1
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Lee JJ, Wang T, Wiggins K, Lu PN, Underwood C, Ochenkowska K, Samarut E, Pollard LM, Flanagan-Steet H, Steet R. Dysregulated lysosomal exocytosis drives protease-mediated cartilage pathogenesis in multiple lysosomal disorders. iScience 2024; 27:109293. [PMID: 38495824 PMCID: PMC10940929 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The classic view of the lysosome as a static recycling center has been replaced with one of a dynamic and mobile hub of metabolic regulation. This revised view raises new questions about how dysfunction of this organelle causes pathology in inherited lysosomal disorders. Here we provide evidence for increased lysosomal exocytosis in the developing cartilage of three lysosomal disease zebrafish models with distinct etiologies. Dysregulated exocytosis was linked to altered cartilage development, increased activity of multiple cathepsin proteases, and cathepsin- and TGFβ-mediated pathogenesis in these models. Moreover, inhibition of cathepsin activity or direct blockade of exocytosis with small molecule modulators improved the cartilage phenotypes, reinforcing a connection between excessive extracellular protease activity and cartilage pathogenesis. This study highlights the pathogenic consequences in early cartilage development arising from uncontrolled release of lysosomal enzymes via exocytosis, and suggests that pharmacological enhancement of this process could be detrimental during tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jie Lee
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Tong Wang
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Kali Wiggins
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Po Nien Lu
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Christina Underwood
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Katarzyna Ochenkowska
- Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eric Samarut
- Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Laura M. Pollard
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | - Richard Steet
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
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2
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Ammer LS, Täuber K, Perez A, Dohrmann T, Denecke J, Santer R, Blümlein U, Ozga AK, Pohl S, Muschol NM. CNS Manifestations in Mucolipidosis Type II-A Retrospective Analysis of Longitudinal Data on Neurocognitive Development and Neuroimaging in Eleven Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4114. [PMID: 37373807 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type II (MLII), an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disorder, manifests as a fatal multi-systemic disease. Mental inhibition and progressive neurodegeneration are commonly reported disease manifestations. Nevertheless, longitudinal data on neurocognitive testing and neuroimaging lack in current literature. This study aimed to provide details on central nervous system manifestations in MLII. All MLII patients with at least one standardized developmental assessment performed between 2005 and 2022 were included by retrospective chart review. A multiple mixed linear regression model was applied. Eleven patients with a median age of 34.0 months (range 1.6-159.6) underwent 32 neurocognitive and 28 adaptive behaviour assessments as well as 14 brain magnetic resonance imagings. The scales used were mainly BSID-III (42%) and VABS-II (47%). Neurocognitive testing (per patient: mean 2.9, standard deviation (SD) 2.0) performed over 0-52.1 months (median 12.1) revealed profound impairment with a mean developmental quotient of 36.7% (SD 20.4) at last assessment. The patients showed sustained development; on average, they gained 0.28 age-equivalent score points per month (confidence interval 0.17-0.38). Apart from common (63%) cervical spinal stenosis, neuroimaging revealed unspecific, non-progressive abnormalities (i.e., mild brain atrophy, white matter lesions). In summary, MLII is associated with profound developmental impairment, but not with neurodegeneration and neurocognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Sophie Ammer
- International Centre for Lysosomal Disorders (ICLD), Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care and Neonatology, Altona Children's Hospital, 22763 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karolin Täuber
- International Centre for Lysosomal Disorders (ICLD), Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Perez
- International Centre for Lysosomal Disorders (ICLD), Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dohrmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Denecke
- International Centre for Lysosomal Disorders (ICLD), Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Santer
- International Centre for Lysosomal Disorders (ICLD), Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blümlein
- Department of Paediatrics, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum gGmbH, 03048 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ozga
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- International Centre for Lysosomal Disorders (ICLD), Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Maria Muschol
