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Kumar A, Kaushal A, Verma PK, Gupta MK, Chandra G, Kumar U, Yadav AK, Kumar D. An insight into recent developments in imidazole based heterocyclic compounds as anticancer agents: Synthesis, SARs, and mechanism of actions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 280:116896. [PMID: 39366252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Among all non-communicable diseases, cancer is ranked as the second most common cause of death and is rising constantly. While cancer treatments mainly include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery; chemotherapy is considered the most commonly employed and effective treatment. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents are azoles based compounds and imidazole is one such insightful azole. The anticancer properties of imidazole-based compounds have been thoroughly explored in recent years and all monosubstituted, disubstituted, trisubstituted, and tetrasubstituted imidazoles have been explored for their anticancer activities. Along with these compounds, other imidazole-based compounds like 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thiones, imidazolones, and poly imidazole compounds have also been explored for their anticancer activities. The activities of these compounds are heavily influenced by their structural resemblance to combretastatin 4A and ABI (2-aryl-4-benzoyl-imidazole). The lead compounds were highly active on breast, gastric, colon, ovarian, cervical, bone marrow, melanoma, prostate, lung, leukemic, neuroblastoma, liver, Ehrlich, melanoma, and pancreatic cancers. The targets of these leads like tubulin, heme oxygenases, VEGF, tyrosine kinases, EGFR, and others have also been explored. The exploration of the anticancer potential of substituted imidazole compounds is the main topic of this review including synthesis, SAR, and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India
| | - Anjali Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Prabhakar K Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Catalysis and Bioinorganic Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Ashok K Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India.
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Long L, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Duan L, Fan D, Wang R, Xu S, Qiao D, Zhu W. Pyrrole-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: An insight into current developments and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116470. [PMID: 38762915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant threat to human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop potent anti-cancer drugs with excellent inhibitory activity and no toxic side effects. Pyrrole and its derivatives are privileged heterocyclic compounds with significant diverse pharmacological effects. These compounds can target various aspects of cancer cells and have been applied in clinical settings or are undergoing clinical trials. As a result, pyrrole has emerged as a promising drug scaffold and has been further probed to get novel entities for the treatment of cancer. This article reviews recent research progress on anti-cancer drugs containing pyrrole. It focuses on the mechanism of action, biological activity, and structure-activity relationships of pyrrole derivatives, aiming to assist in designing and synthesizing innovative pyrrole-based anti-cancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Long
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - ZhiHui Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Dang Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
| | - Dan Qiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
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Mansur A, Song PN, Lu Y, Burns AC, Sligh L, Yang ES, Sorace AG. Combination Therapy with Trastuzumab and Niraparib: Quantifying Early Proliferative Alterations in HER2+ Breast Cancer Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2090. [PMID: 37626587 PMCID: PMC10452700 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2-targeted treatments have improved survival rates in HER2+ breast cancer patients, yet poor responsiveness remains a major clinical obstacle. Recently, HER2+ breast cancer cells, both resistant and responsive to HER2-targeted therapies, have demonstrated sensitivity to poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition, independent of DNA repair deficiencies. This study seeks to describe biological factors that precede cell viability changes in response to the combination of trastuzumab and PARP inhibition. Treatment response was evaluated in HER2+ and HER2- breast cancer cells. Further, we evaluated the utility of 3'-Deoxy-3'-[18F]-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography ([18F]FLT-PET) imaging for early response assessment in a HER2+ patient derived xenograft (PDX) model of breast cancer. In vitro, we observed decreased cell viability. In vivo, we observed decreased inhibition in tumor growth in combination therapies, compared to vehicle and monotherapy-treated cohorts. Early assessment of cellular proliferation corresponds to endpoint cell viability. Standard summary statistics of [18F]FLT uptake from PET were insensitive to early proliferative changes. Meanwhile, histogram analysis of [18F]FLT uptake indicated the potential translatability of imaging proliferation biomarkers. This study highlights the potential of combined trastuzumab and PARP inhibition in HER2+ breast cancer, while demonstrating a need for optimization of [18F]FLT-PET quantification in heterogeneous models of HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Mansur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Patrick N. Song
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Andrew C. Burns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Luke Sligh
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233, AL, USA
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Okunlola FO, Olotu FA, Soliman MES. Unveiling the mechanistic roles of chlorine substituted phthalazinone-based compounds containing chlorophenyl moiety towards the differential inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the treatment of lung cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10878-10886. [PMID: 34463214 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1951354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PARP-1 has become an attractive target in cancer treatment owing to its significant role in breast and ovarian cancers. The design of highly selective and effective poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitors has significant therapeutic advantages and has remained the core of several PARP-1-based drug discovery research. The pharmacophoric relevance of a chlorine substituent in a recent study led to the design of compounds 11c (meta-chlorophenyl) and 11d (para-chlorophenyl). In this study, we resolved the mechanistic effects of the changes in chlorine positional orientation, which underlie the inhibitory potencies and selectivity exhibited disparately by 11c and 11d. Compared to 11d, among other multiple higher-affinity complementary interactions with key site residues, the meta-Cl positioning in 11c facilitated its optimal motion and orientation towards conserved residues Arg878 and Asp766 with consistent pi-cation and pi-anion interactions, respectively, thereby favoring the stability of the ligand towards PARP-1. These could account for the higher inhibitory potency exhibited by 11c relative to 11d against PARP-1. The thermodynamics calculation revealed that 11c had a relatively higher total binding energy (ΔGbind) than 11d. We also observed that 11d displayed high deviations, compared to 11c, indicative of its unstable binding orientation. Furthermore, we reported in this study that the high involvement of electrostatic and van der Waal effects potentiated the binding affinity and strength of 11c (ΔEvdW = -50.58 and ΔEele = -27.20) relative to 11d (ΔEvdW = -49.46 and ΔEele = -19.96) at PARP-1 binding pocket. We believe the findings in this current study would provide valuable insights into the design of selective PARP-1 inhibitors containing chlorine substituent for cancer treatment, including lung cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix O Okunlola
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ren J, Quan X, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang X. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of 3-ethyl-1,5-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potent PARP-1 selective inhibitors and PARP-1 DNA trappers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 78:129046. [PMID: 36343904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been applied with great success in the clinical treatment of homologous recombination-deficient malignancy. Recent study demonstrated that not only PARP-1 inhibition but also DNA trapping contributes to the efficacy in BRCA mutant tumors and the toxicities results from the poor selectivity of PARP-1 over PARP-2 as well as their DNA trapping. Herein, a series of 3-ethyl-1,5-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives (7a-7l, 8a-8n) were synthesized and identified as PARP-1 selective inhibitors and PARP-1 DNA trappers. Among them, compound 8m was found to be highly potent and selective. It inhibited PARP-1 activity and BRCA mutant DLD-1 cell activity with IC50 values of 0.49 nM and 4.82 nM, and the in vitro DNA trapping efficacy of compound 8m was 1.85 nM. Compared with AZD5305, compound 8m significantly improved the selectivity of PARP-1 over PARP-2 as well. Compound 8m was>1000-fold selective for PARP-1 DNA trapping over PARP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkang Ren
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; R &D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211135, China
| | - Xu Quan
- R &D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211135, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China; R &D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211135, China
| | - Jiani Li
- R &D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211135, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- R &D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211135, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- R &D Center, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 211135, China.
