1
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Yeh YW, Hsu TW, Su YH, Wang CH, Liao PH, Chiu CF, Tseng PC, Chen TM, Lee WR, Tzeng YS. Silencing of Dicer enhances dacarbazine resistance in melanoma cells by inhibiting ADSL expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:12873-12889. [PMID: 37976135 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Dacarbazine (DTIC) is the primary first-line treatment for advanced-stage metastatic melanoma; thus, DTIC resistance is poses a major challenge. Therefore, investigating the mechanism underlying DTIC resistance must be investigated. Dicer, a type III cytoplasmic endoribonuclease, plays a pivotal role in the maturation of miRNAs. Aberrant Dicer expression may contribute to tumor progression, clinical aggressiveness, and poor prognosis in various tumors. Dicer inhibition led to a reduction in DTIC sensitivity and an augmentation in stemness in melanoma cells. Clinical analyses indicated a low Dicer expression level as a predictor of poor prognosis factor. Metabolic alterations in tumor cells may interfere with drug response. Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) is a crucial enzyme in the purine metabolism pathway. An imbalance in ADSL may interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. We discovered that DTIC treatment enhanced ADSL expression and that Dicer silencing significantly reduced ADSL expression in melanoma cells. Furthermore, ADSL overexpression reversed Dicer silencing induced DTIC resistance and cancer stemness. These findings indicate that Dicer-mediated ADSL regulation influences DTIC sensitivity and stemness in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 105, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hao Su
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Liao
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Chiu
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Tseng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital, Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tim-Mo Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Woan-Ruoh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
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2
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Lausten MA, Boman BM. A Review of IsomiRs in Colorectal Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37368334 PMCID: PMC10300944 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As advancements in sequencing technology rapidly continue to develop, a new classification of microRNAs has occurred with the discovery of isomiRs, which are relatively common microRNAs with sequence variations compared to their established template microRNAs. This review article seeks to compile all known information about isomiRs in colorectal cancer (CRC), which has not, to our knowledge, been gathered previously to any great extent. A brief overview is given of the history of microRNAs, their implications in colon cancer, the canonical pathway of biogenesis and isomiR classification. This is followed by a comprehensive review of the literature that is available on microRNA isoforms in CRC. The information on isomiRs presented herein shows that isomiRs hold great promise for translation into new diagnostics and therapeutics in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Lausten
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Bruce M. Boman
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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3
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Hou L, Xing N, Yue Z, Wu J, Wang F, Guo Z. Dicer induced reactive oxygen species inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma through interacting with cytochrome c oxidase. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2082318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Animal Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Guo
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P. R. China
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Rajasekaran S, Khan E, Ching SR, Khan M, Siddiqui J, Gradia DF, Lin C, Bouley SJ, Mercadante D, Manning AL, Gerber AP, Walker J, Miles W. PUMILIO competes with AUF1 to control DICER1 RNA levels and miRNA processing. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7048-7066. [PMID: 35736218 PMCID: PMC9262620 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DICER1 syndrome is a cancer pre-disposition disorder caused by mutations that disrupt the function of DICER1 in miRNA processing. Studying the molecular, cellular and oncogenic effects of these mutations can reveal novel mechanisms that control cell homeostasis and tumor biology. Here, we conduct the first analysis of pathogenic DICER1 syndrome allele from the DICER1 3'UTR. We find that the DICER1 syndrome allele, rs1252940486, abolishes interaction with the PUMILIO RNA binding protein with the DICER1 3'UTR, resulting in the degradation of the DICER1 mRNA by AUF1. This single mutational event leads to diminished DICER1 mRNA and protein levels, and widespread reprogramming of miRNA networks. The in-depth characterization of the rs1252940486 DICER1 allele, reveals important post-transcriptional regulatory events that control DICER1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Rajasekaran
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eshan Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Samuel R Ching
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Misbah Khan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jalal K Siddiqui
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Daniela F Gradia
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Chenyu Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bouley
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dayna L Mercadante
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Amity L Manning
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - André P Gerber
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - James A Walker
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wayne O Miles
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 614 366 2869;
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Kaller M, Hünten S, Siemens H, Hermeking H. Analysis of the p53/microRNA Network in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1385:187-228. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08356-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Szczyrek M, Grenda A, Kuźnar-Kamińska B, Krawczyk P, Sawicki M, Batura-Gabryel H, Mlak R, Szudy-Szczyrek A, Krajka T, Krajka A, Milanowski J. Methylation of DROSHA and DICER as a Biomarker for the Detection of Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236139. [PMID: 34885248 PMCID: PMC8657200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To identify possible biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer we assessed the methylation status of genes related to carcinogenesis, DICER and DROSHA, in lung cancer patients and healthy volunteers. The relative level of methylation of DROSHA was significantly lower and DICER significantly higher in cancer patients. The relative level of methylation of DROSHA was significantly higher in patients with early-stage NSCLC (IA-IIIA) and could discriminate them from healthy people with a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 76% for the first region and with a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 85% for the second region. Analysis of the first region of the DICER enabled the distinction of NSCLC patients from healthy individuals with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 60%. The results indicate that the assessment of DICER and DROSHA methylation status can potentially be used as a biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer. Abstract Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis may improve the prognosis. Methods: Using quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR (qMSP-PCR), we assessed the methylation status of two genes (in two subsequent regions according to locations in their promoter sequences) related to carcinogenesis, DICER and DROSHA, in 101 plasma samples (obtained prior to the treatment) of lung cancer patients and 45 healthy volunteers. Results: The relative level of methylation of DROSHA was significantly lower (p = 0.012 for first and p < 0.00001 for the second region) and DICER significantly higher (p = 0.029 for the first region) in cancer patients. The relative level of methylation of DROSHA was significantly (p = 0.037) higher in patients with early-stage NSCLC (IA-IIIA) and could discriminate them from healthy people with a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 76% (AUC = 0.696, 95% CI: 0.545–0.847, p = 0.011) for the first region and with a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 85% (AUC = 0.795, 95% CI: 0.689–0.901, p < 0.0001) for the second region. Methylation analysis of the first region of the DICER enabled the distinction of NSCLC patients from healthy individuals with a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 60% (AUC = 0.651, 95% CI: 0.517–0.785, p = 0.027). The limitations of the study include its small sample size, preliminary nature, being an observational type of study, and the lack of functional experiments allowing for the explanation of the biologic backgrounds of the observed associations. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that the assessment of DICER and DROSHA methylation status can potentially be used as a biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szczyrek
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Barbara Kuźnar-Kamińska
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (B.K.-K.); (H.B.-G.)
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Marek Sawicki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Batura-Gabryel
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (B.K.-K.); (H.B.-G.)
| | - Radosław Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Krajka
- Division of Mathematics, Department of Production Computerisation and Robotisation, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Krajka
- Institute of Computer Science, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.K.); (J.M.)