- International Centre for Lysosomal Disorders (ICLD), Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Zhang B, Yang X, Li M. LYSET/TMEM251/GCAF is critical for autophagy and lysosomal function by regulating the mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) pathway. Autophagy 2023; 19:1596-1598. [PMID: 36633445 PMCID: PMC10240974 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2167375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate cells rely on mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) modifications to deliver most lumenal hydrolases to the lysosome. As a critical trafficking signal for lysosomal enzymes, the M6P biosynthetic pathway has been thoroughly investigated. However, its regulatory mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we summarize three recent studies that independently discovered LYSET/TMEM251/GCAF as a key regulator of the M6P pathway. LYSET/TMEM251 directly interacts with GNPT, the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of M6P, and is critical for its activity and stability. Deleting LYSET/TMEM251 impairs the GNPT function and M6P modifications. Consequently, lysosomal enzymes are mistargeted for secretion. Defective lysosomes fail to degrade cargoes such as endocytic vesicles and autophagosomes, leading to a newly identified lysosomal storage disease in humans. These discoveries open up a new direction in the regulation of the M6P biosynthetic pathway.Abbreviations: ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GNPT: GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase; KO: knockout; LMP: lysosome membrane protein; LYSET: lysosomal enzyme trafficking factor; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; M6P: mannose-6-phosphate; MBTPS1/S1P: membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1; MPR: mannose-6-phosphate receptor; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGN: trans-Golgi network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Anaesthesia-Relevant Disease Manifestations and Perianaesthetic Complications in Patients with Mucolipidosis—A Retrospective Analysis of 44 Anaesthetic Cases in 12 Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133650. [PMID: 35806935 PMCID: PMC9267794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis (ML) type II, intermediate, and III are lysosomal storage disorders with progressive multiorgan manifestations predisposing patients to a high risk of perioperative morbidity. The aims of the study were to systematically assess disease manifestations relevant to anaesthesia as well as anaesthesia-related complications. This retrospective study includes ML patients who underwent anaesthesia in two centres between 2008 and 2022. We reviewed patients’ demographics, medical history, disease manifestations, as well as procedure- and outcome-related data. A total of 12 patients (7 MLII, 2 ML intermediate, 3 MLIII) underwent 44 anaesthesia procedures (per patient: median 3, range 1–11). The median age was 3.3 years (range 0.1–19.1). At least one complication occurred in 27.3% of the anaesthesia procedures. The vast majority of complications (94%) occurred in children with MLII and ML intermediate. A predicted difficult airway was found in 100% and 80% of the MLII and ML intermediate patients, respectively. Accordingly, most complications (59%) occurred during the induction of anaesthesia. Altogether, respiratory complications were the most frequent (18%), followed by difficult airway management (14%). The risk for anaesthesia-related complications is alarmingly high in patients with ML, particularly in those with MLII and ML intermediate. Multidisciplinary risk–benefit analysis and thoughtful anaesthesia planning are crucial in these patients.
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Chuzel L, Fossa SL, Boisvert ML, Cajic S, Hennig R, Ganatra MB, Reichl U, Rapp E, Taron CH. Combining functional metagenomics and glycoanalytics to identify enzymes that facilitate structural characterization of sulfated N-glycans. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:162. [PMID: 34419057 PMCID: PMC8379841 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01652-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfate modification of N-glycans is important for several biological functions such as clearance of pituitary hormones or immunoregulation. Yet, the prevalence of this N-glycan modification and its functions remain largely unexplored. Characterization of N-glycans bearing sulfate modifications is hampered in part by a lack of enzymes that enable site-specific detection of N-glycan sulfation. In this study, we used functional metagenomic screening to identify enzymes that act upon sulfated N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Using multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF) -based glycoanalysis we proved their ability to act upon GlcNAc-6-SO4 on N-glycans. RESULTS Our screen identified a sugar-specific sulfatase that specifically removes sulfate from GlcNAc-6-SO4 when it is in a terminal position on an N-glycan. Additionally, in the absence of calcium, this sulfatase binds to the sulfated glycan but does not remove the sulfate group, suggesting it could be used for selective isolation of sulfated N-glycans. Further, we describe isolation of a sulfate-dependent hexosaminidase that removes intact GlcNAc-6-SO4 (but not asulfated GlcNAc) from a terminal position on N-glycans. Finally, the use of these enzymes to detect the presence of sulfated N-glycans by xCGE-LIF is demonstrated. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates the feasibility of using functional metagenomic screening combined with glycoanalytics to discover enzymes that act upon chemical modifications of glycans. The discovered enzymes represent new specificities that can help resolve the presence of GlcNAc-6-SO4 in N-glycan structural analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Chuzel