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Xie XF, Wu NQ, Wu JF, Zhang GL, Guo JF, Chen XL, Du CW. CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD3100, down-regulates PARP1 expression and Synergizes with olaparib causing severe DNA damage in BRCA-proficient triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 551:215944. [PMID: 36209974 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) treatment is effective in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with BRCA mutation. However, its efficacy in BRCA-proficient TNBC remains unexplored. It is, therefore, an exciting proposition to broaden the indication of PARPi for BRCA-proficient TNBC patients. Chemokine receptor (CXCR4) is a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, which is involved in cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and damage repair, and it initiates many signalling pathways. Although administration of CXCR4 inhibitor alone is not ideal as a target drug, it can play a strong synergistic role in combination with other drugs. We explored the effect of CXCR4 and PARP1 on tumour cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo and found that a CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD3100, enhanced the anti-tumour effect of PARP1 inhibitor, olaparib, on BRCA-proficient TNBC. When CXCR4 was inhibited and silenced, DNA damage repair and DNA replication fork activity were suppressed by up-regulating caspase-3-mediated increase in PARP1 cleavage; in combination with the inhibition of PARP1, AMD3100 resulted in the accumulation of fatal DNA damage and induction of apoptosis. This combination regimen can be effective against BRCA-proficient TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, N0. 113 Baohe Road, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Nan-Qiang Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, No. 1, Panfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510180, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, 515031, PR China
| | - Guang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, 515031, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, N0. 113 Baohe Road, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Xue-Lian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, N0. 113 Baohe Road, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
| | - Cai-Wen Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, N0. 113 Baohe Road, Shenzhen, 518116, PR China
- Shenzhen University, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Shenzhen, No, 3688, Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, 518060, Shenzhen, PR China
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PARP Inhibitors: Clinical Limitations and Recent Attempts to Overcome Them. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158412. [PMID: 35955544 PMCID: PMC9369301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors are the first clinically approved drugs that were developed based on synthetic lethality. PARP inhibitors have shown promising outcomes since their clinical applications and have recently been approved as maintenance treatment for cancer patients with BRCA mutations. PARP inhibitors also exhibit positive results even in patients without homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. Therapeutic effects were successfully achieved; however, the development of resistance was unavoidable. Approximately 40–70% of patients are likely to develop resistance. Here, we describe the mechanisms of action of PARP inhibitors, the causes of resistance, and the various efforts to overcome resistance. Particularly, we determined the survival probability of cancer patients according to the expression patterns of genes associated with HR restoration, which are critical for the development of PARP inhibitor resistance. Furthermore, we discuss the innovative attempts to degrade PARP proteins by chemically modifying PARP inhibitors. These efforts would enhance the efficacy of PARP inhibitors or expand the scope of their usage.
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Okunlola FO, Soremekun OS, Olotu FA, Soliman MES. Investigating the Mechanistic Inhibitory Discrepancies of Novel Halogen and Alkyl Di-Substituted Oxadiazole-Based Dibenzo-Azepine-Dione Derivatives on Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000802. [PMID: 33289285 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have established the involvement of Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in cancer presenting it as an important therapeutic target over recent years. Although homology among the PARP protein family makes selective targeting difficult, two compounds [d11 (0.939 μM) and d21 (0.047 μM)] with disparate inhibitory potencies against PARP-1 were recently identified. In this study, free energy calculations and molecular simulations were used to decipher underlying mechanisms of differential PARP-1 inhibition exhibited by the two compounds. The thermodynamics calculation revealed that compound d21 had a relatively higher ΔGbind than d11. High involvement of van der Waal and electrostatic effects potentiated the affinity of d21 at PARP-1 active site. More so, incorporated methyl moiety in d11 accounted for steric hindrance which, in turn, prevented complementary interactions of key site residues such as TYR889, MET890, TYR896, TYR907. Conformational studies also revealed that d21 is more stabilized for interactions in the active site compared to d11. We believe that findings from this study would provide an important avenue for the development of selective PARP-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix O Okunlola
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi S Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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van der Noll R, Jager A, Ang JE, Marchetti S, Mergui-Roelvink MWJ, Lolkema MP, de Jonge MJA, van der Biessen DA, Brunetto AT, Arkenau HT, Tchakov I, Beijnen JH, de Bono JS, Schellens JHM. Phase I study of continuous olaparib capsule dosing in combination with carboplatin and/or paclitaxel (Part 1). Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:1117-1128. [PMID: 31667659 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The PARP inhibitor olaparib has shown acceptable toxicity at doses of up to 400 mg twice daily (bid; capsule formulation) with encouraging signs of antitumor activity. Based on its mode of action, olaparib may sensitize tumor cells to DNA-damaging agents. This Phase I trial (NCT00516724) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary efficacy of olaparib combined with carboplatin and/or paclitaxel. Methods Patients with advanced solid tumors received olaparib (capsule bid) plus carboplatin (Part A), carboplatin and paclitaxel (Part B), or paclitaxel (Part C). In each part of the study, different drug doses were given to define the most appropriate dose/drug combination to use in further studies. Safety assessments included evaluation of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs; cycle 1 only), adverse events (AEs) and physical examinations. PK assessments of olaparib, carboplatin and paclitaxel were performed. Tumor responses (RECIST) were assessed every two cycles. Results Fifty-seven patients received treatment. DLTs were reported in two patients (both receiving olaparib 100 mg bid and carboplatin AUC 4; Part A, cohort 2): grade 1 thrombocytopenia with grade 2 neutropenia lasting for 16 days, and grade 2 neutropenia lasting for 7 days. Non-hematologic AEs were predominantly grade 1-2 and included fatigue (70%) and nausea (40%). Bone marrow suppression, mainly neutropenia (51%) and thrombocytopenia (25%), frequently led to dose modifications. Conclusions Olaparib in combination with carboplatin and/or paclitaxel resulted in increased hematologic toxicities, making it challenging to establish a dosing regimen that could be tolerated for multiple cycles without dose modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud van der Noll
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008, AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joo Ern Ang
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Serena Marchetti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja W J Mergui-Roelvink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P Lolkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008, AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Maja J A de Jonge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008, AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diane A van der Biessen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University MC Cancer Institute, PO Box 5201, 3008, AE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre T Brunetto
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Ilian Tchakov
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Park Estate, Macclesfield, SK10 4TF, UK
- Eisai, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, AL10 9SN, UK
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Science s (UIPS), Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512, JE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Science s (UIPS), Utrecht University, Domplein 29, 3512, JE, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Sensitization of chondrosarcoma cells with PARP inhibitor and high-LET radiation. J Bone Oncol 2019; 17:100246. [PMID: 31312595 PMCID: PMC6609837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor that arises from cartilaginous tissue and is radioresistant and chemoresistant to conventional treatments. The preferred treatment consists of surgical resection, which might cause severe disabilities for the patient; in addition, this procedure might be impossible for inoperable locations, such as the skull base. Carbon ion irradiation (hadron therapy) has been proposed as an alternative treatment, primarily due to its greater biological effectiveness and improved ballistic properties compared with conventional radiotherapy with X-rays. The goal of this study was to characterize the genetic mutations of a grade III chondrosarcoma cell line (CH2879) and examine the cellular responses to conventional radiotherapy (X-rays) and hadron therapy (proton and carbon ions) in the presence of the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. To better understand PARP inhibition, we first analyzed the formation of poly-ADP ribose chains by western blot; we observed an increase in its signal after irradiation, which disappeared on addition of the PARP inhibitor. PARPi enhanced ratio of approximately 1.3, 1.8, and 1.5 following irradiation of cells with X-rays, protons, and C-ions, respectively, as detected by clonogenic assay. The decrease in cell survival was confirmed by proliferation assay. The radiosensitivity of CH2879 cells was associated with mutations in homologous recombination repair genes, such as RAD50, SMARCA2 and NBN. This study demonstrates the capacity of the PARP inhibitor Olaparib to radiosensitize mutated chondrosarcoma cells to conventional photon irradiation, proton and carbon ion irradiation.