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7
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Dougherty U, Mustafi R, Zhu H, Zhu X, Deb D, Meredith SC, Ayaloglu-Butun F, Fletcher M, Sanchez A, Pekow J, Deng Z, Amini N, Konda VJ, Rao VL, Sakuraba A, Kwesi A, Kupfer SS, Fichera A, Joseph L, Hart J, He F, He TC, West-Szymanski D, Li YC, Bissonnette M. Upregulation of polycistronic microRNA-143 and microRNA-145 in colonocytes suppresses colitis and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Epigenetics 2021; 16:1317-1334. [PMID: 33356812 PMCID: PMC8813074 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1863117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because ADAM17 promotes colonic tumorigenesis, we investigated potential miRNAs regulating ADAM17; and examined effects of diet and tumorigenesis on these miRNAs. We also examined pre-miRNA processing and tumour suppressor roles of several of these miRNAs in experimental colon cancer. Using TargetScan, miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 were predicted to regulate ADAM17. miR-143 was also investigated as miR-143 and miR-145 are co-transcribed and associated with decreased tumour growth. HCT116 colon cancer cells (CCC) were co-transfected with predicted ADAM17-regulating miRNAs and luciferase reporters controlled by ADAM17-3'UTR. Separately, pre-miR-143 processing by colonic cells was measured. miRNAs were quantified by RT-PCR. Tumours were induced with AOM/DSS in WT and transgenic mice (Tg) expressing pre-miR-143/miR-145 under villin promoter. HCT116 transfection with miR-145, -148a or -152, but not scrambled miRNA inhibited ADAM17 expression and luciferase activity. The latter was suppressed by mutations in ADAM17-3'UTR. Lysates from colonocytes, but not CCC, processed pre-miR-143 and mixing experiments suggested CCC lacked a competency factor. Colonic miR-143, miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 were downregulated in tumours and more moderately by feeding mice a Western diet. Tg mice were resistant to DSS colitis and had significantly lower cancer incidence and tumour multiplicity. Tg expression blocked up-regulation of putative targets of miR-143 and miR-145, including ADAM17, K-Ras, XPO5, and SET. miR-145, miR-148a, and miR-152 directly suppress colonocyte ADAM17 and are down-regulated in colon cancer. This is the first direct demonstration of tumour suppressor roles for miR-143 and miR-145 in an in vivo model of colonic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reba Mustafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Dilip Deb
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arantxa Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Nader Amini
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Vani J Konda
- Department of Medicine, Baylor University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vijaya L. Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - Akushika Kwesi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | - Loren Joseph
- Departments of Pathology, Beth Israel, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Hart
- Departments of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Fang He
- Departments of Orthopedics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Departments of Orthopedics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
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Okuda Y, Shimura T, Iwasaki H, Katano T, Kitagawa M, Nishigaki R, Fukusada S, Natsume M, Tanaka M, Nishie H, Ozeki K, Yamada T, Kataoka H. Serum Exosomal Dicer Is a Useful Biomarker for Early Detection of Differentiated Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Digestion 2021; 102:640-649. [PMID: 33049740 DOI: 10.1159/000510993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A recent basic study identified that Dicer is contained in exosomes derived from cancer cells and plays crucial roles in microRNA maturation and cancer development. Based on this novel basic concept, we analyzed the usefulness of serum exosomal Dicer as a diagnostic biomarker for gastrointestinal cancers. METHODS Enrolled participants (691) were categorized into 3 groups: gastric cancer (GC) cohort, 183 patients (90 healthy controls (HCs) and 93 GC patients); esophageal cancer (EC) cohort, 115 patients (90 HCs and 25 EC patients); and colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort, 188 patients (92 HCs and 96 CRC patients) after age- and sex matching using the propensity score. The quality of isolated serum exosomes was validated with an electron microscope, particle size analyzer, and exosome marker, CD63. RESULTS Serum exosomal Dicer was significantly higher in the GC group than in the HC group (p = 0.004), whereas no significant differences were found in both EC and CRC cohorts. Serum exosomal Dicer was significantly higher in only differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma and not in the undifferentiated type. Moreover, serum exosomal Dicer showed no significant differences regardless of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status. The biomarker panel combining serum exosomal Dicer with H. pylori status distinguished between HC and differentiated GC patients with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.762. As for early-stage diagnosis, this combination distinguished between HC and stage I differentiated GC with an AUC = 0.758. CONCLUSIONS Serum exosomal Dicer is a potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for early detection of differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan,
| | - Hiroyasu Iwasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahito Katano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mika Kitagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ruriko Nishigaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeki Fukusada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Natsume
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotada Nishie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiji Ozeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Patil N, Allgayer H, Leupold JH. MicroRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1277:1-31. [PMID: 33119862 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is decisive for the eradication or survival of any tumor mass. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role for metastasis and for providing the metastatic niche. The TME offers special physiological conditions and is composed of, for example, surrounding blood vessels, the extracellular matrix (ECM), diverse signaling molecules, exosomes and several cell types including, but not being limited to, infiltrated immune cells, cancer-associated endothelial cells (CAEs), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). These cells can additionally and significantly contribute to tumor and metastasis progression, especially also by acting via their own deregulated micro (mi) RNA expression or activity. Thus, miRNAs are essential players in the crosstalk between cancer cells and the TME. MiRNAs are small non-coding (nc) RNAs that typically inhibit translation and stability of messenger (m) RNAs, thus being able to regulate several cell functions including proliferation, migration, differentiation, survival, invasion, and several steps of the metastatic cascade. The dynamic interplay between miRNAs in different cell types or organelles such as exosomes, ECM macromolecules, and the TME plays critical roles in many aspects of cancer development. This chapter aims to give an overview on the multiple contributions of miRNAs as players within the TME, to summarize the role of miRNAs in the crosstalk between different cell populations found within the TME, and to illustrate how they act on tumorigenesis and the behavior of cells in the TME context. Lastly, the potential clinical utility of miRNAs for cancer therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Patil
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jörg H Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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10
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Dicing the Disease with Dicer: The Implications of Dicer Ribonuclease in Human Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197223. [PMID: 33007856 PMCID: PMC7583940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression dictates fundamental cellular processes and its de-regulation leads to pathological conditions. A key contributor to the fine-tuning of gene expression is Dicer, an RNA-binding protein (RBPs) that forms complexes and affects transcription by acting at the post-transcriptional level via the targeting of mRNAs by Dicer-produced small non-coding RNAs. This review aims to present the contribution of Dicer protein in a wide spectrum of human pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological, autoimmune, reproductive and cardiovascular diseases, as well as viral infections. Germline mutations of Dicer have been linked to Dicer1 syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that predisposes to the development of both benign and malignant tumors, but the exact correlation of Dicer protein expression within the different cancer types is unclear, and there are contradictions in the data. Downregulation of Dicer is related to Geographic atrophy (GA), a severe eye-disease that is a leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries, as well as to psychiatric and neurological diseases such as depression and Parkinson's disease, respectively. Both loss and upregulation of Dicer protein expression is implicated in severe autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Loss of Dicer contributes to cardiovascular diseases and causes defective germ cell differentiation and reproductive system abnormalities in both sexes. Dicer can also act as a strong antiviral with a crucial role in RNA-based antiviral immunity. In conclusion, Dicer is an essential enzyme for the maintenance of physiology due to its pivotal role in several cellular processes, and its loss or aberrant expression contributes to the development of severe human diseases. Further exploitation is required for the development of novel, more effective Dicer-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, with the goal of new clinical benefits and better quality of life for patients.
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11
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Zhang J, Cao Z, Yang G, You L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. MicroRNA-27a (miR-27a) in Solid Tumors: A Review Based on Mechanisms and Clinical Observations. Front Oncol 2019; 9:893. [PMID: 31572683 PMCID: PMC6751266 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of highly conserved, non-coding single-stranded RNAs transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors to an 18–22 nucleotide product (1). miRNAs can silence their homologous target genes at the post-transcriptional level, and these genes have been revealed to play an important role in tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis (2). MicroRNA-27a (miR-27a), transcripted by miR-27a gene, has proved to implicate with many kinds of solid tumors, showing potential as a useful biomarker or drug target for clinical application. However, even though miR-27a has been reported in many cancers, the mechanism and signal pathways of miR-27 in oncogenesis, invasion, and metastasis are still obscure. Moreover, recent studies show that miR-27a pays an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, regulating tumor immune response, and chemoresistance. In this review, we summarize the current literature, demonstrate the established link between miR-27a and tumorigenesis, and focus on recently identified mechanisms. The review also aims to demonstrate the potential of miR-27a as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker in solid tumors and to discuss the possibilities of targeted therapy and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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MicroRNA Biogenesis Pathway Genes Are Deregulated in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184460. [PMID: 31510013 PMCID: PMC6770105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Each step of their production and maturation has to be strictly regulated, as any disruption of control mechanisms may lead to cancer. Thus, we have measured the expression of 19 genes involved in miRNAs biogenesis pathway in tumor tissues of 239 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, 17 CRC patients with liver metastases and 239 adjacent tissues using real-time PCR. Subsequently, the expression of analyzed genes was correlated with the clinical-pathological features as well as with the survival of patients. In total, significant over-expression of all analyzed genes was observed in tumor tissues as well as in liver metastases except for LIN28A/B. Furthermore, it was shown that the deregulated levels of some of the analyzed genes significantly correlate with tumor stage, grade, location, size and lymph node positivity. Finally, high levels of DROSHA and TARBP2 were associated with shorter disease-free survival, while the over-expression of XPO5, TNRC6A and DDX17 was detected in tissues of patients with shorter overall survival and poor prognosis. Our data indicate that changed levels of miRNA biogenesis genes may contribute to origin as well as progression of CRC; thus, these molecules could serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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13