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA
| | | | | | - Samanta Cajic
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Udo Reichl
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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7
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Essawi ML, Fateen EM, Atia HA, Eissa NR, Aboul-Ezz EH, Ibrahim MM, Hassan HA, Temtamy SA. Quaternary diagnostics scheme for mucolipidosis II and detection of novel mutation in GNPTAB gene. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:111. [PMID: 34342781 PMCID: PMC8333150 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Mucolipidosis II (ML II α/β) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of GlcNAc-phosphotransferase enzyme and results in mis-targeting of multiple lysosomal enzymes. Affected patients are characterized by skeletal deformities and developmental delay. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in GNPTAB gene are associated with the clinical presentation. This is the first study to characterize the underlying genetics of ML among a cohort of Egyptian patients. ML II diagnosis established by clinical assessment, biochemical evaluation of enzymes, electron microscopy examination of gingival inclusion bodies, and molecular study of GNPTAB gene using targeted next-generation sequencing panel in 8 patients form 8 unrelated Egyptian families. Results Sequencing revealed 3 mutations in GNPTAB gene; 1 novel frame-shift mutation in exon 19 (c.3488_3488delC) and 2 previously reported mutations (c.1759C>T in exon 13 and c.3503_3504delTC in exon 19). All patients were homozygous for their corresponding mutations and the parents were consanguineous. Conclusions According to the established quaternary diagnostic scheme, ML II was the final diagnosis in eight patients. The most common mutation was the frame shift c.3503_3504delTC mutation, found in 5 patients and associated with a severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona L Essawi
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.,National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ekram M Fateen
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.,National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Atia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hail University, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura R Eissa
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt. .,National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman H Aboul-Ezz
- National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Division of Oral & Dental Research, Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mona M Ibrahim
- National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Biochemical Genetics, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Heba A Hassan
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt.,National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Temtamy
- National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
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8
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Tiede S, Hundt JE, Paus R. UDP-GlcNAc-1-Phosphotransferase Is a Clinically Important Regulator of Human and Mouse Hair Pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2957-2965.e5. [PMID: 34116066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UDP-GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, a product of two separate genes (GNPTAB, GNPTG), is essential for the sorting and transportation of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes. GNPTAB gene defects cause extracellular missorting of lysosomal enzymes resulting in lysosomal storage diseases, namely mucolipidosis type II and mucolipidosis type III alpha/beta, which is associated with hair discoloration. Yet, the physiological functions of GNPTAB in the control of hair follicle (HF) pigmentation remain unknown. To elucidate these, we have silenced GNPTAB in organ-cultured human HFs as a human ex vivo model for mucolipidosis type II. GNPTAB silencing profoundly inhibited intrafollicular melanin production, the correct sorting of melanosomes, tyrosinase activity, and HMB45 expression in the HF pigmentary unit and altered HF melanocyte morphology in situ. In isolated primary human HF melanocytes, GNPTAB knockdown significantly reduced melanogenesis, tyrosinase activity, and correct tyrosinase protein sorting as well as POMC expression and caused the expected lysosomal enzyme missorting in vitro. Moreover, transgenic mice overexpressing an inserted missense mutation corresponding to that seen in human mucolipidosis type II and mucolipidosis type III alpha/beta showed significantly reduced HF pigmentation, thus corroborating the in vivo relevance of our ex vivo and in vitro findings in the human system. This identifies GNPTAB as a clinically important enzymatic control of human HF pigmentation, likely by directly controlling tyrosinase sorting and POMC transcription in HF melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Tiede
- International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; University Children's Research at Kinder-UKE, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; The NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.
