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Okano S. Immunotherapy for head and neck cancer: Fundamentals and therapeutic development. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:684-695. [PMID: 38729034 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has been treated by multidisciplinary therapy consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and cancer chemotherapy, but the recent advent of immunotherapy has produced significant changes in treatment systems and the results of these therapies. Immunotherapy has greatly improved the outcome of recurrent metastatic SCCHN, and the development of new treatment methods based on immunotherapy is now being applied not only to recurrent metastatic cases but also to locally advanced cases. To understand and practice cancer immunotherapy, it is important to understand the immune environment surrounding cancer, and the changes to which it is subject. Currently, the anti-PD-1 antibody drugs nivolumab and pembrolizumab are the only immunotherapies with proven efficacy in head and neck cancer. However, anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibody drugs have also been shown to be useful in other types of cancer and are being incorporated into clinical practice. In head and neck cancer, numerous clinical trials have aimed to improve efficacy and safety by combining immunotherapy with other drug therapies and treatment modalities. Combinations of immunotherapy with cancer drugs with different mechanisms of action (cytotoxic agents, molecular-targeted agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors), as well as with radiation therapy and surgery are being investigated, and have the potential to significantly change medical care for these patients. The application of cancer immunotherapy not only to daily clinical practice but also to further therapeutic development requires a clear and complete understanding of the fundamentals of cancer immunotherapy, and knowledge of the numerous clinical studies conducted, both past and present. The results of these trials are numerous, both positive and negative, and a comprehensive understanding of this wide range of completed and ongoing clinical trials is critical to a systematic and comprehensive understanding of their scope and lessons learnt. In this article, after outlining the concepts of ``cancer immune cycle,'' ``cancer immune editing,'' and ``tumor microenvironment'' to provide an understanding of the basics of cancer immunity, we summarize the basics and clinical trial data on representative immune checkpoint inhibitors used in various cancer types, as well as recent therapeutic developments in cancer immunotherapy and the current status of these new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Okano
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
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2
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Xiang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Zheng D, Meng Q, Jiang L, Yang S, Zhang S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang B. Mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: promising strategies to overcoming challenges. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366260. [PMID: 38655260 PMCID: PMC11035781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant challenge in the treatment of this disease. The mechanisms of resistance are multifactorial and include molecular target alterations and activation of alternative pathways, tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment change, immune evasion, and immunosuppression. Promising strategies for overcoming resistance include the development of combination therapies, understanding the resistance mechanisms to better use novel drug targets, the identification of biomarkers, the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and so on. Ongoing research into the mechanisms of resistance and the development of new therapeutic approaches hold great promise for improving outcomes for patients with NSCLC. Here, we summarize diverse mechanisms driving resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy in NSCLC and the latest potential and promising strategies to overcome the resistance to help patients who suffer from NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchu Xiang
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Zheng
- The College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuxing Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology (Liuzhou People’s Hospital), Liuzhou, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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3
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Zou G, Huang Y, Zhang S, Ko KP, Kim B, Zhang J, Venkatesan V, Pizzi MP, Fan Y, Jun S, Niu N, Wang H, Song S, Ajani JA, Park JI. E-cadherin loss drives diffuse-type gastric tumorigenesis via EZH2-mediated reprogramming. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230561. [PMID: 38411616 PMCID: PMC10899090 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma (DGAC) is a deadly cancer often diagnosed late and resistant to treatment. While hereditary DGAC is linked to CDH1 mutations, the role of CDH1/E-cadherin inactivation in sporadic DGAC tumorigenesis remains elusive. We discovered CDH1 inactivation in a subset of DGAC patient tumors. Analyzing single-cell transcriptomes in malignant ascites, we identified two DGAC subtypes: DGAC1 (CDH1 loss) and DGAC2 (lacking immune response). DGAC1 displayed distinct molecular signatures, activated DGAC-related pathways, and an abundance of exhausted T cells in ascites. Genetically engineered murine gastric organoids showed that Cdh1 knock-out (KO), KrasG12D, Trp53 KO (EKP) accelerates tumorigenesis with immune evasion compared with KrasG12D, Trp53 KO (KP). We also identified EZH2 as a key mediator promoting CDH1 loss-associated DGAC tumorigenesis. These findings highlight DGAC's molecular diversity and potential for personalized treatment in CDH1-inactivated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyi Zou
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanjian Huang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengzhe Zhang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyung-Pil Ko
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vishwa Venkatesan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa P. Pizzi
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sohee Jun
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Zabeti Touchaei A, Vahidi S. MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38462628 PMCID: PMC10926683 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of the immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cancer cells. Two key ICIs target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1). Another ICI targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). While ICIs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various malignancies, only a subset of patients respond favorably. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, play a crucial role in modulating immune checkpoints, including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. This review summarizes the latest advancements in immunotherapy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoints and the regulatory role of miRNAs in modulating these pathways. Consequently, understanding the complex interplay between miRNAs and immune checkpoints is essential for developing more effective and personalized immunotherapy strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Yerolatsite M, Torounidou N, Gogadis A, Kapoulitsa F, Ntellas P, Lampri E, Tolia M, Batistatou A, Katsanos K, Mauri D. TAMs and PD-1 Networking in Gastric Cancer: A Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:196. [PMID: 38201623 PMCID: PMC10778110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and aggressive types of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have proven effective in treating various types of cancer. The use of ICIs in GC patients is currently an area of ongoing research. The tumor microenvironment (TME) also seems to play a crucial role in cancer progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant population in the TME. TAMs are capable of displaying programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on their surface and can form a ligand with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is found on the surface of cancer cells. Therefore, it is expected that TAMs may significantly influence the immune response related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). AIM OF THE STUDY Understanding the role of TAMs and PD-1/PD-L1 networking in GC. METHODS A systematic review of published data was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane databases. We retrieved articles investigating the co-existence of TAMs and PD-1 in GC and the prognosis of patients expressing high levels of PD-1+ TAMs. RESULTS Ten articles with a total of 2277 patients were included in the systematic review. The examined data suggest that the expression of PD-L1 has a positive correlation with the infiltration of TAMs and that patients who express high levels of PD-1+ TAMs may have a worse prognosis than those who express low levels of PD-1+ TAMs. CONCLUSIONS TAMs play a pivotal role in the regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 networking and the progression of GC cells. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to better define the role of TAMs and PD-1/PD-L1 networking in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Yerolatsite
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (N.T.); (A.G.); (F.K.); (P.N.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nanteznta Torounidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (N.T.); (A.G.); (F.K.); (P.N.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Gogadis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (N.T.); (A.G.); (F.K.); (P.N.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Fani Kapoulitsa
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (N.T.); (A.G.); (F.K.); (P.N.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ntellas
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (N.T.); (A.G.); (F.K.); (P.N.); (D.M.)
| | - Evangeli Lampri
- Department of Pathology, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Anna Batistatou
- Department of Pathology, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.L.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Davide Mauri
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (N.T.); (A.G.); (F.K.); (P.N.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
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Amylidi AL, Gogadis A, Yerolatsite M, Zarkavelis G, Torounidou N, Keramisanou V, Kampletsas E, Mauri D. Exploring a Rarity: Incidence of and Therapeutic Approaches for Neurological Complications and Hypophysitis in Cancer Patients on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-A Single-Center Study. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:10509-10518. [PMID: 38132400 PMCID: PMC10742161 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30120766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors, have become the standard of care for many cancer types. However, they induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including neurotoxicity and hypophysitis. The incidence and outcomes of neurotoxicity and hypophysitis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors are not well established. We conducted a retrospective study of 812 patients with solid cancers who received immune checkpoint inhibitors at the University General Hospital of Ioannina between January 2018 and January 2023. We assessed demographic and clinical data, including the severity of symptoms, treatment regimen, other irAEs, resolution type and time, and death. Two patients experienced neurotoxicity and two hypophysitis. All four patients required inpatient administration and received corticosteroids or/and hormone replacement. Three patients responded to the initial therapy, experiencing full recovery, while one patient was corticosteroid-resistant, and immunoglobin G was administered. Two patients never received immunotherapy after their toxicity due to the severity of symptoms; one patient continued monotherapy with nivolumab, changing from combination therapy with ipilimumab-nivolumab, while the fourth patient continued his initial treatment with nivolumab. Our study suggests that the incidence of neurotoxicity and hypophysitis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors is low, but careful monitoring and prompt treatment with corticosteroids are necessary for effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lea Amylidi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.G.); (M.Y.); (G.Z.); (N.T.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Gogadis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.G.); (M.Y.); (G.Z.); (N.T.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Melina Yerolatsite
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.G.); (M.Y.); (G.Z.); (N.T.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Zarkavelis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.G.); (M.Y.); (G.Z.); (N.T.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nanteznta Torounidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.G.); (M.Y.); (G.Z.); (N.T.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Varvara Keramisanou
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.G.); (M.Y.); (G.Z.); (N.T.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Kampletsas
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.G.); (M.Y.); (G.Z.); (N.T.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Davide Mauri
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (A.G.); (M.Y.); (G.Z.); (N.T.); (V.K.); (E.K.); (D.M.)
- Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45445 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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Zefferino R, Conese M. A Vaccine against Cancer: Can There Be a Possible Strategy to Face the Challenge? Possible Targets and Paradoxical Effects. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1701. [PMID: 38006033 PMCID: PMC10674257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Is it possible to have an available vaccine that eradicates cancer? Starting from this question, this article tries to verify the state of the art, proposing a different approach to the issue. The variety of cancers and different and often unknown causes of cancer impede, except in some cited cases, the creation of a classical vaccine directed at the causative agent. The efforts of the scientific community are oriented toward stimulating the immune systems of patients, thereby preventing immune evasion, and heightening chemotherapeutic agents effects against cancer. However, the results are not decisive, because without any warning signs, metastasis often occurs. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on a vaccine that must be administered to a patient in order to prevent metastasis; metastasis is an event that leads to death, and thus, preventing it could transform cancer into a chronic disease. We underline the fact that the field has not been studied in depth, and that the complexity of metastatic processes should not be underestimated. Then, with the aim of identifying the target of a cancer vaccine, we draw attention to the presence of the paradoxical actions of different mechanisms, pathways, molecules, and immune and non-immune cells characteristic of the tumor microenvironment at the primary site and pre-metastatic niche in order to exclude possible vaccine candidates that have opposite effects/behaviors; after a meticulous evaluation, we propose possible targets to develop a metastasis-targeting vaccine. We conclude that a change in the current concept of a cancer vaccine is needed, and the efforts of the scientific community should be redirected toward a metastasis-targeting vaccine, with the increasing hope of eradicating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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Li Y, Ju M, Miao Y, Zhao L, Xing L, Wei M. Advancement of anti-LAG-3 in cancer therapy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23236. [PMID: 37846808 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301018r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have effectively transformed the treatment of many cancers, particularly those highly devastating malignancies. With their widespread popularity, the drawbacks of immune checkpoint inhibitors are also recognized, such as drug resistance and immune-related systematic side effects. Thus, it never stops investigating novel immune checkpoint inhibitors. Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) is a well-established co-inhibitory receptor that performs negative regulation on immune responses. Recently, a novel FDA-approved LAG-3 blocking agent, together with nivolumab as a new combinational immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma, brought LAG-3 back into focus. Clinical data suggests that anti-LAG-3 agents can amplify the therapeutic response of other immune checkpoint inhibitors with manageable side effects. In this review, we elucidate the intercellular and intracellular mechanisms of LAG-3, clarify the current understanding of LAG-3 in the tumor microenvironment, identify present LAG-3-associated therapeutic agents, discuss current LAG-3-involving clinical trials, and eventually address future prospects for LAG-3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Mingyi Ju
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Precision Laboratory, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Shenyang Kangwei Medical Laboratory Analysis Co. Ltd, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Zou G, Huang Y, Zhang S, Ko KP, Kim B, Zhang J, Venkatesan V, Pizzi MP, Fan Y, Jun S, Niu N, Wang H, Song S, Ajani JA, Park JI. CDH1 loss promotes diffuse-type gastric cancer tumorigenesis via epigenetic reprogramming and immune evasion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.533976. [PMID: 36993615 PMCID: PMC10055394 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.533976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma (DGAC) is a deadly cancer often diagnosed late and resistant to treatment. While hereditary DGAC is linked to CDH1 gene mutations, causing E-Cadherin loss, its role in sporadic DGAC is unclear. We discovered CDH1 inactivation in a subset of DGAC patient tumors. Analyzing single-cell transcriptomes in malignant ascites, we identified two DGAC subtypes: DGAC1 (CDH1 loss) and DGAC2 (lacking immune response). DGAC1 displayed distinct molecular signatures, activated DGAC-related pathways, and an abundance of exhausted T cells in ascites. Genetically engineered murine gastric organoids showed that Cdh1 knock-out (KO), KrasG12D, Trp53 KO (EKP) accelerates tumorigenesis with immune evasion compared to KrasG12D, Trp53 KO (KP). We also identified EZH2 as a key mediator promoting CDH1 loss-associated DGAC tumorigenesis. These findings highlight DGAC's molecular diversity and potential for personalized treatment in CDH1-inactivated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyi Zou
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuanjian Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shengzhe Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kyung-Pil Ko
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bongjun Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vishwa Venkatesan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melissa P. Pizzi
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sohee Jun
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Na Niu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of GI Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Aghbash PS, Rasizadeh R, Arefi V, Nahand JS, Baghi HB. Immune-checkpoint expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of cytomegaloviruses infection after transplantation: as a diagnostic biomarker. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:280. [PMID: 37430000 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, mostly causes only slight feverish symptoms or can be asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals. However, it is known to be particularly a significant cause of morbidity in immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients, whose immune system has been weakened due to the consumption of immunosuppressor drugs. Therefore, the diagnosis of CMV infection after transplantation is crucial. New diagnostic methods for the quick detection of CMV have been developed as a result of understanding the clinical importance of invasive CMV. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells are important components of the immune system and it may be possible to diagnose viral infections using immunological markers, such as lymphocytosis, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and serum cytokine levels. Moreover, PD-1, CTLA 4, and TIGIT, which are expressed on certain T cells and antigen-presenting cells, are over-expressed during the infection. The assessment of CMV infection based on T cell and APC activity, and the expression of immunological checkpoints, can be helpful for the diagnosis of transplant patients at risk for CMV infection. In this review, we will investigate how immune checkpoints affect immune cells and how they impair organ transplantation after CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shiri Aghbash
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Rasizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Arefi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166/15731, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166/15731, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166/15731, Iran.
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11
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Xiao F, Zeng J, Wang H, Zhu H, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Xiao Y, Hu G, Huang K, Yang Q, Guo H. MGME1 associates with poor prognosis and is vital for cell proliferation in lower-grade glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3690-3714. [PMID: 37166417 PMCID: PMC10449294 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial genome maintenance exonuclease 1 (MGME1) is associated with DNA depletion, deletion, duplication, and rearrangement. However, the function of MGME1 in tumors, especially lower-grade gliomas (LGGs), has not been established. METHODS Pan-cancer analysis was used to define the expression patterns and prognostic value of MGME1 in various cancers. Subsequently, we systematically determined the associations between MGME1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, biological functions, immune characteristics, genomic mutations, and therapeutic responses of LGGs based on their expression patterns. The expression level and specific functions of MGME1 in LGGs was detected by conducting in vitro experiments. RESULTS Abnormally enhanced and high MGME1 expressions were associated with poor prognoses of various tumors, including LGG. Multivariate and univariate Cox regression analyses manifested that MGME1 expression was an independent prognostic biomarker for LGG. The immune-related signatures, infiltration of immune cells, immune checkpoint genes (ICPGs), copy number alteration (CNA), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and treatment responses of LGG patients were associated with the expression of MGME1. The in vitro experiments affirmed that MGME1 was elevated and tightly connected with the cell proliferation and cell cycle in LGG. CONCLUSIONS MGME1 is an independent prognostic biomarker and closely related to the cell proliferation in LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Operation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guowen Hu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330030, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Departments of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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12
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Gao P, Li T, Zhang K, Luo G. Recent advances in the molecular targeted drugs for prostate cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:777-789. [PMID: 36719528 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second largest male tumor in the world and one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. In recent years, the incidence rate of PCa in China has been increasing year by year. Meanwhile, refractory hormone resistance and adverse drug reactions of advanced PCa cause serious harm to patients. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to systematically review the recent advances in molecularly targeted drugs for prostate cancer and to use the retrieval and analysis of the literature library to summarize the adverse effects of different drugs so as to maximize the treatment benefits of targeted therapies. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a systematic literature search of the Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases up to March 2022 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords such as (prostate cancer) AND (molecular target drugs) AND (side effect) were used. No language restrictions were set on the search process, and all these results were processed independently by two authors. Consensus was reached through discussion once met with any disagreements. The primary endpoint was differential features between different molecular targeted drugs. Secondary endpoints were side effects of different drugs on the body and corresponding prognostic values. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used to assess the study quality in terms of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, the completeness of outcome data, selective reporting and other biases. We retrieved 332 articles, of which 49 met the criteria for inclusion. Included studies show that prostatic tumor cells, tumor neovascularization and immune checkpoints are the main means for targeted therapy. Common drugs include 177 Lu-PSMA, Olaparib, Rucaparib, Bevacizumab, Pazopanib, Sorafenib, Cabozantinib, Aflibercept, Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab. A series of publicly available data suitable for further analysis of side effects. An over-representation analysis of these datasets revealed reasonable dosage and usage is the key to controlling the side effects of targeted drugs. Important information such as the publication year, the first author, location and outcome observation of adverse effects was extracted from the original article. If the study data has some insufficient data, contacting the corresponding authors is necessary. All the studies included prospective nonrandomized and randomized research. Retrospective reviews were also screened according to the relevant to the purpose of this study. Meeting abstracts as well as letters to the editor and editorials were excluded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data analysis was based on Cochrane's risk of bias tools to obtain the quality assessment. The included randomized studies used RoB2 and non-randomized ones corresponded to ROBINS-I. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were used to determine relative risk (RR) and side effects between groups. The eggers' test was used to check the publication bias from variable information in the included studies. All p < 0.05 were considered to be significant, and 95% was set as the confidence interval. CONCLUSIONS With the approval of a variety of targeted drugs, targeted therapy will be widely used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. Despite the existence of adverse reactions related to targeted drug treatment, it is still meaningful to adjust the drug dosage or treatment cycle to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, improving the treatment benefits of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pudong Gao
