the pathologic tumor size and pathologic nodal stage. The non-basal-like subtype of triple-negative FMCs that coexpresses AR and FOXA1 (the AR+ FOXA1+ CK14– subgroup) could represent the equivalent of the luminal-AR subgroup of human triple-negative breast cancer. Conclusions We identified an AR+ FOXA1+ CK14– subgroup of triple-negative FMCs that might correspond to the luminal-AR subgroup of human triple-negative breast cancers. Cats with FMC may be interesting spontaneous animal models to investigate new strategies targeting the androgen receptor, especially in the aggressive subtype of AR+ basal-like triple-negative mammary carcinomas with loss of FOXA1 expression (the AR+ FOXA1–CK14+ subgroup).
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12
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Joseph C, Al-Izzi S, Alsaleem M, Kurozumi S, Toss MS, Arshad M, Goh FQ, Alshankyty IM, Aleskandarany MA, Ali S, Ellis IO, Mongan NP, Green AR, Rakha EA. Retinoid X receptor gamma (RXRG) is an independent prognostic biomarker in ER-positive invasive breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:776-785. [PMID: 31558802 PMCID: PMC6889395 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid X Receptor Gamma (RXRG) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and plays a role in tumour suppression. This study aims to explore the prognostic significance of RXRG in breast cancer. METHODS Primary breast cancer tissue microarrays (n = 923) were immuno-stained for RXRG protein and correlated with clinicopathological features, and patient outcome. RESULTS Nuclear RXRG expression was significantly associated with smaller tumour size (p = 0.036), lower grade (p < 0.001), lobular histology (p = 0.016), lower Nottingham Prognostic Index (p = 0.04) and longer breast cancer-specific survival (p < 0.001), and longer time to distant metastasis (p = 0.002). RXRG expression showed positive association with oestrogen receptor (ER)-related biomarkers: GATA3, FOXA1, STAT3 and MED7 (all p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with the Ki67 proliferation marker. Multivariate analysis demonstrated RXRG protein as an independent predictor of longer breast cancer-specific survival and distant metastasis-free survival. In the external validation cohorts, RXRG expression was associated with improved patients' outcome (p = 0.025). In ER-positive tumours, high expression of RXRG was associated with better patient outcome regardless of adjuvant systemic therapy. ER signalling pathway was the top predicted master regulator of RXRG protein expression (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the prognostic value of RXRG in breast cancer particularly the ER-positive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Joseph
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sara Al-Izzi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael S Toss
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Maariya Arshad
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fang Qin Goh
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ibraheem M Alshankyty
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Simak Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Cancer Biology and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. .,Histopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt.
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13
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Zhang S, Bai L, Chen Q, Ren Y, Zhang K, Wu Q, Huang H, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu Y. Identification of the O-GalNAcylation site(s) on FOXA1 catalyzed by ppGalNAc-T2 enzyme in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:157-165. [PMID: 31029427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
FOXA1 functions as a pioneer factor of transcriptional regulation that binds to specific sites in the chromatin and recruits other transcription factors, promoting the initiation of gene transcription and mediating the regulation of downstream target gene expression. FOXA1 was reported to facilitate or reprogram ERα binding, thus playing a key function in breast cancer progression. Our previous results indicated that the O-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) modification of FOXA1 plays a potentially significant role in the ERα transcription network. However, further investigations are needed to identify the specific mechanism of modification and the specific glycosylation sites on FOXA1. In this study, we first suggested that FOXA1 could be O-GalNAcylated by ppGalNAc-T2 in vitro. By dividing and expressing recombinant FOXA1 as three segments, two O-GalNAcylation sites were found on FOXA1, both located at the C-terminal of the protein. Then, synthesized peptides, including the predicted O-GalNAc sites in the C-terminus of FOXA1, were used in a vitro reaction, and peptides mutated at the predicted O-GalNAc sites were employed as controls. Through an ESI-MS assay, S354 and S355 were identified as probable O-GalNAcylation sites on FOXA1. Additionally, we performed ESI-ETD-MS/MS analysis of the full-length O-GalNAcylated FOXA1 protein and identified S355 as the O-GalNAc modification site on FOXA1, consistent with the peptide reaction. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that FOXA1 can be O-GalNAcylated by ppGalNAc-T2 at S355 in vitro. These results will provide new insights for studying the role of O-GalNAcylation in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Lijuan Bai
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Qiushi Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keren Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Huang Huang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Wenli Li
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine (SCSB), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
| | - Yubo Liu
- School of Life Science & Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China.
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14
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Dai X, Cheng H, Chen X, Li T, Zhang J, Jin G, Cai D, Huang Z. FOXA1 is Prognostic of Triple Negative Breast Cancers by Transcriptionally Suppressing SOD2 and IL6. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1030-1041. [PMID: 31182923 PMCID: PMC6535797 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.31009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Having markers feasible for breast cancer subtyping, especially for triple negative breast cancer identification is crucial for improving the treatment outcome of such cancers. Here we explore the role of FOXA1 in characterizing triple negative breast cancers and the driving mechanisms. Through in vitro examination of the expression pattern at both transcriptional and translational levels, patient relapse-free survival analysis, immunohistochemistry staining and prediction power assessment using clinical samples, as well as functional studies, we systematically compared the role of FOXA1 in identifying triple negative and luminal type of breast cancers and explored the mechanisms driving such functionalities. We report that FOXA1 under-expression can lead to increased malignancy and cancer stemness, and is a subtyping marker identifying triple negative breast cancers rather than the luminal subtype by transcriptionally suppressing the expression of SOD2 and IL6. We are the first to systematically address the significance of FOXA1 in triple negative breast cancer identification as a biomarker and elucidate the mechanism at the molecular level, through a sequential bioinformatics analysis and experimental validations both in vitro and in clinics. Our discoveries compliment the current biomarker modalities once verified using larger clinical cohorts and improve the precision on characterizing breast cancer heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongye Cheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guoyin Jin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dongyan Cai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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15
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Utility of ankyrin 3 as a prognostic marker in androgen-receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 176:63-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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BenAyed-Guerfali D, Dabbèche-Bouricha E, Ayadi W, Trifa F, Charfi S, Khabir A, Sellami-Boudawara T, Mokdad-Gargouri R. Association of FOXA1 and EMT markers (Twist1 and E-cadherin) in breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3247-3255. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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De Lara S, Nyqvist J, Werner Rönnerman E, Helou K, Kenne Sarenmalm E, Einbeigi Z, Karlsson P, Parris TZ, Kovács A. The prognostic relevance of FOXA1 and Nestin expression in breast cancer metastases: a retrospective study of 164 cases during a 10-year period (2004-2014). BMC Cancer 2019; 19:187. [PMID: 30819139 PMCID: PMC6394077 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current prognostic markers cannot adequately predict the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. Therefore, additional biomarkers need to be included in routine immune panels. FOXA1 was a significant predictor of favorable outcome in primary breast cancer, while Nestin expression is preferentially found in triple-negative tumors with increased rate of nodal metastases, and reduced survival. No studies have investigated the prognostic value of FOXA1 and Nestin expression in breast cancer metastases. Methods Breast cancer metastases (n = 164) from various anatomical sites were retrospectively analyzed by immunohistochemistry for FOXA1, Nestin and GATA3 expression. Cox regression analysis assessed the prognostic value of FOXA1 and Nestin expression. Results In breast cancer metastases, FOXA1 expression was associated with Nestin-negativity, GATA3-positivity, ER-positivity, HER2-positivity and non-triple-negative status (P < 0.05). In contrast, Nestin expression was associated with FOXA1-negative, GATA3-negative, ER-negative, and triple-negative metastases (P < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed FOXA1 expression was predictive of overall survival (OS, P = 0.00048) and metastasis-free survival (DMFS, P = 0.0011), as well as, distant metastasis-free survival in ER-positive patients (P = 0.036) and overall survival in ER-negative patients (P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis confirmed the significance of FOXA1 for both survival endpoints in metastatic breast cancer patients (OS, P = 0.0033; DMFS, P = 0.015). Conclusions In our study, FOXA1 was expressed mostly in ER-positive breast cancer metastases. Expression of Nestin was related to triple-negative metastases, where brain was the most frequent metastatic site. These findings highlight the clinical utility of FOXA1 and Nestin expression and warrant their inclusion in routine immunohistochemical panels for breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin De Lara