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9
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Habermann FA, Kaltner H, Higuero AM, García Caballero G, Ludwig AK, C. Manning J, Abad-Rodríguez J, Gabius HJ. What Cyto- and Histochemistry Can Do to Crack the Sugar Code. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2021; 54:31-48. [PMID: 34012175 PMCID: PMC8116616 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As letters form the vocabulary of a language, biochemical 'symbols' (the building blocks of oligo- and polymers) make writing molecular messages possible. Compared to nucleotides and amino acids, sugars have chemical properties that facilitate to reach an unsurpassed level of oligomer diversity. These glycans are a part of the ubiquitous cellular glycoconjugates. Cyto- and histochemically, the glycans' structural complexity is mapped by glycophenotyping of cells and tissues using receptors ('readers', thus called lectins), hereby revealing its dynamic spatiotemporal regulation: these data support the concept of a sugar code. When proceeding from work with plant (haem)agglutinins as such tools to the discovery of endogenous (tissue) lectins, it became clear that a broad panel of biological meanings can indeed be derived from the sugar-based vocabulary (the natural glycome incl. post-synthetic modifications) by glycan-lectin recognition in situ. As consequence, the immunocyto- and histochemical analysis of lectin expression is building a solid basis for the steps toward tracking down functional correlations, for example in processes leading to cell adhesion, apoptosis, autophagy or growth regulation as well as targeted delivery of glycoproteins. Introduction of labeled tissue lectins to glycan profiling assists this endeavor by detecting counterreceptor(s) in situ. Combining these tools and their applications strategically will help to take the trip toward the following long-range aim: to compile a dictionary for the glycan vocabulary that translates each message (oligosaccharide) into its bioresponse(s), that is to crack the sugar code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix A. Habermann
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alonso M. Higuero
- Membrane and Axonal Repair Laboratory, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C. Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane and Axonal Repair Laboratory, National Hospital for Paraplegics (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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10
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Wongkittichote P, Upchurch GM, Dehner LP, Wood T, Granadillo JL. Placental pathology in an unsuspected case of mucolipidosis type II with secondary hyperparathyroidism in a premature infant. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 27:100747. [PMID: 33854947 PMCID: PMC8025142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type II (MLII, MIM 252500) is a lysosomal storage disorders caused by defects in GNPTAB gene which encodes alpha and beta subunits of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-1-phosphotransferase. Neonatal presentation includes coarse facial features, restricted postnatal growth, generalized hypotonia, gingival hypertrophy and multiple skeletal anomalies. Here we present a case of a 26-week gestational age preterm infant with MLII who did not exhibit the typical facial features at birth; however, the diagnosis was suggested from abnormal placental pathology showing trophoblastic lipidosis and initial skeletal abnormalities from chest radiograph revealing generalized diffuse severe bone demineralizing disease and multiple fractures. Biochemical testing revealed elevation of plasma lysosomal enzymes. Homozygous pathogenic variant, designated c.3505_3504del, was discovered from GNPTAB sequencing. Her course was complicated by respiratory distress, secondary hyperparathyroidism, abdominal distention and feeding difficulties. Urine mucopolysaccharides analysis revealed mild elevation of total and individual glycosaminoglycan species in a non-specific pattern. To our knowledge, our case is the most premature example of mucolipidosis type II that has ever been reported to date. This report highlights the importance of placental pathological studies in the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parith Wongkittichote
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Garland Michael Upchurch
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Louis P Dehner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology (Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Timothy Wood
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, United States of America
| | - Jorge L Granadillo
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
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11
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Transgenic inhibition of interleukin-6 trans-signaling does not prevent skeletal pathologies in mucolipidosis type II mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3556. [PMID: 33574442 PMCID: PMC7878873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe skeletal alterations are common symptoms in patients with mucolipidosis type II (MLII), a rare lysosomal storage disorder of childhood. We have previously reported that progressive bone loss in a mouse model for MLII is caused by an increased number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, which is accompanied by elevated expression of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the bone microenvironment. In the present study we addressed the question, if pharmacological blockade of IL-6 can prevent the low bone mass phenotype of MLII mice. Since the cellular IL-6 response can be mediated by either the membrane-bound (classic signaling) or the soluble IL-6 receptor (trans-signaling), we first performed cell culture assays and found that both pathways can increase osteoclastogenesis. We then crossed MLII mice with transgenic mice expressing the recombinant soluble fusion protein sgp130Fc, which represents a natural inhibitor of IL-6 trans-signaling. By undecalcified histology and bone-specific histomorphometry we found that high circulating sgp130Fc levels do not affect skeletal growth or remodeling in wild-type mice. Most importantly, blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling did neither reduce osteoclastogenesis, nor increase bone mass in MLII mice. Therefore, our data clearly demonstrate that the bone phenotype of MLII mice cannot be corrected by blocking the IL-6 trans-signaling.