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Kuiyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Guangheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
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13
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Wirsching HG, Weller M. Immunotherapy for Meningiomas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1416:225-234. [PMID: 37432631 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29750-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Systemic treatment approaches are urgently needed for a subset of meningioma patients who do not achieve local tumor control with surgery and radiotherapy. Classical chemotherapy or anti-angiogenic agents exert only very limited activity in these tumors. Long-term survival of patients with advanced metastatic cancer following treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, i.e., monoclonal antibodies designed to unleash suppressed anticancer immune responses, has fostered hopes for benefit from similar approaches in patients with meningiomas that recur after standard local therapy. Moreover, a plethora of immunotherapy approaches beyond these drugs have entered clinical development or clinical practice for other cancer entities, including (i) novel immune checkpoint inhibitors that may act independently of T cell activity, (ii) cancer peptide or dendritic cell vaccines to induce anticancer immunity utilizing cancer-associated antigens, (iii) cellular therapies utilizing genetically modified peripheral blood cells to directly target cancer cells, (iv) T cell engaging recombinant proteins that link tumor antigen-binding sites to effector cell activating or recognition domains, or to immunogenic cytokines, and (v) oncolytic virotherapy utilizing attenuated viral vectors designed to specifically infect cancer cells, seeking to elicit systemic anticancer immunity. This chapter provides an overview of the principles of immunotherapy, summarizes ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials in meningioma patients, and discusses the applicability of established and emerging immunotherapy concepts to meningioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Wirsching
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Riva A. Editorial: Soluble immune checkpoints: Novel physiological immunomodulators. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178541. [PMID: 37026008 PMCID: PMC10070990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riva
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Antonio Riva,
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15
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Zhang X, Cui H, Zhang W, Li Z, Gao J. Engineered tumor cell-derived vaccines against cancer: The art of combating poison with poison. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:491-517. [PMID: 36330160 PMCID: PMC9619151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vaccination is a promising approach for tumor immunotherapy because it presents high specificity and few side effects. However, tumor vaccines that contain only a single tumor antigen can allow immune system evasion by tumor variants. Tumor antigens are complex and heterogeneous, and identifying a single antigen that is uniformly expressed by tumor cells is challenging. Whole tumor cells can produce comprehensive antigens that trigger extensive tumor-specific immune responses. Therefore, tumor cells are an ideal source of antigens for tumor vaccines. A better understanding of tumor cell-derived vaccines and their characteristics, along with the development of new technologies for antigen delivery, can help improve vaccine design. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in tumor cell-derived vaccines in cancer immunotherapy and highlight the different types of engineered approaches, mechanisms, administration methods, and future perspectives. We discuss tumor cell-derived vaccines, including whole tumor cell components, extracellular vesicles, and cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles. Tumor cell-derived vaccines contain multiple tumor antigens and can induce extensive and potent tumor immune responses. However, they should be engineered to overcome limitations such as insufficient immunogenicity and weak targeting. The genetic and chemical engineering of tumor cell-derived vaccines can greatly enhance their targeting, intelligence, and functionality, thereby realizing stronger tumor immunotherapy effects. Further advances in materials science, biomedicine, and oncology can facilitate the clinical translation of tumor cell-derived vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hengqing Cui
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Corresponding author. Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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16
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Moshnikova A, DuPont M, Visca H, Engelman DM, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK. Eradication of tumors and development of anti-cancer immunity using STINGa targeted by pHLIP. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023959. [PMID: 36330464 PMCID: PMC9622777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the development of novel STING agonists (STINGa), applications appear to be challenged by the low efficiency and poor selectivity of these agents. A pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) extends the lifetime of a STINGa in the blood and targets it to acidic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs). CAFs constitute 25% of all live cells within CT26 tumors, and M2-type TAMs and mMDSCs are the most abundant among the immune cells. The resulting activation of cytokines within the tumor microenvironment (TME) triggers the eradication of small (100 mm3) and large (400-700 mm3) CT26 tumors in mice after a single dose of pHLIP-STINGa. The tumor stroma was destroyed (the number of CAFs was reduced by 98%), intratumoral hemorrhage developed, and the level of acidity within the TME was reduced. Further, no tumors developed in 20 out of 25 tumor-free mice re-challenged by an additional injection of cancer cells. The therapeutic effect on CT26 tumors was insignificant in nude mice, lacking T-cells. Thus, targeted delivery of STINGa to tumor stroma and TAMs induces activation of signaling, potentially resulting in the recruitment and infiltration of T-cells, which gain access to the tumor core. The cytotoxic activity of T-cells is not impaired by an acidic environment and immune memory is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moshnikova
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Michael DuPont
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Hannah Visca
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Donald M. Engelman
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Oleg A. Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Yana K. Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Yana K. Reshetnyak,
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17
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Ge S, Jia T, Li J, Zhang B, Sang S, Deng S. Molecular imaging of immune checkpoints in oncology: Current and future applications. Cancer Lett 2022; 548:215896. [PMID: 36041658 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (IC) blockade therapy has become the first-line treatment for various cancers. However, the low response rate and acquired drug resistance severely restrict the clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nuclide molecular imaging of ICs can provide non-invasive and whole-body visualization of in vivo IC dynamic biodistribution. Therefore, molecular imaging of ICs can predict and monitor responses to ICIs as a complementary tool to existing immunohistochemical techniques. Herein, we outlined the current status and recent advances in molecular imaging of the "first-generation" and "next-generation" ICs in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Ge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621099, China
| | - Tongtong Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jihui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Shibiao Sang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Shengming Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, 621099, China.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The cardiac immune landscape dynamically changes in response to aging, hemodynamic stress, and myocardial injury. Here, we highlight key cardiac immune cell types, their role in reshaping the cellular landscape and promoting tissue remodeling following cardiac insults, and how understanding of these processes uncovers novel disease mechanisms that contribute to cardiac pathology. RECENT FINDINGS Distinct subsets of cardiac macrophages reside within the heart and exhibit divergent functions in response to myocardial injury. Parsing cardiac macrophages based on developmental origin has served as a valuable approach to define functionally divergent populations of reparative (embryonic-derived, tissue resident) and inflammatory (monocyte-derived, recruited) cardiac macrophages. Single-cell transcriptomics and elucidation of the effector mechanisms that orchestrate macrophage functions has provided new and therapeutically tractable insights into the pathogenesis of numerous cardiac diseases. The immune landscape of the heart is dynamic and represents an important mediator of disease pathogenesis across an array of cardiac pathology. Elucidation of mechanisms that drive inflammatory monocyte/macrophage recruitment, activation, and effector responses may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Jimenez
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Campus, Box 8086, St. Louis, MT, 63110, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Campus, Box 8086, St. Louis, MT, 63110, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Mazzarella L, Enblad G, Olweus J, Malmberg KJ, Jerkeman M. Advances in immune therapies in hematological malignancies. J Intern Med 2022; 292:205-220. [PMID: 34624160 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy in cancer takes advantage of the exquisite specificity, potency, and flexibility of the immune system to eliminate alien tumor cells. It involves strategies to activate the entire immune defense, by unlocking mechanisms developed by tumor cells to escape from surrounding immune cells, as well as engineered antibody and cellular therapies. What is important to note is that these are therapeutics with curative potential. The earliest example of immune therapy is allogeneic stem cell transplantation, introduced in 1957, which is still an important modality in hematology, most notably in myeloid malignancies. In this review, we discuss developmental trends of immunotherapy in hematological malignancies, focusing on some of the strategies that we believe will have the most impact on future clinical practice in this field. In particular, we delineate novel developments for therapies that have already been introduced into the clinic, such as immune checkpoint inhibition and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of emerging strategies based on T-cell receptors and adoptive transfer of allogeneic natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Gunilla Enblad
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Jerkeman
- Department of Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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20
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Estrogens, Cancer and Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092265. [PMID: 35565393 PMCID: PMC9101338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones are included in many physiological and pathological pathways. Estrogens belong to steroid hormones active in female sex. Estradiol (E2) is the strongest female sex hormone and, with its receptors, contributes to oncogenesis, cancer progression and response to treatment. In recent years, a role of immunosurveillance and suppression of immune response in malignancy has been well defined, forming the basis for cancer immunotherapy. The interplay of sex hormones with cancer immunity, as well as the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, is of interest. In this review, we investigate the impact of sex hormones on natural immune response with respect to main active elements in anticancer immune surveillance: dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and checkpoint molecules. We describe the main sex-dependent tumors and the contribution of estrogen in their progression, response to treatment and especially modulation of anticancer immune response.
