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Barnieh FM, Morais GR, Loadman PM, Falconer RA, El-Khamisy SF. Hypoxia-Responsive Prodrug of ATR Inhibitor, AZD6738, Selectively Eradicates Treatment-Resistant Cancer Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403831. [PMID: 38976561 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Targeted therapy remains the future of anti-cancer drug development, owing to the lack of specificity of current treatments which lead to damage in healthy normal tissues. ATR inhibitors have in recent times demonstrated promising clinical potential, and are currently being evaluated in the clinic. However, despite the considerable optimism for clinical success of these inhibitors, reports of associated normal tissues toxicities remain a concern and can compromise their utility. Here, ICT10336 is reported, a newly developed hypoxia-responsive prodrug of ATR inhibitor, AZD6738, which is hypoxia-activated and specifically releases AZD6738 only in hypoxic conditions, in vitro. This hypoxia-selective release of AZD6738 inhibited ATR activation (T1989 and S428 phosphorylation) and subsequently abrogated HIF1a-mediated adaptation of hypoxic cancers cells, thus selectively inducing cell death in 2D and 3D cancer models. Importantly, in normal tissues, ICT10336 is demonstrated to be metabolically stable and less toxic to normal cells than its active parent agent, AZD6738. In addition, ICT10336 exhibited a superior and efficient multicellular penetration ability in 3D tumor models, and selectively eradicated cells at the hypoxic core compared to AZD6738. In summary, the preclinical data demonstrate a new strategy of tumor-targeted delivery of ATR inhibitors with significant potential of enhancing the therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Barnieh
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, the Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Yadav P, Pandey A, Kakani P, Mutnuru SA, Samaiya A, Mishra J, Shukla S. Hypoxia-induced loss of SRSF2-dependent DNA methylation promotes CTCF-mediated alternative splicing of VEGFA in breast cancer. iScience 2023; 26:106804. [PMID: 37235058 PMCID: PMC10206493 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) generates numerous isoforms with unique roles in tumor angiogenesis, and investigating the underlying mechanism during hypoxia necessitates diligent pursuance. Our research systematically demonstrated that the splicing factor SRSF2 causes the inclusion of exon-8b, leading to the formation of the anti-angiogenic VEGFA-165b isoform under normoxic conditions. Additionally, SRSF2 interacts with DNMT3A and maintains methylation on exon-8a, inhibiting CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) recruitment and RNA polymerase II (pol II) occupancy, causing exon-8a exclusion and decreased expression of pro-angiogenic VEGFA-165a. Conversely, SRSF2 is downregulated by HIF1α-induced miR-222-3p under hypoxic conditions, which prevents exon-8b inclusion and reduces VEGFA-165b expression. Furthermore, reduced SRSF2 under hypoxia promotes hydroxymethylation on exon-8a, increasing CTCF recruitment, pol II occupancy, exon-8a inclusion, and VEGFA-165a expression. Overall, our findings unveil a specialized dual mechanism of VEGFA-165 alternative splicing, instrumented by the cross-talk between SRSF2 and CTCF, which promotes angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Anchala Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Parik Kakani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Srinivas Abhishek Mutnuru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Atul Samaiya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, BH, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462016, India
| | - Jharna Mishra
- Department of Pathology, Bansal Hospital (BH), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462016, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
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Li J, Gong C, Chen X, Guo H, Tai Z, Ding N, Gao S, Gao Y. Biomimetic liposomal nanozymes improve breast cancer chemotherapy with enhanced penetration and alleviated hypoxia. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:123. [PMID: 37038165 PMCID: PMC10084658 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (Dox) has been recommended in clinical guidelines for the standard-of-care treatment of breast cancer. However, Dox therapy faces challenges such as hypoxia, acidosis, H2O2-rich conditions and condensed extracellular matrix in TME as well as low targeted ability. METHODS We developed a nanosystem H-MnO2-Dox-Col NPs based on mesoporous manganese dioxide (H-MnO2) in which Dox was loaded in the core and collagenase (Col) was wrapped in the surface. Further the H-MnO2-Dox-Col NPs were covered by a fusion membrane (MP) of inflammation-targeted RAW264.7 cell membrane and pH-sensitive liposomes to form biomimetic MP@H-MnO2-Dox-Col for in vitro and in vivo study. RESULTS Our results shows that MP@H-MnO2-Dox-Col can increase the Dox effect with low cardiotoxicity based on multi-functions of effective penetration in tumor tissue, alleviating hypoxia in TME, pH sensitive drug release as well as targeted delivery of Dox. CONCLUSIONS This multifunctional biomimetic nanodelivery system exhibited antitumor efficacy in vivo and in vitro, thus having potential for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- School of Pharmacy & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201206, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunai Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xinlu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy & Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201206, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Abdelgawad MA, Bukhari SNA, Musa A, Elmowafy M, Elkomy MH, Nayl AA, El-Ghorab AH, Alsohaimi IH, Abdel-Bakky MS, Althobaiti IO, Altaleb HA, Omar HA, Abdelazeem AH, Zaki MA, Shaker ME, Elshemy HAH. New Sulfamethoxazole Derivatives as Selective Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XII Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxic Activity and Molecular Modeling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091134. [PMID: 36145355 PMCID: PMC9501356 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study new sulphamethoxazole derivatives (S1-S4, S6-S12, and S14-S22) were designed and synthesized and their structures were fully characterized and validated using NMR, mass, and IR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analyses. All new derivatives (S1-S22) were assayed against human carbonic anhydrase (hCAs IX and XII) for their inhibitory activities. hCAs IX and XII were chosen due to the fact that CAIX expression is recognized as a hypoxia marker with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. When compared to Dorzolamide HCl as a standard reference, derivatives S2, S3, S8, S9, and S15 had the most effective inhibition with low IC50 values. The active compounds were further evaluated against hCAs I and II inhibitory activity and compounds S8, S9 and S15 showed the least inhibitory effect compared to the reference standard, acetazolamide, indicating that their effect in normal cells is the lowest. Cell viability tests for the selected compounds were carried out on MCF7 (normoxia and hypoxia) and on the normal breast cell line (MCF10a) with Staurosporine as a standard. The results showed that compound S15 had a highly potent cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis results showed that compound S15 triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in G1/S of MCF7 cancer cells. Finally, molecular docking was performed to point out the possible explanation for the vital structural features and key-interactions exerted by our ligands with hCAs IX and XII that might share additional designs and highlight possible leads for a hopeful anticancer agent. Consequently, sulphamethoxazole Derivative S15 could be the potential lead for emerging selective cytotoxic compounds directing h CAs IX and XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-65-9543-5214
| | - Syed N. A. Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdElAziz. A. Nayl
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. El-Ghorab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim O. Althobaiti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamud A. Altaleb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany A. Omar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed H. Abdelazeem
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Zaki
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A. H. Elshemy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Kamaludin Z, Siddig A, Yaacob NM, Lam AK, Rahman WFWA. Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma in Young Women. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:9-23. [PMID: 35366286 PMCID: PMC8955684 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarker identification is imperative for invasive breast carcinoma, which is more aggressive and associated with higher mortality and worse prognosis in younger patients (<45 years) than in older patients (>50 years). The current study aimed to investigate angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) protein expression in breast tissue from young patients with breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was applied in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of breast carcinoma tissue from young patients aged <45 years at the time of diagnosis. Both proteins were expressed in the majority of cases. The highest frequency of positive ANGPTL4 and IGF-1 expression was observed in the luminal A subtype, whereas the HER2-overexpression subtype exhibited the lowest expression frequency for both proteins. There was no significant association between ANGPTL4 (p = 0.897) and IGF-1 (p = 0.091) expression and molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma. The histological grade was a significant predictor of ANGPTL4 expression (grade 1 vs. grade 3, adjusted odds ratio = 12.39, p = 0.040). Therefore, ANGPTL-4 and IGF-1 expressions are common in young breast carcinoma tissue. There is a potential use of them as biomarkers in breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaleha Kamaludin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; (Z.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Alaa Siddig
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; (Z.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Najib Majdi Yaacob
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Alfred K. Lam
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Wan Faiziah Wan Abdul Rahman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia; (Z.K.); (A.S.)