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12
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Doğan M, Eröz R, Terali K, Gezdirici A, Bolu S. Clinical, radiological and computational studies on two novel GNPTG variants causing mucolipidosis III gamma phenotypes with varying severity. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1465-1474. [PMID: 33507475 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucolipidosis III gamma (ML III γ) is a slowly progressive disorder that affects multiple parts of the body such as the skeleton, joints, and connective tissue structures. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the GNPTG gene that provides instructions for producing the γ subunit of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase. In this study we aim to characterize clinical findings and biological insights on two novel GNPTG variants causing ML III γ phenotypes with varying severity. We report on two siblings with ML III γ bearing the previously undescribed c.477C > G (p.Y159*) nonsense variant in a homozygous state as well as a patient with ML III γ bearing the novel c.110 + 19_111-17del variant in a homozygous state. These variants were revealed by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Their parents, who are heterozygotes for the same mutation, are healthy. The clinical and radiographic presentation of ML III γ in our patients who had c.477C > G (p.Y159*) variant is consistent with a relatively severe form of the disease, which is further supported by a working three-dimensional model of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase γ subunit. On the other hand, it is seen that our patient who carries the c.110 + 19_111-17del variant has a milder phenotype. Our findings help broaden the spectrum of GNPTG variants causing ML III γ and offer structural and mechanistic insights into loss of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase γ subunit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Doğan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Malatya Turgut Ozal University Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Recep Eröz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Kerem Terali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Research Group, DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, 34480, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semih Bolu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adıyaman Training and Research Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
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13
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Abstract
The lysosome represents an important regulatory platform within numerous vesicle trafficking pathways including the endocytic, phagocytic, and autophagic pathways. Its ability to fuse with endosomes, phagosomes, and autophagosomes enables the lysosome to break down a wide range of both endogenous and exogenous cargo, including macromolecules, certain pathogens, and old or damaged organelles. Due to its center position in an intricate network of trafficking events, the lysosome has emerged as a central signaling node for sensing and orchestrating the cells metabolism and immune response, for inter-organelle and inter-cellular signaling and in membrane repair. This review highlights the current knowledge of general lysosome function and discusses these findings in their implication for renal glomerular cell types in health and disease including the involvement of glomerular cells in lysosomal storage diseases and the role of lysosomes in nongenetic glomerular injuries.