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Zhang H, Yu N, Chen Y, Yan K, Wang X. Cationic liposome codelivering PI3K pathway regulator improves the response of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cells to PARP1 inhibition. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13037-13045. [PMID: 30873673 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although some progresses have been made in breast cancer therapy, effective treatment for BRCA1-deficient breast cancer remains to be a great challenge. It has been demonstrated that the PI3K pathway is inappropriately activated in BRCA1-deficient breast cancers which can be downregulated by microRNA 451 (miR-451). In addition, although PARP1 inhibitors showed relatively positive results in both preclinical and clinical studies, additional efforts to decrease drug resistance as well as reduce systematic toxicity need to be addressed. To this end, by encapsulating the miR-451 mimic and PARP1 inhibitor in the same cationic liposome, we examined the potential of enhancing the response of PARP1 inhibition on BRCA1-deficient breast cancer by regulating the PI3K pathway. Our results revealed that in BRCA1-deficient human breast cancer cell line, PARP1 inhibition resulted in DNA damage with viability decrease, G2/M arrest as well as apoptosis. In contrast, single PI3K inhibition induced G1 arrest along with retarded cell proliferation. However, it was noted that combination of PARP inhibitor and PI3K regulator could exert synergetic function to evidently decrease cell proliferation compared with PARP inhibition alone, which was also confirmed by in vivo antitumor assay using xenograft tumor models. Collectively, our results offer an alternative but superior strategy for the therapy of BRCA1-deficient human breast cancers which may benefit the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaowen Yan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Fan Y, Yan G, Liu F, Rong J, Ma W, Yang D, Yu Y. Potential role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1290-1299. [PMID: 30680005 PMCID: PMC6327579 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) serves a key role in several neurological disorders, however, the specific role of PARP in delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains unclear. The present study was conducted to clarify the possible mechanism of PARP in DCVS with the treatment of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), a PARP inhibitor. In the preliminary experiment, an internal carotid artery puncture SAH model, a cisterna magna double injection SAH model and prechiasmatic cistern single injection SAH model were compared with respect to mortality and neurobehavioral test results. The prechiasmatic cistern single injection SAH model was chosen to induce DCVS in the formal experiment. In the formal experiment, a total of 96 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into the sham group, the SAH group and the SAH+3-AB group and then each group was further subdivided into days 3, 5, 7 and 14 post-SAH subgroups (n=8 for each subgroup). The prechiasmatic cistern single injection SAH model was established to induce DCVS. Neurobehavioral testing and HE staining were conducted to evaluate the degree of cerebral vasospasm. PARP activity was assessed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to detect nuclear factor (NF)-κB DNA-binding activity. The expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by western blotting. Cerebral vasospasm occurred following SAH and became most severe on around day 7 post-SAH. NF-κB activity, PARP activity, the expression of MCP-1 and CRP exhibited a similar time course to cerebral vasospasm. Treatment with 3-AB alleviated the degree of cerebral vasospasm. NF-κB activity, PARP activity and the expression of MCP-1 and CRP were also suppressed by 3-AB treatment. In conclusion, PARP may serve an important role in regulating the inflammatory response and ultimately contribute to DCVS. Therefore 3-AB may be a potential therapeutic agent for DCVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Fan
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Medical Image, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Furong Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Rong
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Danrong Yang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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13
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O’Reilly EM, Lee JW, Lowery MA, Capanu M, Stadler ZK, Moore MJ, Dhani N, Kindler HL, Estrella H, Maynard H, Golan T, Segal A, Salo-Mullen EE, Yu KH, Epstein AS, Segal M, Brenner R, Do RK, Chen AP, Tang LH, Kelsen DP. Phase 1 trial evaluating cisplatin, gemcitabine, and veliparib in 2 patient cohorts: Germline BRCA mutation carriers and wild-type BRCA pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2018; 124:1374-1382. [PMID: 29338080 PMCID: PMC5867226 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A phase 1 trial was used to evaluate a combination of cisplatin, gemcitabine, and escalating doses of veliparib in patients with untreated advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in 2 cohorts: a germline BRCA1/2-mutated (BRCA+) cohort and a wild-type BRCA (BRCA-) cohort. The aims were to determine the safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated dose, and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of veliparib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine and to assess the antitumor efficacy (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1) and overall survival. METHODS Gemcitabine and cisplatin were dosed at 600 and 25 mg/m2 , respectively, over 30 minutes on days 3 and 10 of a 21-day cycle. Four dose levels of veliparib were evaluated: 20 (dose level 0), 40 (dose level 1), and 80 mg (dose level 2) given orally twice daily on days 1 to 12 and 80 mg given twice daily on days 1 to 21 (dose level 2A [DL2A]). RESULTS Seventeen patients were enrolled: 9 BRCA+ patients, 7 BRCA- patients, and 1 patient with an unknown status. DLTs were reached at DL2A (80 mg twice daily on days 1 to 21). Two of the 5 patients in this cohort (40%) experienced grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Two grade 5 events occurred on protocol. The objective response rate in the BRCA+ cohort was 7 of 9 (77.8%). The median overall survival for BRCA+ patients was 23.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-30.2 months). The median overall survival for BRCA- patients was 11 months (95% CI, 1.5-12.1 months). CONCLUSIONS The RP2D of veliparib was 80 mg by mouth twice daily on days 1 to 12 in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine; the DLT was myelosuppression. Substantial antitumor activity was seen in BRCA+ PDAC. A randomized phase 2 trial is currently evaluating cisplatin and gemcitabine with and without veliparib for BRCA+ PDAC (NCT01585805). Cancer 2018;124:1374-82. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M. O’Reilly
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY
| | | | | | | | - Zsofia K. Stadler
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY
| | - Malcolm J. Moore
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre- University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Neesha Dhani
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre- University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | | | | | | | - Talia Golan
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amiel Segal
- Share Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Kenneth H. Yu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY
| | - Andrew S. Epstein
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY
| | - Michal Segal
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robin Brenner
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard K. Do
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY
| | | | - Laura H. Tang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY
| | - David P. Kelsen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY
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14
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Discovery of potent 2,4-difluoro-linker poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors with enhanced water solubility and in vivo anticancer efficacy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1521-1532. [PMID: 28770827 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, especially in breast and ovarian cancers; tumor cells that are deficient in breast cancer gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) are highly sensitive to PARP1 inhibition. In this study, we identified a series of 2,4-difluorophenyl-linker analogs (15-55) derived from olaparib as novel PARP1 inhibitors. Four potent analogs 17, 43, 47, and 50 (IC50=2.2-4.4 nmol/L) effectively inhibited the proliferation of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast V-C8 cells (IC50=3.2-37.6 nmol/L) in vitro, and showed specificity toward BRCA-deficient cells (SI=40-510). The corresponding hydrochloride salts 56 and 57 (based on 43 and 47) were highly water soluble in pH=1.0 buffered salt solutions (1628.2 μg/mL, 2652.5 μg/mL). In a BRCA1-mutated xenograft model, oral administration of compound 56 (30 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 21 d) exhibited more prominent tumor growth inhibition (96.6%) compared with the same dose of olaparib (56.3%); in a BRCA2-mutated xenograft model, oral administration of analog 43 (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 28 d) significantly inhibited tumor growth (69.0%) and had no negative effects on the body weights. Additionally, compound 56 exhibited good oral bioavailability (F=32.2%), similar to that of olaparib (F=45.4%). Furthermore, the free base 43 of the hydrochloride salt 56 exhibited minimal hERG inhibition activity (IC50=6.64 μmol/L). Collectively, these data demonstrate that compound 56 may be an excellent drug candidate for the treatment of cancer, particularly BRCA-deficient tumors.