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21
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Liu J, Fu M, Wang M, Wan D, Wei Y, Wei X. Cancer vaccines as promising immuno-therapeutics: platforms and current progress. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:28. [PMID: 35303904 PMCID: PMC8931585 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on tumor immunotherapy has made tremendous progress in the past decades, with numerous studies entering the clinical evaluation. The cancer vaccine is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in the immunotherapy of solid tumors. Cancer vaccine stimulates anti-tumor immunity with tumor antigens, which could be delivered in the form of whole cells, peptides, nucleic acids, etc. Ideal cancer vaccines could overcome the immune suppression in tumors and induce both humoral immunity and cellular immunity. In this review, we introduced the working mechanism of cancer vaccines and summarized four platforms for cancer vaccine development. We also highlighted the clinical research progress of the cancer vaccines, especially focusing on their clinical application and therapeutic efficacy, which might hopefully facilitate the future design of the cancer vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyang Fu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Ramaswamy M, Kim T, Jones DC, Ghadially H, Mahmoud TI, Garcia A, Browne G, Zenonos Z, Puplampu-Dove Y, Riggs JM, Bhat GK, Herbst R, Schofield DJ, Carlesso G. Immunomodulation of T and NK-cell Responses by a Bispecific Antibody Targeting CD28 Homolog and PD-L1. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 10:200-214. [PMID: 34937728 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade therapies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are clinically successful but also evoke adverse events due to systemic T-cell activation. We engineered a bispecific, monoclonal antibody targeting CD28 homolog (CD28H), a newly identified B7 family receptor that is constitutively expressed on T and natural killer (NK) cells, with a PD-L1 antibody to potentiate tumor-specific immune responses. The bispecific antibody led to T-cell costimulation, induced NK cell cytotoxicity of PD-L1-expressing tumor cells, and activated tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, the CD28H agonistic arm of the bispecific antibody reduced PD-L1/PD-1-induced SHP2 phosphorylation, while simultaneously augmenting T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling by activating the MAPK and AKT pathways. This bispecific approach could be used to target multiple immune cells, including CD8+ T cells, tissue-resident memory T cells, and NK cells, in a tumor-specific manner that may lead to induction of durable, therapeutic antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Ramaswamy
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, AstraZeneca (United States)
| | - Taeil Kim
- Oncology R, AstraZeneca (United States)
| | - Des C Jones
- Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
| | | | | | - Andrew Garcia
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca (United States)
| | - Gareth Browne
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering R, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
| | - Zenon Zenonos
- Antibody Development and Protein Engineering R, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
| | | | | | | | | | - Darren J Schofield
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering R, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
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23
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Corti C, Nicolò E, Curigliano G. Novel immune targets for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:815-834. [PMID: 34763593 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2006187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To overcome mechanisms of primary and secondary resistance to the anti-tumor immune response, novel targets such as ICOS, LAG3, and TIM3 are currently being explored at preclinical and early-phase clinical levels. AREAS COVERED This article examines the landscape of the immune therapeutics investigated in early-phase clinical trials for TNBC. Preclinical rationale is provided for each immune target, predominant expression, and function. Clinical implications and preliminary available trial results are discussed and finally, we reflect on aspects of future expectations and challenges in this field. EXPERT OPINION Several immune strategies have been investigated in TNBC, including co-inhibitory molecules beyond PD1-PD-L1 axis, co-stimulatory checkpoints, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, combination therapies, as well as different routes of administration. Most of approaches showed signs of anti-cancer activity and a good safety profile in early-phase clinical trials. Since IO provided benefit only to a small subgroup of TNBC patients so far, identifying predictive biomarkers is a priority to refine patient-selection. Data from ongoing clinical trials, with the gradually improving interpretation of the breast tumor immune environment, will hopefully refine the role of new immune targets for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Corti
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology (DIPO), University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolò
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology (DIPO), University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, Irccs, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology (DIPO), University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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24
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Trillo Aliaga P, Trapani D, Sandoval JL, Crimini E, Antonarelli G, Vivanet G, Morganti S, Corti C, Tarantino P, Friedlaender A, Belli C, Minchella I, Locatelli M, Esposito A, Criscitiello C, Curigliano G. Safety of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Cancer Enrolled in Early-Phase Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225829. [PMID: 34830983 PMCID: PMC8616209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We investigated for the first time the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in patients receiving new antineoplastic agents in early-stage clinical trials, including new immuno-regulatory anti-cancer investigational compounds and drug combinations. We found that about three-quarters of the patients under active anticancer treatments experienced mild to moderate adverse effects (AEs) related to COVID-19 vaccines. Patients enrolled in early-phase trials or receiving experimental immunotherapy agents did not experience worse AEs related to the vaccine than patients with cancer not enrolled in these trials, receiving approved drugs. The safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in patients enrolled in early-phase clinical trials, including those treated with new immune checkpoint inhibitors, does not seem to differ from that of the general population of patients with cancer. Our data support the current vaccine prioritization of all cancer patients with active treatment and calls for data sharing from vaccinated patients enrolled in early-phase clinical trials. Abstract Pivotal trials of COVID-19 vaccines did not include cancer patients, with questions remaining about their safety and efficacy in this population. Patients enrolled in early-phase clinical trials receive novel treatments with unknown efficacy and safety profiles. Studies on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in these patients are urgently required. This is a retrospective, real-world, cohort study of patients receiving anticancer treatments and COVID-19 vaccines between 1 February and 25 June 2021 at the Division of New Drugs Development for Innovative Therapies of the European Institute of Oncology. One hundred thirteen patients were enrolled, 40 in early-phase clinical trials, and 20 under novel immunotherapy agents. Nearly three-quarters of the patients experienced at least one adverse event (AE) after the first dose (1D) (74.3%) and second dose (2D) (72.6%). Most of the AEs were local (67.3% 1D and 61.9% after 2D), while 31.8% (1D) and 38.1% (2D) of the patients had systemic AEs. No AEs above grade 2 were observed. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccines appear to be safe in patients enrolled in early-phase clinical trials, including patients receiving novel immunotherapy compounds. All cancer patients should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination, regardless of ongoing treatments or enrollment in early-phase trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Trillo Aliaga
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
| | - José Luis Sandoval
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Edoardo Crimini
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Antonarelli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Vivanet
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Morganti
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Corti
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tarantino
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Friedlaender
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Carmen Belli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
| | - Ida Minchella
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
| | - Marzia Locatelli
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
| | - Angela Esposito
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
| | - Carmen Criscitiello
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (P.T.A.); (D.T.); (E.C.); (G.A.); (G.V.); (S.M.); (C.C.); (P.T.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (M.L.); (A.E.); (C.C.)