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Kim J, Lee J, Oh JH, Chang HJ, Sohn DK, Kwon O, Shin A, Kim J. Dietary Lutein Plus Zeaxanthin Intake and DICER1 rs3742330 A > G Polymorphism Relative to Colorectal Cancer Risk. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3406. [PMID: 30833603 PMCID: PMC6399314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether dietary lutein/zeaxanthin intake in colorectal cancer is associated with microRNA processing involved in DICER1 cleavage for messenger RNA translation. We investigated whether dietary lutein/zeaxanthin intake affects colorectal cancer risk in patients with a DICER1 rs3742330 polymorphism. In this hospital-based case-control study, we recruited 923 colorectal cancer patients and 1,846 controls based on eligibility criteria, a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and the DICER1 rs3742330 genotype. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression adjusted for confounders. The highest quartile of lutein/zeaxanthin consumption was inversely associated with a reduced colorectal cancer risk (OR, 95% CI = 0.25, 0.18-0.36). Carrying G allele (AG + GG) showed a significantly reduced colorectal cancer incidence compared with that of AA carriers (OR, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.55-0.91). Those carrying the G allele (AG + GG) along with high lutein/zeaxanthin consumption were markedly associated with a decreased colorectal cancer risk (OR, 95% CI = 0.32, 0.22-0.46, P for interaction = 0.018), particularly for rectal cancer (OR, 95% CI = 0.24, 0.15-0.39, P for interaction = 0.004), compared with that of AA carriers with low lutein/zeaxanthin intakes. In conclusion, colorectal cancer risk was related to an interactive effect between dietary lutein/zeaxanthin intake and the DICER1 rs3742330 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
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14
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Lu R, Wang Y, Xu X, Xie S, Wang Y, Zhong A, Zheng H, Yu Y, Gao X, Guo L. Establishment of a detection assay for DNA endonuclease activity and its application in the screening and prognosis of malignant lymphoma. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 19:6. [PMID: 30064372 PMCID: PMC6069817 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-018-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endonucleases play critical roles in maintaining genomic stability and regulating cell growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate detection of endonuclease activity as an indicator in the early diagnosis and prognosis of lymphoma. RESULTS The method of endonuclease activity determination was successfully established and applied to compare cancer patient and control cohorts. Endonuclease activities of cancer tissues were significantly higher than those of adjacent control tissues (P < 0.001). We next investigated endonuclease activity in peripheral blood of enrolled patients and the controls, which were also significantly higher in patients than in controls (P = 0.015). Additionally, endonuclease activities were elevated in the metastasis subgroup compared with the non-metastasis subgroup(P = 0.038), whereas no significant difference was found between age(≤ 56y, > 56y) and gender (P = 0.736 > 0.05 and P = 0.635 > 0.05, respectively). Although there was no significant difference between control group with the non-metastatic cancer patients (P = 0.800 > 0.05), endonuclease activities were lower in the control group compared with the non-metastatic cancer patients with lymphoma (P = 0.033). The progression-free survival probability of patients with elevated R ratios(R ratio ≥ 1.4) was significantly lower than that of patients with lower R ratios (R ratio < 1.4). CONCLUSIONS An assay was established to detect the endonuclease activity,which might be useful for the prognosis of cancers, especially lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321 China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321 China
| | - Suhong Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ailing Zhong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yiwen Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321 China
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15
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Shan W, Sun C, Zhou B, Guo E, Lu H, Xia M, Li K, Weng D, Lin X, Meng L, Ma D, Chen G. Role of Dicer as a prognostic predictor for survival in cancer patients: a systematic review with a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72672-72684. [PMID: 27682871 PMCID: PMC5341936 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The role of Dicer in the prognosis of cancer patients remains controversial. This systematic review is attempted to assess the influence of Dicer as a prognostic predictor for survival in diverse types of cancers. Methods Studies were selected as candidates if they published an independent evaluation of Dicer expression level together with the correlation with prognosis in cancers. Random-effect model was applied in this meta-analysis. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Q-statistic with P < 0.10 to be statistically significant. Publication bias was investigated using funnel plot and test with Begg's and Egger's test. P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results 24 of 44 articles revealed low Dicer status as a predictor of poor prognosis. The aggregate result of overall survival (OS) indicated that low Dicer expression level resulted in poor clinical outcomes, and subgroup of IHC and RT-PCR method both revealed the same result. Overall analysis of progression-free survival (PFS) showed the same result as OS, and both the two subgroups divided by laboratory method revealed positive results. Subgroup analysis by tumor types showed low dicer levels were associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer (HR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.19-3.15), otorhinolaryngological tumors (HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.70-3.36), hematological malignancies (HR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.69-3.56) and neuroblastoma (HR = 4.03, 95% CI: 1.91-8.50). Conclusion Low Dicer status was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer, otorhinolaryngological tumors and ematological malignancies. More homogeneous studies with high quality are needed to further confirm our conclusion and make Dicer a useful parameter in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Shan
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Ensong Guo
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Hao Lu
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Meng Xia
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Kezhen Li
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Danhui Weng
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Xingguang Lin
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Li Meng
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
| | - Gang Chen
- Cancer Biology Medical Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R.China
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16
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Gazon H, Belrose G, Terol M, Meniane JC, Mesnard JM, Césaire R, Peloponese JM. Impaired expression of DICER and some microRNAs in HBZ expressing cells from acute adult T-cell leukemia patients. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30258-75. [PMID: 26849145 PMCID: PMC5058679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Global dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate genes expression, is a common feature of human tumors. Profiling of cellular miRNAs on Adult T cell Leukemia (ATL) cells by Yamagishi et al. showed a strong decrease in expression for 96.7% of cellular miRNAs in ATL cells. However, the mechanisms that regulate the expression of miRNAs in ATL cells are still largely unknown. In this study, we compared the expression of 12 miRs previously described for being overexpress by Tax and the expression of several key components of the miRNAs biogenesis pathways in different HBZ expressing cell lines as well as in primary CD4 (+) cells from acute ATL patients. We showed that the expression of miRNAs and Dicer1 were downregulated in cells lines expressing HBZ as well as in fresh CD4 (+) cells from acute ATL patients. Using qRT-PCR, western blotting analysis and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, we showed that dicer transcription was regulated by c-Jun and JunD, two AP-1 transcription factors. We also demonstrated that HBZ affects the expression of Dicer by removing JunD from the proximal promoter. Furthermore, we showed that at therapeutic concentration of 1mM, Valproate (VPA) an HDAC inhibitors often used in cancer treatment, rescue Dicer expression and miRNAs maturation. These results might offer a rationale for clinical studies of new combined therapy in an effort to improve the outcome of patients with acute ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gazon
- CPBS, CNRS UMR 5236, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie JE2503, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique
| | - Gildas Belrose
- Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie JE2503, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique
| | - Marie Terol
- CPBS, CNRS UMR 5236, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie JE2503, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique
| | - Jean-Come Meniane
- Service Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique
| | | | - Raymond Césaire
- Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie JE2503, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique
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17
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Penha RCC, Sepe R, De Martino M, Esposito F, Pellecchia S, Raia M, Del Vecchio L, Decaussin-Petrucci M, De Vita G, Pinto LFR, Fusco A. Role of Dicer1 in thyroid cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2282-2289. [PMID: 28933615 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1380127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DICER1 plays a central role in the biogenesis of microRNAs and it is important for normal development. Altered microRNA expression and DICER1 dysregulation have been described in several types of tumors, including thyroid carcinomas. Recently, our group identified a new somatic mutation (c.5438A>G; E1813G) within DICER1 gene of an unknown function. Herein, we show that DICER1 is overexpressed, at mRNA level, in a significant-relative number of papillary (70%) and anaplastic (42%) thyroid carcinoma samples, whereas is drastically downregulated in all the analyzed human thyroid carcinoma cell lines (TPC-1, BCPAP, FRO and 8505c) in comparison with normal thyroid tissue samples. Conversely, DICER1 is downregulated, at protein level, in PTC in comparison with normal thyroid tissues. Our data also reveals that DICER1 overexpression positively regulates thyroid cell proliferation, whereas its silencing impairs thyroid cell differentiation. The expression of DICER1 gene mutation (c.5438A>G; E1813G) negatively affects the microRNA machinery and cell proliferation as well as upregulates DICER1 protein levels of thyroid cells but has no impact on thyroid differentiation. In conclusion, DICER1 protein is downregulated in papillary thyroid carcinomas and affects thyroid proliferation and differentiation, while DICER1 gene mutation (c.5438A>G; E1813G) compromises the DICER1 wild-type-mediated microRNA processing and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cortez Cardoso Penha
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy.,b Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Centro de Pesquisas (CPQ) , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
| | - Romina Sepe
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Marco De Martino
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Simona Pellecchia
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- c CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- c CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Università di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy.,d Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Gabriella De Vita
- d Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Fusco
- a Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy.,b Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA, Centro de Pesquisas (CPQ) , Rio de Janeiro , RJ , Brazil
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18
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Taylor RL, Zhang Y, Schöning JP, Deakin JE. Identification of candidate genes for devil facial tumour disease tumourigenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8761. [PMID: 28821767 PMCID: PMC5562891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Devil facial tumour (DFT) disease, a transmissible cancer where the infectious agent is the tumour itself, has caused a dramatic decrease in Tasmanian devil numbers in the wild. The purpose of this study was to take a candidate gene/pathway approach to identify potentially perturbed genes or pathways in DFT. A fusion of chromosome 1 and X is posited as the initial event leading to the development of DFT, with the rearranged chromosome 1 material now stably maintained as the tumour spreads through the population. This hypothesis makes chromosome 1 a prime chromosome on which to search for mutations involved in tumourigenesis. As DFT1 has a Schwann cell origin, we selected genes commonly implicated in tumour pathways in human nerve cancers, or cancers more generally, to determine whether they were rearranged in DFT1, and mapped them using molecular cytogenetics. Many cancer-related genes were rearranged, such as the region containing the tumour suppressor NF2 and a copy gain for ERBB3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases implicated in proliferation and invasion of tumours in humans. Our mapping results have provided strong candidates not previously detected by sequencing DFT1 genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jennifer P Schöning
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Janine E Deakin
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia.