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula stråket 8, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyqvist
- Department of Surgery, Skaraborgs Hospital, Lidköping and Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Werner Rönnerman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula stråket 8, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Zakaria Einbeigi
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gula stråket 8, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Urano M, Hirai H, Tada Y, Kawakita D, Shimura T, Tsukahara K, Kano S, Ozawa H, Okami K, Sato Y, Fushimi C, Shimizu A, Takase S, Okada T, Sato H, Imanishi Y, Otsuka K, Watanabe Y, Sakai A, Ebisumoto K, Togashi T, Ueki Y, Ota H, Sato Y, Saigusa N, Nakaguro M, Hanazawa T, Nagao T. The high expression of FOXA1 is correlated with a favourable prognosis in salivary duct carcinomas: a study of 142 cases. Histopathology 2018; 73:943-952. [PMID: 29993139 DOI: 10.1111/his.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an uncommon, aggressive tumour that, histologically, resembles high-grade mammary ductal carcinoma, and is characterised by the expression of androgen receptor (AR). The androgen signalling pathway, a potential therapeutic target, can be regulated by FOXA1. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological implications of FOXA1 in SDC. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the relationship between the immunoexpression of FOXA1 and FOXA1 mutations and clinicopathological factors, including the biomarker status and clinical outcome, in 142 SDCs. FOXA1 was expressed in 128 SDCs (90.1%); the immunoexpression was heterogeneous. SDCs with a higher FOXA1 labelling index (LI) (≥20%) more frequently showed less advanced tumors on T classification (P = 0.002). FOXA1 LI was correlated positively with the AR expression value (r = 0.430, P < 0.001). PI3K and p-mTOR positivity, and intact-PTEN, were associated with a higher FOXA1 LI. Twenty-two of 121 SDCs (18.2%) harboured FOXA1 gene mutations at the flanking regions in and around the forkhead DNA binding domain; however, the given gene mutation and the expression of FOXA1 were not significantly correlated. A multivariate analysis revealed that SDCs with a higher FOXA1 LI were associated with longer overall survival and progression-free survival (P = 0.029 and 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In SDC, FOXA1, which may biologically interact with the AR and PI3K signalling pathways, is a putative biomarker that may be associated with a favourable prognosis. Further studies are needed to apply the findings to the development of targeted personalised therapy for patients with SDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Urano
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hirai
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawakita
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Shimura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Tsukahara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Okami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chihiro Fushimi
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Takase
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuro Okada
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yorihisa Imanishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuninori Otsuka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Koji Ebisumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takafumi Togashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yushi Ueki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ota
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sato
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Saigusa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaguro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Hanazawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nagao
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Rangel N, Fortunati N, Osella-Abate S, Annaratone L, Isella C, Catalano MG, Rinella L, Metovic J, Boldorini R, Balmativola D, Ferrando P, Marano F, Cassoni P, Sapino A, Castellano I. FOXA1 and AR in invasive breast cancer: new findings on their co-expression and impact on prognosis in ER-positive patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:703. [PMID: 29970021 PMCID: PMC6029370 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of forkhead-box A1 (FOXA1) and Androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer (BC) has been extensively studied. However, the prognostic role of their co-expression in Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC has not been investigated so far. The aim of the present study was thus to assess the co-expression (protein and mRNA) of FOXA1 and AR in BC patients, in order to evaluate their prognostic impact according to ER status. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of AR and FOXA1 was evaluated on 479 consecutive BC, with complete clinical-pathological and follow up data. Fresh-frozen tissues from 65 cases were available. The expression of AR and FOXA1 with ER was validated using mRNA analyses. Survival and Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between FOXA1, AR and prognosis. Results Expression of ER, AR and FOXA1 was observed in 78, 60 and 85% of cases respectively. Most AR+ cases (97%) were also FOXA1+. The level of FOXA1 mRNA positively correlated with level of both AR mRNA (r = 0.8975; P < 0.001) and ER mRNA (r = 0.7326; P < 0.001). In ER+ BC, FOXA1 was associated with a good prognosis independently of AR expression in the three subgroups analyzed (FOXA1+/AR+; FOXA1+/AR-; FOXA1−/AR-). Multivariate analyses confirmed that FOXA1 may provide more information than AR in Disease-Free Interval (DFI) of ER+ BC patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that in BC the expression of FOXA1 is directly related to the expression of AR. Despite that, FOXA1 is found as superior predicting marker of recurrences compared to AR in ER+ BC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4624-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Rangel
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Natural and Mathematical Sciences Faculty, University of the Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicoletta Fortunati
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Osella-Abate
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Letizia Rinella
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Jasna Metovic
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Division of Pathology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont and Maggiore Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Ferrando
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Marano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Isabella Castellano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 7, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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20
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Godone RLN, Leitão GM, Araújo NB, Castelletti CHM, Lima-Filho JL, Martins DBG. Clinical and molecular aspects of breast cancer: Targets and therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:14-34. [PMID: 29945114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer is a complex disease characterized by the occurrence of multiple molecular alterations. Currently, some molecular markers are in use for breast cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes. Thus, genetic signatures are available for improving the decision-making. The biomarkers are also essential as therapeutic approaches, but many questions remain due to the lack of efficacy on breast cancer treatment, mainly for triple-negative breast cancer subtype. Since the genetic profile of breast cancer can also be related to different ethnic groups and geographic areas, the reference populations of the genetic assays and clinical trials need to include a broader population beyond the European and North American patients. In this review, we analyzed the current and potential molecular markers that could help to improve the strategies for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L N Godone
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil
| | - G M Leitão
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil; Clinical Hospital of Pernambuco - Professor Romero Marques, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil
| | - N B Araújo
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil
| | - C H M Castelletti
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil; Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J L Lima-Filho
- Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil
| | - D B G Martins
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil.