- Breast Cancer Awareness and Research Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Berumen Sánchez G, Bunn KE, Pua HH, Rafat M. Extracellular vesicles: mediators of intercellular communication in tissue injury and disease. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:104. [PMID: 34656117 PMCID: PMC8520651 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication is a critical process that ensures cooperation between distinct cell types and maintains homeostasis. EVs, which were initially described as cellular debris and devoid of biological function, are now recognized as key components in cell-cell communication. EVs are known to carry multiple factors derived from their cell of origin, including cytokines and chemokines, active enzymes, metabolites, nucleic acids, and surface molecules, that can alter the behavior of recipient cells. Since the cargo of EVs reflects their parental cells, EVs from damaged and dysfunctional tissue environments offer an abundance of information toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of various diseases and pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the role of EVs in the progression of cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory lung diseases given the high prevalence of these conditions worldwide and the important role that intercellular communication between immune, parenchymal, and stromal cells plays in the development of these pathological states. We also consider the clinical applications of EVs, including the possibilities for their use as novel therapeutics. While intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is key for physiological processes and tissue homeostasis, injury and stress result in altered communication patterns in the tissue microenvironment. When left unchecked, EV-mediated interactions between stromal, immune, and parenchymal cells lead to the development of disease states Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Berumen Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. Bunn
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Heather H. Pua
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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In silico simulation of the effect of hypoxia on MCF-7 cell cycle kinetics under fractionated radiotherapy. J Biol Phys 2021; 47:301-321. [PMID: 34533654 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-021-09580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment outcome of a given fractionated radiotherapy scheme is affected by oxygen tension and cell cycle kinetics of the tumor population. Numerous experimental studies have supported the variability of radiosensitivity with cell cycle phase. Oxygen modulates the radiosensitivity through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilization and oxygen fixation hypothesis (OFH) mechanism. In this study, an existing mathematical model describing cell cycle kinetics was modified to include the oxygen-dependent G1/S transition rate and radiation inactivation rate. The radiation inactivation rate used was derived from the linear-quadratic (LQ) model with dependence on oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), while the oxygen-dependent correction for the G1/S phase transition was obtained from numerically solving the ODE system of cyclin D-HIF dynamics at different oxygen tensions. The corresponding cell cycle phase fractions of aerated MCF-7 tumor population, and the resulting growth curve obtained from numerically solving the developed mathematical model were found to be comparable to experimental data. Two breast radiotherapy fractionation schemes were investigated using the mathematical model. Results show that hypoxia causes the tumor to be more predominated by the tumor subpopulation in the G1 phase and decrease the fractional contribution of the more radioresistant tumor cells in the S phase. However, the advantage provided by hypoxia in terms of cell cycle phase distribution is largely offset by the radioresistance developed through OFH. The delayed proliferation caused by severe hypoxia slightly improves the radiotherapy efficacy compared to that with mild hypoxia for a high overall treatment duration as demonstrated in the 40-Gy fractionation scheme.
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López-Vega JM, Álvarez I, Antón A, Illarramendi JJ, Llombart A, Boni V, García-Velloso MJ, Martí-Climent JM, Pina L, García-Foncillas J. Early Imaging and Molecular Changes with Neoadjuvant Bevacizumab in Stage II/III Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3511. [PMID: 34298725 PMCID: PMC8307791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective, phase II study evaluated novel biomarkers as predictors of response to bevacizumab in patients with breast cancer (BC), using serial imaging methods and gene expression analysis. Patients with primary stage II/III BC received bevacizumab 15 mg/kg (cycle 1; C1), then four cycles of neoadjuvant docetaxel doxorubicin, and bevacizumab every 3 weeks (C2-C5). Tumour proliferation and hypoxic status were evaluated using 18F-fluoro-3'-deoxy-3'-L-fluorothymidine (FLT)- and 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO)-positron emission tomography (PET) at baseline, and during C1 and C5. Pre- and post-bevacizumab vascular changes were evaluated using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Molecular biomarkers were assessed using microarray analysis. A total of 70 patients were assessed for treatment efficacy. Significant decreases from baseline in tumour proliferation (FLT-PET), vascularity, and perfusion (DCE-MRI) were observed during C1 (p ≤ 0.001), independent of tumour subtype. Bevacizumab treatment did not affect hypoxic tumour status (FMISO-PET). Significant changes in the expression of 28 genes were observed after C1. Changes in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2p levels were observed in 65 patients, with a > 20% decrease in VEGFR-2p observed in 13/65. Serial imaging techniques and molecular gene profiling identified several potentially predictive biomarkers that may predict response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab therapy in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel López-Vega
- Department of Medical Oncology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Isabel Álvarez
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Donostia, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Antonio Antón
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | | | - Antonio Llombart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, 46015 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Valentina Boni
- START Madrid CIOCC, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, 28050 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Josep María Martí-Climent
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Safety, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Luis Pina
- Department of Radiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, University Hospital “Fundación Jiménez Díaz”, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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ADCC-Inducing Antibody Trastuzumab and Selection of KIR-HLA Ligand Mismatched Donors Enhance the NK Cell Anti-Breast Cancer Response. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133232. [PMID: 34203549 PMCID: PMC8268223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural killer (NK) cells are potent killers of tumor cells. Many tumors, including breast cancers, develop mechanisms to suppress anti-tumor immune responses, requiring the development of strategies to overcome suppression. Here, we tested a combination therapy that aims to (1) enhance NK cell activation and (2) reduce NK cell inhibition mediated by suppressive factors in tumors or in the tumor microenvironment. We cultured cell lines under hypoxia to mimic the tumor microenvironment or used patient-derived breast cancer cells that were primed by the patient’s tumor environment. Our results demonstrated that cytokine-activated NK cells remained active under hypoxia and that tumor-targeting antibodies enhanced the NK cell anti-breast cancer response. Moreover, we observed that NK cell suppression by inhibitory ligands on the tumor cells can be reduced by the selection of NK cell donors with NK receptors that are incompatible with these ligands. Collectively, we present two powerful strategies to enhance the NK cell responses against breast cancer. Abstract Natural killer (NK)-cell-based immunotherapies are an attractive treatment option for cancer. We previously showed that alloreactive mouse NK cells cured mice of 4T1 breast cancer. However, the tumor microenvironment can inhibit immune responses, and these suppressive factors must be overcome to unfold the NK cells’ full anti-tumor potential. Here, we investigated the combination of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADDC) and the selection of KIR-HLA-ligand mismatched NK cells to enhance NK cell anti-breast cancer responses in clinically relevant settings. Donor-derived and IL-2-activated NK cells were co-cultured with patient-derived breast cancer cells or cell lines MCF7 or SKBR3 together with the anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab. NK cells mediated anti-breast cancer cytotoxicity under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Under both conditions, trastuzumab vigorously enhanced NK cell degranulation (CD107a) against HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 cells, but we observed a discrepancy between highly degranulating NK cells and a rather modest increase in cytotoxicity of SKBR3. Against patient-derived breast cancer cells, the anti-tumor efficacy was rather limited, and HLA class I expression seemed to contribute to inhibited NK cell functionality. KIR-ligand-mismatched NK cells degranulated stronger compared to the matched NK cells, further highlighting the role of HLA. In summary, trastuzumab and KIR-ligand-mismatched NK cells could be two strategies to potently enhance NK cell responses to breast cancer.
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Hartmann L, Schröter P, Osen W, Baumann D, Offringa R, Moustafa M, Will R, Debus J, Brons S, Rieken S, Eichmüller SB. Photon versus carbon ion irradiation: immunomodulatory effects exerted on murine tumor cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21517. [PMID: 33299018 PMCID: PMC7726046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While for photon radiation hypofractionation has been reported to induce enhanced immunomodulatory effects, little is known about the immunomodulatory potential of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). We thus compared the radio-immunogenic effects of photon and carbon ion irradiation on two murine cancer cell lines of different tumor entities. We first calculated the biological equivalent doses of carbon ions corresponding to photon doses of 1, 3, 5, and 10 Gy of the murine breast cancer cell line EO771 and the OVA-expressing pancreatic cancer cell line PDA30364/OVA by clonogenic survival assays. We compared the potential of photon and carbon ion radiation to induce cell cycle arrest, altered surface expression of immunomodulatory molecules and changes in the susceptibility of cancer cells to cytotoxic T cell (CTL) mediated killing. Irradiation induced a dose-dependent G2/M arrest in both cell lines irrespective from the irradiation source applied. Likewise, surface expression of the immunomodulatory molecules PD-L1, CD73, H2-Db and H2-Kb was increased in a dose-dependent manner. Both radiation modalities enhanced the susceptibility of tumor cells to CTL lysis, which was more pronounced in EO771/Luci/OVA cells than in PDA30364/OVA cells. Overall, compared to photon radiation, the effects of carbon ion radiation appeared to be enhanced at higher dose range for EO771 cells and extenuated at lower dose range for PDA30364/OVA cells. Our data show for the first time that equivalent doses of carbon ion and photon irradiation exert similar immunomodulating effects on the cell lines of both tumor entities, highlighted by an enhanced susceptibility to CTL mediated cytolysis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hartmann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schröter
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Baumann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rienk Offringa
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Heidelberg (MFHD), Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Rainer Will
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine Heidelberg (MFHD), Division of Molecular and Translational Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Core-Center Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg University Hospital (UKHD), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Group GMP & T Cell Therapy, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Vykuntham NG, Suran S, Siripini S, John S, Kumar P, Paithankar K, Amere Subbarao S. Altered molecular pathways decides the treatment outcome of Hsp90 inhibitors against breast cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Al Bawab AQ, Zihlif M, Jarrar Y, Sharab A. Continuous Hypoxia and Glucose Metabolism: The Effects on Gene Expression in Mcf7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:511-519. [PMID: 32370732 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200506082020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia (deprived oxygen in tissues) may induce molecular and genetic changes in cancer cells. OBJECTIVE To Investigate the genetic changes of glucose metabolism in breast cancer cell line (MCF7) after exposure to continuous hypoxia (10 and 20 cycles exposure of 72 hours continuously on a weekly basis). METHODS Gene expression of MCF7 cells was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reactionarray method. Furthermore, cell migration and wound healing assays were also applied. RESULTS It was found that 10 episodes of continuous hypoxia activated the Warburg effect in MCF7 cells, via the significant up-regulation of genes involved in glycolysis (ANOVA, p value < 0.05). The molecular changes were associated with the ability of MCF7 cells to divide and migrate. Interestingly, after 20 episodes of continuous hypoxia, the expression glycolysis mediated genes dropped significantly (from 30 to 9 folds). This could be attributed to the adaptive ability of cancer cells. CONCLUSION It is concluded that 10 hypoxic episodes increased the survival rate and aggressiveness of MCF7 cells and induced the Warburg effect by the up-regulation of the glycolysis mediating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Q Al Bawab
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazan Jarrar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Sharab
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
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13
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Scherbakov AM, Shestakova EA, Galeeva KE, Bogush TA. BRCA1 and Estrogen Receptor α Expression Regulation in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Development and clinical translation of photoacoustic mammography. Biomed Eng Lett 2018; 8:157-165. [PMID: 30603200 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-018-0070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To practically apply photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology in medicine, we have developed prototypes of a photoacoustic mammography (PAM) device to acquire images for diagnosing breast cancer in the Kyoto University/Canon joint research project (CK project supported by MEXT, Japan). First, the basic ability of the PAM system to visualize the network of blood vessels and the Hb saturation index was evaluated using a prototype of PAM that has a flat scanning detector and is capable of simultaneously acquiring photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound images. Next, another prototype of a PAM device with hemispherical sensors was developed to improve the visibility of the 3D structure of vessels by reducing the limited view effect. In clinical examination of breast cancer cases, the PAM system allowed 3D visualization of fine vessel networks with a spatial resolution of a half-millimeter and enabled us to determine the features of tumor-related vascular structures in human breast cancer. In addition, the oxygen saturation status of Hb was visualized using two different wavelengths, enabling more precise characterization of the tumor microenvironment. Results of clinical evaluation using our developed prototype of a PAM device confirmed that PA imaging technology has the potential to promote early detection of breast cancer, and realization of its practical use is expected in the near future.