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19
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Kim S, Song ML, Min H, Hwang I, Baek SK, Kwon TK, Park JW. miRNA biogenesis-associated RNase III nucleases Drosha and Dicer are upregulated in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4379-4383. [PMID: 28943952 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosha and Dicer are important regulators of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, and it has been suggested that their aberrant regulation may cause colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of these two important RNase III nucleases and their association with clinical features in CRC specimens from South Korean patients. The expression levels of Drosha and Dicer mRNA were investigated in 77 CRC tissues and adjacent histologically non-neoplastic tissues using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of Drosha and Dicer mRNA were identified to be upregulated in CRC. Neither the Drosha nor the Dicer mRNA expression level was associated with any clinical parameter, including sex, age, TNM stage, body mass index and carcinoembryonic antigen titer in patients with CRC. Furthermore, the expression levels of Drosha and Dicer mRNA were not associated with each other. The miRNA biogenesis-associated RNase III nucleases Drosha and Dicer are significantly upregulated in CRC, suggesting their importance in the pathobiology of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Ling Song
- Graduate School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilseon Hwang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Baek
- Department of Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, Jung, Daegu 41931, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Keimyung University, Dalseo, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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20
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Sun LN, Xing C, Zhi Z, Liu Y, Chen LY, Shen T, Zhou Q, Liu YH, Gan WJ, Wang JR, Xu Y, Li JM. Dicer suppresses cytoskeleton remodeling and tumorigenesis of colorectal epithelium by miR-324-5p mediated suppression of HMGXB3 and WASF-2. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55776-55789. [PMID: 28915552 PMCID: PMC5593523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs, a class of small and well-conserved noncoding RNAs, participate in many physiological and pathological processes. RNase III endonuclease DICER is one of the key enzymes for microRNA biogenesis. Here, we found that DICER was downregulated in tumor samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients at both mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletion of Dicer mice got more tumors after azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration. Interestingly, IEC-specific deletion of Dicer led to severe chronic inflammation and epithelium layer remodeling in mice with or without DSS administration. Microarray analysis of 3 paired Dicer deletion CRC cell lines showed that miR-324-5p was one of the most significantly decreased miRNAs. In the intestinal epithelium of IEC-specific deletion of Dicer mice, miR-324-5p was also found to be markedly reduced. Mechanistically, miR-324-5p directly bound to the 3′untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of HMG-box containing 3 (HMGXB3) and WAS protein family member 2 (WASF-2), two key proteins participated in cell motility and cytoskeleton remodeling, to suppress their expressions. Intraperitoneal injection of miR-324-5p AgomiR (an agonist of miR-324-5p) curtailed chronic inflammation and cytoskeleton remodeling of colorectal epithelium and restored intestinal barrier function in IEC-specific deletion of Dicer mice induced by DSS. Therefore, our study reveals a key role of a DICER/miR-324-5p/HMGXB3/WASF-2 axis in tumorigenesis of CRC by regulation of cytoskeleton remodeling and maintaining integrity of intestinal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Na Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xing
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Baoan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Juan Gan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ming Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Celen E, Ertosun MG, Kocak H, Dinckan A, Yoldas B. Expression Profile of MicroRNA Biogenesis Components in Renal Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:472-476. [PMID: 28340815 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and the miRNA biogenesis components are potential biomarkers of some prevalent diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. In light of this information, we aimed to investigate the expression profiles of miRNA biogenesis components in renal transplant patients before and after transplantation and how these profiles are related to immunosuppressive treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. METHODS In this study, gene and protein expression profiles of Dicer, Drosha, Pasha (DGCR8), Exportin5 (XPO5), and Argonaute2 (AGO2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of renal transplant patients were evaluated by means of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot methods before and 3 months after transplantation. Patients who had transplant procedures for the first time were included in the study. RESULTS Gene expressions were significantly reduced after transplantation. The reduction rate of expressions in 1 patient undergoing chronic rejection was higher. In addition, in patients under everolimus treatment, gene expression of Dicer did not change and gene expression of AGO2 increased. Dicer, Drosha, DGCR8, and AGO2 protein expressions were reduced in all patients, but no change was observed in XPO5 protein expression in nonrejecting patients. Interestingly, in the patient undergoing chronic rejection, protein expression profiles other than Dicer were distinctive from nonrejecting patients. However, XPO5 protein expression was higher in that patient. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the importance of the global effect of immunosuppressive treatment on the miRNA biogenesis pathway. miRNA biogenesis components are potential biomarkers indicative of graft outcome and pharmacologic target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Celen
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M G Ertosun
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - H Kocak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - A Dinckan
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - B Yoldas
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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Colorectal Cancer: From the Genetic Model to Posttranscriptional Regulation by Noncoding RNAs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7354260. [PMID: 28573140 PMCID: PMC5442347 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7354260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in developed countries and, despite the improvements achieved in its treatment options, remains as one of the main causes of cancer-related death. In this review, we first focus on colorectal carcinogenesis and on the genetic and epigenetic alterations involved. In addition, noncoding RNAs have been shown to be important regulators of gene expression. We present a general overview of what is known about these molecules and their role and dysregulation in cancer, with a special focus on the biogenesis, characteristics, and function of microRNAs. These molecules are important regulators of carcinogenesis, progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases in cancer, including colorectal cancer. For this reason, miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments, or even as therapeutic agents, or as targets by themselves. Thus, this review highlights the importance of miRNAs in the development, progression, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer and summarizes current therapeutic approaches for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Variation in the Dicer and RAN Genes Are Associated with Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162279. [PMID: 27611467 PMCID: PMC5017754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA machinery genes might affect microRNA processing and subsequently impact tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between SNPs in microRNA machinery genes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a Korean population. Genotyping of six SNPs in microRNA machinery genes was performed using blood samples from 147 patients with HCC and 209 healthy control subjects. None of the six SNPs in microRNA machinery genes were significantly associated with HCC development. However, among the models for six polymorphic loci—DICER (rs3742330 and rs13078), DROSHA (rs10719 and rs6877842), RAN (rs14035) and XPO5 (rs11077)—one allele combination (A-A-T-C-C-C) showed synergistic effects in terms of an increased risk of HCC development (odds ratio = 8.881, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.889–41.750; P = 0.002). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a significant survival benefit for the DICER rs3742330 GG compared with the AA type (hazard ratio [HR], 0.314; 95% CI, 0.135–0.730; P = 0.007) and for the RAN rs14035 CT compared with the CC genotype (HR, 0.587; 95% CI, 0.349–0.987; P = 0.044). Although we found no direct association between DICER (rs3742330 and rs13078), DROSHA (rs10719 and rs6877842), RAN (rs14035) or XPO5 (rs11077) polymorphisms and HCC risk, we demonstrated that DICER (rs3742330) and RAN (rs14035) were associated with the survival of HCC patients. Future studies with larger samples are needed to determine associations of SNPs in microRNA machinery genes with HCC risk and prognosis.