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15
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Martin U. Genome stability of programmed stem cell products. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:108-117. [PMID: 28917518 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inherited and acquired genomic abnormalities are known to cause genetic diseases and contribute to cancer formation. Recent studies demonstrated a substantial mutational load in mouse and human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs and iPSCs). Single nucleotide variants, copy number variations, and larger chromosomal abnormalities may influence the differentiation capacity of pluripotent stem cells and the functionality of their derivatives in disease modeling and drug screening, and are considered a serious risk for cellular therapies based on ESC or iPSC derivatives. This review discusses the types and origins of different genetic abnormalities in pluripotent stem cells, methods for their detection, and the mechanisms of development and enrichment during reprogramming and culture expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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16
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Chen W, Guo N, Qi M, Dai H, Hong M, Guan L, Huan X, Song S, He J, Wang Y, Xi Y, Yang X, Shen Y, Su Y, Sun Y, Gao Y, Chen Y, Ding J, Tang Y, Ren G, Miao Z, Li J. Discovery, mechanism and metabolism studies of 2,3-difluorophenyl-linker-containing PARP1 inhibitors with enhanced in vivo efficacy for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:514-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Niu J, Scheuerell C, Mehrotra S, Karan S, Puhalla S, Kiesel BF, Ji J, Chu E, Gopalakrishnan M, Ivaturi V, Gobburu J, Beumer JH. Parent-Metabolite Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Pharmacodynamics of Veliparib (ABT-888), a PARP Inhibitor, in Patients With BRCA 1/2-Mutated Cancer or PARP-Sensitive Tumor Types. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 57:977-987. [PMID: 28387939 PMCID: PMC5503785 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Veliparib (ABT-888) is a novel oral poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that is being developed for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Although the pharmacokinetics of veliparib have been studied in combination with cytotoxic agents, limited information exists regarding the pharmacokinetics (PK) of chronically dosed single-agent veliparib in patients with either BRCA 1/2-mutated cancer or PARP-sensitive tumors. The objectives of the current analysis were to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of veliparib and its primary, active metabolite, M8, and to evaluate the relationship between veliparib and M8 concentrations and poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) level observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Seventy-one subjects contributed with veliparib plasma concentrations, M8 plasma concentrations, and PAR levels in PBMCs. Veliparib and M8 concentrations were modeled simultaneously using a population PK approach. A 2-compartment model with delayed first-order absorption and the elimination parameterized as renal (CLR /F) and nonrenal clearance (CLNR /F) adequately described veliparib pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetics of the M8 metabolite was described with a 2-compartment model. Creatinine clearance(CLCR ) and lean body mass (LBM) were identified as significant predictors of veliparib CLR /F and central volume of distribution, respectively. For a typical subject (LBM, 48 kg; CLCR , 95 mL/min), total clearance (CLR /F + CLNR /F), and central and peripheral volume of distribution for veliparib were estimated as 17.3 L/h, 98.7 L, and 48.3 L, respectively. At least 50% inhibition of PAR levels in PBMCs was observed at dose levels ranging from 50 to 500 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Niu
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christie Scheuerell
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shailly Mehrotra
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon Karan
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Puhalla
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Brian F. Kiesel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jiuping Ji
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mathangi Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vijay Ivaturi
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jogarao Gobburu
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jan H. Beumer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Mackay DR, Howa AC, Werner TL, Ullman KS. Nup153 and Nup50 promote recruitment of 53BP1 to DNA repair foci by antagonizing BRCA1-dependent events. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3347-3359. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks are typically repaired through either the high-fidelity process of homologous recombination (HR), in which BRCA1 plays a key role, or the more error-prone process of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which relies on 53BP1. The balance between NHEJ and HR depends, in part, on whether 53BP1 predominates in binding to damage sites, where it protects the DNA ends from resection. The nucleoporin Nup153 has been implicated in the DNA damage response, attributed to a role in promoting nuclear import of 53BP1. Here, we define a distinct requirement for Nup153 in 53BP1 intranuclear targeting to damage foci and report that Nup153 likely facilitates the role of another nucleoporin, Nup50, in 53BP1 targeting. The requirement for Nup153 and Nup50 in promoting 53BP1 recruitment to damage foci induced by either etoposide or olaparib is abrogated in cells deficient for BRCA1 or its partner BARD1, but not in cells deficient for BRCA2. Together, our results further highlight the antagonistic relationship between 53BP1 and BRCA1 and place Nup153 and Nup50 in a molecular pathway that regulates 53BP1 function by counteracting BRCA1-mediated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R. Mackay
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amanda C. Howa
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Theresa L. Werner
- Department of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Katharine S. Ullman
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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19
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Zhang XY, Zhang P. Sensitization strategies in lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3669-3673. [PMID: 27900051 PMCID: PMC5104149 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The commonly used treatment avenues employed by cancer physicians include surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy in addition to rapid developmental and confirmatory studies on the efficacy of targeted therapies. However, the success rate in these commonly used treatments remains relatively low due to associated side effects, such as normal cell targeting/toxicity and resistance. In addition, investigators are continuing their efforts to enhance the efficacy of RT and chemotherapy to prevent associated side effects and improve the survival rate of the affected patient in order to increase patient survival. In the present study, we have reviewed the sensitization approaches used to improve chemotherapy and RT sensitivity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Information Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Peiying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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20
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McMahon M, Frangova TG, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR. Olaparib, Monotherapy or with Ionizing Radiation, Exacerbates DNA Damage in Normal Tissues: Insights from a New p21 Reporter Mouse. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1195-1203. [PMID: 27604276 PMCID: PMC5136472 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs targeting the DNA damage response are being developed as anticancer therapies, either as single agents or in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) or other cytotoxic agents. Numerous clinical trials in this area are either in progress or planned. However, concerns remain about the potential of such treatments to increase toxicity to normal tissues. In order to address this issue, a novel reporter mouse line was created through the simultaneous incorporation of multiple reporters, β-galactosidase, and firefly luciferase, into the DNA damage-inducible p21 (CDKN1A) locus. The data demonstrate that in situ β-galactosidase staining facilitates high fidelity mapping of p21 expression across multiple organs and tissues at single-cell resolution, whereas the luciferase reporter permits noninvasive bioluminescent imaging of p21 expression. This model was used to determine the capacity of a number of DNA-damaging agents, including IR, cisplatin, and etoposide to induce p21 expression in normal tissues. In addition, the PARP inhibitor olaparib was examined alone or in combination with IR as well as cisplatin. A single exposure to olaparib alone caused DNA damage to cells in the mucosal layer lining mouse large intestine. It also exacerbated DNA damage induced in this organ and the kidney by coadministered IR. These studies suggest that olaparib has carcinogenic potential and illustrate the power of this new model to evaluate the safety of new therapeutic regimens involving combination therapies. IMPLICATIONS Olaparib causes DNA damage to normal tissues and might be a carcinogen. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1195-203. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McMahon
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Tania G Frangova
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Henderson
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - C Roland Wolf
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
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21
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Cerrato A, Morra F, Celetti A. Use of poly ADP-ribose polymerase [PARP] inhibitors in cancer cells bearing DDR defects: the rationale for their inclusion in the clinic. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:179. [PMID: 27884198 PMCID: PMC5123312 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage response (DDR) defects imply genomic instability and favor tumor progression but make the cells vulnerable to the pharmacological inhibition of the DNA repairing enzymes. Targeting cellular proteins like PARPs, which cooperate and complement molecular defects of the DDR process, induces a specific lethality in DDR defective cancer cells and represents an anti-cancer strategy. Normal cells can tolerate the DNA damage generated by PARP inhibition because of an efficient homologous recombination mechanism (HR); in contrast, cancer cells with a deficient HR are unable to manage the DSBs and appear especially sensitive to the PARP inhibitors (PARPi) effects. MAIN BODY In this review we discuss the proof of concept for the use of PARPi in different cancer types and the success and failure of their inclusion in clinical trials. The PARP inhibitor Olaparib [AZD2281] has been approved by the FDA for use in pretreated ovarian cancer patients with defective BRCA1/2 genes, and by the EMEA for maintenance therapy in platinum sensitive ovarian cancer patients with defective BRCA1/2 genes. BRCA mutations are now recognised as the molecular targets for PARPi sensitivity in several tumors. However, it is noteworthy that the use of PARPi has shown its efficacy also in non-BRCA related tumors. Several trials are ongoing to test different PARPi in different cancer types. Here we review the concept of BRCAness and the functional loss of proteins involved in DDR/HR mechanisms in cancer, including additional molecules that can influence the cancer cells sensitivity to PARPi. Given the complexity of the existing crosstalk between different DNA repair pathways, it is likely that a single biomarker may not be sufficient to predict the benefit of PARP inhibitors therapies. Novel general assays able to predict the DDR/HR proficiency in cancer cells and the PARPi sensitivity represent a challenge for a personalized therapy. CONCLUSIONS PARP inhibition is a potentially important strategy for managing a significant subset of tumors. The discovery of both germline and somatic DNA repair deficiencies in different cancer patients, together with the development of new PARP inhibitors that can kill selectively cancer cells is a potent example of targeting therapy to molecularly defined tumor subtypes.