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15
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Alam MW, Persson CU, Reinbothe S, Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L, Wigerup C, Ditzel HJ, Lykkesfeldt AE, Påhlman S, Jögi A. HIF2α contributes to antiestrogen resistance via positive bilateral crosstalk with EGFR in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11238-50. [PMID: 26849233 PMCID: PMC4905469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of breast cancers express estrogen receptor α (ERα), and most patients with ERα-positive breast cancer benefit from antiestrogen therapy. The ERα-modulator tamoxifen and ERα-downregulator fulvestrant are commonly employed antiestrogens. Antiestrogen resistance remains a clinical challenge, with few effective treatments available for patients with antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer. Hypoxia, which is intrinsic to most tumors, promotes aggressive disease, with the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF1 and HIF2 regulating cellular responses to hypoxia. Here, we show that the ERα-expressing breast cancer cells MCF-7, CAMA-1, and T47D are less sensitive to antiestrogens when hypoxic. Furthermore, protein and mRNA levels of HIF2α/HIF2A were increased in a panel of antiestrogen-resistant cells, and antiestrogen-exposure further increased HIF2α expression. Ectopic expression of HIF2α in MCF-7 cells significantly decreased sensitivity to antiestrogens, further implicating HIF2α in antiestrogen resistance. EGFR is known to contribute to antiestrogen resistance: we further show that HIF2α drives hypoxic induction of EGFR and that EGFR induces HIF2α expression. Downregulation or inhibition of EGFR led to decreased HIF2α levels. This positive and bilateral HIF2-EGFR regulatory crosstalk promotes antiestrogen resistance and, where intrinsic hypoxic resistance exists, therapy itself may exacerbate the problem. Finally, inhibition of HIFs by FM19G11 restores antiestrogen sensitivity in resistant cells. Targeting HIF2 may be useful for counteracting antiestrogen resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasi Alam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Camilla Ulrika Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Susann Reinbothe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Caroline Wigerup
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Henrik Jorn Ditzel
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, and Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne E Lykkesfeldt
- Breast Cancer Group, Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Annika Jögi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Sweden
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16
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Boromand N, Hasanzadeh M, ShahidSales S, Farazestanian M, Gharib M, Fiuji H, Behboodi N, Ghobadi N, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Avan A. Clinical and prognostic value of the C-Met/HGF signaling pathway in cervical cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4490-4496. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Boromand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Marjaneh Farazestanian
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gharib
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Negin Behboodi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Niloofar Ghobadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School; Division of Medical Education, Falmer; Brighton Sussex UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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17
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Abstract
The efficient production, folding, and secretion of proteins is critical for cancer cell survival. However, cancer cells thrive under stress conditions that damage proteins, so many cancer cells overexpress molecular chaperones that facilitate protein folding and target misfolded proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome or autophagy pathway. Stress response pathway induction is also important for cancer cell survival. Indeed, validated targets for anti-cancer treatments include molecular chaperones, components of the unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and autophagy. We will focus on links between breast cancer and these processes, as well as the development of drug resistance, relapse, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, A320 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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18
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Asao Y, Hashizume Y, Suita T, Nagae KI, Fukutani K, Sudo Y, Matsushita T, Kobayashi S, Tokiwa M, Yamaga I, Fakhrejahani E, Torii M, Kawashima M, Takada M, Kanao S, Kataoka M, Shiina T, Toi M. Photoacoustic mammography capable of simultaneously acquiring photoacoustic and ultrasound images. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:116009. [PMID: 27893089 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.116009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed a prototype photoacoustic mammography system (PAM-02) capable of simultaneously acquiring photoacoustic (PA) and ultrasound (US) images. Each PA, US, and fused PA/US image can be acquired over a wide area of the breast using the scanning module of a US transducer, a PA detector, and optical prisms. The resolution of the PA images exhibits improvement from 2 to 1 mm compared to images acquired using our previous prototype. The maximum scan area of PAM-02 is 90 mm along the horizontal axis and 150 mm along the vertical axis. In a phantom experiment, the available depth was at least 45 mm. A representative example of the application of the PAM-02 prototype in clinical research at Kyoto University is presented and shows S-factor images, which are considered an approximation parameter related to hemoglobin saturation of tumor-related blood vessels. We confirmed the applicability of the system for anatomical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Asao
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Development Center, 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 1468501, JapanbKyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Yohei Hashizume
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Development Center, 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 1468501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suita
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Development Center, 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 1468501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nagae
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Development Center, 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 1468501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukutani
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Development Center, 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 1468501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sudo
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Development Center, 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 1468501, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Matsushita
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Development Center, 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 1468501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kobayashi
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Development Center, 3-30-2, Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 1468501, Japan
| | - Mariko Tokiwa
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Iku Yamaga
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Elham Fakhrejahani
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Masae Torii
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawashima
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takada
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kanao
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Masako Kataoka
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shiina
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Human Health Science, 53 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Breast Surgery, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
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19
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The Mechanism of Adaptation of Breast Cancer Cells to Hypoxia: Role of AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:555-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Choudhry H, Albukhari A, Morotti M, Haider S, Moralli D, Smythies J, Schödel J, Green CM, Camps C, Buffa F, Ratcliffe P, Ragoussis J, Harris AL, Mole DR. Tumor hypoxia induces nuclear paraspeckle formation through HIF-2α dependent transcriptional activation of NEAT1 leading to cancer cell survival. Oncogene 2015; 34:4482-90. [PMID: 25417700 PMCID: PMC4430310 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation of cellular transcriptional responses, mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), is common in many types of cancer, and generally confers a poor prognosis. Known to induce many hundreds of protein-coding genes, HIF has also recently been shown to be a key regulator of the non-coding transcriptional response. Here, we show that NEAT1 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a direct transcriptional target of HIF in many breast cancer cell lines and in solid tumors. Unlike previously described lncRNAs, NEAT1 is regulated principally by HIF-2 rather than by HIF-1. NEAT1 is a nuclear lncRNA that is an essential structural component of paraspeckles and the hypoxic induction of NEAT1 induces paraspeckle formation in a manner that is dependent upon both NEAT1 and on HIF-2. Paraspeckles are multifunction nuclear structures that sequester transcriptionally active proteins as well as RNA transcripts that have been subjected to adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing. We show that the nuclear retention of one such transcript, F11R (also known as junctional adhesion molecule 1, JAM1), in hypoxia is dependent upon the hypoxic increase in NEAT1, thereby conferring a novel mechanism of HIF-dependent gene regulation. Induction of NEAT1 in hypoxia also leads to accelerated cellular proliferation, improved clonogenic survival and reduced apoptosis, all of which are hallmarks of increased tumorigenesis. Furthermore, in patients with breast cancer, high tumor NEAT1 expression correlates with poor survival. Taken together, these results indicate a new role for HIF transcriptional pathways in the regulation of nuclear structure and that this contributes to the pro-tumorigenic hypoxia-phenotype in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - A Albukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Morotti
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Haider
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Moralli
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - J Smythies
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - J Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C M Green
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - C Camps
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - F Buffa
- Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - P Ratcliffe
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - J Ragoussis
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- BSRC Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - A L Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D R Mole
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
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21