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Simmer F, Venderbosch S, Dijkstra JR, Vink-Börger EM, Faber C, Mekenkamp LJ, Koopman M, De Haan AF, Punt CJ, Nagtegaal ID. MicroRNA-143 is a putative predictive factor for the response to fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22996-3007. [PMID: 26392389 PMCID: PMC4673216 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of the colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop metastatic disease. Fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy forms the backbone of treatment in these patients. However, the response to this therapy varies between individuals. Therefore, an important challenge in CRC research is to identify biomarkers that are predictive of this response. In this study, we explored the potential of miRNAs, and the miRNA producing protein Dicer, as biomarkers that can predict chemo-sensitivity to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We analyzed the levels of 22 miRNAs and the Dicer protein in primary tumors from patients with mCRC who were treated with first-line capecitabine monotherapy within the CAIRO trial of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group. Correlation between the expression status of miRNAs or Dicer in primary tumors and the progression free survival (PFS) were investigated. Patients with low expression of miR-143 in their primary tumor had increased median PFS compared to those with high expression of miR-143. Furthermore, FXYD3, an ion transport regulator and a putative target of miR-143, also showed an association with PFS. These findings warrant further studies to investigate the relationship between miR-143, FXYD3 and fluoropyrimidines, and the clinical utility of miR-143 as biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Simmer
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Venderbosch
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen R Dijkstra
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa M Vink-Börger
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudius Faber
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of München, München, Germany
| | - Leonie J Mekenkamp
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton F De Haan
- Department for Health Evidence, Section Biostatistics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Punt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zhang LI, Wang C, Liu S, Zhao Y, Liu C, Guo Z. Prognostic significance of Dicer expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3961-3966. [PMID: 27313724 PMCID: PMC4888077 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicer is a RNaseIII endonuclease of the microRNA processing pathway, which is implicated in carcinogenesis of various types of human cancer. The present study assessed the expression level of Dicer in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue to evaluate its association with HCC tumorigenesis. A low expression of Dicer was significantly associated with a shorter postoperative survival time of patients with HCC, which was assessed using the log-rank test with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Multivariate analysis identified that Dicer expression was an independent predictor for HCC outcome (relative risk, 0.660; 95% confidence interval, 0.506–0.861; P=0.002). A functional assay demonstrated that Dicer overexpression inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells. In addition, a Transwell assay revealed that Dicer markedly inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells. The present findings indicate that Dicer expression modified the outcomes of HCC patients by inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting metastasis of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Zhang
- Hebei Key Lab of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Cuiju Wang
- Department of Gynecology Ultrasound, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Hebei Key Lab of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hebei Key Lab of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Zhanjun Guo
- Hebei Key Lab of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Deregulation of dicer and mir-155 expression in liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10586-91. [PMID: 25888631 PMCID: PMC4496377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma. It has been demonstrated that mir-155 was the most overexpressed miRNA in well-differentiated LPS(WDLPS)/dedifferentiated LPS (DDLPS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the involvement of Dicer, Drosha and mir-155 in development of LPS and their possible role in stratification of different histological subtypes. Dicer, Drosha and mir-155 mRNA levels were analyzed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from patients diagnosed with 62 LPS and compared with samples of adipose tissues of healthy donors. The experimental data were obtained using qRT-PCR comparing Dicer, Drosha and mir-155 expression levels in tumor samples versus normal fat. The tumor samples from LPS patients showed a significantly lower Dicer expression versus normal adipose tissue, while Drosha levels did not differ. Concerning mir155 expression levels, our results demonstrated a significant mir-155 up-regulation in all LPS subtypes versus normal adipose tissue except for WDLS. These findings demonstrate for the first time that Dicer is deregulated in LPS and show that mir-155 is differentially expressed in LPS subgroups and it could be a promising tool to improve LPS disease stratification and differential diagnosis.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are integral to the gene regulatory network. A single miRNA is capable of controlling the expression of hundreds of protein coding genes and modulate a wide spectrum of biological functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, stress responses, DNA repair, cell adhesion, motility, inflammation, cell survival, senescence and apoptosis, all of which are fundamental to tumorigenesis. Overexpression, genetic amplification, and gain-of-function mutation of oncogenic miRNAs ("onco-miRs") as well as genetic deletion and loss-of-function mutation of tumor suppressor miRNAs ("suppressor-miRs") are linked to human cancer. In addition to the dysregulation of a specific onco-miR or suppressor-miRs, changes in global miRNA levels resulting from a defective miRNA biogenesis pathway play a role in tumorigenesis. The function of individual onco-miRs and suppressor-miRs and their target genes in cancer has been described in many different articles elsewhere. In this review, we primarily focus on the recent development regarding the dysregulation of the miRNA biogenesis pathway and its contribution to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hata
- a Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Risa Kashima
- a Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
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Silencing the double-stranded RNA binding protein DGCR8 inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Pharm Res 2015; 32:769-78. [PMID: 25823356 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of DiGeorge Critical Region 8 (DGCR8), a key component of miRNA biogenesis pathway in ovarian cancer. METHODS The expression of DGCR8 in ovarian cancer was detected by immunostaining and DGCR8 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells was achieved using lentiviral shRNA. Differential expression of miRNAs was determined using Nanostring miRNA arrays and validated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS DGCR8 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer. Knockdown of DGCR8 expression inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Cellular survival pathways including ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT were attenuated in DGCR8 knockdown cells. DGCR8 knockdown results in dysregulated miRNA gene expression. miR-27b was identified as the most highly down-regulated miRNA in DGCR8 knockdown cells and promoted cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS DGCR8 functions as an oncogene in ovarian cancer, which is in part mediated by miR-27b.
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Combined clinical and genomic signatures for the prognosis of early stage non-small cell lung cancer based on gene copy number alterations. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:752. [PMID: 26444668 PMCID: PMC4595201 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of a more refined prognostic methodology for early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an unmet clinical need. An accurate prognostic tool might help to select patients at early stages for adjuvant therapies. Results A new integrated bioinformatics searching strategy, that combines gene copy number alterations and expression, together with clinical parameters was applied to derive two prognostic genomic signatures. The proposed methodology combines data from patients with and without clinical data with a priori information on the ability of a gene to be a prognostic marker. Two initial candidate sets of 513 and 150 genes for lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), respectively, were generated by identifying genes which have both: a) significant correlation between copy number and gene expression, and b) significant prognostic value at the gene expression level in external databases. From these candidates, two panels of 7 (ADC) and 5 (SCC) genes were further identified via semi-supervised learning. These panels, together with clinical data (stage, age and sex), were used to construct the ADC and SCC hazard scores combining clinical and genomic data. The signatures were validated in two independent datasets (n = 73 for ADC, n = 97 for SCC), confirming that the prognostic value of both clinical-genomic models is robust, statistically significant (P = 0.008 for ADC and P = 0.019 for SCC) and outperforms both the clinical models (P = 0.060 for ADC and P = 0.121 for SCC) and the genomic models applied separately (P = 0.350 for ADC and P = 0.269 for SCC). Conclusion The present work provides a methodology to generate a robust signature using copy number data that can be potentially used to any cancer. Using it, we found new prognostic scores based on tumor DNA that, jointly with clinical information, are able to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with early-stage ADC and SCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1935-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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30
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MicroRNA Processing and Human Cancer. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1651-67. [PMID: 26308063 PMCID: PMC4555082 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4081651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 20 to 25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally mainly by binding to a specific sequence of the 3′ end of the untranslated region (3′UTR) of target genes. Since the first report on the clinical relevance of miRNAs in cancer, many miRNAs have been demonstrated to act as oncogenes, whereas others function as tumor suppressors. Furthermore, global miRNA dysregulation, due to alterations in miRNA processing factors, has been observed in a large variety of human cancer types. As previous studies have shown, the sequential miRNA processing can be divided into three steps: processing by RNAse in the nucleus; transportation by Exportin-5 (XPO5) from the nucleus; and processing by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) in the cytoplasm. Alteration in miRNA processing genes, by genomic mutations, aberrant expression or other means, could significantly affect cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis of miRNAs with emphasis on the potential of miRNA processing factors in human cancers.
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31
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Prodromaki E, Korpetinou A, Giannopoulou E, Vlotinou E, Chatziathanasiadou Μ, Papachristou NI, Scopa CD, Papadaki H, Kalofonos HP, Papachristou DJ. Expression of the microRNA regulators Drosha, Dicer and Ago2 in non-small cell lung carcinomas. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2015; 38:307-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-015-0231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kunsbaeva GB, Gilyazova IR, Pavlov VN, Khusnutdinova EK. The role of miRNAs in the development of prostate cancer. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279541507008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hollis M, Nair K, Vyas A, Chaturvedi LS, Gambhir S, Vyas D. MicroRNAs potential utility in colon cancer: Early detection, prognosis, and chemosensitivity. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8284-8292. [PMID: 26217080 PMCID: PMC4507098 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, research has shown that aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) is involved in colorectal cancer development and progression. MicroRNAs are small sequences of non-coding RNA that regulate expression of genes involved in important cellular functions, such as cell differentiation, multiplication, and apoptosis. A specific miRNA may display the effects of a tumor suppressor or oncogene. Altered miRNA expression is found in colorectal cancer (CRC) and patterns of miRNA expression correlate with CRC detection and outcome. Studies also have examined the use of circulating serum miRNA and fecal miRNA expression as non-invasive markers for early detection. Here, we review recent evidence demonstrating the potential role of miRNA in CRC and the implications of its use in the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of CRC.