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21
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Jiang S, Chen W, Lou J, Ke J, Li J, Zhu Y, Gong Y, Yang Y, Tian J, Peng X, Zou D, Gong J, Chang J, Miao X, Zhong R. A functional variant rs4442975 modulating FOXA1-binding affinity does not influence the risk or progression of breast cancer in Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2018; 7:81691-81697. [PMID: 27835577 PMCID: PMC5348423 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-binding protein FOXA1 has been shown to regulate nearly all estrogen receptor-chromatin interactions, thereby influencing target gene expression levels in breast cancer (BC) cells. Recently, the rs4442975 T-allele, which disrupts the recruitment of FOXA1 and interacts with the IGFBP5 promoter, was associated to BC susceptibility in a European population. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study that included 1227 cases and 1285 controls to explore the potential association between rs4442975 and BC risk in Chinese Han population, and the effect of this SNP on BC progression was also observed in cases. No significant associations between rs4442975 and BC risk were observed under any genetic models, with an odds ratio of 0.96 (95% confidence interval = 0.81-1.15) under the additive model. When stratified based on estrogen or progesterone receptor expression, smoking or drinking habits, or menopausal status, similar negative associations were observed for all subgroups. No significant associations were observed between rs4442975 and traditional progression factors such as tumor size, nodal status, distant metastasis, or TNM staging. These results reveal that rs4442975 may not confer a risk of BC occurrence or progression in the Chinese Han population, which indicates a distinct association related to genetic heterogeneity across ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shaojie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jing Zhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.,Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Control, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiao Lou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Juntao Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiaoyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yajie Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jianbo Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiating Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Danyi Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jing Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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22
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Tsourlakis MC, Eleftheriadou A, Stender A, Weigand P, Grupp K, Hube-Magg C, Kluth M, Schroeder C, Steurer S, Hinsch A, Luebke A, Angerer A, Wittmer C, Friedrich E, Göbel C, Büscheck F, Heinzer H, Graefen M, Simon R, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Minner S, Schlomm T, Jacobsen F. FOXA1 expression is a strong independent predictor of early PSA recurrence in ERG negative prostate cancers treated by radical prostatectomy. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:1180-1187. [PMID: 29029032 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXA1 (Fork-head box protein A1, HNF-3a) is a transcription factor involved in androgen signaling with relevance for lineage-specific gene expression of the prostate. The expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing 11152 prostate cancer specimens. Results were compared with tumor phenotype, biochemical recurrence, androgen receptor expression, ETS-related gene (ERG) status and other recurrent genomic alterations. FOXA1 expression was detectable in 97.6% of 8227 interpretable cancers and considered strong in 28.5%, moderate in 46.2% and weak in 22.9% of cases. High FOXA1 expression was associated with TMPRSS2:ERG rearrangement and ERG expression (P < 0.0001). High FOXA1 expression was linked to high Gleason grade, advanced pathological tumor (pT) stage and early PSA recurrence in ERG negative cancers (P < 0.0001), while these associations were either weak or absent in ERG positive cancers. In ERG negative cancers, the prognostic role of FOXA1 expression was independent of Gleason grade, pathological tumor stage, lymph node stage, surgical margin status and preoperative PSA. Independent prognostic value became even more evident if the analysis was limited to preoperatively available features such as biopsy Gleason grade, preoperative PSA, cT stage and FOXA1 expression (P < 0.0001). Within ERG negative cancers, FOXA1 expression was also strongly associated with PTEN and 5q21 deletions (P < 0.0001). High expression of FOXA1 is an independent prognostic parameter in ERG negative prostate cancer. Thus, FOXA1 measurement might provide clinically useful information in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agapi Eleftheriadou
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Annegret Stender
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Weigand
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Grupp
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schroeder
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Angerer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Emily Friedrich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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23
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Park S, Koh E, Koo JS, Kim SI, Park BW, Kim KS. Lack of both androgen receptor and forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) expression is a poor prognostic factor in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82940-82955. [PMID: 29137314 PMCID: PMC5669940 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the associations between androgen receptor (AR) and forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) and to investigate clinicopathological features and survival according to both biomarker status in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers using in vitro study, patient cohort data, and the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics and Kaplan-Meier Plotter websites. Experiments using T47D and ZR75-1 demonstrated AR-overexpressing cell lines decreased in cell proliferation through downregulation of ER, but FOXA1 did not change. Knockdown of FOXA1 resulted in a significantly reduced cell viability. Patients with immunohistochemically AR(-)/FOXA1(-) tumor frequently showed node metastasis, high grade, and high Ki-67 proliferation, therefore, significantly worse survival in ER-positive disease. AR and FOXA1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in ER-positive than in ER-negative tumors and AR-low/FOXA1-low tumors showed high grade, frequent basal-like subtype and worse disease-free survival in ER-positive cancers of public gene dataset, similarly to patient cohort results. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis independently validated patients with both low AR/FOXA1 tumor were significantly associated with worse relapse-free survival in ER-positive cancers. This study suggests that distinctive clinicopathological features according to AR and FOXA1 are determined and a lack of both biomarkers is an independent poor prognostic factor in ER-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seho Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Frontier Research Institute of Convergence Sports Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Koh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Science, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Woo Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetic Science, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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24
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Abstract
Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. They regulate diverse biological processes both during development and throughout adult life. Mutations in many Fox genes are associated with human disease and, as such, various animal models have been generated to study the function of these transcription factors in mechanistic detail. In many cases, the absence of even a single Fox transcription factor is lethal. In this Primer, we provide an overview of the Fox family, highlighting several key Fox transcription factor families that are important for mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Golson
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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25
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Patel H, Abduljabbar R, Lai CF, Periyasamy M, Harrod A, Gemma C, Steel JH, Patel N, Busonero C, Jerjees D, Remenyi J, Smith S, Gomm JJ, Magnani L, Győrffy B, Jones LJ, Fuller-Pace F, Shousha S, Buluwela L, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Coombes RC, Ali S. Expression of CDK7, Cyclin H, and MAT1 Is Elevated in Breast Cancer and Is Prognostic in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5929-5938. [PMID: 27301701 PMCID: PMC5293170 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CDK-activating kinase (CAK) is required for the regulation of the cell cycle and is a trimeric complex consisting of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), Cyclin H, and the accessory protein, MAT1. CDK7 also plays a critical role in regulating transcription, primarily by phosphorylating RNA polymerase II, as well as transcription factors such as estrogen receptor-α (ER). Deregulation of cell cycle and transcriptional control are general features of tumor cells, highlighting the potential for the use of CDK7 inhibitors as novel cancer therapeutics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN mRNA and protein expression of CDK7 and its essential cofactors cyclin H and MAT1 were evaluated in breast cancer samples to determine if their levels are altered in cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of >900 breast cancers was used to determine the association with clinicopathologic features and patient outcome. RESULTS We show that expressions of CDK7, cyclin H, and MAT1 are all closely linked at the mRNA and protein level, and their expression is elevated in breast cancer compared with the normal breast tissue. Intriguingly, CDK7 expression was inversely proportional to tumor grade and size, and outcome analysis showed an association between CAK levels and better outcome. Moreover, CDK7 expression was positively associated with ER expression and in particular with phosphorylation of ER at serine 118, a site important for ER transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Expressions of components of the CAK complex, CDK7, MAT1, and Cyclin H are elevated in breast cancer and correlate with ER. Like ER, CDK7 expression is inversely proportional to poor prognostic factors and survival. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5929-38. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal Patel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rezvan Abduljabbar
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Fui Lai
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manikandan Periyasamy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Harrod
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Gemma
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naina Patel
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Busonero
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dena Jerjees
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Remenyi
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Smith
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J Gomm
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Magnani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Louise J Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Fuller-Pace
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Shousha
- Department of Histopathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Laki Buluwela
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simak Ali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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26