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22
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de Mestier L, Danset JB, Neuzillet C, Rebours V, Cros J, Soufir N, Hammel P. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in BRCA2 mutation carriers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T57-67. [PMID: 27511924 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Germline BRCA2 mutations are the first known cause of inherited (familial) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This tumor is the third most frequent cancer in carriers of germline BRCA2 mutations, as it occurs in around 10% of BRCA2 families. PDAC is known as one of the most highly lethal cancers, mainly because of its chemoresistance and frequently late diagnosis. Based on recent developments in molecular biology, a subgroup of BRCA2-associated PDAC has been created, allowing screening, early surgical treatment and personalized systemic treatment. BRCA2 germline mutation carriers who have ≥1 first-degree relative, or ≥2 blood relatives with PDAC, should undergo screening and regular follow-up based on magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound. The goal of screening is to detect early invasive PDAC and advanced precancerous lesions suitable for a stepwise surgical complete (R0) resection. Increasing evidence on the molecular role of the BRCA2 protein in the homologous recombination of DNA damages suggest that BRCA2-related PDAC are sensitive to agents causing DNA cross-linking damage, such as platinum salts, and treatments targeting rescue DNA repair pathways, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis de Mestier
- Department of Gastroenterology and PancreatologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Danset
- Department of Hepato-GastroenterologyEuropean Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Department of Digestive OncologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Department of Gastroenterology and PancreatologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Department of PathologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Nadem Soufir
- Department of GeneticsBichat Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Pascal Hammel
- Department of Digestive OncologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
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Li H, Hu Y, Wang X, He G, Xu Y, Zhu Q. Novel tricyclic poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1/2 inhibitors with potent anticancer chemopotentiating activity: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4731-4740. [PMID: 27561983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
8,9-Dihydro-2,4,7,9a-tetraazabenzo[cd]azulen-6(7H)-ones were designed and synthesized as a new class of PARP-1/2 inhibitors. The compounds displayed a variable pattern of PARP-1/2 enzymes inhibition profile that, in part, paralleled the antiproliferative activity in cell lines. Among them, compound 9e exhibited not only the significant IC50 value of 28nM in the PARP-1 and 7.7nM in PARP-2 enzyme assay, but also a profound synergic efficacy combined with temozolomide with PF50 values of 2.6, 2.5, and 6.5 against MDA-MB-468, SW-620 and A549 and cell line, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Guangwei He
- Hefei YiGong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China
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24
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Kummar S, Wade JL, Oza AM, Sullivan D, Chen AP, Gandara DR, Ji J, Kinders RJ, Wang L, Allen D, Coyne GO, Steinberg SM, Doroshow JH. Randomized phase II trial of cyclophosphamide and the oral poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor veliparib in patients with recurrent, advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2016; 34:355-63. [PMID: 26996385 PMCID: PMC4860030 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background In tumors carrying BRCA mutations, DNA damage caused by standard cytotoxic chemotherapy can be potentiated by poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, leading to increased cell death through synthetic lethality. Individuals carrying mutations in BRCA have an increased incidence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In order to assess the role of PARP inhibition in the treatment of TNBC, we conducted a randomized phase II trial of the combination of veliparib, a small molecule PARP inhibitor, with the cytotoxic agent cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide alone in patients with refractory TNBC. Methods Adult patients with TNBC were randomized to receive oral cyclophosphamide 50 mg once daily with or without oral veliparib at 60 mg daily in 21-day cycles. Patients on the cyclophosphamide arm could crossover to the combination arm at disease progression. Results Forty-five patients were enrolled; 18 received cyclophosphamide alone and 21 received the combination as their initial treatment regimen. Lymphopenia was the most common grade 3/4 toxicity noted in both arms. One patient in the cyclophosphamide alone arm, and 2 in the combination arm had objective responses. Response rates and median progression free survival did not significantly differ between both treatment arms. Conclusion The addition of veliparib to cyclophosphamide, at the dose and schedule evaluated, did not improve the response rate over cyclophosphamide treatment alone in patients with heavily pre-treated triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaani Kummar
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - James L Wade
- The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Sullivan
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alice P Chen
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - David R Gandara
- University of California Davis Cancer Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jiuping Ji
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Kinders
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Deborah Allen
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Geraldine O'Sullivan Coyne
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Promotes Autophagy to Facilitate Cisplatin Resistance in Melanoma Cells through the Activation of PARP1. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1219-1228. [PMID: 26880244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA), a key protein in the nucleotide excision repair pathway, has been shown to promote the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs by facilitating the DNA repair process. However, the role of XPA in the resistance of melanoma to platinum-based drugs like cisplatin is largely unknown. In this study, we initially found that XPA was expressed at higher levels in cisplatin-resistant melanoma cells than in cisplatin-sensitive ones. Furthermore, the knockdown of XPA not only increased cellular apoptosis but also inhibited cisplatin-induced autophagy, which rendered the melanoma cells more sensitive to cisplatin. Moreover, we discovered that the increased XPA in resistant melanoma cells promoted poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation and that the inhibition of PARP1 could attenuate the cisplatin-induced autophagy. Finally, we proved that the inhibition of PARP1 and the autophagy process made resistant melanoma cells more susceptible to cisplatin treatment. Our study shows that XPA can promote cell-protective autophagy in a DNA repair-independent manner by enhancing the activation of PARP1 in melanoma cells resistant to cisplatin and that the XPA-PARP1-mediated autophagy process can be targeted to overcome cisplatin resistance in melanoma chemotherapy.
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26
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Augello MA, Berman-Booty LD, Carr R, Yoshida A, Dean JL, Schiewer MJ, Feng FY, Tomlins SA, Gao E, Koch WJ, Benovic JL, Diehl JA, Knudsen KE. Consequence of the tumor-associated conversion to cyclin D1b. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:628-47. [PMID: 25787974 PMCID: PMC4492821 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that cyclin D1b, a variant of cyclin D1, is associated with tumor progression and poor outcome. However, the underlying molecular basis was unknown. Here, novel models were created to generate a genetic switch from cyclin D1 to cyclin D1b. Extensive analyses uncovered overlapping but non-redundant functions of cyclin D1b compared to cyclin D1 on developmental phenotypes, and illustrated the importance of the transcriptional regulatory functions of cyclin D1b in vivo. Data obtained identify cyclin D1b as an oncogene, wherein cyclin D1b expression under the endogenous promoter induced cellular transformation and further cooperated with known oncogenes to promote tumor growth in vivo. Further molecular interrogation uncovered unexpected links between cyclin D1b and the DNA damage/PARP1 regulatory networks, which could be exploited to suppress cyclin D1b-driven tumors. Collectively, these data are the first to define the consequence of cyclin D1b expression on normal cellular function, present evidence for cyclin D1b as an oncogene, and provide pre-clinical evidence of effective methods to thwart growth of cells dependent upon this oncogenic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Augello
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa D Berman-Booty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Carr
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffry L Dean
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Pharmacology & Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Pharmacology & Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Alan Diehl
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Impairment of the non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination pathways of DNA double strand break repair: Impact on spontaneous and radiation-induced mammary and intestinal tumour risk in Apc mice. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 35:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Zhu Q, Wang X, Hu Y, He X, Gong G, Xu Y. Discovery and SAR study of 2-(1-propylpiperidin-4-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-7-carboxamide: A potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) for the treatment of cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6551-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Xie Z, Zhou Y, Zhao W, Jiao H, Chen Y, Yang Y, Li Z. Identification of novel PARP-1 inhibitors: Drug design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4557-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Feng FY, de Bono JS, Rubin MA, Knudsen KE. Chromatin to Clinic: The Molecular Rationale for PARP1 Inhibitor Function. Mol Cell 2015; 58:925-34. [PMID: 26091341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors were recently shown to have potential clinical impact in a number of disease settings, particularly as related to cancer therapy, treatment for cardiovascular dysfunction, and suppression of inflammation. The molecular basis for PARP1 inhibitor function is complex, and appears to depend on the dual roles of PARP1 in DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation. Here, the mechanisms by which PARP-1 inhibitors elicit clinical response are discussed, and strategies for translating the preclinical elucidation of PARP-1 function into advances in disease management are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Y Feng
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Institute for Precision Medicine of Weill Cornell Medical College and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College; Meyer Cancer Center of Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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31
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van der Noll R, Marchetti S, Steeghs N, Beijnen JH, Mergui-Roelvink MWJ, Harms E, Rehorst H, Sonke GS, Schellens JHM. Long-term safety and anti-tumour activity of olaparib monotherapy after combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced breast, ovarian or fallopian tube cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:396-402. [PMID: 26180927 PMCID: PMC4522644 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olaparib (AZD2281), a PARP-1/2 inhibitor, has been extensively investigated in clinical trials. However, limited clinical data are available about its long-term safety and anti-tumour activity. METHODS Patients had first participated in a phase I study of olaparib combined with carboplatin and/or paclitaxel. They continued with olaparib monotherapy in their best interest if they failed to tolerate the combination due to the treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Safety data were collected by physical examination and regular laboratory evaluations. Disease evaluations were performed by CT scan. RESULTS At data cutoff, 21 patients were included; 10 with breast, 9 with ovarian and 2 with fallopian tube cancer of whom 16 patients had a BRCA mutation (13 BRCA1; 3 BRCA2). TRAEs were mostly haematological and most prominent shortly after switching from combination to monotherapy, probably due to carry-over effects of chemotherapy. Over time, both severity and frequency of TRAEs decreased. Responses to olaparib were durable with a median treatment duration of 52 (range 7-183) weeks. In total, nine (43%) patients were still on study at data cutoff. CONCLUSION Continued long-term daily olaparib was found to be safe and tolerable. Encouragingly, patients who showed a favourable response on earlier combination therapy maintained this response on olaparib monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud van der Noll
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Marchetti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- 1] Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands [2] Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Marja W J Mergui-Roelvink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy Harms
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Harriet Rehorst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gabe S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H M Schellens
- 1] Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands [2] Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
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Bridges KA, Toniatti C, Buser CA, Liu H, Buchholz TA, Meyn RE. Niraparib (MK-4827), a novel poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitor, radiosensitizes human lung and breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5076-86. [PMID: 24970803 PMCID: PMC4148123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess niraparib (MK-4827), a novel poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, for its ability to radiosensitize human tumor cells. Human tumor cells derived from lung, breast and prostate cancers were tested for radiosensitization by niraparib using clonogenic survival assays. Both p53 wild-type and p53-defective lines were included. The ability of niraparib to alter the repair of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) was determined using detection of γ-H2AX foci and RAD51 foci. Clonogenic survival analyses indicated that micromolar concentrations of niraparib radiosensitized tumor cell lines derived from lung, breast, and prostate cancers independently of their p53 status but not cell lines derived from normal tissues. Niraparib also sensitized tumor cells to H2O2 and converted H2O2-induced single strand breaks (SSBs) into DSBs during DNA replication. These results indicate that human tumor cells are significantly radiosensitized by the potent and selective PARP-1 inhibitor, niraparib, in the in vitro setting. The mechanism of this effect appears to involve a conversion of sublethal SSBs into lethal DSBs during DNA replication due to the inhibition of base excision repair by the drug. Taken together, our findings strongly support the clinical evaluation of niraparib in combination with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Bridges
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Huifeng Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas A Buchholz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Raymond E Meyn
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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33
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Genomic profiling guides the choice of molecular targeted therapy of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:1-6. [PMID: 25890222 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the worst five-year survival rate of all malignancies due to its aggressive progression and resistance to therapy. Current therapies are limited to gemcitabine-based chemotherapeutics, surgery, and radiation. The current trend toward "personalized genomic medicine" has the potential to improve the treatment options for pancreatic cancer. Gene identification and genetic alterations like single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations will allow physicians to predict the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, which could help diagnose pancreatic cancer, guide neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment, and evaluate patients' prognosis. This article reviews the multifaceted roles of genomics and pharmacogenomics in pancreatic cancer.