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Moschetta MG, Maschio LB, Jardim-Perassi BV, Gelaleti GB, Lopes JR, Leonel C, Gonçalves NDN, Ferreira LC, Martins GR, Borin TF, Zuccari DAPDC. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in canine malignant mammary tumors. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2345-53. [PMID: 25779537 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most common type of tumor in dogs, with approximately half of these tumors being malignant. Hypoxia, characterized by oxygen levels below normal, is a known adverse factor to cancer treatment. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a central regulator of the pathophysiological response of mammalian cells to low oxygen levels. HIF-1α activates the transcription of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which in turn promotes angiogenesis through its ability to stimulate the growth, migration and invasion of endothelial cells to form new blood vessels, contributing to tumor progression. In this study, we evaluated the serum concentration and gene expression of VEGF and HIF-1α linking them with clinicopathological parameters and survival of dogs with mammary tumors in order to infer the possible prognostic value of these factors. We collected blood and tumor fragments of 24 female dogs with malignant mammary tumors (study group) and 26 non-affected female dogs (control group) to verify the gene expression of VEGF and HIF-1α by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the serum levels by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent). The results showed high serum levels of VEGF in the study group and its correlation between abundant vascularization, lymph node involvement, metastasis, death rate and low survival (p<0.05). The serum percentage of HIF-1α in female dogs with mammary neoplasia was lower than that in the control group and higher in female dogs with tumor metastasis and history of tumor recurrence (p<0.05). Regarding gene expression, there was a gene overexpression of VEGFA in female dogs with poor outcome, in contrast to the gene underexpression of HIF-1A. Taken together, these results suggested that VEGF is important in tumor progression and can be used as a potential prognostic marker in the clinic and may be useful in predicting tumor progression in dogs with mammary neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gobbe Moschetta
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bazela Maschio
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ramos Lopes
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Leonel
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiane Do Nascimento Gonçalves
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carvalho Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Martins
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaiz Ferraz Borin
- PostGraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto/FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Eom KY, Jang MH, Park SY, Kang EY, Kim SW, Kim JH, Kim JS, Kim IA. The Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) IX/XII and Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Breast Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 48:125-32. [PMID: 25761481 PMCID: PMC4720081 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2014.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of study was to test by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining whether carbonic anhydrase (CA) 9 and 12 have an effect on sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis in early breast cancer and to find clinicopathologic factors associated with SLN metastasis. Materials and Methods Between June 2003 and June 2011, medical records of 470 patients diagnosedwith breast cancer with pT1-2, pN0-2, and M0 were reviewed. Of these 470, 314 patients who underwent SLN biopsy±axillary dissection were subjects of this study. Using tissue microarray, IHC staining for CA9 and CA12 was performed. Clinicopathologic factors such as patient age, tumour size, lymphatic invasion, hormone receptor status, and the Ki-67 labeling index were analysed together. Results The mean age of all patients was 51.7 years. The mean number of harvested SLN was 3.62, and 212 patients (67.5%) had negative SLN. Lymphatic invasion, the Ki-67 labelling index of primary tumours, and CA9 staining of stromal cells, were independent risk factors for SLN metastasis in the multivariate analysis. In 33 patients (10.5%) without the three risk factors, no patient had SLN metastasis. In 80 patients without lymphatic invasion of primary tumours or CA9 staining of stromal cells, only four patients (5%) had positive SLN. Conclusion CA9 staining of stromal cells is an independent risk factor for SLN metastasis as well as lymphatic invasion and a low Ki-67 labelling index of primary tumours in patients with early breast cancer. IHC staining of primary tumours for CA12was not associatedwith SLN metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Yong Eom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Hye Jang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kang
- Breast Care Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Breast Care Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Breast Care Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea ; Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Li J, Zhang C, Jiang H, Cheng J. Andrographolide inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway and suppresses breast cancer growth. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:427-35. [PMID: 25709476 PMCID: PMC4335622 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s76116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia. HIF-1α is one of the most compelling anticancer targets. Andrographolide (Andro) was newly identified to inhibit HIF-1 in T47D cells (a half maximal effective concentration [EC50] of 1.03×10−7 mol/L), by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. It suppressed HIF-1α protein and gene accumulation, which was dependent on the inhibition of upstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. It also abrogated the expression of HIF-1 target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and protein. Further, Andro inhibited T47D and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and colony formation. In addition, it exhibited significant in vivo efficacy and antitumor potential against the MDA-MB-231 xenograft in nude mice. In conclusion, these results highlighted the potential effects of Andro, which inhibits HIF-1, and hence may be developed as an antitumor agent for breast cancer therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Graham RM, Thompson JW, Webster KA. Inhibition of the vacuolar ATPase induces Bnip3-dependent death of cancer cells and a reduction in tumor burden and metastasis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1162-73. [PMID: 24811485 PMCID: PMC4012732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic protein Bnip3 is induced by hypoxia and is present in the core regions of most solid tumors. Bnip3 induces programmed necrosis by an intrinsic caspase independent mitochondrial pathway. Many tumor cells have evolved pathways to evade Bnip3-mediated death attesting to the physiological relevance of the survival threat imposed by Bnip3. We have reported that acidosis can trigger the Bnip3 death pathway in hypoxic cells therefore we hypothesized that manipulation of intracellular pH by pharmacological inhibition of the vacuolar (v)ATPase proton pump, a significant pH control pathway, may activate Bnip3 and promote death of hypoxic cells within the tumor. Here we confirm that bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), a selective vATPase inhibitor, significantly increased death of breast cancer cells in a hypoxia and Bnip3-dependent manner and significantly reduced tumor growth in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 mouse xenografts. Combined treatment of cells with BafA1 and the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 further augmented cell death. Combined treatment of mice containing MDA-MB-231 xenografts with BafA1 and the ERK1/2 inhibitor sorafenib was superior to either treatment alone and supported tumor regression. BafA1 and sorafenib treatments alone reduced MDA-MB-231 cell metastasis and again the combination was significantly more effective than either treatment alone and was without apparent side effects. These results present a novel mechanism to destroy hypoxic tumor cells that may help reverse the resistance of hypoxic tumors to radiation and chemotherapy and perhaps target tumor stem cells.
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Chang WP, Liu ME, Chang WC, Yang AC, Ku YC, Pai JT, Lin YW, Tsai SJ. Sleep apnea and the subsequent risk of breast cancer in women: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sleep Med 2014; 15:1016-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Deb S, Johansson I, Byrne D, Nilsson C, Constable L, Fjällskog ML, Dobrovic A, Hedenfalk I, Fox SB. Nuclear HIF1A expression is strongly prognostic in sporadic but not familial male breast cancer. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1223-30. [PMID: 24457463 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Male breast cancer is poorly understood with a large proportion arising in the familial context particularly with the BRCA2 germline mutation. As phenotypic and genotypic differences between sporadic and familial male breast cancers have been noted, we investigated the importance of a hypoxic drive in these cancers as this pathway has been shown to be of importance in familial female breast cancer. Expression of two major hypoxia-induced proteins, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A) and the carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), examined within a large cohort including 61 familial (3 BRCA1, 28 BRCA2, 30 BRCAX) and 225 sporadic male breast cancers showed that 31% of all male breast cancers expressed either HIF1A (25%) and/or CA9 (8%) in the combined cohort. Expression of HIF1A correlated with an increased incidence of a second-major malignancy (P=0.04), histological tumor type (P=0.005) and basal phenotype (P=0.02). Expression of CA9 correlated with age (P=0.004) in sporadic cases and an increased tumor size (P=0.003). Expression of HIF1A was prognostic for disease-specific survival in sporadic male breast cancers (HR: 3.8, 95% CI: 1.5-9.8, P=0.006) but not within familial male breast cancer, whereas CA9 was only prognostic in familial male breast cancers (HR: 358.0, 95% CI: 9.3-13781.7, P=0.002) and not in sporadic male breast cancer. This study found that hypoxic drive is less prevalent in male breast cancer compared with female breast cancer, possibly due to a different breast microenvironment. The prognostic impact of HIF1A is greatest in sporadic male breast cancers with an alternate dominant mechanism for the oncogenic drivers suggested in high risk familial male breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Deb
- 1] Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia [2] Department of Pathology and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ida Johansson
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cecilia Nilsson
- Center for Clinical Research, Central Hospital of Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
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- Kathleen Cunningham Foundation Consortium for research into Familial Breast Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Marie-Louise Fjällskog
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- 1] Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia [2] Department of Pathology and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephen B Fox