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Guiu S, Charon-Barra C, Vernerey D, Fumoleau P, Campone M, Spielmann M, Roché H, Mesleard C, Arnould L, Lemonnier J, Lacroix-Triki M. Coexpression of androgen receptor and FOXA1 in nonmetastatic triple-negative breast cancer: ancillary study from PACS08 trial. Future Oncol 2016; 11:2283-97. [PMID: 26260807 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Microarray studies identified a subgroup of molecular apocrine tumors (estrogen receptor [ER] negative/androgen receptor [AR] positive) that express luminal genes including FOXA1. FOXA1 may direct AR to sites normally occupied by ER in luminal tumors, inducing an estrogen-like gene program that stimulated proliferation. MATERIALS & METHODS Expression of AR and FOXA1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 592 patients with nonmetastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). RESULTS Coexpression of AR and FOXA1 was found in 15.2% of patients. These tumors were more frequently lobular, found in older patients and exhibited a lower nuclear grade and a greater degree of node involvement. They less often exhibited lymphocytic infiltrate, pushing margins, syncytial architecture, central fibrosis or necrosis. CONCLUSION TNBC with coexpression of AR and FOXA1 seems to behave like luminal tumors with a morphological profile distinct from other TNBC. These biomarkers could be useful to identify a subgroup of TNBC and could have future therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Guiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Céline Charon-Barra
- Department of Pathology, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Déwi Vernerey
- Methodological and Quality of Life in Oncology Unit, EA 3181, University Hospital of Besançon, 2 place Saint-Jacques, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Pierre Fumoleau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Mario Campone
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO Centre René Gauducheau, boulevard Jacques Monod, 44805 Saint Herblain, France
| | - Marc Spielmann
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Henri Roché
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Régaud, 20/24 Rue du Pont Saint Pierre, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Laurent Arnould
- Department of Pathology, Georges-François Leclerc Cancer Center, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Magali Lacroix-Triki
- Department of Pathology, Institut Claudius Régaud, 20/24 rue du Pont Saint Pierre, 31300 Toulouse, France
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He K, Zeng H, Xu X, Li A, Cai Q, Long X. Clinicopathological significance of forkhead box protein A1 in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2525-2530. [PMID: 27284343 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between the expression of forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) and differential clinicopathological characteristics in breast cancer using a meta-analysis method. Eligible studies that investigated the correlation between FOXA1 expression and the clinical characteristics of breast cancer were collected through searching numerous databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and the VIP database. In total, eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Following a systematic analysis, the expression of FOXA1 was found to be significantly associated with the estrogen receptor α status, the progesterone receptor status, lymph node metastasis and the histological grade in breast cancer. However, no statistically significant association was observed between FOXA1 expression and the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xianqun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Anling Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- TCM Clinical Skills Training Center, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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28
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Skerry B, Wang X, Colin-Cassin C, Radisky DC, Kaestner KH, Li Z. Foxa1 is essential for mammary duct formation. Genesis 2016; 54:277-85. [PMID: 26919034 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) plays a critical role in the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, particularly estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive luminal breast cancer cells. However, genetic studies of the requirement for Foxa1 in mammary tumor formation in mice have been hampered by the lack of a conditional gene ablation. We examined three mouse models of mammary-specific ablation of Foxa1 in ductal epithelial cells to identify the best system for complete and mammary-specific ablation of Foxa1. We found that MMTV-Cre and MMTV-rtTA;Tet-On-Cre led to partial deletion of Foxa1 and attenuated mammary duct formation, whereas Krt14-Cre led to complete ablation of Foxa1 and abolished mammary duct formation, in Foxa1(loxP/loxP) mice. These results demonstrate that Foxa1 is essential for mammary duct formation, and reveal a series of mouse models in which mammary expression of Foxa1 can be attenuated or completely blocked. Our study also suggests a potentially powerful model for complete ablation of Foxa1 in mammary epithelial cells using Krt14-driven Cre expression in an inducible manner, such as Krt14-rtTA;Tet-On-Cre. This model system will facilitate further in vivo functional studies of Foxa1 or other factors in mammary gland development and tumor formation and progression. genesis 54:277-285, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Yongbing Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Benjamin Skerry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Prognostic value of FOXA1 in breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast 2016; 27:35-43. [PMID: 27212698 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite some published papers analyzing the prognostic role of forkhead-box A1 (FOXA1) in breast cancer, it has not yet been considered as an established prognostic factor in clinical practice. The present meta-analysis evaluated the prognostic value of FOXA1 in breast cancer. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched for relevant published literature that evaluated the correlation between FOXA1 and breast cancer. Either a fixed or random effect model was applied to estimate the pooled hazard ratio (HR) for FOXA1 prognosis in breast cancer. RESULT A total of nine articles comprising 6386 breast cancer patients met the inclusion criteria. Among these nine studies, five studies and four studies investigated the prognostic association with disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS), respectively. Meta-analysis results suggested that high FOXA1 expression was positively associated with DFS (pooled HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.23-0.81; P < 0.05) and OS (pooled HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26-0.60; P < 0.05) in breast cancer patients. No publication bias was discovered by Begg's test in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The results from this meta-analysis indicated that elevated FOXA1 expression level was associated with better outcome in breast cancer.
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Tachi K, Shiraishi A, Bando H, Yamashita T, Tsuboi I, Kato T, Hara H, Ohneda O. FOXA1 expression affects the proliferation activity of luminal breast cancer stem cell populations. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:281-9. [PMID: 26708273 PMCID: PMC4814260 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of estrogen receptor is the key in most breast cancers (BC) and binding of estrogen receptor to the genome correlates to Forkhead protein (FOXA1) expression. We herein assessed the correlation between the cancer stem cell (CSC) population and FOXA1 expression in luminal BC. We established luminal BC cells derived from metastatic pleural effusion and analyzed the potency of CSC and related factors with established luminal BC cell lines. We also confirmed that mammosphere cultures have an increased aldehyde dehydrogenase‐positive population, which is one of the CSC markers, compared with adherent culture cells. Using a quantitative PCR analysis, we found that mammosphere forming cells showed a higher expression of FOXA1 and stemness‐related genes compared with adherent culture cells. Furthermore, the growth activity and colony‐forming activity of 4‐hydroxytamoxifen‐treated BC cells were inhibited in a mammosphere assay. Interestingly, 4‐hydroxytamoxifen‐resistant cells had significantly increased FOXA1 gene expression levels. Finally, we established short hairpin RNA of FOXA1 (shFOXA1) MCF‐7 cells and investigated the relationship between self‐renewal potential and FOXA1 expression. As a result, we found no significant difference in the number of mammospheres but decreased colony formation in shFOXA1 MCF‐7 cells compared with control. These results suggest that the expression of FOXA1 appears to be involved in the proliferation of immature BC cells rather than the induction of stemness‐related genes and self‐renewal potency of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Tachi
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Bando
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Endocrine Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamashita
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ikki Tsuboi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kato
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Grobal Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisato Hara
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Endocrine Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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31
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Lin M, Shi C, Lin X, Pan J, Shen S, Xu Z, Chen Q. sMicroRNA-1290 inhibits cells proliferation and migration by targeting FOXA1 in gastric cancer cells. Gene 2016; 582:137-42. [PMID: 26851540 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world with high mortality rate due to the lack of markers in early detection and effective therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a critical part of epigenetic regulations in tumor, have been shown to be closely related to the initiation, development, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of gastric cancer. The present study aims to investigate the expression of miR-1290 in gastric tumor cells and to elucidate the target gene of miR-1290 in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. METHODOLOGY The fluorescence in situ hybridization, real time PCR and Western blot were used to investigate the expression of miR-1290 in gastric tumor cells and clinical gastric tumor samples. The effect of miR-1290 expression on gastric tumor cells was studied using Synthetic miR-1290 inhibitor transfection, in vitro wound healing assay and flow cytometry analysis. Bioinformatics and Luciferase reporter assay were used to predict and validate the target gene of miR-1290. RESULTS Our results revealed that miR-1290 was highly expressed in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells as well as in clinical gastric cancer samples, which was correlated with clinical stages, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. Synthetic miR-1290 inhibitor transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of SGC-7901 cells. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-1290 functioned in gastric cancer cells by targeting FOXA1 gene. CONCLUSION miR-1290 promotes gastric tumor cells proliferation and metastasis through FOXA1, which could be used as a marker for diagnosis and a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Lin
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350001, China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350001, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350001, China
| | - Songfei Shen
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350001, China
| | - Zongbin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350001, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350001, China.