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Lombard AP, Lim RM, Nakagawa RM, Vidallo KD, Libertini SJ, Platero AJ, Mudryj M. Dicer ablation promotes a mesenchymal and invasive phenotype in bladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1526-32. [PMID: 26166215 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicer expression is frequently altered in cancer and affects a wide array of cellular functions acting as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in varying contexts. It has been shown that Dicer expression is also deregulated in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UCCB) but the nature of this deregulation differs between reports. The aim of the present study was to gain a better understanding of the role of Dicer in bladder cancer to help determine its contribution to the disease. The results showed that Dicer transcript levels were decreased in UCCB tumor tissues as compared to normal tissues, suggesting that Dicer is a tumor suppressor. However, consistent with previous results, we demonstrated that knockdown of Dicer decreases cell viability and increases the induction of apoptosis, suggesting that Dicer is an oncogene. To resolve this discrepancy, we assessed the effects of decreased Dicer expression on epithelial-to‑mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion. We showed that decreased Dicer levels promoted a mesenchymal phenotype and increased migration. Additionally, the results showed that Dicer protein ablation leads to increased cell invasion, higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, and decreased levels of key miRNAs shown to inhibit invasion. The results of this study suggest that decreased Dicer levels may portend a more malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Lombard
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Lim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rachel M Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen D Vidallo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Libertini
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexander J Platero
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression. Amplification and overexpression of individual 'oncomiRs' or genetic loss of tumour suppressor miRNAs are associated with human cancer and are sufficient to drive tumorigenesis in mouse models. Furthermore, global miRNA depletion caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations in components of the miRNA biogenesis machinery is oncogenic. This, together with the recent identification of novel miRNA regulatory factors and pathways, highlights the importance of miRNA dysregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibin Lin
- 1] Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Richard I Gregory
- 1] Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [2] Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [3] Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. [4] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Guo Z. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of microRNA processing machinery genes are associated with risk for gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:567-71. [PMID: 25784816 PMCID: PMC4356688 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s79150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that microRNA-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (miR-SNPs) are associated with the development of numerous human cancers. In this study, we investigated six miR-SNPs in microRNA processing machinery genes, including rs11077 of the XPO5 gene, rs14035 of the RAN gene, rs3742330 of the Dicer gene, rs9623117 of the TNRC6B gene, rs197412 of the GEMIN3 gene, and rs2740348 of the GEMIN4 gene, in gastric cancer patients and subsequently evaluated their potential roles in gastric cancer risk in a case control study. The results indicate that the C/C genotype of rs14035 from RAN, the A/A genotype of rs3742330 from Dicer, and the T/T genotype of rs9623117 from TNRC6B are significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. In conclusion, these miR-SNPs can be used as predictive biomarkers in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Z, Zhang G, Kong C, Bi J, Gong D, Yu X, Shi D, Zhan B, Ye P. EIF2C, Dicer, and Drosha are up-regulated along tumor progression and associated with poor prognosis in bladder carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5071-9. [PMID: 25656609 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EIF2C, Dicer, and Drosha are microRNA-regulating machinery components, which participate in microRNA intracellular process and transfer. Our research demonstrated the expression and clinical role of the microRNA-regulating machinery in bladder cancer. EIF2C1, EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha mRNA and protein levels were analyzed in 100 bladder carcinomas and 50 normal bladder tissues using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha mRNAs and proteins were overexpressed in carcinoma compared with normal tissues, whereas EIF2C1 mRNA and protein were not obviously different. Moreover, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha in 100 bladder carcinomas. There were higher EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha expressions in carcinomas than in the adjacent normal tissues, positive correlations being noted with clinical stage, histopathologic grade, and recurrence. Higher EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha expressions were related to shorter cancer-specific survival and shorter recurrence-free survival. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that EIF2C2 was an important risk factor in bladder cancer. In conclusion, EIF2C2, Dicer, and Drosha are more highly expressed in bladder carcinoma, promote the development of bladder cancer, and suggested a poor prognosis. Their clinical role in bladder carcinoma merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110001, People's Republic of China,
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Cherradi N. microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Adrenocortical Cancer: Progress and Challenges. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:195. [PMID: 26834703 PMCID: PMC4719100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Over the last decade, pan-genomic analyses of genetic and epigenetic alterations and genome-wide expression profile studies allowed major advances in the understanding of the molecular genetics of ACC. Besides the well-known dysfunctional molecular pathways in adrenocortical tumors, such as the IGF2 pathway, the Wnt pathway, and TP53, high-throughput technologies enabled a more comprehensive genomic characterization of adrenocortical cancer. Integration of expression profile data with exome sequencing, SNP array analysis, methylation, and microRNA (miRNA) profiling led to the identification of subgroups of malignant tumors with distinct molecular alterations and clinical outcomes. miRNAs post-transcriptionally silence their target gene expression either by degrading mRNA or by inhibiting translation. Although our knowledge of the contribution of deregulated miRNAs to the pathogenesis of ACC is still in its infancy, recent studies support their relevance in gene expression alterations in these tumors. Some miRNAs have been shown to carry potential diagnostic and prognostic values, while others may be good candidates for therapeutic interventions. With the emergence of disease-specific blood-borne miRNAs signatures, analyses of small cohorts of patients with ACC suggest that circulating miRNAs represent promising non-invasive biomarkers of malignancy or recurrence. However, some technical challenges still remain, and most of the miRNAs reported in the literature have not yet been validated in sufficiently powered and longitudinal studies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the deregulation of tumor-associated and circulating miRNAs in ACC patients, while emphasizing their potential significance in pathogenic pathways in light of recent insights into the role of miRNAs in shaping the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cherradi
- U1036, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France
- Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire BCI, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Nadia Cherradi,
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Xuan Y, Yang H, Zhao L, Lau WB, Lau B, Ren N, Hu Y, Yi T, Zhao X, Zhou S, Wei Y. MicroRNAs in colorectal cancer: small molecules with big functions. Cancer Lett 2014; 360:89-105. [PMID: 25524553 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal malignancy, with pathogenesis intricately dependent upon microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are short, non-protein coding RNAs, targeting the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of certain mRNAs. They usually serve as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, and participate in tumor phenotype maintenance. Therefore, miRNAs consequently regulate CRC carcinogenesis and other biological functions, including apoptosis, development, angiogenesis, migration, and proliferation. Due to its differential expression and distinct stability, miRNAs are regarded as molecular biomarkers (for diagnosis/prognosis) and therapeutic targets for CRC. Recently, a remarkable number of miRNAs have been discovered with implications via incompletely understood mechanisms in CRC. As further study of relevant miRNAs continues, it is hopeful that novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies may be available for CRC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huiliang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linjie Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, USA
| | - Bonnie Lau
- Department of Surgery, Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Santa Clara Medial Center, Affiliate of Stanford University, USA
| | - Ning Ren
- College of Biological Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuehong Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Lønvik K, Sørbye SW, Nilsen MN, Paulssen RH. Prognostic value of the MicroRNA regulators Dicer and Drosha in non-small-cell lung cancer: co-expression of Drosha and miR-126 predicts poor survival. BMC Clin Pathol 2014; 14:45. [PMID: 25525410 PMCID: PMC4269969 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-14-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dicer and Drosha are important enzymes for processing microRNAs. Recent studies have exhibited possible links between expression of different miRNAs, levels of miRNA processing enzymes, and cancer prognosis. We have investigated the prognostic impact of Dicer and Drosha and their correlation with miR-126 expression in a large cohort of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We aimed to find patient groups within the cohort that might have an advantage of receiving adjunctive therapies. Methods Dicer expression in the cytoplasm and Drosha expression in the nucleus were evaluated by manual immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays (TMAs), including tumor tissue samples from 335 patients with resected stages I to IIIA NSCLC. In addition, in situ hybridizations of TMAs for visualization of miR-126 were performed. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed, and the log-rank test via SPSS v.22 was used for estimating significance levels. Results In patients with normal performance status (ECOG = 0, n = 197), high Dicer expression entailed a significantly better prognosis than low Dicer expression (P = 0.024). Dicer had no significant prognostic value in patients with reduced performance status (ECOG = 1–2, n = 138). High Drosha expression was significantly correlated with high levels of the microRNA 126 (miR-126) (P = 0.004). Drosha/miR-126 co-expression had a significant negative impact on the disease-specific survival (DSS) rate (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that the interaction Dicer*Histology (P = 0.049) and Drosha/miR-126 co-expression (P = 0.033) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions In NSCLC patients with normal performance status, Dicer is a positive prognostic factor. The importance of Drosha as a prognostic factor in our material seems to be related to miR-126 and possibly other microRNAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6890-14-45) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lønvik