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34
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Kummar S, Oza AM, Fleming GF, Sullivan DM, Gandara DR, Naughton MJ, Villalona-Calero MA, Morgan RJ, Szabo PM, Youn A, Chen AP, Ji J, Allen DE, Lih CJ, Mehaffey MG, Walsh WD, McGregor PM, Steinberg SM, Williams PM, Kinders RJ, Conley BA, Simon RM, Doroshow JH. Randomized Trial of Oral Cyclophosphamide and Veliparib in High-Grade Serous Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancers, or BRCA-Mutant Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1574-82. [PMID: 25589624 PMCID: PMC4383665 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Veliparib, a PARP inhibitor, demonstrated clinical activity in combination with oral cyclophosphamide in patients with BRCA-mutant solid tumors in a phase I trial. To define the relative contribution of PARP inhibition to the observed clinical activity, we conducted a randomized phase II trial to determine the response rate of veliparib in combination with cyclophosphamide compared with cyclophosphamide alone in patients with pretreated BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer or in patients with pretreated primary peritoneal, fallopian tube, or high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Adult patients were randomized to receive cyclophosphamide alone (50 mg orally once daily) or with veliparib (60 mg orally once daily) in 21-day cycles. Crossover to the combination was allowed at disease progression. RESULTS Seventy-five patients were enrolled and 72 were evaluable for response; 38 received cyclophosphamide alone and 37 the combination as their initial treatment regimen. Treatment was well tolerated. One complete response was observed in each arm, with three partial responses (PR) in the combination arm and six PRs in the cyclophosphamide alone arm. Genetic sequence and expression analyses were performed for 211 genes involved in DNA repair; none of the detected genetic alterations were significantly associated with treatment benefit. CONCLUSION This is the first trial that evaluated single-agent, low-dose cyclophosphamide in HGSOC, peritoneal, fallopian tube, and BRCA-mutant ovarian cancers. It was well tolerated and clinical activity was observed; the addition of veliparib at 60 mg daily did not improve either the response rate or the median progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaani Kummar
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gini F Fleming
- The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - David R Gandara
- University of California Davis Cancer Center, Davis, California
| | | | - Miguel A Villalona-Calero
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert J Morgan
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Peter M Szabo
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ahrim Youn
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alice P Chen
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jiuping Ji
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Deborah E Allen
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chih-Jian Lih
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michele G Mehaffey
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - William D Walsh
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Paul M McGregor
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - P Mickey Williams
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert J Kinders
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Barbara A Conley
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard M Simon
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James H Doroshow
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Sun HJ, Meng LY, Shen Y, Zhu YZ, Liu HR. S-benzyl-cysteine-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis involving activation of mitochondrial-dependent caspase cascade through the p53 pathway in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:6379-84. [PMID: 24377536 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.11.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
S-benzyl-cysteine (SBC) is a structural analog of S-allylcysteine (SAC), which is one of the major water- soluble compounds in aged garlic extract. In this study, anticancer activities and the underlying mechanisms of SBC action were investigated and compared these with those of SAC using human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. SBC significantly suppressed the survival rate of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and the inhibitory activities of SBC were stronger than those of SAC. Flow cytometry revealed that SBC induced G2-phase arrest and apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Typical apoptotic morphological changes were observed by Hoechst 33258 dye assay. SBC-treatment dramatically induced the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and enhanced the enzymatic activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3 whilst hardly affecting caspase-8 activity. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that SBC-induced apoptosis was accompanied by up-regulation of the expression of p53, Bax and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. Taken together, this study suggested that SBC exerts cytotoxic activity involving activation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through p53 and Bax/Bcl-2 pathways in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China E-mail :
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Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common adult malignant primary brain tumor. Despite the advances in therapeutic options, survival of patients with glioblastoma remains dismal at 15-18 months. Current standard of care for newly diagnosed glioblastoma is maximal possible safe resection consistent with the preservation of neurologic function followed by concurrent temozolomide with radiation and adjuvant. Treatment options at recurrence include surgical resection with or without the placement of carmustine wafers, re-irradiation and chemotherapeutics such as nitrosoureas (lomustine, carmustine) or bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyshak Alva Venur
- Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, S73, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Johnson AM, Zuhlke KA, Plotts C, McDonnell SK, Middha S, Riska SM, Thibodeau SN, Douglas JA, Cooney KA. Mutational landscape of candidate genes in familial prostate cancer. Prostate 2014; 74:1371-8. [PMID: 25111073 PMCID: PMC4142071 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history is a major risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa), suggesting a genetic component to the disease. However, traditional linkage and association studies have failed to fully elucidate the underlying genetic basis of familial PCa. METHODS Here, we use a candidate gene approach to identify potential PCa susceptibility variants in whole exome sequencing data from familial PCa cases. Six hundred ninety-seven candidate genes were identified based on function, location near a known chromosome 17 linkage signal, and/or previous association with prostate or other cancers. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in these candidate genes were identified in whole exome sequence data from 33 PCa cases from 11 multiplex PCa families (3 cases/family). RESULTS Overall, 4,856 candidate gene SNVs were identified, including 1,052 missense and 10 nonsense variants. Twenty missense variants were shared by all three family members in each family in which they were observed. Additionally, 15 missense variants were shared by two of three family members and predicted to be deleterious by five different algorithms. Four missense variants, BLM Gln123Arg, PARP2 Arg283Gln, LRCC46 Ala295Thr and KIF2B Pro91Leu, and one nonsense variant, CYP3A43 Arg441Ter, showed complete co-segregation with PCa status. Twelve additional variants displayed partial co-segregation with PCa. CONCLUSIONS Forty-three nonsense and shared, missense variants were identified in our candidate genes. Further research is needed to determine the contribution of these variants to PCa susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kimberly A. Zuhlke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chris Plotts
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Sumit Middha
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Shaun M. Riska
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Julie A. Douglas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kathleen A. Cooney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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van den Broek AJ, de Ruiter K, van 't Veer LJ, Tollenaar RAEM, van Leeuwen FE, Verhoef S, Schmidt MK. Evaluation of the Dutch BRCA1/2 clinical genetic center referral criteria in an unselected early breast cancer population. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:588-95. [PMID: 25138101 PMCID: PMC4402636 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of the Dutch Clinical Genetic Center (CGC) referral guidelines for BRCA1/2 mutation testing in 903 early breast cancer patients, unselected for family history, diagnosed in a cancer hospital before the age of 50 years in 1974-2002; most prevalent Dutch pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutations had been analyzed on coded DNA in a research setting. Forty-nine (5.4%) of the patients were proven to be BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. We found that 78% and 69% of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers identified met the criteria for referral to the CGC based on age, family history and synchronous multiple tumors; reflected by a combined sensitivity of 75.5% and specificity of 63.2%. More than half of the BRCA1 mutation carriers, that is, 58% had a triple-negative tumor. The highest AUC was obtained by shifting the age at diagnosis threshold criterion from 40 to 35 years and by adding a 'triple-negative breast cancer' criterion with an age threshold of 45 years; the specificity increased to 71.2%, whereas the sensitivity remained the same; that is, a referral of fewer patients will lead to the identification of at least the same number of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Two-thirds of the BRCA1/2 mutation carriers identified in this research setting had been referred for counseling and testing. Our results indicate that, awaiting a possibly more extended mutation screening of all breast cancer patients, the triple-negative status of a breast cancer should be added to the CGC referral criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J van den Broek