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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25
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Soeratram TTD, Creemers A, Meijer SL, de Boer OJ, Vos W, Hooijer GKJ, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Hulshof MCCM, Bergman JJGHM, Lei M, Bijlsma MF, Ylstra B, van Grieken NCT, van Laarhoven HWM. Tumor-immune landscape patterns before and after chemoradiation in resectable esophageal adenocarcinomas. J Pathol 2021; 256:282-296. [PMID: 34743329 PMCID: PMC9299918 DOI: 10.1002/path.5832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a new anti‐cancer treatment option, showing promising results in clinical trials. To investigate potential immune biomarkers in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), we explored immune landscape patterns in the tumor microenvironment before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT). Sections from matched pretreatment biopsies and post‐nCRT resection specimens (n = 188) were stained for (1) programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1, CD274); (2) programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1, CD279), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), CD8, pan‐cytokeratin multiplex; and (3) an MHC class I, II duplex. The densities of tumor‐associated immune cells (TAICs) were calculated using digital image analyses and correlated to histopathological nCRT response [tumor regression grade (TRG)], survival, and post‐nCRT immune patterns. PD‐L1 positivity defined by a combined positive score of >1 was associated with a better response post‐nCRT (TRG 1–3 versus 4, 5, p = 0.010). In addition, high combined mean densities of CD8+, FOXP3+, and PD‐1+ TAICs in the tumor epithelium and stroma of biopsies were associated with a better response (TRG 1–3 versus 4, 5, p = 0.025 and p = 0.044, respectively). Heterogeneous TAIC density patterns were observed post‐nCRT, with significantly higher CD8+ and PD‐1+ TAIC mean densities compared with biopsies (both p = 0.000). Three immune landscape patterns were defined post‐nCRT: ‘inflamed’, ‘invasive margin’, and ‘desert’, of which ‘inflamed’ was the most frequent (57%). Compared with matched biopsies, resection specimens with ‘inflamed’ tumors showed a significantly higher increase in CD8+ density compared with non‐inflamed tumors post‐nCRT (p = 0.000). In this cohort of EAC patients, higher TAIC densities in pretreatment biopsies were associated with response to nCRT. This warrants future research into the potential of the tumor‐immune landscape for patient stratification and novel (immune) therapeutic strategies. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T D Soeratram
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke Creemers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Vos
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit K J Hooijer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark I van Berge Henegouwen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten C C M Hulshof
- Department of Radiotherapy, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques J G H M Bergman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Lei
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Ylstra
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole C T van Grieken
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Pilard C, Ancion M, Delvenne P, Jerusalem G, Hubert P, Herfs M. Cancer immunotherapy: it's time to better predict patients' response. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:927-938. [PMID: 34112949 PMCID: PMC8476530 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In less than a decade, half a dozen immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved and are currently revolutionising the treatment of many cancer (sub)types. With the clinical evaluation of novel delivery approaches (e.g. oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity) and combination therapies (e.g. chemo/radio-immunotherapy) as well as the emergence of novel promising targets (e.g. TIGIT, LAG-3, TIM-3), the 'immunotherapy tsunami' is not about to end anytime soon. However, this enthusiasm in the field is somewhat tempered by both the relatively low percentage (<15%) of patients who display an effective anti-cancer immune response and the inability to accurately identify them. Recently, several existing or acquired features/parameters have been shown to impact the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In the present review, we critically discuss current knowledge regarding predictive biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy, highlight the missing/unclear links and emphasise the importance of characterising each neoplasm and its microenvironment in order to better guide the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Pilard
- grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marie Ancion
- grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium ,grid.411374.40000 0000 8607 6858Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Guy Jerusalem
- grid.411374.40000 0000 8607 6858Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pascale Hubert
- grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Michael Herfs
- grid.4861.b0000 0001 0805 7253Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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27
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Tarantino P, Antonarelli G, Ascione L, Curigliano G. Investigational immunomodulatory drugs for enhancement of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy: early phase development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 31:499-513. [PMID: 34569405 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1972968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy through the blockade of PD1-PDL1 axis has shown to improve outcomes in advanced and early triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). To further enhance immune-stimulation, and ultimately improve patient outcomes, a wide variety of next-generation immunotherapies (NGIO) is being developed for this disease. AREAS COVERED In the present article, we discuss the immune landscape of TNBC and recapitulate the rationale and available clinical evidence of NGIO under early phase development for TNBC, highlighting challenges and opportunities in this emerging field of research. EXPERT OPINION Multiple immunotherapeutic strategies beyond PD-(L)1 blockade have been tested for TNBC, including the targeting of further inhibitory checkpoints, the agonism of costimulatory molecules, the intratumoral administration of immunotherapies and cancer vaccines. Most of these strategies have demonstrated to be safe in early clinical trials, with some exhibiting early signs of antitumor activity. To optimally harness the potential of NGIO, a refined patient selection based on emerging immune biomarkers will be required, through an adaptation of immunotherapeutic strategies based on patient and tumor characteristics. More mature data from ongoing clinical trials, added to the progressively increasing knowledge on breast cancer immune landscape, will hopefully clarify the role of NGIO for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tarantino
- Division of Early Drug Development and Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Antonarelli
- Division of Early Drug Development and Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Ascione
- Division of Early Drug Development and Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development and Innovative Therapy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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28
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Jing L, Lin J, Yang Y, Tao L, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhao Q, Diao A. Quercetin inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction for immune-enhancing cancer chemopreventive agent. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6441-6451. [PMID: 34560814 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints has achieved significant positive results in the treatment of multiple cancers. Quercetin is one of the most abundant dietary flavonoids found in various vegetables and fruits, and has a wide range of biological activities including immunomodulation. Here we report that quercetin dihydrate was screened and shown to inhibit the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Treatment with quercetin dihydrate promoted the killing activity of T cells on MDA-MB-231 and NCI-H460 cancer cells. Experiments using the xenograft mouse model showed that the growth rate of tumor volumes and masses in the quercetin dihydrate-treated mice were decreased. Immunohistochemistry of the tumors showed that CD8, GZMB, and IFN-γ were increased in the quercetin dihydrate-treated mice. These results suggest that quercetin dihydrate attenuates the inhibitory effect of PD-L1 on T cells by inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, which has an exciting potential to be used as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jing
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jieru Lin
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Tao
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyin Li
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenxing Liu
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Aipo Diao
- Key Lab of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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29
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Cervera-Carrascon V, Quixabeira DCA, Santos JM, Havunen R, Milenova I, Verhoeff J, Heiniö C, Zafar S, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, van Beusechem VW, de Gruijl TD, Kalervo A, Sorsa S, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Adenovirus Armed With TNFa and IL2 Added to aPD-1 Regimen Mediates Antitumor Efficacy in Tumors Refractory to aPD-1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:706517. [PMID: 34367166 PMCID: PMC8343222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.706517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-PD-1 have revolutionized the field of oncology over the past decade. Nevertheless, the majority of patients do not benefit from them. Virotherapy is a flexible tool that can be used to stimulate and/or recruit different immune populations. T-cell enabling virotherapy could enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, even in tumors resistant to these inhibitors. The T-cell potentiating virotherapy used here consisted of adenoviruses engineered to express tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 in the tumor microenvironment. To study virus efficacy in checkpoint-inhibitor resistant tumors, we developed an anti-PD-1 resistant melanoma model in vivo. In resistant tumors, adding virotherapy to an anti-PD-1 regimen resulted in increased survival (p=0.0009), when compared to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Some of the animals receiving virotherapy displayed complete responses, which did not occur in the immune checkpoint-inhibitor monotherapy group. When adenoviruses were delivered into resistant tumors, there were signs of increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and activation, which - together with a reduced presence of M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells - could explain those results. T-cell enabling virotherapy appeared as a valuable tool to counter resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The clinical translation of this approach could increase the number of cancer patients benefiting from immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dafne C A Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao M Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ioanna Milenova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Orca Therapeutics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor W van Beusechem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Suvi Sorsa
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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Rocha P, Salazar R, Zhang J, Ledesma D, Solorzano JL, Mino B, Villalobos P, Dejima H, Douse DY, Diao L, Mitchell KG, Le X, Zhang J, Weissferdt A, Parra-Cuentas E, Cascone T, Rice DC, Sepesi B, Kalhor N, Moran C, Vaporciyan A, Heymach J, Gibbons DL, Lee JJ, Kadara H, Wistuba I, Behrens C, Solis LM. CD73 expression defines immune, molecular, and clinicopathological subgroups of lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1965-1976. [PMID: 33416944 PMCID: PMC8195808 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD73 is a membrane-bound enzyme crucial in adenosine generation. The adenosinergic pathway plays a critical role in immunosuppression and in anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Here, we interrogated CD73 expression in a richly annotated cohort of human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its association with clinicopathological, immune, and molecular features to better understand the role of this immune marker in LUAD pathobiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein expression of CD73 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 106 archived LUADs from patients that underwent surgical treatment without neoadjuvant therapy. Total CD73 (T +) was calculated as the average of luminal (L +) and basolateral (BL +) percentage membrane expression scores for each LUAD and was used to classify tumors into three groups based on the extent of T CD73 expression (high, low, and negative). RESULTS CD73 expression was significantly and progressively increased across normal-appearing lung tissue, adenomatous atypical hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and LUAD. In LUAD, BL CD73 expression was associated with an increase in PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and increase of tumor-associated immune cells. Stratification of LUADs based on T CD73 extent also revealed that tumors with high expression of this enzyme overall exhibited significantly elevated immune infiltration and PD-L1 protein expression. Immune profiling demonstrated that T-cell inflammation and adenosine signatures were significantly higher in CD73-expressing lung adenocarcinomas relative to those lacking CD73. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that higher CD73 expression is associated with an overall augmented host immune response, suggesting potential implications in the immune pathobiology of early stage lung adenocarcinoma. Our findings warrant further studies to explore the role of CD73 in immunotherapeutic response of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rocha