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway ; Department of Medical Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sveinung W Sørbye
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Ruth H Paulssen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Dong Y, Yu J, Ng SS. MicroRNA dysregulation as a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2014; 6:405-22. [PMID: 25342918 PMCID: PMC4206254 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s35164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most potentially curable cancers, yet it remains the fourth most common overall cause of cancer death worldwide. The identification of robust molecular prognostic biomarkers can refine the conventional tumor–node–metastasis staging system, avoid understaging of tumor, and help pinpoint patients with early-stage CRC who may benefit from aggressive treatments. Recently, epigenetic studies have provided new molecular evidence to better categorize the CRC subtypes and predict clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the prognostic potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) in CRC. We first discuss the prognostic value of three tissue miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-29-3p, miR-148-3p) that have been examined in multiple studies. We also summarize the dysregulation of miRNA processing machinery DICER in CRC and its association with risk for mortality. We also reviewe the potential application of miRNA-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms as prognostic biomarkers for CRC, especially the miRNA-associated polymorphism in the KRAS gene. Last but not least, we discuss the microsatellite instability-related miRNA candidates. Among all these candidates, miR-21-5p is the most promising prognostic marker, yet further prospective validation studies are required before it can go into clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Dong
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Sm Ng
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Fletcher CE, Dart DA, Bevan CL. Interplay between steroid signalling and microRNAs: implications for hormone-dependent cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R409-29. [PMID: 25062737 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hormones are key drivers of cancer development. To date, interest has largely been focussed on the classical model of hormonal gene regulation, but there is increasing evidence for a role of hormone signalling pathways in post-translational regulation of gene expression. In particular, a complex and dynamic network of bi-directional interactions with microRNAs (miRs) at all stages of biogenesis and during target gene repression is emerging. miRs, which act mainly by negatively regulating gene expression through association with 3'-UTRs of mRNA species, are increasingly understood to be important in development, normal physiology and pathogenesis. Given recent demonstrations of altered miR profiles in a diverse range of cancers, their ability to function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, and hormonal regulation of miRs, understanding mechanisms by which miRs are generated and regulated is vitally important. miRs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and then processed in the nucleus by the Drosha-containing Microprocessor complex and in the cytoplasm by Dicer, before mature miRs are incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex. It is increasingly evident that multiple cellular signalling pathways converge upon the miR biogenesis cascade, adding further layers of regulatory complexity to modulate miR maturation. This review summarises recent advances in identification of novel components and regulators of the Microprocessor and Dicer complexes, with particular emphasis on the role of hormone signalling pathways in regulating their activity. Understanding hormone regulation of miR production and how this is perturbed in cancer are critical for the development of miR-based therapeutics and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Fletcher
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKCardiff University School of MedicineCardiff University Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - D Alwyn Dart
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKCardiff University School of MedicineCardiff University Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKCardiff University School of MedicineCardiff University Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Charlotte L Bevan
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UKCardiff University School of MedicineCardiff University Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Zhao H, Zhang L, Guo S, Yuan T, Xia B, Qu F, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Downregulated expression of Dicer1 predicts inferior survival in primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with CHOP-like regimen and rituximab. Med Oncol 2014; 31:206. [PMID: 25195038 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the expression levels of Dicer1, Drosha, DGCR8, and Ago2 messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in patients with primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PGI-DLBCL) and determine their associations with clinical parameters and prognostic significance. The mRNA level expressions of Dicer1, Drosha, DGCR8, and Ago2 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical staining of CD10, BCL6, and MUM1 was performed using EnVision™ system. The clinicopathologic features and follow-up data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimator. The results show that the expression of Dicer1 (P=0.001), Drosha (P=0.01), DGCR8 (P=0.02), and Ago2 (P=0.002) mRNAs in cancer tissues of patients with PGI-DLBCL was significantly lower than those in normal tissues of healthy controls. Among the expression of CD10, BCL6, and MUM1, 27.4% (17/62) of the patients belonged to the germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype and 72.6% (45/62) belonged to the non-GCB subtype. Dicer1 expression was significantly decreased in the non-GCB subgroup (P=0.02) and in the high International Prognostic Index (3-5 score) subgroup (P=0.03). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the low-Dicer1 subgroup had a shorter overall survival (P=0.02) and shorter progression-free survival (P=0.015) than the high-Dicer1 subgroup. Multivariate analysis identified Dicer1 as an independent prognostic factor in PGI-DLBCL. In Conclusion, Dicer1, Drosha, DGCR8, and Ago2 play key roles in the pathogenesis of PGI-DLBCL. Dicer1, an independent prognostic factor for predicting shortened survival of patients with PGI-DLBCL, can be used as a biomarker to guide the prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Argonaute Proteins/genetics
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/genetics
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/mortality
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Retrospective Studies
- Ribonuclease III/genetics
- Rituximab
- Survival Rate
- Vincristine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
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Cantini LP, Andino LM, Attaway CC, Butler B, Dumitriu A, Blackshaw A, Jakymiw A. Identification and characterization of Dicer1e, a Dicer1 protein variant, in oral cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:190. [PMID: 25115815 PMCID: PMC4141963 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human dicer1 gene has been predicted to produce several mRNA variants that encode truncated Dicer1 proteins of varying lengths. One of these Dicer1 variants, Dicer1e, was recently found to be differentially expressed in breast cancer cells. Because the expression and function of the Dicer1e protein variant has not been well characterized and the underlying molecular mechanisms for the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are poorly understood, the present study sought to characterize the biological role of Dicer1e and determine its relationship, if any, to OSCC pathogenesis. Methods Western blot analyses were used to examine Dicer1e expression levels in a panel of oral cancer cells/tissues and during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), followed by 5′/3′-RACE analyses to obtain the full-length Dicer1e transcript. Biochemical fractionation and indirect immunofluorescent studies were performed to determine the cellular localization of Dicer1e and the effects of Dicer1e silencing on cancer cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and drug sensitivity were also assessed. Results Dicer1e protein levels were found to be overexpressed in OSCC cell lines of epithelial phenotype and in OSCC tissues with its levels downregulated during EMT. Moreover, the Dicer1e protein was observed to predominantly localize in the nucleus. 5′/3′-RACE analyses confirmed the presence of the Dicer1e transcript and silencing of Dicer1e impaired both cancer cell proliferation and clonogenicity by inducing either apoptosis and/or G2/M cell cycle arrest. Lastly, Dicer1e knockdown enhanced the chemosensitivity of oral cancer cells to cisplatin. Conclusion The expression levels of Dicer1e influence the pathogenesis of oral cancer cells and alter their response to chemosensitivity, thus supporting the importance of Dicer1e as a therapeutic target for OSCCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-190) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Jakymiw
- Department of Oral Health Sciences and Center for Oral Health Research, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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MiRNA-99a directly regulates AGO2 through translational repression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e97. [PMID: 24732044 PMCID: PMC4007193 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation network consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes remains largely elusive in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially the reciprocal loop between specific miRNAs and the miRNA processing machinery. In this study, we found that miR-99a was remarkably decreased in 111 of 152 (73.03%) primary HCC tissues and low-level expression of miR-99a was correlated with low tumor differentiation (P=0.001), liver cirrhosis (P=0.015), poor tumor-free survival (P=0.004) and overall survival (P=0.006) for HCC patients. By restoration of miR-99a, the HCC growth could be considerably inhibited both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, Argonaute-2 (Ago2), a central component of RNA-induced silencing complex, was found to be directly regulated by miR-99a via translational repression. Overexpression of Ago2 could partly impair the inhibitory effect of miR-99a on HCC cells in vitro. Then, we demonstrated that Ago2 was upregulated in HCC tissues at both RNA and protein levels and the expression of AGO2 protein and miR-99a was negatively correlated within detected HCC tissues (r=−0.727, P=0.004). Interestingly, the tumorigenicity of Ago2-knockdown HCC cells was severely impaired (4/10 vs 10/10, P<0.05), and this was in contrast to the miR-99a-overexpressing HCC cells. Functionally, the increased AGO2 protein could specifically facilitate oncogenic miR-21 to repress its targeted gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) in HCC, whereas leave the regulatory capacity of let-7a on its targeted oncogenes almost unaltered. In summary, our study has revealed a novel pathway for the tumor suppressor miR-99a to control tumor growth in HCC, via its downstream signaling of AGO2/miR-21/PTEN. In addition, this study provides potential strategies for HCC therapy by reintroduction of miRNA suppressors.