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Ciriello G, Gatza ML, Beck AH, Wilkerson MD, Rhie SK, Pastore A, Zhang H, McLellan M, Yau C, Kandoth C, Bowlby R, Shen H, Hayat S, Fieldhouse R, Lester SC, Tse GMK, Factor RE, Collins LC, Allison KH, Chen YY, Jensen K, Johnson NB, Oesterreich S, Mills GB, Cherniack AD, Robertson G, Benz C, Sander C, Laird PW, Hoadley KA, King TA, Perou CM. Comprehensive Molecular Portraits of Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer. Cell 2016; 163:506-19. [PMID: 26451490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1298] [Impact Index Per Article: 162.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most prevalent histologic subtype of invasive breast cancer. Here, we comprehensively profiled 817 breast tumors, including 127 ILC, 490 ductal (IDC), and 88 mixed IDC/ILC. Besides E-cadherin loss, the best known ILC genetic hallmark, we identified mutations targeting PTEN, TBX3, and FOXA1 as ILC enriched features. PTEN loss associated with increased AKT phosphorylation, which was highest in ILC among all breast cancer subtypes. Spatially clustered FOXA1 mutations correlated with increased FOXA1 expression and activity. Conversely, GATA3 mutations and high expression characterized luminal A IDC, suggesting differential modulation of ER activity in ILC and IDC. Proliferation and immune-related signatures determined three ILC transcriptional subtypes associated with survival differences. Mixed IDC/ILC cases were molecularly classified as ILC-like and IDC-like revealing no true hybrid features. This multidimensional molecular atlas sheds new light on the genetic bases of ILC and provides potential clinical options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Suhn K Rhie
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Alessandro Pastore
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hailei Zhang
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Michael McLellan
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Christina Yau
- Buck Institute For Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Cyriac Kandoth
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Reanne Bowlby
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4S6, Canada
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Sikander Hayat
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Robert Fieldhouse
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Susan C Lester
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rachel E Factor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Laura C Collins
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kimberly H Allison
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kristin Jensen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, 94304, CA, USA
| | - Nicole B Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77230, USA
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z4S6, Canada
| | | | - Chris Sander
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Peter W Laird
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tari A King
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Charles M Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Gong C, Fujino K, Monteiro LJ, Gomes AR, Drost R, Davidson-Smith H, Takeda S, Khoo US, Jonkers J, Sproul D, Lam EWF. FOXA1 repression is associated with loss of BRCA1 and increased promoter methylation and chromatin silencing in breast cancer. Oncogene 2015; 34:5012-24. [PMID: 25531315 PMCID: PMC4430311 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FOXA1 expression correlates with the breast cancer luminal subtype and patient survival. RNA and protein analysis of a panel of breast cancer cell lines revealed that BRCA1 deficiency is associated with the downregulation of FOXA1 expression. Knockdown of BRCA1 resulted in the downregulation of FOXA1 expression and enhancement of FOXA1 promoter methylation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, whereas the reconstitution of BRCA1 in Brca1-deficent mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs) promoted Foxa1 expression and methylation. These data suggest that BRCA1 suppresses FOXA1 hypermethylation and silencing. Consistently, the treatment of MMECs with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycitydine induced Foxa1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, treatment with GSK126, an inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity, induced FOXA1 expression in BRCA1-deficient but not in BRCA1-reconstituted MMECs. Likewise, the depletion of EZH2 by small interfering RNA enhanced FOXA1 mRNA expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis demonstrated that BRCA1, EZH2, DNA methyltransferases (DNMT)1/3a/3b and H3K27me3 are recruited to the endogenous FOXA1 promoter, further supporting the hypothesis that these proteins interact to modulate FOXA1 methylation and repression. Further co-immunoprecipitation and ChIP analysis showed that both BRCA1 and DNMT3b form complexes with EZH2 but not with each other, consistent with the notion that BRCA1 binds to EZH2 and negatively regulates its methyltransferase activity. We also found that EZH2 promotes and BRCA1 impairs the deposit of the gene silencing histone mark H3K27me3 on the FOXA1 promoter. These associations were validated in a familial breast cancer patient cohort. Integrated analysis of the global gene methylation and expression profiles of a set of 33 familial breast tumours revealed that FOXA1 promoter methylation is inversely correlated with the transcriptional expression of FOXA1 and that BRCA1 mutation breast cancer is significantly associated with FOXA1 methylation and downregulation of FOXA1 expression, providing physiological evidence to our findings that FOXA1 expression is regulated by methylation and chromatin silencing and that BRCA1 maintains FOXA1 expression through suppressing FOXA1 gene methylation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Fujino
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L J Monteiro
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - A R Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - R Drost
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Davidson-Smith
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - U S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Sproul
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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FOXA2 mRNA expression is associated with relapse in patients with Triple-Negative/Basal-like breast carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 153:465-74. [PMID: 26298189 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The FOXA family of transcription factors regulates chromatin structure and gene expression especially during embryonic development. In normal breast tissue FOXA1 acts throughout mammary development; whereas in breast carcinoma its expression promotes luminal phenotype and correlates with good prognosis. However, the role of FOXA2 has not been previously studied in breast cancer. Our purpose was to analyze the expression of FOXA2 in breast cancer cells, to explore its role in breast cancer stem cells, and to correlate its mRNA expression with clinicopathological features and outcome in a series of patients diagnosed with breast carcinoma. We analyzed FOXA2 mRNA expression in a retrospective cohort of 230 breast cancer patients and in cell lines. We also knocked down FOXA2 mRNA expression by siRNA to determine the impact on cell proliferation and mammospheres formation using a cancer stem cells culture assay. In vitro studies demonstrated higher FOXA2 mRNA expression in Triple-Negative/Basal-like cells. Further, when it was knocked down, cells decreased proliferation and its capability of forming mammospheres. Similarly, FOXA2 mRNA expression was detected in 10% (23/230) of the tumors, especially in Triple-Negative/Basal-like phenotype (p < 0.001, Fisher's test). Patients whose tumors expressed FOXA2 had increased relapses (59 vs. 79%, p = 0.024, log-rank test) that revealed an independent prognostic value (HR = 3.29, C.I.95% = 1.45-7.45, p = 0.004, Cox regression). Our results suggest that FOXA2 promotes cell proliferation, maintains cancer stem cells, favors the development of Triple-Negative/Basal-like tumors, and is associated with increase relapses.
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TFAP2C expression in breast cancer: correlation with overall survival beyond 10 years of initial diagnosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 152:519-31. [PMID: 26160249 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence and death in a significant number of patients with ERα-positive breast cancer occurs 10-20 years after diagnosis. Prognostic markers for late events have been more elusive. TFAP2C (AP2γ) regulates the expression of ERα, the ERα pioneer factors FOXA1 and GATA3, and controls ERα-dependent transcription. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the long-term prognostic value of TFAP2C. A tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of breast tumors from 451 patients with median follow-up time of 10.3 years was created and tested for the expression of TFAP2C by immunohistochemistry. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine if TFAP2C H-scores correlate with other tumor markers. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine whether TFAP2C H-scores and other tumor markers were related to overall and disease-free survival in univariate and multivariable models. TFPAC2 overexpression did not impact overall survival during the first 10 years after diagnosis, but was associated with a shorter survival after 10 years (HR 3.40, 95 % CI 1.58, 7.30; p value = 0.002). This late divergence persisted in ER-positive (HR 2.86, 95 % CI 1.29, 6.36; p value = 0.01) and endocrine therapy-positive subgroups (HR 4.19, 95 % CI 1.72, 10.23; p value = 0.002). For the ER+ and endocrine therapy subgroup, the HR was 3.82 (95 % CI 1.53, 9.50; p value = 0.004). TFAP2C H-scores were not correlated with other tumor markers or related to disease-free survival. In this hypothesis-generating study, we show that higher TFAP2C scores correlate with poor overall survival after 10 years of diagnosis in ERα-positive and endocrine therapy-treated subgroups.