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Salazar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Comp Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debora Ledesma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jose L Solorzano
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hitoshi Dejima
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dzifa Y Douse
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Comp Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle Gregory Mitchell
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiuning Le
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Edwin Parra-Cuentas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tina Cascone
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David C Rice
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cesar Moran
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ara Vaporciyan
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Heymach
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Comp Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Maren Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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31
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Bindal P, Gray JE, Boyle TA, Florou V, Puri S. Biomarkers of therapeutic response with immune checkpoint inhibitors. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1040. [PMID: 34277840 PMCID: PMC8267267 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) have revolutionized the treatment paradigm of a wide range of malignancies with durable responses seen in even advanced, refractory cancers. Unfortunately, only a small proportion of patients with cancer derive meaningful benefit to ICPI therapy, and its use is also limited by significant immune and financial toxicities. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of biomarkers to reliably predict response to ICPI therapy. Only a few biomarkers are validated and approved for use with currently Food and Drug administration (FDA)-approved ICPIs. The development and broad application of biomarkers is limited by the lack of complete understanding of the complex interactions of tumor-host environment, the effect of immunotherapies on these already complex interactions, a lack of standardization and interpretation of biomarker assays across tumor types. Despite these challenges, the field of identifying predictive biomarkers is evolving at an unprecedented pace leaving the clinician responsible for identifying the patients that may derive optimal benefit from ICPIs. In this review, we provide clinicians with a current and practical update on the key, clinically relevant biomarkers of response to ICPIs. We categorize the current and emerging biomarkers of response to ICPIs in four major categories that govern anticancer response—the inflamed tumor, tumor antigens, immune suppression, and overall host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorva Bindal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jhanelle E Gray
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Vaia Florou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sonam Puri
- Division of Medical Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have undergone a resurgence in the past decade. A better understanding of the breadth of tumour-associated antigens, the native immune response and development of novel technologies for antigen delivery has facilitated improved vaccine design. The goal of therapeutic cancer vaccines is to induce tumour regression, eradicate minimal residual disease, establish lasting antitumour memory and avoid non-specific or adverse reactions. However, tumour-induced immunosuppression and immunoresistance pose significant challenges to achieving this goal. In this Review, we deliberate on how to improve and expand the antigen repertoire for vaccines, consider developments in vaccine platforms and explore antigen-agnostic in situ vaccines. Furthermore, we summarize the reasons for failure of cancer vaccines in the past and provide an overview of various mechanisms of resistance posed by the tumour. Finally, we propose strategies for combining suitable vaccine platforms with novel immunomodulatory approaches and standard-of-care treatments for overcoming tumour resistance and enhancing clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Saxena
- Vaccine and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Vaccine and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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33
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Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071663. [PMID: 33916221 PMCID: PMC8037571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (OC) has limited treatment options and is associated with a poor prognosis. There appears to be an overlap between molecular mechanisms responsible for platinum resistance and immunogenicity in OC. Immunotherapy with single agent checkpoint inhibitors has been evaluated in a few clinical trials with disappointing results. This has prompted exploration of immunotherapy combination strategies with chemotherapy, anti-angiogenics, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and other targeted agents. The role of immunotherapy in the treatment of platinum-resistant OC remains undefined. The aim of this review is to describe the immunobiology of OC and likely benefit from immunotherapy, discuss clinical trial data and biomarkers that warrant further exploration, as well as provide an overview of future drug development strategies.
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34
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Roth P, Winklhofer S, Müller AMS, Dummer R, Mair MJ, Gramatzki D, Le Rhun E, Manz MG, Weller M, Preusser M. Neurological complications of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 97:102189. [PMID: 33872978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful therapeutic approach in many areas of clinical oncology and hematology. The approval of ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the immune cell receptor CTLA-4, has marked the beginning of the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In the meantime, numerous antibodies targeting the PD-1 pathway have expanded the class of clinically approved immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, novel antibodies directed against other immune checkpoints are currently in clinical evaluation. More recently, bispecific antibodies, which link T cells directly to tumor cells as well as adoptive T cell transfer with immune cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor, have been approved in certain indications. Neurological complications associated with the use of these novel immunotherapeutic concepts have been recognized more and more frequently. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may cause various neurological deficits mainly by alterations of the peripheral nervous system's integrity. These include radiculopathies, neuropathies, myopathies as well as myasthenic syndromes. Side effects involving the central nervous system are less frequent but may result in severe clinical symptoms and syndromes. The administration of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell is subject to rigorous patient selection and their use is frequently associated with neurological complications including encephalopathy and seizures, which require immediate action and appropriate therapeutic measures. Close clinical monitoring for neurological symptoms is key for early recognition of immunotherapy-related side effects. Comprehensive diagnostic work-up and adequate therapeutic measures are essential to avoid further clinical deterioration and residual neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology & Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Winklhofer
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonia M S Müller
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian J Mair
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorothee Gramatzki
- Department of Neurology & Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Le Rhun
- Department of Neurology & Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology & Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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35
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Strategies to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2021; 154:151-160. [PMID: 33684660 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) allowed the achievement of impressive long-term survival results in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but most patients develop resistance to ICI treatment over time. Resistance to ICIs is mediated by several complex mechanisms affecting, but not limited to, tumour cell-intrinsic alterations and the tumour microenvironment. The possibility of modulating the immune response by interfering with specific alternative immune receptors, pathways and mediators might provide additional strategies to delay or prevent the development of resistance. Therefore, a greater in-depth investigation and understanding of these mechanisms aims to identify novel classes of immune targets and subsequently to evaluate potential new strategies for overcoming resistance, which will be assessed in this review.
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36
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Pantelyushin S, Ranninger E, Guerrera D, Hutter G, Maake C, Markkanen E, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R, Rohrer Bley C, Läubli H, vom Berg J. Cross-Reactivity and Functionality of Approved Human Immune Checkpoint Blockers in Dogs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:785. [PMID: 33668625 PMCID: PMC7918463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodent cancer models have limitations in predicting efficacy, tolerability and accompanying biomarkers of ICIs in humans. Companion dogs suffering from neoplastic diseases have gained attention as a highly relevant translational disease model. Despite successful reports of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in dogs, no compounds are available for veterinary medicine. METHODS Here, we assessed suitability of seven FDA-approved human ICIs to target CTLA-4 or PD-1/PD-L1 in dogs. Cross-reactivity and blocking potential was assessed using ELISA and flow cytometry. Functional responses were assessed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from healthy donors (n = 12) and cancer patient dogs (n = 27) as cytokine production after stimulation. Immune composition and target expression of healthy donors and cancer patients was assessed via flow cytometry. RESULTS Four candidates showed cross-reactivity and two blocked the interaction of canine PD-1 and PD-L1. Of those, only atezolizumab significantly increased cytokine production of healthy and patient derived PBMCs in vitro. Especially lymphoma patient PBMCs responded with increased cytokine production. In other types of cancer, response to atezolizumab appeared to correlate with a lower frequency of CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Cross-functionality of atezolizumab encourages reverse translational efforts using (combination) immunotherapies in companion dog tumor patients to benefit both veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Pantelyushin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (S.P.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Elisabeth Ranninger
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Section of Anesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.R.); (R.B.-W.)
| | - Diego Guerrera
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (S.P.); (D.G.)
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.H.); (H.L.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Maake
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Enni Markkanen
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Section of Anesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (E.R.); (R.B.-W.)
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (G.H.); (H.L.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (S.P.); (D.G.)