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Avery-Kiejda KA, Braye SG, Forbes JF, Scott RJ. The expression of Dicer and Drosha in matched normal tissues, tumours and lymph node metastases in triple negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:253. [PMID: 24725360 PMCID: PMC4021460 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women world-wide. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype that lacks expression of hormone receptors for estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor 2; and is associated with a high propensity for metastatic spread. Several studies have identified critical roles for microRNAs in breast cancer, but the role of two critical enzymes involved in microRNA biogenesis, Dicer and Drosha, is not well understood, particularly with respect to metastatic progression in this subtype. Methods We examined the expression of Dicer and Drosha in a series of invasive 35 TNBCs with matched normal adjacent tissues (n = 18) and lymph node metastases (n = 15) using semi-quantitative real time RT-PCR. The relationship of their expression with clinical features including age at diagnosis, lymph node positivity and tumour size was analysed. Results We report that Dicer was significantly decreased while Drosha was significantly increased in tumours when compared to normal adjacent tissues. While there was no difference in Drosha expression in lymph node metastases when compared to the primary tumour, Dicer was significantly increased. There was no correlation between the expression of either Dicer or Drosha to age at diagnosis, lymph node positivity and tumour size. Conclusions In conclusion, Dicer and Drosha are dysregulated in TNBC and matched lymph node metastases however, the clinical relevance of this is still not known. The altered expression of Dicer and Drosha may serve as markers for disrupted miRNA biogenesis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- Centre for Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
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47
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Down-regulation of Dicer expression in cervical cancer tissues. Med Oncol 2014; 31:937. [PMID: 24676997 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dicer is a component of the MicroRNA-producing machinery. The altered expression of Dicer may play a role in oncogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of Dicer in cervical cancer tissues and its significance. Cancer tissues, para-cancer tissues and corresponding normal tissues were obtained from 31 cervical cancer patients undergoing surgery. Expression levels of Dicer mRNA were evaluated in these tissues using the real-time reverse transcription PCR. The association of the Dicer expression levels with clinical characteristics was also examined. The expression levels of Dicer mRNA were decreased in 66.7% (18/27) and 76.9% (20/26) of cervical cancer and para-cancer specimens, respectively, compared with corresponding normal tissues. The lower expression levels of Dicer in cancer tissues were associated with advanced tumor stages (p = 0.03) and with metastasis (p = 0.01). The down-regulation of Dicer expression in cancer and para-cancer tissues was observed. The lower expression of Dicer in cancer tissues demonstrated to be associated with tumor stages and metastasis. Future studies with a greater number of tissues to more conclusively determine the extent of low-level expression of Dicer in cervical cancer are warranted.
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Intestinal epithelial barrier disruption through altered mucosal microRNA expression in human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus infections. J Virol 2014; 88:6268-80. [PMID: 24672033 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00097-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epithelial barrier dysfunction during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has largely been attributed to the rapid and severe depletion of CD4(+) T cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Although it is known that changes in mucosal gene expression contribute to intestinal enteropathy, the role of small noncoding RNAs, specifically microRNA (miRNA), has not been investigated. Using the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primate model of HIV pathogenesis, we investigated the effect of viral infection on miRNA expression in intestinal mucosa. SIV infection led to a striking decrease in the expression of mucosal miRNA compared to that in uninfected controls. This decrease coincided with an increase in 5'-3'-exoribonuclease 2 protein and alterations in DICER1 and Argonaute 2 expression. Targets of depleted miRNA belonged to molecular pathways involved in epithelial proliferation, differentiation, and immune response. Decreased expression of several miRNA involved in maintaining epithelial homeostasis in the gut was localized to the proliferative crypt region of the intestinal epithelium. Our findings suggest that SIV-induced decreased expression of miRNA involved in epithelial homeostasis, disrupted expression of miRNA biogenesis machinery, and increased expression of XRN2 are involved in the development of epithelial barrier dysfunction and gastroenteropathy. IMPORTANCE MicroRNA (miRNA) regulate the development and function of intestinal epithelial cells, and many viruses disrupt normal host miRNA expression. In this study, we demonstrate that SIV and HIV disrupt expression of miRNA in the small intestine during infection. The depletion of several key miRNA is localized to the proliferative crypt region of the gut epithelium. These miRNA are known to control expression of genes involved in inflammation, cell death, and epithelial maturation. Our data indicate that this disruption might be caused by altered expression of miRNA biogenesis machinery during infection. These findings suggest that the disruption of miRNA in the small intestine likely plays a role in intestinal enteropathy during HIV infection.
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Caffrey E, Ingoldsby H, Wall D, Webber M, Dinneen K, Murillo LS, Inderhaug C, Newell J, Gupta S, Callagy G. Prognostic significance of deregulated dicer expression in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83724. [PMID: 24386264 PMCID: PMC3875475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dicer, an RNase III-type endonuclease, is the key enzyme involved in RNA interference and microRNA pathways. Aberrant expression of Dicer is reported in several human cancers. Our aim was to assess the prognostic role of Dicer in breast cancer. METHODS The entire series comprised 666 invasive breast cancers (IBCs), 480 DCIS cases (397 associated with IBC and 83 pure DCIS) and 305 lymph node metastases. Cytoplasmic Dicer expression by immunohistochemistry was scored as negative (no staining) and positive (weak, moderate or strong staining). RESULTS Dicer staining was assessable in 446 IBC, 128 DCIS and 101 lymph node metastases. Expression of Dicer was observed in 33% (145/446) of IBCs, 34% (44/128) of DCIS and 57% (58/101) of lymph node metastases. Dicer expression was increased in nodal metastases compared to primary tumours (p<0.001); and was associated with ER negativity (p<0.001), HER2 positivity (p<0.001), high Ki67 labeling index (p<0.001) and expression of basal-like biomarkers (p = 0.002). Dicer positivity was more frequent in the HER2 overexpressing (p<0.001) and basal-like (p = 0.002) subtypes compared to luminal A subtype. Dicer expression was associated with reduced overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis (p = 0.058) and remained an independent predictor of OS on multivariate analysis (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.43-5.62, p = 0.003), with nodal status (HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.18-5.80, p = 0.018) and PR (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.13-0.59, p = 0.001). Further, moderate or strong expression of Dicer was associated with improved disease-free survival in the HER2-overexpressing subtype compared to negative or weak expression (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION Deregulated Dicer expression is associated with aggressive tumour characteristics and is an independent prognostic factor for OS. Our findings suggest that Dicer is an important prognostic marker in breast cancer and that its prognostic role may be subtype specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer Caffrey
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Helen Ingoldsby
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Wall
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mark Webber
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kate Dinneen
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura S. Murillo
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Celine Inderhaug
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Newell
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Grace Callagy
- School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Slaby O, Sachlova M, Brezkova V, Hezova R, Kovarikova A, Bischofová S, Sevcikova S, Bienertova-Vasku J, Vasku A, Svoboda M, Vyzula R. Identification of microRNAs regulated by isothiocyanates and association of polymorphisms inside their target sites with risk of sporadic colorectal cancer. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:247-54. [PMID: 23441612 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.756530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a typical multifactorial disease. Isothiocyanates (ITC) have been recently shown to inhibit development of CRC in many experimental models. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression through binding to 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) of target mRNAs. MiRNAs are regulated by natural agents, ITCs included. In our study, using global expression profiling based on TaqMan Low-Density Arrays, we identified 3 common miRNAs (miR-155, miR-23b, miR-27b) regulated by ITCs (sulforaphane, iberin) in colonic epithelial cell lines NCM460 and NCM356. In silico predictions allowed us to find 9 relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) localized within the 3'UTRs of genes (AGTR1, TNFAIP2, PRKCB, HSPA9, RABGAP1, DICER1, ADAM19, VWA5A, and SIRT5) targeted by these ITC-related miRNAs. Finally, we observed that homozygous CC genotype of DICER1, rs1057035, was significantly associated with decreased risk of CRC (odds ratio = 0.49; 95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.95, P = 0.036) when compared to TT homozygote genotype; also, the C allele tended to have a protective effect (P = 0.072). This study showed that miRNAs could be involved in chemoprotective effects of natural agents; their function alteration through SNPs in their binding sites and flanking regions presents a new class of CRC risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Slaby
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Brno, Czech Republic.
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