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Milioli HH, Vimieiro R, Riveros C, Tishchenko I, Berretta R, Moscato P. The Discovery of Novel Biomarkers Improves Breast Cancer Intrinsic Subtype Prediction and Reconciles the Labels in the METABRIC Data Set. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129711. [PMID: 26132585 PMCID: PMC4488510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prediction of breast cancer intrinsic subtypes has been introduced as a valuable strategy to determine patient diagnosis and prognosis, and therapy response. The PAM50 method, based on the expression levels of 50 genes, uses a single sample predictor model to assign subtype labels to samples. Intrinsic errors reported within this assay demonstrate the challenge of identifying and understanding the breast cancer groups. In this study, we aim to: a) identify novel biomarkers for subtype individuation by exploring the competence of a newly proposed method named CM1 score, and b) apply an ensemble learning, as opposed to the use of a single classifier, for sample subtype assignment. The overarching objective is to improve class prediction. METHODS AND FINDINGS The microarray transcriptome data sets used in this study are: the METABRIC breast cancer data recorded for over 2000 patients, and the public integrated source from ROCK database with 1570 samples. We first computed the CM1 score to identify the probes with highly discriminative patterns of expression across samples of each intrinsic subtype. We further assessed the ability of 42 selected probes on assigning correct subtype labels using 24 different classifiers from the Weka software suite. For comparison, the same method was applied on the list of 50 genes from the PAM50 method. CONCLUSIONS The CM1 score portrayed 30 novel biomarkers for predicting breast cancer subtypes, with the confirmation of the role of 12 well-established genes. Intrinsic subtypes assigned using the CM1 list and the ensemble of classifiers are more consistent and homogeneous than the original PAM50 labels. The new subtypes show accurate distributions of current clinical markers ER, PR and HER2, and survival curves in the METABRIC and ROCK data sets. Remarkably, the paradoxical attribution of the original labels reinforces the limitations of employing a single sample classifiers to predict breast cancer intrinsic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Helena Milioli
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Renato Vimieiro
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Inna Tishchenko
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Regina Berretta
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- Priority Research Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Chiu YC, Wu CT, Hsiao TH, Lai YP, Hsiao C, Chen Y, Chuang EY. Co-modulation analysis of gene regulation in breast cancer reveals complex interplay between ESR1 and ERBB2 genes. BMC Genomics 2015; 16 Suppl 7:S19. [PMID: 26100352 PMCID: PMC4474423 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-16-s7-s19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene regulation is dynamic across cellular conditions and disease subtypes. From the aspect of regulation under modulation, regulation strength between a pair of genes can be modulated by (dependent on) expression abundance of another gene (modulator gene). Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of genes modulated by single modulator genes in cancers, including breast cancer. However, analysis of multi-modulator co-modulation that can further delineate the landscape of complex gene regulation is, to our knowledge, unexplored previously. In the present study we aim to explore the joint effects of multiple modulator genes in modulating global gene regulation and dissect the biological functions in breast cancer. RESULTS To carry out the analysis, we proposed the Covariability-based Multiple Regression (CoMRe) method. The method is mainly built on a multiple regression model that takes expression levels of multiple modulators as inputs and regulation strength between genes as output. Pairs of genes were divided into groups based on their co-modulation patterns. Analyzing gene expression profiles from 286 breast cancer patients, CoMRe investigated ten candidate modulator genes that interacted and jointly determined global gene regulation. Among the candidate modulators, ESR1, ERBB2, and ADAM12 were found modulating the most numbers of gene pairs. The largest group of gene pairs was composed of ones that were modulated by merely ESR1. Functional annotation revealed that the group was significantly related to tumorigenesis and estrogen signaling in breast cancer. ESR1-ERBB2 co-modulation was the largest group modulated by more than one modulators. Similarly, the group was functionally associated with hormone stimulus, suggesting that functions of the two modulators are performed, at least partially, through modulation. The findings were validated in majorities of patients (> 99%) of two independent breast cancer datasets. CONCLUSIONS We have showed CoMRe is a robust method to discover critical modulators in gene regulatory networks, and it is capable of achieving reproducible and biologically meaningful results. Our data reveal that gene regulatory networks modulated by single modulator or co-modulated by multiple modulators play important roles in breast cancer. Findings of this report illuminate complex and dynamic gene regulation under modulation and its involvement in breast cancer.
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Abduljabbar R, Al-Kaabi MM, Negm OH, Jerjees D, Muftah AA, Mukherjee A, Lai CF, Buluwela L, Ali S, Tighe PJ, Green A, Ellis I, Rakha E. Prognostic and biological significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in luminal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:511-22. [PMID: 25794775 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is an adopted orphan receptor that belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. PPARγ is regarded as a differentiation factor and it plays an important role in regulating adipogenesis, cell growth, proliferation and tumour progression. In breast cancer (BC), PPARγ agonists were reported to inhibit proliferation and growth invasion and promote phenotypic changes associated with a less malignant and more differentiated status. This study aims to assess the prognostic and biological roles of PPARγ protein expression in a large cohort of BC patients (n = 1100) with emphasis on the luminal oestrogen receptor (ER) positive class. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the levels of PPARγ expression in BC series prepared as tissue microarrays (TMAs). PPARγ antibody specificity was confirmed using Western blotting. PPARγ nuclear expression was detected in 79 % of the cases and its expression was positively correlated with the hormonal receptors (ER, progesterone receptor and androgen receptor). PPARγ levels were significantly higher in tumours with lobular subtype, smaller size and lower grade, while HER2-positive, ductal or medullary tumours were associated with lower PPARγ levels. Survival analysis showed that PPARγ is associated with better outcome in the whole series as well as in luminal ER-positive class. Cox regression model showed that PPARγ is an independent predictor of outcome. Higher PPARγ was associated with longer survival in patients with ER-positive tumours who did not receive hormone therapy. PPARγ is a good prognostic marker associated with hormone receptors. In patients with luminal BCs, PPARγ is a marker of better prognosis and is associated with longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Abduljabbar
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University Of Nottingham, City Hosital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK,
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Szabó NE, Haddad-Tóvolli R, Zhou X, Alvarez-Bolado G. Cadherins mediate sequential roles through a hierarchy of mechanisms in the developing mammillary body. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:29. [PMID: 25852491 PMCID: PMC4365714 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of intricate combinations of cadherins (a family of adhesive membrane proteins) is common in the developing central nervous system. On this basis, a combinatorial cadherin code has long been proposed to underlie neuronal sorting and to be ultimately responsible for the layers, columns and nuclei of the brain. However, experimental proof of this particular function of cadherins has proven difficult to obtain and the question is still not clear. Alternatively, non-specific, non-combinatorial, purely quantitative adhesive differentials have been proposed to explain neuronal sorting in the brain. Do cadherin combinations underlie brain cytoarchitecture? We approached this question using as model a well-defined forebrain nucleus, the mammillary body (MBO), which shows strong, homogeneous expression of one single cadherin (Cdh11) and patterned, combinatorial expression of Cdh6, −8 and −10. We found that, besides the known combinatorial Cdh pattern, MBO cells are organized into a second, non-overlapping pattern grouping neurons with the same date of neurogenesis. We report that, in the Foxb1 mouse mutant, Cdh11 expression fails to be maintained during MBO development. This disrupted the combination-based as well as the birthdate-based sorting in the mutant MBO. In utero RNA interference (RNAi) experiments knocking down Cdh11 in MBO-fated migrating neurons at one specific age showed that Cdh11 expression is required for chronological entrance in the MBO. Our results suggest that neuronal sorting in the developing MBO is caused by adhesion-based, non-combinatorial mechanisms that keep neurons sorted according to birthdate information (possibly matching them to target neurons chronologically sorted in the same manner). Non-specific adhesion mechanisms would also prevent cadherin combinations from altering the birthdate-based sorting. Cadherin combinations would presumably act later to support specific synaptogenesis through specific axonal fasciculation and final target recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora-Emöke Szabó
- Department Neurobiology and Development, Neural Circuit Development Unit, IRCM Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Xunlei Zhou
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