- 1] Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia [2] Department of Pathology and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Ghattass K, El-Sitt S, Zibara K, Rayes S, Haddadin MJ, El-Sabban M, Gali-Muhtasib H. The quinoxaline di-N-oxide DCQ blocks breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo by targeting the hypoxia inducible factor-1 pathway. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:12. [PMID: 24461075 PMCID: PMC3932516 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although tumor hypoxia poses challenges against conventional cancer treatments, it provides a therapeutic target for hypoxia-activated drugs. Here, we studied the effect of the hypoxia-activated synthetic quinoxaline di-N-oxide DCQ against breast cancer metastasis and identified the underlying mechanisms. Methods The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (p53 wildtype) and MDA-MB-231 (p53 mutant) were treated with DCQ under normoxia or hypoxia. Drug toxicity on non-cancerous MCF-10A breast cells was also determined. In vitro cellular responses were investigated by flow cytometry, transfection, western blotting, ELISA and migration assays. The anti-metastatic effect of DCQ was validated in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. Results DCQ selectively induced apoptosis in both human breast cancer cells preferentially under hypoxia without affecting the viability of non-cancerous MCF-10A. Cancer cell death was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) independently of p53 and was inhibited by antioxidants. DCQ-induced ROS was associated with DNA damage, the downregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. In MCF-7, HIF-1α inhibition was partially via p53-activation and was accompanied by a decrease in p-mTOR protein, suggesting interference with HIF-1α translation. In MDA-MB-231, DCQ reduced HIF-1α through proteasomal-dependent degradation mechanisms. HIF-1α inhibition by DCQ blocked VEGF secretion and invasion in MCF-7 and led to the inhibition of TWIST in MDA-MB-231. Consistently, DCQ exhibited robust antitumor activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer mouse xenografts, enhanced animal survival, and reduced metastatic dissemination to lungs and liver. Conclusion DCQ is the first hypoxia-activated drug showing anti-metastatic effects against breast cancer, suggesting its potential use for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Ghattass K, El-Sitt S, Zibara K, Rayes S, Haddadin MJ, El-Sabban M, Gali-Muhtasib H. The quinoxaline di-N-oxide DCQ blocks breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo by targeting the hypoxia inducible factor-1 pathway. Mol Cancer 2014. [PMID: 24461075 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-12.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tumor hypoxia poses challenges against conventional cancer treatments, it provides a therapeutic target for hypoxia-activated drugs. Here, we studied the effect of the hypoxia-activated synthetic quinoxaline di-N-oxide DCQ against breast cancer metastasis and identified the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (p53 wildtype) and MDA-MB-231 (p53 mutant) were treated with DCQ under normoxia or hypoxia. Drug toxicity on non-cancerous MCF-10A breast cells was also determined. In vitro cellular responses were investigated by flow cytometry, transfection, western blotting, ELISA and migration assays. The anti-metastatic effect of DCQ was validated in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. RESULTS DCQ selectively induced apoptosis in both human breast cancer cells preferentially under hypoxia without affecting the viability of non-cancerous MCF-10A. Cancer cell death was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) independently of p53 and was inhibited by antioxidants. DCQ-induced ROS was associated with DNA damage, the downregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. In MCF-7, HIF-1α inhibition was partially via p53-activation and was accompanied by a decrease in p-mTOR protein, suggesting interference with HIF-1α translation. In MDA-MB-231, DCQ reduced HIF-1α through proteasomal-dependent degradation mechanisms. HIF-1α inhibition by DCQ blocked VEGF secretion and invasion in MCF-7 and led to the inhibition of TWIST in MDA-MB-231. Consistently, DCQ exhibited robust antitumor activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer mouse xenografts, enhanced animal survival, and reduced metastatic dissemination to lungs and liver. CONCLUSION DCQ is the first hypoxia-activated drug showing anti-metastatic effects against breast cancer, suggesting its potential use for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Tumour hypoxia determines the potential of combining mTOR and autophagy inhibitors to treat mammary tumours. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2597-606. [PMID: 24157830 PMCID: PMC3833227 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia can activate autophagy, a self-digest adaptive process that maintains cell turnover. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors are used to treat cancer but also stimulate autophagy. METHODS Human mammary cancer cells and derived xenografts were used to examine whether hypoxia could exacerbate autophagy-mediated resistance to the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. RESULTS Rapamycin exerted potent antitumour effects in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 mammary tumours through a marked inhibition of angiogenesis, but the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) failed to further sensitise tumours to mTOR inhibition. Rapamycin treatment actually led to tumour reoxygenation, thereby preventing the development of autophagy. Chloroquine alone, however, blocked the growth of MCF-7 tumours and in vitro blunted the hypoxia-induced component of autophagy in these cells. Finally, when initiating CQ treatment in large, hypoxic tumours, a robust antitumour effect could be observed, which also further increased the antiproliferative effects of rapamycin. CONCLUSION The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin significantly contributes to tumour growth inhibition and normalisation of the tumour vasculature through potent antiangiogenic effects. The resulting reduction in hypoxia accounts for a lack of sensitisation by the autophagy inhibitor CQ, except if the tumours are already at an advanced stage, and thus largely hypoxic at the initiation of the combination of rapamycin and CQ treatment.
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30
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Eccles SA, Aboagye EO, Ali S, Anderson AS, Armes J, Berditchevski F, Blaydes JP, Brennan K, Brown NJ, Bryant HE, Bundred NJ, Burchell JM, Campbell AM, Carroll JS, Clarke RB, Coles CE, Cook GJR, Cox A, Curtin NJ, Dekker LV, dos Santos Silva I, Duffy SW, Easton DF, Eccles DM, Edwards DR, Edwards J, Evans DG, Fenlon DF, Flanagan JM, Foster C, Gallagher WM, Garcia-Closas M, Gee JMW, Gescher AJ, Goh V, Groves AM, Harvey AJ, Harvie M, Hennessy BT, Hiscox S, Holen I, Howell SJ, Howell A, Hubbard G, Hulbert-Williams N, Hunter MS, Jasani B, Jones LJ, Key TJ, Kirwan CC, Kong A, Kunkler IH, Langdon SP, Leach MO, Mann DJ, Marshall JF, Martin LA, Martin SG, Macdougall JE, Miles DW, Miller WR, Morris JR, Moss SM, Mullan P, Natrajan R, O’Connor JPB, O’Connor R, Palmieri C, Pharoah PDP, Rakha EA, Reed E, Robinson SP, Sahai E, Saxton JM, Schmid P, Smalley MJ, Speirs V, Stein R, Stingl J, Streuli CH, Tutt ANJ, Velikova G, Walker RA, Watson CJ, Williams KJ, Young LS, Thompson AM. Critical research gaps and translational priorities for the successful prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R92. [PMID: 24286369 PMCID: PMC3907091 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer remains a significant scientific, clinical and societal challenge. This gap analysis has reviewed and critically assessed enduring issues and new challenges emerging from recent research, and proposes strategies for translating solutions into practice. METHODS More than 100 internationally recognised specialist breast cancer scientists, clinicians and healthcare professionals collaborated to address nine thematic areas: genetics, epigenetics and epidemiology; molecular pathology and cell biology; hormonal influences and endocrine therapy; imaging, detection and screening; current/novel therapies and biomarkers; drug resistance; metastasis, angiogenesis, circulating tumour cells, cancer 'stem' cells; risk and prevention; living with and managing breast cancer and its treatment. The groups developed summary papers through an iterative process which, following further appraisal from experts and patients, were melded into this summary account. RESULTS The 10 major gaps identified were: (1) understanding the functions and contextual interactions of genetic and epigenetic changes in normal breast development and during malignant transformation; (2) how to implement sustainable lifestyle changes (diet, exercise and weight) and chemopreventive strategies; (3) the need for tailored screening approaches including clinically actionable tests; (4) enhancing knowledge of molecular drivers behind breast cancer subtypes, progression and metastasis; (5) understanding the molecular mechanisms of tumour heterogeneity, dormancy, de novo or acquired resistance and how to target key nodes in these dynamic processes; (6) developing validated markers for chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity; (7) understanding the optimal duration, sequencing and rational combinations of treatment for improved personalised therapy; (8) validating multimodality imaging biomarkers for minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of responses in primary and metastatic disease; (9) developing interventions and support to improve the survivorship experience; (10) a continuing need for clinical material for translational research derived from normal breast, blood, primary, relapsed, metastatic and drug-resistant cancers with expert bioinformatics support to maximise its utility. The proposed infrastructural enablers include enhanced resources to support clinically relevant in vitro and in vivo tumour models; improved access to appropriate, fully annotated clinical samples; extended biomarker discovery, validation and standardisation; and facilitated cross-discipline working. CONCLUSIONS With resources to conduct further high-quality targeted research focusing on the gaps identified, increased knowledge translating into improved clinical care should be achievable within five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | - Eric O Aboagye
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Jo Armes
- Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | | | - Jeremy P Blaydes
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Keith Brennan
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicola J Brown
- University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Helen E Bryant
- University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nigel J Bundred
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Charlotte E Coles
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Gary JR Cook
- Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Angela Cox
- University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen W Duffy
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dylan R Edwards
- University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Deborah F Fenlon
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | - Claire Foster
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | | | - Julia M W Gee
- University of Cardiff, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Andy J Gescher
- University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 4RH, UK
| | - Vicky Goh
- Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ashley M Groves
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Michelle Harvie
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bryan T Hennessy
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 123, St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Ingunn Holen
- University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sacha J Howell
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anthony Howell
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | | | - Bharat Jasani
- University of Cardiff, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Louise J Jones
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Cliona C Kirwan
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anthony Kong
- University of Oxford, Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Ian H Kunkler
- University of Edinburgh, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Simon P Langdon
- University of Edinburgh, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Martin O Leach
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | - David J Mann
- Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John F Marshall
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Lesley Ann Martin
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Sue M Moss
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paul Mullan
- Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Rachel Natrajan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | | | | | - Carlo Palmieri
- The University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Elizabeth Reed
- Princess Alice Hospice, West End Lane, Esher KT10 8NA, UK
| | - Simon P Robinson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, London SM2 5MG, UK
| | - Erik Sahai
- London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - John M Saxton
- University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Peter Schmid
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9PX, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Stein
- University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John Stingl
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Christine J Watson