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37
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Bergamino Sirvén M, Pernas S, Cheang MCU. Lights and Shadows in Immuno-Oncology Drug Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:691. [PMID: 33572060 PMCID: PMC7915946 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving landscape of immuno-oncology (IO) is redefining the treatment of a number of cancer types. IO treatments are becoming increasingly complex, with different types of drugs emerging beyond checkpoint inhibitors. However, many of the new drugs either do not progress from phase I-II clinical trials or even fail in late-phase trials. We have identified at least five areas in the development of promising IO treatments that should be redefined for more efficient designs and accelerated approvals. Here we review those critical aspects of IO drug development that could be optimized for more successful outcome rates in all cancer types. It is important to focus our efforts on the mechanisms of action, types of response and adverse events of these novel agents. The use of appropriate clinical trial designs with robust biomarkers of response and surrogate endpoints will undoubtedly facilitate the development and subsequent approval of these drugs. Further research is also needed to establish biomarker-driven strategies to select which patients may benefit from immunotherapy and identify potential mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana Bergamino Sirvén
- Clinical Studies and Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Sonia Pernas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology—ICO, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
- Breast Cancer Group, Institut d’Investigacio Biomedica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maggie C. U. Cheang
- Clinical Studies and Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
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38
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Rey-Cárdenas M, Guerrero-Ramos F, Gómez de Liaño Lista A, Carretero-González A, Bote H, Herrera-Juárez M, Carril-Ajuria L, Martín-Soberón M, Sepulveda JM, Billalabeitia EG, Castellano D, de Velasco G. Recent advances in neoadjuvant immunotherapy for urothelial bladder cancer: What to expect in the near future. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 93:102142. [PMID: 33453566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UC) is the most common malignancy involving the urinary system and represents a significant health problem. Immunotherapy has been used for decades for UC with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) set as the standard of care for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has completely transformed the treatment landscape of bladder cancer enabling to expand the treatment strategies. Novel ICIs have successfully shown improved outcomes on metastatic disease to such an extent that the standard of care paradigm has changed leading to the development of different trials with the aim of determining whether ICIs may have a role in early disease. The localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) scenario remains challenging since the recurrence rate continues to be high despite all therapeutic efforts. This article will review the current experience of ICIs in the neoadjuvant setting of UC, the clinical trials landscape and finally, an insight of what to expect in the immediate and mid-term future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rey-Cárdenas
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Guerrero-Ramos
- Urology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Gómez de Liaño Lista
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Canary Islands, Avda. Marítima del Sur, s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - A Carretero-González
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - H Bote
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Herrera-Juárez
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Carril-Ajuria
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Martín-Soberón
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J M Sepulveda
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - E G Billalabeitia
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Castellano
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - G de Velasco
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Choudhry H. The Microbiome and Its Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:E206. [PMID: 33401586 PMCID: PMC7795182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for ~18 million deaths globally each year, representing a major cause of death. Several types of therapy strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and more recently immunotherapy, have been implemented in treating various types of cancer. Microbes have recently been found to be both directly and indirectly involved in cancer progression and regulation, and studies have provided novel and clear insights into the microbiome-mediated emergence of cancers. Scientists around the globe are striving hard to identify and characterize these microbes and the underlying mechanisms by which they promote or suppress various kinds of cancer. Microbes may influence immunotherapy by blocking various cell cycle checkpoints and the production of certain metabolites. Hence, there is an urgent need to better understand the role of these microbes in the promotion and suppression of cancer. The identification of microbes may help in the development of future diagnostic tools to cure cancers possibly associated with the microbiome. This review mainly focuses on various microbes and their association with different types of cancer, responses to immunotherapeutic modulation, physiological responses, and prebiotic and postbiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Fontana F, Bartolo R, Santos HA. Biohybrid Nanosystems for Cancer Treatment: Merging the Best of Two Worlds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:135-162. [PMID: 33543459 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During the last 20+ years, research into the biomedical application of nanotechnology has helped in reshaping cancer treatment. The clinical use of several passively targeted nanosystems resulted in improved quality of care for patients. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these systems is not superior to the original drugs. Moreover, despite extensive investigations into actively targeted nanocarriers, numerous barriers still remain before their successful clinical translation, including sufficient bloodstream circulation time and efficient tumor targeting. The combination of synthetic nanomaterials with biological elements (e.g., cells, cell membranes, and macromolecules) is presently the cutting-edge research in cancer nanotechnology. The features provided by the biological moieties render the particles with prolonged bloodstream circulation time and homotopic targeting to the tumor site. Moreover, cancer cell membranes serve as sources of neoantigens, useful in the formulation of nanovaccines. In this chapter, we will discuss the advantages of biohybrid nanosystems in cancer chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and combined therapy, as well as highlight their preparation methods and clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raquél Bartolo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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41
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Shah A, Grimberg D, Inman BA. Immunotherapy: From Discovery to Bedside. Bioanalysis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78338-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Robilliard LD, Yu J, Anchan A, Joseph W, Finlay G, Angel CE, Scott Graham E. Comprehensive analysis of inhibitory checkpoint ligand expression by glioblastoma cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:403-418. [PMID: 33217047 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain malignancy commonly refractory to classical and novel chemo-, radio- and immunotherapies, with median survival times of ~15 months following diagnosis. Poor immunological responses exemplified by the downregulation of T-cell activity, and upregulation of immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment have limited the effectiveness of immunotherapy in glioblastoma to date. Here we show that glioblastoma cells express a large repertoire of inhibitory checkpoint ligands known to control effector T cell responses. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis reveals that glioblastoma cells with an enhanced stem cell-like phenotype express several investigated ligands at significant levels on their cell surface. This reveals that glioblastoma stem-like cells express suppressive ligands with the potential of suppressing major T cell checkpoint receptors. With this information, it is now essential that we understand the relevance of this extensive repertoire of immune checkpoint ligands and their functional consequence on immune evasion in glioblastoma. This is necessary to develop effective immunotherapeutics and to be able to match treatment to patient, especially in the light of CheckMate 143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laverne D Robilliard
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Akshata Anchan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Joseph
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme Finlay
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E Angel
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Ballotti R, Cheli Y, Bertolotto C. The complex relationship between MITF and the immune system: a Melanoma ImmunoTherapy (response) Factor? Mol Cancer 2020; 19:170. [PMID: 33276788 PMCID: PMC7718690 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitory therapy (ICT) in advanced melanomas is limited by primary and acquired resistance. The molecular determinants of the resistance have been extensively studied, but these discoveries have not yet been translated into therapeutic benefits. As such, a paradigm shift in melanoma treatment, to surmount the therapeutic impasses linked to the resistance, is an important ongoing challenge.This review outlines the multifaceted interplay between microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a major determinant of the biology of melanoma cells, and the immune system. In melanomas, MITF functions downstream oncogenic pathways and microenvironment stimuli that restrain the immune responses. We highlight how MITF, by controlling differentiation and genome integrity, may regulate melanoma-specific antigen expression by interfering with the endolysosomal pathway, KARS1, and antigen processing and presentation. MITF also modulates the expression of coinhibitory receptors, i.e., PD-L1 and HVEM, and the production of an inflammatory secretome, which directly affects the infiltration and/or activation of the immune cells.Furthermore, MITF is also a key determinant of melanoma cell plasticity and tumor heterogeneity, which are undoubtedly one of the major hurdles for an effective immunotherapy. Finally, we briefly discuss the role of MITF in kidney cancer, where it also plays a key role, and in immune cells, establishing MITF as a central mediator in the regulation of immune responses in melanoma and other cancers.We propose that a better understanding of MITF and immune system intersections could help in the tailoring of current ICT in melanomas and pave the way for clinical benefits and long-lasting responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ballotti
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Yann Cheli
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of melanocytes, team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.
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Morganti S, Curigliano G. Combinations using checkpoint blockade to overcome resistance. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1148. [PMID: 33574893 PMCID: PMC7864692 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy for cancer represented a paradigm shift in the treatment approach of neoplasia. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were demonstrated to significantly improve outcomes, including overall survival across several cancer types, with yearly-durable responses. Nevertheless, many patients derive minor or no benefit with immune checkpoint (IC)-blockade, including patients with cancer types traditionally considered immunogenic. Combination strategies of ICIs with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies or other immunotherapy compounds have been conceived in order to boost the immune-responses and potentially overcome resistance to ICIs. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying resistance to IC-blockade and provides an overview of potential advantages and limitations of combination strategies currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Morganti
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti n.435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono n. 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti n.435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono n. 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Small molecules targeting the innate immune cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 signaling pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2272-2298. [PMID: 33354501 PMCID: PMC7745059 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cancer immunotherapies including chimeric antigen receptor T cell and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been successfully developed to treat various cancers by motivating the adaptive anti-tumor immunity. Particularly, the checkpoint blockade approach has achieved great clinic success as evidenced by several U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-programmed death receptor 1/ligand 1 or anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 antibodies. However, the majority of cancers have low clinical response rates to these ICIs due to poor tumor immunogenicity. Indeed, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase‒stimulator of interferon genes‒TANK-binding kinase 1 (cGAS‒STING‒TBK1) axis is now appreciated as the major signaling pathway in innate immune response across different species. Aberrant signaling of this pathway has been closely linked to multiple diseases, including auto-inflammation, virus infection and cancers. In this perspective, we provide an updated review on the latest progress on the development of small molecule modulators targeting the cGAS‒STING‒TBK1 signaling pathway and their preclinical and clinical use as a new immune stimulatory therapy. Meanwhile, highlights on the clinical candidates, limitations and challenges, as well as future directions in this field are also discussed. Further, small molecule inhibitors targeting this signaling axis and their potential therapeutic use for various indications are discussed as well.