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14
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Westermann LM, Fleischhauer L, Vogel J, Jenei-Lanzl Z, Ludwig NF, Schau L, Morellini F, Baranowsky A, Yorgan TA, Di Lorenzo G, Schweizer M, de Souza Pinheiro B, Guarany NR, Sperb-Ludwig F, Visioli F, Oliveira Silva T, Soul J, Hendrickx G, Wiegert JS, Schwartz IVD, Clausen-Schaumann H, Zaucke F, Schinke T, Pohl S, Danyukova T. Imbalanced cellular metabolism compromises cartilage homeostasis and joint function in a mouse model of mucolipidosis type III gamma. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm046425. [PMID: 33023972 PMCID: PMC7687858 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type III (MLIII) gamma is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in GNPTG encoding the γ-subunit of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, the key enzyme ensuring proper intracellular location of multiple lysosomal enzymes. Patients with MLIII gamma typically present with osteoarthritis and joint stiffness, suggesting cartilage involvement. Using Gnptg knockout (Gnptgko ) mice as a model of the human disease, we showed that missorting of a number of lysosomal enzymes is associated with intracellular accumulation of chondroitin sulfate in Gnptgko chondrocytes and their impaired differentiation, as well as with altered microstructure of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). We also demonstrated distinct functional and structural properties of the Achilles tendons isolated from Gnptgko and Gnptab knock-in (Gnptabki ) mice, the latter displaying a more severe phenotype resembling mucolipidosis type II (MLII) in humans. Together with comparative analyses of joint mobility in MLII and MLIII patients, these findings provide a basis for better understanding of the molecular reasons leading to joint pathology in these patients. Our data suggest that lack of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase activity due to defects in the γ-subunit causes structural changes within the ECM of connective and mechanosensitive tissues, such as cartilage and tendon, and eventually results in functional joint abnormalities typically observed in MLIII gamma patients. This idea was supported by a deficit of the limb motor function in Gnptgko mice challenged on a rotarod under fatigue-associated conditions, suggesting that the impaired motor performance of Gnptgko mice was caused by fatigue and/or pain at the joint.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Marie Westermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Fleischhauer
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (Canter), University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Vogel
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (Canter), University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim gGmbH, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nataniel Floriano Ludwig
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lynn Schau
- RG Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Morellini
- RG Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur A Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giorgia Di Lorenzo
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruna de Souza Pinheiro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicole Ruas Guarany
- Occupational Therapy Faculty, Federal University of Pelotas, 96010-610 Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sperb-Ludwig
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago Oliveira Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jamie Soul
- Skeletal Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Simon Wiegert
- RG Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida V D Schwartz
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90040-060 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (Canter), University of Applied Sciences, 80533 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim gGmbH, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Danyukova
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Lysosomal sulfatases: a growing family. Biochem J 2020; 477:3963-3983. [PMID: 33120425 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sulfatases constitute a family of enzymes that specifically act in the hydrolytic degradation of sulfated metabolites by removing sulfate monoesters from various substrates, particularly glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans. A common essential feature of all known eukaryotic sulfatases is the posttranslational modification of a critical cysteine residue in their active site by oxidation to formylglycine (FGly), which is mediated by the FGly-generating enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum and is indispensable for catalytic activity. The majority of the so far described sulfatases localize intracellularly to lysosomes, where they act in different catabolic pathways. Mutations in genes coding for lysosomal sulfatases lead to an accumulation of the sulfated substrates in lysosomes, resulting in impaired cellular function and multisystemic disorders presenting as lysosomal storage diseases, which also cover the mucopolysaccharidoses and metachromatic leukodystrophy. Bioinformatics analysis of the eukaryotic genomes revealed, besides the well described and long known disease-associated sulfatases, additional genes coding for putative enzymes with sulfatases activity, including arylsulfatase G as well as the arylsulfatases H, I, J and K, respectively. In this article, we review current knowledge about lysosomal sulfatases with a special focus on the just recently characterized family members arylsulfatase G and arylsulfatase K.