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute/University of Cambridge, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Kaye J Williams
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Leonie S Young
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 123, St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Kim BW, Cho H, Chung JY, Conway C, Ylaya K, Kim JH, Hewitt SM. Prognostic assessment of hypoxia and metabolic markers in cervical cancer using automated digital image analysis of immunohistochemistry. J Transl Med 2013; 11:185. [PMID: 23927384 PMCID: PMC3750663 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), induced by tumor hypoxia, regulates tumor cell metabolism and metastasis by up-regulation of c-Met, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). The prognostic significance of hypoxia and metabolic markers is not clearly defined in cervical cancer. Here, we have examined the primary players in the hypoxia signaling pathway, by immunohistochemistry, but confirming their interactions, as well as defining which proteins are associated with outcome. METHODS The study subjects were comprised of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN, n = 209), carcinoma in situ (CIS, n = 74), cervical cancer (n = 179), and matched nonadjacent normal tissues (n = 357). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to identify HIF-1α, c-Met, CA9, and GLUT1. IHC scoring was performed using automated digital image analysis and the association of hypoxic markers with prognostic outcome was evaluated. RESULTS HIF-1α, c-Met, CA9 and GLUT1 expression were higher in cervical cancer than in CIN and normal cervix (all P < 0.001). Among these markers, expression of HIF-1α and c-Met were significantly different in FIGO stage (P < 0.001 and P = 0.019, respectively) and patients with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). HIF-1α expression was correlated with c-Met expression in cervical cancer (P < 0.001). High expression of HIF-1α and c-Met showed worse 5-year overall survival rate (P = 0.047 and P = 0.005, respectively) than low expression group, but CA9 and GLUT1 did not show significant survival difference. After adjusting the prognostic covariates, c-Met was found to be an independent risk factor (HR=3.27; 95% CI, 1.05-10.23, P = 0.041) for overall survival in cervical cancer. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that c-Met correlates with HIF-1α and is a poor prognostic factor in survival in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wook Kim
- Tissue Array Research Program & Applied Molecular Pathology Lab, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Hypoxia in the microenvironment of many solid tumours is an important determinant of malignant progression. The ISR (integrated stress response) protects cells from the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress caused by severe hypoxia. Likewise, autophagy is a mechanism by which cancer cells can evade hypoxic cell death. In the present paper we report that the autophagy-initiating kinase ULK1 (UNC51-like kinase 1) is a direct transcriptional target of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which drives the expression of ULK1 mRNA and protein in severe hypoxia and ER stress. We demonstrate that ULK1 is required for autophagy in severe hypoxia and that ablation of ULK1 causes caspase-3/7-independent cell death. Furthermore, we report that ULK1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. Collectively, the findings of the present study identify transcriptional up-regulation of ULK1 as a novel arm of the ISR, and suggest ULK1 as a potentially effective target for cancer therapy.
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Hypoxia-inducible factor-1β (HIF-1β) is upregulated in a HIF-1α-dependent manner in 518A2 human melanoma cells under hypoxic conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:166-72. [PMID: 23541582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors include hypoxic areas due to excessive cell proliferation. Adaptation to low oxygen levels is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway promoting invasion, metastasis, metabolic alterations, chemo-resistance and angiogenesis. The transcription factor HIF-1, the major player within this pathway consists of HIF-1α and HIF-1β. The alpha subunit is continuously degraded under normoxia and becomes stabilized under reduced oxygen supply. In contrast, HIF-1β is generally regarded as constitutively expressed and being present in excess within the cell. However, there is evidence that the expression of this subunit is more complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HIF-1β in human melanoma cells. Among a panel of five different cell lines, in 518A2 cells exposed to the hypoxia-mimetic cobalt chloride HIF-1β was rapidly elevated on protein level. Knockdown experiments performed under cobalt chloride-exposure and hypoxia revealed that this effect was mediated by HIF-1α. The non-canonical relationship between these subunits was further confirmed by pharmacologic inhibition of HIF-1α and by expression of a dominant-negative HIF mutant. Overexpression of HIF-1α showed a time delay in HIF-1β induction, thus arguing for HIF-1β de novo synthesis rather than protein stabilization by heterodimerization. A Hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane model of angiogenesis and invasion indicated a local expression of HIF-1β and implies a biological relevance of these findings. In summary, this study demonstrates the HIF-1α-dependent regulation of HIF-1β under hypoxic conditions for the first time. The results indicate a novel cell specific mechanism which might prevent HIF-1β to become a limiting factor.
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Kainerstorfer JM, Yu Y, Weliwitigoda G, Anderson PG, Sassaroli A, Fantini S. Depth discrimination in diffuse optical transmission imaging by planar scanning off-axis fibers: initial applications to optical mammography. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58510. [PMID: 23516494 PMCID: PMC3597739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method for depth discrimination in parallel-plate, transmission mode, diffuse optical imaging. The method is based on scanning a set of detector pairs, where the two detectors in each pair are separated by a distance δDi along direction δ D i within the x-y scanning plane. A given optical inhomogeneity appears shifted by αi δ D i (with 0≤ αi ≤1) in the images collected with the two detection fibers of the i-th pair. Such a spatial shift can be translated into a measurement of the depth z of the inhomogeneity, and the depth measurements based on each detector pair are combined into a specially designed weighted average. This depth assessment is demonstrated on tissue-like phantoms for simple inhomogeneities such as straight rods in single-rod or multiple-rod configurations, and for more complex curved structures which mimic blood vessels in the female breast. In these phantom tests, the method has recovered the depth of single inhomogeneities in the central position of the phantom to within 4 mm of their actual value, and within 7 mm for more superficial inhomogeneities, where the thickness of the phantom was 65 mm. The application of this method to more complex images, such as optical mammograms, requires a robust approach to identify corresponding structures in the images collected with the two detectors of a given pair. To this aim, we propose an approach based on the inner product of the skeleton images collected with the two detectors of each pair, and we present an application of this approach to optical in vivo images of the female breast. This depth discrimination method can enhance the spatial information content of 2D projection images of the breast by assessing the depth of detected structures, and by allowing for 3D localization of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Kainerstorfer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Flamant L, Roegiers E, Pierre M, Hayez A, Sterpin C, De Backer O, Arnould T, Poumay Y, Michiels C. TMEM45A is essential for hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in breast and liver cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:391. [PMID: 22954140 PMCID: PMC3519606 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a common characteristic of solid tumors associated with reduced response to radio- and chemotherapy, therefore increasing the probability of tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to identify new mechanisms responsible for hypoxia-induced resistance in breast cancer cells. METHODS MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cells were incubated in the presence of taxol or etoposide respectively under normoxia and hypoxia and apoptosis was analysed. A whole transcriptome analysis was performed in order to identify genes whose expression profile was correlated with apoptosis. The effect of gene invalidation using siRNA was studied on drug-induced apoptosis. RESULTS MDA-MB-231 cells incubated in the presence of taxol were protected from apoptosis and cell death by hypoxia. We demonstrated that TMEM45A expression was associated with taxol resistance. TMEM45A expression was increased both in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and in HepG2 human hepatoma cells in conditions where protection of cells against apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents was observed, i.e. under hypoxia in the presence of taxol or etoposide. Moreover, this resistance was suppressed by siRNA-mediated silencing of TMEM45A. Kaplan Meier curve showed an association between high TMEM45A expression and poor prognostic in breast cancer patients. Finally, TMEM45 is highly expressed in normal differentiated keratinocytes both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this protein is involved in epithelial functions. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results unravel a new mechanism for taxol and etoposide resistance mediated by TMEM45A. High levels of TMEM45A expression in tumors may be indicative of potential resistance to cancer therapy, making TMEM45A an interesting biomarker for resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Flamant
- URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur-FUNDP, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
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Brockton NT, Klimowicz AC, Bose P, Petrillo SK, Konno M, Rudmik L, Dean M, Nakoneshny SC, Matthews TW, Chandarana S, Lau HY, Magliocco AM, Dort JC. High stromal carbonic anhydrase IX expression is associated with nodal metastasis and decreased survival in patients with surgically-treated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:615-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Nagle DG, Zhou YD. Mechanism-based Screening for Cancer Therapeutics with Examples from the Discovery of Marine Natural Product-based HIF-1 Inhibitors. HANDBOOK OF MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7119942 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3834-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer genetics combined with an increasing number of new methods in molecular and cell biology provide exciting new antitumor drug targets and a wide array of means to design bioassay systems for the discovery of novel cancer chemotherapeutics. Marine natural products continue to play a vital role in molecular-targeted antitumor drug discovery. Although most recognize the critical and expanding role mechanism-based antitumor bioassays play in modern anticancer drug discovery, few natural products chemists have specific training in bioassay technology. Critical bioassay development factors are outlined and introduced at a level intended to provide a basic understanding to a general audience. These include molecular target identification, antitumor target validation, selection of assayable biochemical processes, data acquisition methods, experimental controls, bioassay validation and statistical methods, experimental artifacts, active compound identification, and the dereplication of nuisance compounds. Marine natural products have been identified that inhibit the activation of the anticancer drug target hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Bioassay systems and recent results from marine HIF-1 inhibitor discovery programs are used to illustrate important factors that must be considered when using molecular-targeted antitumor bioassay methods.