- 1] Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands [2] Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karen de Ruiter
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Senno Verhoef
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- 1] Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands [2] Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Owonikoko TK, Zhang G, Deng X, Rossi MR, Switchenko JM, Doho GH, Chen Z, Kim S, Strychor S, Christner SM, Beumer J, Li C, Yue P, Chen A, Sica GL, Ramalingam SS, Kowalski J, Khuri FR, Sun SY. Poly (ADP) ribose polymerase enzyme inhibitor, veliparib, potentiates chemotherapy and radiation in vitro and in vivo in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2014; 3:1579-94. [PMID: 25124282 PMCID: PMC4298385 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) plays a key role in DNA repair and is highly expressed in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We investigated the therapeutic impact of PARP inhibition in SCLC. In vitro cytotoxicity of veliparib, cisplatin, carboplatin, and etoposide singly and combined was determined by MTS in 9 SCLC cell lines (H69, H128, H146, H526, H187, H209, DMS53, DMS153, and DMS114). Subcutaneous xenografts in athymic nu/nu mice of H146 and H128 cells with relatively high and low platinum sensitivity, respectively, were employed for in vivo testing. Mechanisms of differential sensitivity of SCLC cell lines to PARP inhibition were investigated by comparing protein and gene expression profiles of the platinum sensitive and the less sensitive cell lines. Veliparib showed limited single-agent cytotoxicity but selectively potentiated (≥50% reduction in IC50) cisplatin, carboplatin, and etoposide in vitro in five of nine SCLC cell lines. Veliparib with cisplatin or etoposide or with both cisplatin and etoposide showed greater delay in tumor growth than chemotherapy alone in H146 but not H128 xenografts. The potentiating effect of veliparib was associated with in vitro cell line sensitivity to cisplatin (CC = 0.672; P = 0.048) and DNA-PKcs protein modulation. Gene expression profiling identified differential expression of a 5-gene panel (GLS, UBEC2, HACL1, MSI2, and LOC100129585) in cell lines with relatively greater sensitivity to platinum and veliparib combination. Veliparib potentiates standard cytotoxic agents against SCLC in a cell-specific manner. This potentiation correlates with platinum sensitivity, DNA-PKcs expression and a 5-gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Lupo B, Trusolino L. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in cancer: old and new paradigms revisited. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:201-15. [PMID: 25026313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases actualized the biological concept of synthetic lethality in the clinical practice, yielding a paradigmatic example of translational medicine. The profound sensitivity of tumors with germline BRCA mutations to PARP1/2 blockade owes to inherent defects of the BRCA-dependent homologous recombination machinery, which are unleashed by interruption of PARP DNA repair activity and lead to DNA damage overload and cell death. Conversely, aspirant BRCA-like tumors harboring somatic DNA repair dysfunctions (a vast entity of genetic and epigenetic defects known as "BRCAness") not always align with the familial counterpart and appear not to be equally sensitive to PARP inhibition. The acquisition of secondary resistance in initially responsive patients and the lack of standardized biomarkers to identify "BRCAness" pose serious threats to the clinical advance of PARP inhibitors; a feeling is also emerging that a BRCA-centered perspective might have missed the influence of additional, not negligible and DNA repair-independent PARP contributions onto therapy outcome. While regulatory approval for PARP1/2 inhibitors is still pending, novel therapeutic opportunities are sprouting from different branches of the PARP family, although they remain immature for clinical extrapolation. This review is an endeavor to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the multifaceted biology of PARPs and their evolving impact on cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lupo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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Abstract
Medical therapies are an important part of adjunctive therapy for gliomas. In this chapter we will review the chemotherapeutic and targeted agents that have been evaluated in clinical trials in grade II-IV gliomas in the last decade. A number of randomized phase III trials were completed and reported. There has been a clear success in oligodendroglial tumors and low grade glioma. Although some progress has been made in glioblastoma, considerable work involving the multidisciplinary collaboration of basic science, translational and clinical investigators needs to be done to improve the outcome of patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma. In addition, tailoring treatment based on molecular cytogenetic characteristics is a major focus of research into precision based medicine for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- The Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Speers C, Feng FY, Pierce LJ. PARP-1 inhibitors and radiotherapy sensitivity: future prospects for therapy? BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt.14.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Despite the efficacy of multimodality treatment for women with breast cancer, sustained locoregional control remains a significant issue. Efforts to identify effective targeted therapies for treatment of these patients have intensified in recent years. The PARP family of proteins represents one potential target. PARP-1 is a DNA repair enzyme that plays a critical role in base excision repair, homologous recombination, nonhomologous end joining and transcriptional regulation. In this review, we discuss the rationale for using PARP-1 inhibitors clinically, the role of PARP-1 in DNA damage repair and the potential clinical utility of using PARP-1 inhibitors as a radiosensitization strategy. We will also review the most relevant clinical trials using various PARP-1 inhibitors and the future of biomarker development to predict response to PARP-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lori J Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Efremova AS, Zakharenko AL, Shram SI, Kulikova IV, Drenichev MS, Sukhanova MV, Khodyreva SN, Myasoedov NF, Lavrik OI, Mikhailov SN. Disaccharide pyrimidine nucleosides and their derivatives: a novel group of cell-penetrating inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 32:510-28. [PMID: 24079274 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.827793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 30 synthetic nucleosides were tested with human recombinant poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 as potential inhibitors of this enzyme. The most active compounds were some disaccharide analogues of thymidine: 3'-O-β-D-ribofuranosyl-5-iodo-dUrd (2d; IC₅₀ = 45 μM), 3'-O-β-D-ribofuranosyl-2'-deoxythymidine (2e; IC₅₀ = 38 μM), and 3'-O-β-D-ribofuranosyl-2'-deoxythymidine oxidized (4; IC₅₀ = 25 μM). These compounds also reduced H₂O₂-induced synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) in cultured human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3) cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, compounds 2d or 2e until a concentration of 1 mM did not affect growth of SKOV-3 cells, whereas dialdehyde compound 4, as well as thymidine, exhibited a significant cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Efremova
- a Institute of Molecular Genetics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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Mateo J, Ong M, Tan DSP, Gonzalez MA, de Bono JS. Appraising iniparib, the PARP inhibitor that never was--what must we learn? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2013; 10:688-96. [PMID: 24129347 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Several drugs targeting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes are under development. Responses have been observed in patients with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, with further data supporting antitumour activity of PARP inhibitors in sporadic ovarian cancer. Strategies to identify other predictive biomarkers remain under investigation. Iniparib was purported to be a PARP inhibitor that showed promising results in randomized phase II trials in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Negative results from a phase III study in this disease setting, however, tempered enthusiasm for this agent. Recently, data from in vitro experiments suggest that iniparib is not only structurally distinct from other described PARP inhibitors, but is also a poor inhibitor of PARP activity. In this context, the negative iniparib phase III data might have erroneously promulgated the notion that PARP inhibition is not an effective therapeutic strategy. Here, we scrutinize the development of iniparib from preclinical studies to registration trials, and identify and discuss the pitfalls in the development of anticancer drugs to prevent future late-stage trial failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Mateo
- Drug Development Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics and Division of Clinical Studies, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