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Key Words
- ABZI, amidobenzimidazole
- ACMA, 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Anti-tumor
- BNBC, 6-bromo-N-(naphthalen-1-yl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxamide
- CBD, cyclic dinucleotide-binding domain
- CDA, cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP)
- CDG, cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP)
- CDN, cyclic dinucleotide
- CMA, 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone
- CTD, C-terminal domain
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4
- CTT, C-terminal tail
- CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand
- DC50, concentration for 50% degradation
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DMXAA, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid
- DSDP, dispiro diketopiperzine
- EM, cryo-electron microscopy
- ENPP1, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FAA, flavone-8-acetic acid
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FP, fluorescence polarization
- GMP, guanosine monophosphate
- GTP, guanosine triphosphate
- HCQ, hydrochloroquine
- HTS, high throughput screening
- ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IO, immune-oncology
- IRF3, interferon regulatory factor 3
- ISG, interferon stimulated gene
- ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry
- Immunotherapy
- KD, kinase domain
- LBD, ligand-binding domain
- MDCK, Madin–Darby canine kidney
- MG, Mangostin
- MI, maximum induction
- MLK, mixed lineage kinase
- MinEC5×, minimum effective concentration for inducing 5-fold luciferase activity
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- Ntase, nucleotidyl transferase
- PBMCs, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells
- PD-1, programmed death receptor 1
- PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1
- PDE, phosphodiesterases
- PDK1, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
- PPi, pyrophosphoric acid
- PROTACs, proteolysis targeting chimeras
- PRRs, pattern recognition receptors
- QC, quinacrine
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SDD, scaffold and dimerization domain
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- STING
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- Small molecule modulators
- TBK1
- TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1
- THIQCs, tetrahydroisoquinolone acetic acids
- TNFRSF, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily
- ULD, ubiquitin-like domain
- VHL, von Hippel–Lindau
- cAIMP, cyclic adenosine-inosine monophosphate
- cGAMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate
- cGAS
- cGAS, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase
- dsDNA, double-stranded DNA
- i.t., intratumoral
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Tarantino P, Marra A, Gandini S, Minotti M, Pricolo P, Signorelli G, Criscitiello C, Locatelli M, Belli C, Bellomi M, Curigliano G. Association between baseline tumour burden and outcome in patients with cancer treated with next-generation immunoncology agents. Eur J Cancer 2020; 139:92-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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47
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Borba V, Malkova A, Basantsova N, Halpert G, Andreoli L, Tincani A, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Classical Examples of the Concept of the ASIA Syndrome. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101436. [PMID: 33053910 PMCID: PMC7600067 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) was first introduced in 2011 by Shoenfeld et al. and encompasses a cluster of related immune mediated diseases, which develop among genetically prone individuals as a result of adjuvant agent exposure. Since the recognition of ASIA syndrome, more than 4400 documented cases have been reported so far, illustrated by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and severity. In this review, five enigmatic conditions, including sarcoidosis, Sjögren's syndrome, undifferentiated connective tissue disease, silicone implant incompatibility syndrome (SIIS), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs), are defined as classical examples of ASIA. Certainly, these disorders have been described after an adjuvant stimulus (silicone implantation, drugs, infections, metals, vaccines, etc.) among genetically predisposed individuals (mainly the HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22 gene), which induce an hyperstimulation of the immune system resulting in the production of autoantibodies, eventually leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. Circulating autonomic autoantibodies in the sera of patients with silicone breast implants, as well as anatomopathological aspects of small fiber neuropathy in their skin biopsies have been recently described. To our knowledge, these novel insights serve as a common explanation to the non-specific clinical manifestations reported in patients with ASIA, leading to the redefinition of the ASIA syndrome diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Borba
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5265601, Israel; (V.B.); (G.H.); (H.A.)
| | - Anna Malkova
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 5265601 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Natalia Basantsova
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 5265601 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Gilad Halpert
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5265601, Israel; (V.B.); (G.H.); (H.A.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Laura Andreoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.A.); (A.T.)
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Tincani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.A.); (A.T.)
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Howard Amital
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5265601, Israel; (V.B.); (G.H.); (H.A.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5265601, Israel; (V.B.); (G.H.); (H.A.)
- Laboratory of the Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Saint Petersburg State University, 5265601 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.M.); (N.B.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
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48
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Koch PD, Pittet MJ, Weissleder R. The chemical biology of IL-12 production via the non-canonical NFkB pathway. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:166-176. [PMID: 34458756 PMCID: PMC8341911 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has emerged as an attractive cytokine for cancer therapy because it has direct anti-cancer effects and additionally plays a critical role in enhancing checkpoint inhibitors. Given these multiple modes of actions, identifying means to pharmacologically induce IL-12 production in the tumor microenvironment has become important. In this review, we highlight therapeutics that promote IL-12 induction in tumor-associated myeloid cells through the non-canonical NFkB pathway. We discuss existing clinical trials and briefly examine the additional pathway targets that warrant further exploration for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Koch
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital 185 Cambridge St Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital 185 Cambridge St Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital 185 Cambridge St Boston MA 02114 USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School 200 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 USA
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49
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Bailur JK, McCachren SS, Pendleton K, Vasquez JC, Lim HS, Duffy A, Doxie DB, Kaushal A, Foster C, DeRyckere D, Castellino S, Kemp ML, Qiu P, Dhodapkar MV, Dhodapkar KM. Risk-associated alterations in marrow T cells in pediatric leukemia. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140179. [PMID: 32692727 PMCID: PMC7455136 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current management of childhood leukemia is tailored based on disease risk determined by clinical features at presentation. Whether properties of the host immune response impact disease risk and outcome is not known. Here, we combine mass cytometry, single cell genomics, and functional studies to characterize the BM immune environment in children with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia at presentation. T cells in leukemia marrow demonstrate evidence of chronic immune activation and exhaustion/dysfunction, with attrition of naive T cells and TCF1+ stem-like memory T cells and accumulation of terminally differentiated effector T cells. Marrow-infiltrating NK cells also exhibit evidence of dysfunction, particularly in myeloid leukemia. Properties of immune cells identified distinct immune phenotype–based clusters correlating with disease risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. High-risk immune signatures were associated with expression of stem-like genes on tumor cells. These data provide a comprehensive assessment of the immune landscape of childhood leukemias and identify targets potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention. These studies also suggest that properties of the host response with depletion of naive T cells and accumulation of terminal-effector T cells may contribute to the biologic basis of disease risk. Properties of immune microenvironment identified here may also impact optimal application of immune therapies, including T cell–redirection approaches in childhood leukemia. In high risk pediatric leukemia, naive and stem-like memory T cells are depleted and terminally differentiated effector T cells accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jithendra Kini Bailur
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samuel S McCachren
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine Pendleton
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Juan C Vasquez
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hong Seo Lim
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alyssa Duffy
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deon B Doxie
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kaushal
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Connor Foster
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon Castellino
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peng Qiu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kavita M Dhodapkar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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50
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Berns A, Ringborg U, Celis JE, Heitor M, Aaronson NK, Abou‐Zeid N, Adami H, Apostolidis K, Baumann M, Bardelli A, Bernards R, Brandberg Y, Caldas C, Calvo F, Dive C, Eggert A, Eggermont A, Espina C, Falkenburg F, Foucaud J, Hanahan D, Helbig U, Jönsson B, Kalager M, Karjalainen S, Kásler M, Kearns P, Kärre K, Lacombe D, de Lorenzo F, Meunier F, Nettekoven G, Oberst S, Nagy P, Philip T, Price R, Schüz J, Solary E, Strang P, Tabernero J, Voest E. Towards a cancer mission in Horizon Europe: recommendations. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1589-1615. [PMID: 32749074 PMCID: PMC7400777 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive translational cancer research approach focused on personalized and precision medicine, and covering the entire cancer research-care-prevention continuum has the potential to achieve in 2030 a 10-year cancer-specific survival for 75% of patients diagnosed in European Union (EU) member states with a well-developed healthcare system. Concerted actions across this continuum that spans from basic and preclinical research through clinical and prevention research to outcomes research, along with the establishment of interconnected high-quality infrastructures for translational research, clinical and prevention trials and outcomes research, will ensure that science-driven and social innovations benefit patients and individuals at risk across the EU. European infrastructures involving comprehensive cancer centres (CCCs) and CCC-like entities will provide researchers with access to the required critical mass of patients, biological materials and technological resources and can bridge research with healthcare systems. Here, we prioritize research areas to ensure a balanced research portfolio and provide recommendations for achieving key targets. Meeting these targets will require harmonization of EU and national priorities and policies, improved research coordination at the national, regional and EU level and increasingly efficient and flexible funding mechanisms. Long-term support by the EU and commitment of Member States to specialized schemes are also needed for the establishment and sustainability of trans-border infrastructures and networks. In addition to effectively engaging policymakers, all relevant stakeholders within the entire continuum should consensually inform policy through evidence-based advice.
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