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Sahu D, Zhao Z, Tsen F, Cheng CF, Park R, Situ AJ, Dai J, Eginli A, Shams S, Chen M, Ulmer TS, Conti P, Woodley DT, Li W. A potentially common peptide target in secreted heat shock protein-90α for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-positive tumors. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 23:602-13. [PMID: 22190738 PMCID: PMC3279389 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-06-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ETOC: Deregulated/overexpressed HIF-1α is found in many solid tumors, and directly sabotaging it is challenging therapeutically. HIF-1α uses secreted Hsp90α, which uses a key epitope, F-5, for invasion and tumor formation. Drugs that target F-5 may be more effective and less toxic for treatment of HIF-1α–positive tumors. Deregulated accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a hallmark of many solid tumors. Directly targeting HIF-1α for therapeutics is challenging. Our finding that HIF-1α regulates secretion of heat shock protein-90α (Hsp90α) for cell migration raises the exciting possibility that targeting the secreted Hsp90α from HIF-1α–positive tumors has a better clinical outlook. Using the HIF-1α–positive and metastatic breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, we show that down-regulation of the deregulated HIF-1α blocks Hsp90α secretion and invasion of the cells. Reintroducing an active, but not an inactive, HIF-1α into endogenous HIF-1α–depleted cells rescues both Hsp90α secretion and invasion. Inhibition of Hsp90α secretion, neutralization of secreted Hsp90α action, or removal of the cell surface LRP-1 receptor for secreted Hsp90α reduces the tumor cell invasion in vitro and lung colonization and tumor formation in nude mice. Furthermore, we localized the tumor-promoting effect to a 115–amino acid region in secreted Hsp90α called F-5. Supplementation with F-5 is sufficient to bypass the blockade of HIF-1α depletion and resumes invasion by the tumor cells under serum-free conditions. Because normal cells do not secrete Hsp90α in the absence of stress, drugs that target F-5 should be more effective and less toxic in treatment of HIF-1α–positive tumors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sahu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Wennemers M, Bussink J, Scheijen B, Nagtegaal ID, van Laarhoven HWM, Raleigh JA, Varia MA, Heuvel JJTM, Rouschop KM, Sweep FCGJ, Span PN. Tribbles homolog 3 denotes a poor prognosis in breast cancer and is involved in hypoxia response. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R82. [PMID: 21864376 PMCID: PMC3236345 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia in solid tumors is associated with treatment resistance, resulting in poor prognosis. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) is induced during hypoxia and is involved in multiple cellular pathways involved in cell survival. Here, we investigated the role of TRIB3 in breast cancer. Methods TRIB3 mRNA expression was measured in breast tumor tissue from 247 patients and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome. Furthermore, we studied TRIB3 expression regulation in cell lines, xenografts tissues and human breast cancer material using Reverse transcriptase, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical staining. Finally, the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated TRIB3 knockdown on hypoxia tolerance was assessed. Results Breast cancer patients with low, intermediate or high TRIB3 expression exhibited a mean disease free survival (DFS) of 80 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 74 to 86), 74 (CI = 67 to 81), and 63 (CI = 55 to 71) months respectively (P = .002, Mantel-Cox log-rank). The prognostic value of TRIB3 was limited to those patients that had received radiotherapy as part of their primary treatment (n = 179, P = .005) and remained statistically significant after correction for other clinicopathological parameters (DFS, Hazard Ratio = 1.90, CI = 1.17 to 3.08, P = .009). In breast cell lines TRIB3 expression was induced by hypoxia, nutrient starvation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in an hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) independent manner. TRIB3 induction after hypoxia did not increase with decreasing oxygen levels. In breast tumor xenografts and human breast cancer tissues TRIB3 co-localized with the hypoxic cell marker pimonidazole. The induction of TRIB3 by hypoxia was shown to be regulated via the PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway of the unfolded protein response and knockdown of TRIB3 resulted in a dose-dependent increase in hypoxia sensitivity. Conclusions TRIB3 is independently associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients, possibly through its association with tumor cell hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Wennemers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Burrows N, Babur M, Resch J, Williams KJ, Brabant G. Hypoxia-inducible factor in thyroid carcinoma. J Thyroid Res 2011; 2011:762905. [PMID: 21765994 PMCID: PMC3134378 DOI: 10.4061/2011/762905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoural hypoxia (low oxygen tension) is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 is a transcription factor activated by hypoxia that regulates the expression of genes that promote tumour cell survival, progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemo/radiotherapy. In addition to hypoxia, HIF-1 can be activated by growth factor-signalling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinases- (MAPK-) and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinases- (PI3K-) signalling cascades. Mutations in these pathways are common in thyroid carcinoma and lead to enhanced HIF-1 expression and activity. Here, we summarise current data that highlights the potential role of both hypoxia and MAPK/PI3K-induced HIF-1 signalling in thyroid carcinoma progression, metastatic characteristics, and the potential role of HIF-1 in thyroid carcinoma response to radiotherapy. Direct or indirect targeting of HIF-1 using an MAPK or PI3K inhibitor in combination with radiotherapy may be a new potential therapeutic target to improve the therapeutic response of thyroid carcinoma to radiotherapy and reduce metastatic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burrows
- Hypoxia and Therapeutics Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Immunohistochemical study of the angiogenetic network of VEGF, HIF1α, VEGFR-2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human breast cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 18:33-41. [PMID: 21671140 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in angiogenesis has not been fully clarified yet. A dual role for NO, either inductive or inhibitory, has been proposed on the basis of different effects that high or low concentrations of NO may exert on the angiogenic process. Additionally, it has been referred that NO may induce VEGF production, while VEGF may induce NO production via up-regulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the two pathways being reverse. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression of key molecules involved in these opposite pathways in primary breast cancer. METHODS Representative tumor samples from 242 patients with early-stage breast cancer (invasive ductal breast carcinomas) were investigated for the expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2, HIF1α, iNOS, and eNOS using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Endothelial NOS was found in 159 cases, VEGF in 131 cases, HIF-1α in 139 cases, VEGFR2 in 185 cases and inducible NOS (iNOS) in 22 cases. There was a significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2, eNOS and VEGF, eNOS and VEGFR-2, eNOS and HIF1α. No statistically significant correlation was found between iNOS and the rest of the studied molecules. CONCLUSIONS In breast cancer cases, the major molecules regulating NO and VEGF production can be co-expressed in the individual carcinomas implying a possibility for the relevant pathways to be active; however appropriate functional experiments remain to be conducted to prove such a hypothesis.
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Wilczynski J, Duechler M, Czyz M. Targeting NF-κB and HIF-1 pathways for the treatment of cancer: part II. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:301-7. [PMID: 21625847 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia that originates from disturbed growth of solid tumors initiates a cascade of intracellular events engaging hypoxia-inducible factors, HIF-1 and HIF-2. Overexpression of HIF has been confirmed in solid tumors and was unfortunately accompanied with chemo- and radioresistance observed in many patients. Multiple cellular pathways resulting in HIF activation could be successfully inhibited by use of different kinds of drugs (e.g. topotecan, heat shock protein 90 and mTOR inhibitors, YC-1, pleurotin or 2-methoxyestradiol), which are being subjected into intensive investigation in clinical trials.