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Lu PN, Moreland T, Christian CJ, Lund TC, Steet RA, Flanagan-Steet H. Inappropriate cathepsin K secretion promotes its enzymatic activation driving heart and valve malformation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133019. [PMID: 33055423 PMCID: PMC7605527 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most common birth defect, a comprehensive understanding of disease etiology remains unknown. This is further complicated since CHDs can occur in isolation or as a feature of another disorder. Analyzing disorders with associated CHDs provides a powerful platform to identify primary pathogenic mechanisms driving disease. Aberrant localization and expression of cathepsin proteases can perpetuate later-stage heart diseases, but their contribution toward CHDs is unclear. To investigate the contribution of cathepsins during cardiovascular development and congenital disease, we analyzed the pathogenesis of cardiac defects in zebrafish models of the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis II (MLII). MLII is caused by mutations in the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase enzyme (Gnptab) that disrupt carbohydrate-dependent sorting of lysosomal enzymes. Without Gnptab, lysosomal hydrolases, including cathepsin proteases, are inappropriately secreted. Analyses of heart development in gnptab-deficient zebrafish show cathepsin K secretion increases its activity, disrupts TGF-β–related signaling, and alters myocardial and valvular formation. Importantly, cathepsin K inhibition restored normal heart and valve development in MLII embryos. Collectively, these data identify mislocalized cathepsin K as an initiator of cardiac disease in this lysosomal disorder and establish cathepsin inhibition as a viable therapeutic strategy. Mislocalized cathepsin K promotes cardiac disease in a zebrafish model of the lysosomal disorder mucolipidosis II and can be targeted by cathespin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Nien Lu
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Trevor Moreland
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Courtney J Christian
- Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Troy C Lund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard A Steet
- Greenwood Genetic Center, J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
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Encarnação M, Coutinho MF, Silva L, Ribeiro D, Ouesleti S, Campos T, Santos H, Martins E, Cardoso MT, Vilarinho L, Alves S. Assessing Lysosomal Disorders in the NGS Era: Identification of Novel Rare Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6355. [PMID: 32883051 PMCID: PMC7503609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders with variable degrees of severity and a broad phenotypic spectrum, which may overlap with a number of other conditions. While individually rare, as a group LSDs affect a significant number of patients, placing an important burden on affected individuals and their families but also on national health care systems worldwide. Here, we present our results on the use of an in-house customized next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of genes related to lysosome function as a first-line molecular test for the diagnosis of LSDs. Ultimately, our goal is to provide a fast and effective tool to screen for virtually all LSDs in a single run, thus contributing to decrease the diagnostic odyssey, accelerating the time to diagnosis. Our study enrolled a group of 23 patients with variable degrees of clinical and/or biochemical suspicion of LSD. Briefly, NGS analysis data workflow, followed by segregation analysis allowed the characterization of approximately 41% of the analyzed patients and the identification of 10 different pathogenic variants, underlying nine LSDs. Importantly, four of those variants were novel, and, when applicable, their effect over protein structure was evaluated through in silico analysis. One of the novel pathogenic variants was identified in the GM2A gene, which is associated with an ultra-rare (or misdiagnosed) LSD, the AB variant of GM2 Gangliosidosis. Overall, this case series highlights not only the major advantages of NGS-based diagnostic approaches but also, to some extent, its limitations ultimately promoting a reflection on the role of targeted panels as a primary tool for the prompt characterization of LSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Encarnação
- Research and Development Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.F.C.); (L.S.); (D.R.); (L.V.)
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism & Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Francisca Coutinho
- Research and Development Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.F.C.); (L.S.); (D.R.); (L.V.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lisbeth Silva
- Research and Development Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.F.C.); (L.S.); (D.R.); (L.V.)
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism & Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Ribeiro
- Research and Development Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.F.C.); (L.S.); (D.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Souad Ouesleti
- Biochemical Service, CHU Farhat Hached, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia;
| | - Teresa Campos
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital Centre S. João, 4202-451 Porto, Portugal; (T.C.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Helena Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Centre, EPE, 4434-502 V.N. Gaia, Portugal;
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Oporto Hospital Centre, University of Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria Teresa Cardoso
- Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital Centre S. João, 4202-451 Porto, Portugal; (T.C.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Laura Vilarinho
- Research and Development Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.F.C.); (L.S.); (D.R.); (L.V.)