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Abduljabbar R, Negm OH, Lai CF, Jerjees DA, Al-Kaabi M, Hamed MR, Tighe PJ, Buluwela L, Mukherjee A, Green AR, Ali S, Rakha EA, Ellis IO. Clinical and biological significance of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:335-46. [PMID: 25762479 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, which exerts anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic activities. The GR is expressed in a large proportion of breast cancer (BC) although levels generally decrease during cancer progression. This study aimed to determine the clinical and biological significance of GR expression using a large series of early-stage BC with long-term follow-up and BC cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of GR in 999 cases of primary invasive BC prepared as tissue microarrays. Reverse phase protein microarray was used to assess the expression of GR in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Nuclear expression of GR was observed in 61.6 % of breast tumours and was associated with features of good prognosis including smaller tumour size and lower grade with less pleomorphism and low mitotic count. GR expression was positively correlated with expression of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors. In ER-positive tumours, GR was associated with other features of favourable outcome including FOXA1, GATA3 and BEX1 expression, while low GR expression was associated with high Ki67, p53 and CD71 expression. GR expression is associated with features of good outcome but does not provide prognostic information independent of size, stage and grade. Understanding the receptor and its effects on BC behaviour is essential for avoiding any unwanted effects from the use of glucocorticoids in routine oncology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Abduljabbar
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cell, Department of Histopathology, The University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK,
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Xu C, Wei Q, Guo J, Zhou JC, Mei J, Jiang ZN, Shen JG, Wang LB. FOXA1 Expression Significantly Predict Response to Chemotherapy in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:2034-9. [PMID: 25707489 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer responds poorly to chemotherapy and no single cost-effective biomarker capable of selecting chemosensitive ones has been found yet. We investigated FOXA1 for its role in predicting chemosensitivity of this subgroup in neoadjuvant chemotherapy settings. METHODS We reviewed pathologic slides of 123 patients who were diagnosed with ER-positive breast cancer on core needle biopsy and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our institution between 2002 and 2012. FOXA1 expression and pathologic response were evaluated. We then statistically analyzed FOXA1 expression and its relationship with chemosensitivity. RESULTS FOXA1 expression before NAC was correlated with poor chemoresponse in ER-positive as well as luminal A and luminal B breast cancer patients (p = 0.002, 0.001, and 0.049 respectively). Significant association between change of FOXA1 staining position after NAC and chemosensitivity also was observed (p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis identified FOXA1 expression before NAC as an independent predictor of chemosensitivity in ER-positive and luminal A breast cancer patients [p = 0.002; relative risk (RR) 0.163; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.053-0.500, and p = 0.002; RR 0.055; 95 % CI 0.008-0.353, respectively]. Additionally, change of FOXA1 staining position after NAC was shown to be an independent predictor of chemoresponse in luminal B subtype breast cancer patients (p = 0.012; RR 0.153; 95 % CI 0.035-0.665). CONCLUSIONS FOXA1 expression can independently predict chemosensitivity of ER-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenpu Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Low FOXA1 expression predicts good response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy resulting in good outcomes for luminal HER2-negative breast cancer cases. Br J Cancer 2014; 112:345-51. [PMID: 25422910 PMCID: PMC4453454 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: FOXA1 expression is a good prognostic marker for endocrine therapy in hormone-positive breast cancer. We retrospectively examined breast cancer patients with luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumours, as defined by immunohistochemistry, who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and investigated the relationship between treatment effects and FOXA1 expression. Methods: Biopsy specimens from 103 luminal HER2-negative tumours were immunohistochemically examined. FOXA1 effects on chemo-sensitivity were also investigated employing in vitro experiments. Results: FOXA1 and Ki67 expressions independently predicted a pathological complete response (pCR). Knockdown of FOXA1 by siRNA boosted the chemo-effect in oestrogen receptor-positive cells. The Cox hazards model revealed a pCR to be the strongest factor predicting a good patient outcome. Conclusions: Our present study showed low FOXA1 expression to be associated with a good response to NAC in luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Improved outcomes of these patients suggest that NAC should be recommended to patients with low FOXA1 tumours.
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Hu Q, Luo Z, Xu T, Zhang JY, Zhu Y, Chen WX, Zhong SL, Zhao JH, Tang JH. FOXA1: a promising prognostic marker in breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:11-6. [PMID: 24528009 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and proper monitoring of cancer patients remain important obstacles for successful cancer treatment. The search for cancer biomarkers can aid in more accurate prediction of clinical outcome and may also reveal novel predictive factors and therapeutic targets. One such prognostic marker seems to be FOXA1. Many studies have shown that FOXA1 is strongly expressed in a vast majority of cancers, including breast cancer, in which high expression is associated with a good prognosis. In this review, we summarize the role of this transcription factor in the development and prognosis of breast cancer in the hope of providing insights into utility of FOXA1 as a novel biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China E-mail : ,
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Tokunaga E, Hisamatsu Y, Tanaka K, Yamashita N, Saeki H, Oki E, Kitao H, Maehara Y. Molecular mechanisms regulating the hormone sensitivity of breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1377-83. [PMID: 25155268 PMCID: PMC4462367 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Approximately 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive. Endocrine therapy has dramatically improved the prognosis of ER-positive breast cancer; however, many tumors exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to endocrine therapy. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating hormone sensitivity or resistance is important to improve the efficacy of and overcome the resistance to endocrine therapy. The growth factor receptor signaling pathways, particularly the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway can mediate resistance to all forms of endocrine therapy. In contrast, FOXA1 transcription factor is a key determinant of ER function and endocrine response. Intriguingly, a link between hormone resistance induced by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and the function of FOXA1 has been suggested. In this review, we focus on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and functions of FOXA1 in terms of the molecular mechanisms regulating the hormone sensitivity of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Comprehensive Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hosoda M, Yamamoto M, Nakano K, Hatanaka KC, Takakuwa E, Hatanaka Y, Matsuno Y, Yamashita H. Differential expression of progesterone receptor, FOXA1, GATA3, and p53 between pre- and postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:249-61. [PMID: 24549642 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) is essential for estrogen-dependent growth, and its level of expression is considered a crucial determinant of response to endocrine therapy and prognosis in ER-positive breast cancer. On the other hand, the clinical role of progesterone receptor (PgR) in ER-positive breast cancer remains controversial, although testing of PgR by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become routine. Recent studies indicated that plasma estradiol levels were related to the expression levels of estrogen-responsive genes in ER-positive breast cancer tissues in both pre- and postmenopausal women. In this study, we analyzed the expression levels of estrogen-responsive genes (PgR and TFF1), a progesterone-responsive gene (RANKL), ER-related genes (FOXA1 and GATA3), HER2, Ki67 and p53 in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer tissues by IHC. Correlations between the expression levels of these molecular markers and clinicopathological factors, including prognosis, were compared between pre- and postmenopausal women. Serum levels of estrone, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were also measured. Expression levels of PgR, TFF1, RANKL, and GATA3 were significantly higher in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. Serum estradiol levels were positively correlated with Ki67 labeling index (LI) in premenopausal women, but not in postmenopausal women. High expression of FOXA1 and GATA3 was significantly associated with improved disease-free survival in premenopausal women, but not in postmenopausal women, whereas high expression of PgR and low expression of p53 were significantly correlated with the improved disease-free survival in postmenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women. Moreover, the best cutoff points of Ki67 LI for disease-free survival were 30 % for premenopausal women and 14 % for postmenopausal women. Expression levels of ER, TFF1, and RANKL were not associated with the disease-free survival in either pre- or postmenopausal women. Our results suggest that the mechanisms of development and estrogen-dependent growth of ER-positive breast cancer might differ according to menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuchika Hosoda
- Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