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Askoxylakis V, Millonig G, Wirkner U, Schwager C, Rana S, Altmann A, Haberkorn U, Debus J, Mueller S, Huber PE. Investigation of tumor hypoxia using a two-enzyme system for in vitro generation of oxygen deficiency. Radiat Oncol 2011; 6:35. [PMID: 21477371 PMCID: PMC3080288 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-6-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxygen deficiency in tumor tissue is associated with a malign phenotype, characterized by high invasiveness, increased metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Hypoxia chambers are the established standard model for in vitro studies on tumor hypoxia. An enzymatic hypoxia system (GOX/CAT) based on the use of glucose oxidase (GOX) and catalase (CAT) that allows induction of stable hypoxia for in vitro approaches more rapidly and with less operating expense has been introduced recently. Aim of this work is to compare the enzymatic system with the established technique of hypoxia chamber in respect of gene expression, glucose metabolism and radioresistance, prior to its application for in vitro investigation of oxygen deficiency. Methods Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma HNO97 cells were incubated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions using both hypoxia chamber and the enzymatic model. Gene expression was investigated using Agilent microarray chips and real time PCR analysis. 14C-fluoro-deoxy-glucose uptake experiments were performed in order to evaluate cellular metabolism. Cell proliferation after photon irradiation was investigated for evaluation of radioresistance under normoxia and hypoxia using both a hypoxia chamber and the enzymatic system. Results The microarray analysis revealed a similar trend in the expression of known HIF-1 target genes between the two hypoxia systems for HNO97 cells. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated different kinetic patterns in the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX and lysyl oxidase, which might be due to the faster induction of hypoxia by the enzymatic system. 14C-fluoro-deoxy-glucose uptake assays showed a higher glucose metabolism under hypoxic conditions, especially for the enzymatic system. Proliferation experiments after photon irradiation revealed increased survival rates for the enzymatic model compared to hypoxia chamber and normoxia, indicating enhanced resistance to irradiation. While the GOX/CAT system allows independent investigation of hypoxia and oxidative stress, care must be taken to prevent acidification during longer incubation. Conclusion The results of our study indicate that the enzymatic model can find application for in vitro investigation of tumor hypoxia, despite limitations that need to be considered in the experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Askoxylakis
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiation Therapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Jian J, Yang Q, Dai J, Eckard J, Axelrod D, Smith J, Huang X. Effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on angiogenesis and oxidative stress-a potential dual role for iron in breast cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:841-7. [PMID: 21193031 PMCID: PMC3046244 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen alone cannot explain the differences in breast cancer (BC) recurrence and incidence rates in pre- and postmenopausal women. In this study, we have tested a hypothesis that, in addition to estrogen, both iron deficiency due to menstruation and iron accumulation as a result of menstrual stop play important roles in menopause-related BC outcomes. We first tested this hypothesis in cell culture models mimicking the high-estrogen and low-iron premenopausal condition or the low-estrogen and high-iron postmenopausal condition. Subsequently, we examined this hypothesis in mice that were fed iron-deficient and iron-overloaded diets. We show that estrogen only slightly up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic factor known to be important in BC recurrence. It is, rather, iron deficiency that significantly promotes VEGF by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Conversely, high iron levels increase oxidative stress and sustain mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, which are mechanisms of known significance in BC development. Taken together, our results suggest, for the first time, that an iron-deficiency-mediated proangiogenic environment could contribute to the high recurrence of BC in young patients, and iron-accumulation-associated pro-oxidant conditions could lead to the high incidence of BC in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Jian
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jisen Dai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jonathan Eckard
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Debrah Axelrod
- Department of Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Julia Smith
- New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- New York University (NYU) Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Environmental Medicine and NYU Cancer Institute, NYU School of Medicine, HJD Room 1600, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Fax: (212) 598-7604
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Kim BJ, Hambley TW, Bryce NS. Visualising the hypoxia selectivity of cobalt(iii) prodrugs. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Dachs GU, Kano M, Volkova E, Morrin HR, Davey VCL, Harris GC, Cheale M, Frampton C, Currie MJ, Wells JE, Robinson BA. A profile of prognostic and molecular factors in European and Māori breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:543. [PMID: 20932344 PMCID: PMC2964635 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New Zealand Māori have a poorer outcome from breast cancer than non-Māori, yet prognostic data are sparse. The objective of this study was to quantify levels of prognostic factors in a cohort of self-declared Māori and European breast cancer patients from Christchurch, New Zealand. Methods and Results Clinicopathological and survival data from 337 consecutive breast cancer patients (27 Māori, 310 European) were evaluated. Fewer tumours were high grade in Māori women than European women (p = 0.027). No significant ethnic differences were detected for node status, tumour type, tumour size, human epidermal growth factor receptor, oestrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status, or survival. In addition, tumour and serum samples from a sub-cohort of 14 Māori matched to 14 NZ European patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for molecular prognostic factors. Significant correlations were detected between increased grade and increased levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α), glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1), microvessel density (MVD) and cytokeratins CK5/6 (p < 0.05). High nodal status correlated with reduced carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX). Negative ER/PR status correlated with increased GLUT-1, CA-IX and MVD. Within the molecular factors, increased HIF-1α correlated with raised GLUT-1, MVD and CK5/6, and CK5/6 with GLUT-1 and MVD (p < 0.05). The small number of patients in this sub-cohort limited discrimination of ethnic differences. Conclusions In this Christchurch cohort of breast cancer patients, Māori women were no more likely than European women to have pathological or molecular factors predictive of poor prognosis. These data contrast with data from the North Island NZ, and suggest potential regional differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabi U Dachs
- Angiogenesis and Cancer Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Guin S, Ma Q, Padhye S, Zhou YQ, Yao HP, Wang MH. Targeting acute hypoxic cancer cells by doxorubicin-immunoliposomes directed by monoclonal antibodies specific to RON receptor tyrosine kinase. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:1073-83. [PMID: 20658288 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia contributes to acquired drug resistance in various cancer cells. The underlying mechanism is cellular insensitivity regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), which impairs drug uptake, transport, and metabolism. The current study determines anti-RON antibody-directed cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (Dox)-immunoliposomes (IL) in hypoxic colon cancer cells. METHODS Cells were cultured under hypoxia (1% O(2), 5% CO(2), and 96% N(2)) for 24 h. Dox-loaded IL were formulated followed by post-insertion of monoclonal antibody Zt/g4 specific to RON. Western blotting was used to detect HIF-1α and RON expression. Cellular uptake of Zt/g4-conjugated IL was determined by confocal and internalization assays. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. RESULTS RON and HIF-1α expression were observed in hypoxic colon HCT116 and SW620 cells. Resistance to Dox-induced cytotoxicity was acquired in hypoxic cells with increased IC(50) values. However, acquired resistance was attenuated by Zt/g4-directed Dox-IL, which displays increased cytotoxic activities. IL binding and uptake revealed that hypoxic RON expression is functional, which mediates high levels of Zt/g4-Dox-IL binding and cytoplasmic internalization. Zt/g4-Dox-IL is effective in killing hypoxic HCT116 and SW620 cells with reduced IC(50) values compared to Dox and pegylated-liposomal Dox. These effects were dependent on hypoxic RON expression. HCC1937 cells with diminished RON expression under hypoxia were insensitive to Zt/g4-Dox-IL-induced cytotoxic effect. CONCLUSIONS RON expressed by hypoxic colon cancer cells is thus a potential targeting molecule for delivery of chemotherapeutics. The ability of anti-RON mAb to direct Dox-IL cytotoxicity could be developed for attenuating hypoxia-acquired drug resistance in various cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Guin
- Center for Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1406 Coulter Street, Suite 1117, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Lee CT, Mace T, Repasky EA. Hypoxia-driven immunosuppression: a new reason to use thermal therapy in the treatment of cancer? Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 26:232-46. [PMID: 20388021 DOI: 10.3109/02656731003601745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia within the tumour microenvironment is correlated with poor treatment outcome after radiation and chemotherapy, and with decreased overall survival in cancer patients. Several molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia supports tumour growth and interferes with effective radiation and chemotherapies are now well established. However, several new lines of investigation are pointing to yet another ominous outcome of hypoxia in the tumour microenvironment: suppression of anti-tumour immune effector cells and enhancement of tumour escape from immune surveillance. This review summarises this important information, and highlights mechanistic data by which hypoxia incapacitates several different types of immune effector cells, enhances the activity of immunosuppressive cells and provides new avenues which help 'blind' immune cells to detect the presence of tumour cells. Finally, we discuss data which indicates that mild thermal therapy, through its physiologically regulated ability to alter vascular perfusion and oxygen tensions within the tumour microenvironment, as well as its ability to enhance the function of some of the same immune effector activities that are inhibited by hypoxia, could be used to rapidly and safely release the tight grip of hypoxia in the tumour microenvironment thereby reducing barriers to more effective immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ting Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Weigelt B, Geyer FC, Natrajan R, Lopez-Garcia MA, Ahmad AS, Savage K, Kreike B, Reis-Filho JS. The molecular underpinning of lobular histological growth pattern: a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of invasive lobular carcinomas and grade- and molecular subtype-matched invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type. J Pathol 2010; 220:45-57. [PMID: 19877120 DOI: 10.1002/path.2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most frequent special type of breast cancer. The majority of these tumours are of low histological grade, express hormone receptors, and lack HER2 expression. The pleomorphic variant of ILCs (PLCs) is characterized by atypical cells with pleomorphic nuclei and is reported to have an aggressive clinical behaviour. Expression profiling studies have demonstrated that classic ILCs preferentially display a luminal phenotype, whereas PLCs may be of luminal, HER2 or molecular apocrine subtypes. The aims of this study were two-fold: to determine the transcriptomic characteristics of lobular carcinomas and to define the genome-wide transcriptomic differences between classic ILCs and PLCs. To define the transcriptomic characteristics of ILCs, minimizing the impact of histological grade and molecular subtype on the analysis, we subjected a series of grade- and molecular subtype-matched ILCs and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) to genome-wide gene expression profiling using oligonucleotide microarrays. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated that ILCs formed a separate cluster and a supervised analysis revealed that 5.8% of the transcriptionally regulated genes were significantly differentially expressed in ILCs compared to grade- and molecular subtype-matched IDCs. ILCs displayed down-regulation of E-cadherin and of genes related to actin cytoskeleton remodelling, protein ubiquitin, DNA repair, cell adhesion, TGF-beta signalling; and up-regulation of transcription factors/immediate early genes, lipid/prostaglandin biosynthesis genes, and cell migration-associated genes. Supervised analysis of classic ILCs and PLCs demonstrated that less than 0.1% of genes were significantly differentially expressed between these tumour subtypes. Our results demonstrate that ILCs differ from grade- and molecular subtype-matched IDCs in the expression of genes related to cell adhesion, cell-to-cell signalling, and actin cytoskeleton signalling. However, classic ILCs and PLCs are remarkably similar at the molecular level and should be considered as part of a spectrum of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Weigelt
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fernandes I, Vale N, de Freitas V, Moreira R, Mateus N, Gomes P. Anti-tumoral activity of imidazoquines, a new class of antimalarials derived from primaquine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6914-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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