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Sayed-Ahmed MM, Hafez MM, Al-Shabanah OA, Al-Rejaie SS, Aleisa AM, Al-Yahya AA, Alsheikh A, Diab AIA, Al-Akeely MH. Increased expression of biological markers as potential therapeutic targets in Saudi women with triple-negative breast cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2013; 99:545-54. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161309900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks the expression of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Although TNBC represents only 15% of all types of breast cancer, it accounts for a large number of metastatic cases and deaths. Because of the high metastatic rate and both local and systemic recurrence associated with TNBC, extensive research efforts are actively looking for target therapies to effectively treat this aggressive disease. Accordingly, this study has been initiated to investigate the differential expression of biological markers in TNBC and non-TNBC Saudi women that might be utilized as potential targeted therapy and/or predict the sensitivity to currently available therapeutic regimens. Methods and study design Two hundred formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues were selected and divided into 3 groups: benign breast tissues (20), TNBC tissues (80) and non-TNBC tissues (100). Expression of mRNA in FFPE tissues was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the following genes: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), topoisomerase 2A (TOPO-2A), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), C-MYC, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), human epidermal growth factor 1 (HER1) and multidrug resistance (MDR) genes. Results In the TNBC group, expression of PARP-1, TOPO-2A, HER1, C-MYC, VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 showed a highly significant increase compared to the non-TNBC group. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that (1) TNBC patients will benefit more from TOPO-2A inhibitors as well as antiangiogenic and antimetastatic therapies; (2) inhibition of these target genes is emerging as one of the most exciting and promising targeted therapeutic strategies to treat TNBC in which the intended targets are DNA repair, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Abdualla Al-Shabanah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Salih Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Mohamed Aleisa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdulrhman Al-Yahya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik Alsheikh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurrahman Ibrahim Al Diab
- Oncology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hamad Al-Akeely
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ye N, Chen CH, Chen T, Song Z, He JX, Huan XJ, Song SS, Liu Q, Chen Y, Ding J, Xu Y, Miao ZH, Zhang A. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Benzo[de][1,7]naphthyridin-7(8H)-ones Bearing a Functionalized Longer Chain Appendage as Novel PARP1 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2885-903. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301825t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Chuan-Huizi Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - TianTian Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Zilan Song
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Jin-Xue He
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Qiufeng Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Jian Ding
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Yechun Xu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal
Chemistry Laboratory, ‡State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, and §CAS Key Laboratory
of Receptor Research, and Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
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Abbas S. Molecular biology of adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic duct, current state and future therapeutic avenues. Surg Oncol 2013; 22:69-76. [PMID: 23415924 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease; currently surgery offers five years survival of less than 5%. Any improvement in the outcome is likely to be through novel therapeutic agents that will target the genetic machinery of the cell. Knowledge of genetic alterations in the process of carcinogenesis is expanding rapidly, the targeted therapy, however, is progressing slowly. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma displays a variety of molecular changes that evolve exponentially with time and lend the cancer cells their ability not only to survive, but also to invade the surrounding tissues and metastasise to distant sites. These changes involve genetic alteration in oncogenes, cancer suppressor genes, changes in cell cycle, pathways of apoptosis and also changes in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Monotherapeutic targeted agents seem(s) to have limited effect on cancer cells. The near future is likely to show an improvement in the treatment outcome, which is likely to be a result of the combination of targeted agents with surgery and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Abbas
- Deakin University, Barwon Health, Bellerine St, Geelong 3200, Vic, Australia.
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48
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Montariello D, Troiano A, Malanga M, Calabrò V, Quesada P. p63 involvement in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 signaling of topoisomerase I-dependent DNA damage in carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:999-1006. [PMID: 23376119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP-1) inhibitors are thought as breakthrough for cancer treatment in solid tumors such as breast cancer through their effects on PARP's enzymatic activity. Our previous findings showed that the hydrophilic PARP inhibitor PJ34 enhances the sensitivity of p53 proficient MCF7 breast carcinoma cells to topotecan, a DNA Topoisomerase I (TOP 1) inhibitor. In the present study, we combine the classical TOP 1 poison camptothecin or its water-soluble derivative topotecan with PJ34 to investigate the potentiation of chemotherapeutic efficiency in MCF7 (p53(WT)), MDA-MB231 (p53(mut)) breast carcinoma cells and SCC022 (p53(null)) squamous carcinoma cells. We show that, following TPT-PJ34 combined treatment, MCF7 cells exhibit apoptotic death while MDA-MB231 and SCC022 cells are more resistant to these agents. Specifically, in MCF7, (i) PJ34 in combination with TPT causes a G2/M cell cycle arrest followed by massive apoptosis; (ii) PJ34 addition reverts TPT-dependent PARP-1 automodification and triggers caspase-dependent PARP-1 proteolysis; (iii) TPT, used as a single agent, stimulates p53 expression while in combination with PJ34 increases p53, TAp63α and TAp63γ protein levels with a concomitant reduction of MDM2 protein. The identification of p63 proteins as new players involved in the cancer cell response to TPT-PJ34 is relevant for a better understanding of the PARP1-dependent signaling of DNA damage. Furthermore, our data indicate that, in response to TPT-PJ34 combined chemotherapy, a functional cooperation between p53 and TAp63 proteins may occur and be essential to trigger apoptotic cell death.
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Xie SQ, Zhang YH, Li Q, Xu FH, Miao JW, Zhao J, Wang CJ. 3-Nitro-naphthalimide and nitrogen mustard conjugate NNM-25 induces hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis via PARP-1/p53 pathway. Apoptosis 2012; 17:725-34. [PMID: 22395446 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the main causes of death in cancer. Some naphthalimide derivatives exert high anti-proliferative effects on HCC. In this study, it is confirmed that 3-nitro-naphthalimide and nitrogen mustard conjugate (NNM-25), a novel compound conjugated by NNM-25, displayed more potent therapeutic action on HCC, both in vivo and in vitro, than amonafide, a naphthalimide drug in clinical trials. More importantly, preliminary toxicological evaluation also supported that NNM-25 exhibited less systemic toxicity than amonafide at the therapeutic dose. The antitumor mechanism of conjugates of naphthalimides with nitrogen mustard remains poorly understood up to now. Here, we first reported that apoptosis might be the terminal fate of cancer cells treated with NNM-25. Inhibition of p53 by siRNA resulted in a significant decrease of NNM-25-induced apoptosis, which corroborated that p53 played a vital role in the cell apoptosis triggered by NNM-25. NNM-25 inhibited the PARP-1 activity, AKT phosphorylation, up-regulated the protein expression of p53, Bad, and mTOR as well as down-regulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. It also facilitated cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm, activated caspase 8, caspase 9, and caspase 3 in HepG2 cells in vitro, as also authenticated in H22 tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Collectively, the conjugation of naphthalimides with nitrogen mustard provides favorable biological activity and thus is a valuable strategy for future drug design in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-qiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Zhu Y, Li G, Dong Y, Zhou HH, Kong B, Aleksunes LM, Richardson JR, Li F, Guo GL. Modulation of farnesoid X receptor results in post-translational modification of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in the liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23178280 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. FXR deficiency in mice results in cholestasis, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis in liver and intestine. FXR is known to contribute to pathogenesis by regulating gene transcription; however, changes in the post-transcriptional modification of proteins associated with FXR modulation have not been determined. In the current study, proteomic analysis of the livers of wild-type (WT) and FXR knockout (FXR-KO) mice treated with a FXR synthetic ligand or vehicle was performed. The results identified five proteins as novel FXR targets. Since FXR deficiency in mice leads to liver tumorigenesis, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 (Parp1) that is important for DNA repair, was validated in the current study by quantitative real-time PCR, and 1- and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis/western blot. The results showed that Parp1 mRNA levels were not altered by FXR genetic status or by agonist treatment. However, total Parp1 protein levels were increased in FXR-KO mice as early as 3 month old. Interestingly, total Parp1 protein levels were increased in WT mice in an age-dependent manner (from 3 to 18 months), but not in FXR-KO mice. Finally, activation of FXR in WT mice resulted in reduction of phosporylated Parp1 protein in the liver without affecting total Parp1 protein levels. In conclusion, this study reveals that FXR genetic status and agonist treatment affects basal levels and phosphorylation state of Parp1, respectively. These alterations, in turn, may be associated with the hepatobiliary alterations observed in FXR-KO mice and participate in FXR agonist-induced protection in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
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