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Powe DG, Dhondalay GKR, Lemetre C, Allen T, Habashy HO, Ellis IO, Rees R, Ball GR. DACH1: its role as a classifier of long term good prognosis in luminal breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84428. [PMID: 24392136 PMCID: PMC3879319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen receptor (ER) positive (luminal) tumours account for the largest proportion of females with breast cancer. Theirs is a heterogeneous disease presenting clinical challenges in managing their treatment. Three main biological luminal groups have been identified but clinically these can be distilled into two prognostic groups in which Luminal A are accorded good prognosis and Luminal B correlate with poor prognosis. Further biomarkers are needed to attain classification consensus. Machine learning approaches like Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been used for classification and identification of biomarkers in breast cancer using high throughput data. In this study, we have used an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to identify DACH1 as a candidate luminal marker and its role in predicting clinical outcome in breast cancer is assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A reiterative ANN approach incorporating a network inferencing algorithm was used to identify ER-associated biomarkers in a publically available cDNA microarray dataset. DACH1 was identified in having a strong influence on ER associated markers and a positive association with ER. Its clinical relevance in predicting breast cancer specific survival was investigated by statistically assessing protein expression levels after immunohistochemistry in a series of unselected breast cancers, formatted as a tissue microarray. RESULTS Strong nuclear DACH1 staining is more prevalent in tubular and lobular breast cancer. Its expression correlated with ER-alpha positive tumours expressing PgR, epithelial cytokeratins (CK)18/19 and 'luminal-like' markers of good prognosis including FOXA1 and RERG (p<0.05). DACH1 is increased in patients showing longer cancer specific survival and disease free interval and reduced metastasis formation (p<0.001). Nuclear DACH1 showed a negative association with markers of aggressive growth and poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Nuclear DACH1 expression appears to be a Luminal A biomarker predictive of good prognosis, but is not independent of clinical stage, tumour size, NPI status or systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond G. Powe
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christophe Lemetre
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Tony Allen
- Department of Computing and Informatics, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hany O. Habashy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Daqahlia, Egypt
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Rees
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R. Ball
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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The oestrogen receptor coactivator CARM1 has an oncogenic effect and is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 140:307-16. [PMID: 23887673 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase-1 (CARM1) is implicated in regulation of oestrogen receptor (ER) α-mediated gene pathways in response to ER activation. It plays an important role in breast cancer growth by regulating the E2F1 expression suggesting that CARM1 could be a target in the subclassification of oestrogen-dependent breast cancer. This study aims to investigate the clinical and biological importance of CARM1 protein expression in a large (1,130 patients), well-characterised and annotated series of invasive breast cancers using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. In the whole series, increased CARM1 expression is correlated with features associated with aggressive behaviour such as young age, premenopausal status, large tumour size and high tumour grade. There is a positive correlation between CARM1 expression and biomarkers associated with non-luminal phenotype and poor prognosis such as HER2, basal cytokeratins, EGFR, p53 and the proliferation markers Ki67, TK1, CD71 and Cyclin E. Negative associations with the luminal-associated markers including steroid receptors and luminal cytokeratins are found. Similar associations are identified in the ER-positive/luminal subgroup (n = 767). Outcome analyses indicate that CARM1 expression is an independent predictor of shorter breast cancer-specific survival and disease-free interval in the whole series and in the ER-positive subgroup. CARM1 shows an oncogenic effect in breast cancer and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. CARM1 could be a potential marker of luminal class subclassification and for target therapy, particularly in the ER-positive luminal-like subgroup.
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FOXA1 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a prognostic marker in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2013; 22:308-16. [PMID: 23771556 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-013-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated that the response to chemotherapy and the prognostic impact of a pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy differ among breast cancer subtypes. Predictors of response to chemotherapy and prognostic factors for survival might be different in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. METHODS Women with Stage II to III ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer treated with anthracycline and taxane-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2003 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Expression of forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) as well as ER, progesterone receptor, HER2 and Ki67 was examined by immunohistochemistry in pre- and post-treatment specimens. Factors predictive of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and distant disease-free survival were analyzed. RESULTS Tumor grade was positively correlated with Ki67 expression. Expression levels of ER were positively correlated with expression levels of HER2, BCL2, FOXA1 and MAPT in pre-treatment tumors. The Ki67 labeling index was the only factor that was significantly associated with clinical response measured by the reduction of tumor volume and pCR. Lymph node status, expression of ER before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and expression of FOXA1 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were significantly associated with distant disease-free survival, both by univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer should be selected for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. FOXA1 expression could be a prognostic marker in ER-positive breast cancer.
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Bernardo GM, Bebek G, Ginther CL, Sizemore ST, Lozada KL, Miedler JD, Anderson LA, Godwin AK, Abdul-Karim FW, Slamon DJ, Keri RA. FOXA1 represses the molecular phenotype of basal breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2013; 32:554-63. [PMID: 22391567 PMCID: PMC3371315 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that comprises multiple subtypes. Luminal subtype tumors confer a more favorable patient prognosis, which is, in part, attributed to estrogen receptor (ER)-α positivity and antihormone responsiveness. Expression of the forkhead box transcription factor, FOXA1, similarly correlates with the luminal subtype and patient survival, but is also present in a subset of ER-negative tumors. FOXA1 is also consistently expressed in luminal breast cancer cell lines even in the absence of ER. In contrast, breast cancer cell lines representing the basal subtype do not express FOXA1. To delineate an ER-independent role for FOXA1 in maintaining the luminal phenotype, and hence a more favorable prognosis, we performed expression microarray analyses on FOXA1-positive and ER-positive (MCF7, T47D), or FOXA1-positive and ER-negative (MDA-MB-453, SKBR3) luminal cell lines in the presence or absence of transient FOXA1 silencing. This resulted in three FOXA1 transcriptomes: (1) a luminal signature (consistent across cell lines), (2) an ER-positive signature (restricted to MCF7 and T47D) and (3) an ER-negative signature (restricted to MDA-MB-453 and SKBR3). Gene set enrichment analyses revealed FOXA1 silencing causes a partial transcriptome shift from luminal to basal gene expression signatures. FOXA1 binds to a subset of both luminal and basal genes within luminal breast cancer cells, and loss of FOXA1 increases enhancer RNA transcription for a representative basal gene (CD58). These data suggest FOXA1 directly represses a subset of basal signature genes. Functionally, FOXA1 silencing increases migration and invasion of luminal cancer cells, both of which are characteristics of basal subtype cells. We conclude FOXA1 controls plasticity between basal and luminal breast cancer cells, not only by inducing luminal genes but also by repressing the basal phenotype, and thus aggressiveness. Although it has been proposed that FOXA1-targeting agents may be useful for treating luminal tumors, these data suggest that this approach may promote transitions toward more aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Bernardo
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Gurkan Bebek
- Departments of Case Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charles L. Ginther
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Steven T. Sizemore
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kristen L. Lozada
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John D. Miedler
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lee A. Anderson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Andrew K. Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Fadi W. Abdul-Karim
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals-Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Dennis J. Slamon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ruth A. Keri
- Departments of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Departments of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Gencheva M, Yang L, Lin GB, Lin RJ. Detection of Alternatively Spliced or Processed RNAs in Cancer Using Oligonucleotide Microarray. Cancer Treat Res 2013; 158:25-40. [PMID: 24222353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31659-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of gene expression plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, so the ability to detect RNA alterations is of great value in cancer diagnosis and management. DNA microarrays have been used to measure changes in mRNA or microRNA level, but less often the change of RNA isoforms. Here we appraise the utilization of microarray in detecting alternatively processed RNAs, which have alternative splice forms, retained introns, or altered 3' untranslated regions. We cover the methodology and focus on cancer studies. Recent development in parallel or deep sequencing used in transcriptome analysis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieta Gencheva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA
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