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism & Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Alves
- Research and Development Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (M.E.); (M.F.C.); (L.S.); (D.R.); (L.V.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
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18
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Sachs W, Sachs M, Krüger E, Zielinski S, Kretz O, Huber TB, Baranowsky A, Westermann LM, Voltolini Velho R, Ludwig NF, Yorgan TA, Di Lorenzo G, Kollmann K, Braulke T, Schwartz IV, Schinke T, Danyukova T, Pohl S, Meyer-Schwesinger C. Distinct Modes of Balancing Glomerular Cell Proteostasis in Mucolipidosis Type II and III Prevent Proteinuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1796-1814. [PMID: 32641396 PMCID: PMC7460914 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms balancing proteostasis in glomerular cells are unknown. Mucolipidosis (ML) II and III are rare lysosomal storage disorders associated with mutations of the Golgi-resident GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, which generates mannose 6-phosphate residues on lysosomal enzymes. Without this modification, lysosomal enzymes are missorted to the extracellular space, which results in lysosomal dysfunction of many cell types. Patients with MLII present with severe skeletal abnormalities, multisystemic symptoms, and early death; the clinical course in MLIII is less progressive. Despite dysfunction of a major degradative pathway, renal and glomerular involvement is rarely reported, suggesting organ-specific compensatory mechanisms. METHODS MLII mice were generated and compared with an established MLIII model to investigate the balance of protein synthesis and degradation, which reflects glomerular integrity. Proteinuria was assessed in patients. High-resolution confocal microscopy and functional assays identified proteins to deduce compensatory modes of balancing proteostasis. RESULTS Patients with MLII but not MLIII exhibited microalbuminuria. MLII mice showed lysosomal enzyme missorting and several skeletal alterations, indicating that they are a useful model. In glomeruli, both MLII and MLIII mice exhibited reduced levels of lysosomal enzymes and enlarged lysosomes with abnormal storage material. Nevertheless, neither model had detectable morphologic or functional glomerular alterations. The models rebalance proteostasis in two ways: MLII mice downregulate protein translation and increase the integrated stress response, whereas MLIII mice upregulate the proteasome system in their glomeruli. Both MLII and MLIII downregulate the protein complex mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) signaling, which decreases protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Severe lysosomal dysfunction leads to microalbuminuria in some patients with mucolipidosis. Mouse models indicate distinct compensatory pathways that balance proteostasis in MLII and MLIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marlies Sachs
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zielinski
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Kretz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Baranowsky
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Marie Westermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renata Voltolini Velho
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nataniel Floriano Ludwig
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giorgia Di Lorenzo
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kollmann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braulke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida Vanessa Schwartz
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Danyukova
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Linders PTA, Peters E, ter Beest M, Lefeber DJ, van den Bogaart G. Sugary Logistics Gone Wrong: Membrane Trafficking and Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4654. [PMID: 32629928 PMCID: PMC7369703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification for both intracellular and secreted proteins. For glycosylation to occur, cargo must be transported after synthesis through the different compartments of the Golgi apparatus where distinct monosaccharides are sequentially bound and trimmed, resulting in increasingly complex branched glycan structures. Of utmost importance for this process is the intraorganellar environment of the Golgi. Each Golgi compartment has a distinct pH, which is maintained by the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). Moreover, tethering factors such as Golgins and the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, in concert with coatomer (COPI) and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion, efficiently deliver glycosylation enzymes to the right Golgi compartment. Together, these factors maintain intra-Golgi trafficking of proteins involved in glycosylation and thereby enable proper glycosylation. However, pathogenic mutations in these factors can cause defective glycosylation and lead to diseases with a wide variety of symptoms such as liver dysfunction and skin and bone disorders. Collectively, this group of disorders is known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Recent technological advances have enabled the robust identification of novel CDGs related to membrane trafficking components. In this review, we highlight differences and similarities between membrane trafficking-related CDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. A. Linders
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Ella Peters
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Martin ter Beest
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Ates KM, Wang T, Moreland T, Veeranan-Karmegam R, Ma M, Jeter C, Anand P, Wenzel W, Kim HG, Wolfe LA, Stephen J, Adams DR, Markello T, Tifft CJ, Settlage R, Gahl WA, Gonsalvez GB, Malicdan MC, Flanagan-Steet H, Pan YA. Deficiency in the endocytic adaptor proteins PHETA1/2 impairs renal and craniofacial development. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm041913. [PMID: 32152089 PMCID: PMC7272357 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical barrier in the treatment of endosomal and lysosomal diseases is the lack of understanding of the in vivo functions of the putative causative genes. We addressed this by investigating a key pair of endocytic adaptor proteins, PH domain-containing endocytic trafficking adaptor 1 and 2 (PHETA1/2; also known as FAM109A/B, Ses1/2, IPIP27A/B), which interact with the protein product of OCRL, the causative gene for Lowe syndrome. Here, we conducted the first study of PHETA1/2 in vivo, utilizing the zebrafish system. We found that impairment of both zebrafish orthologs, pheta1 and pheta2, disrupted endocytosis and ciliogenesis in renal tissues. In addition, pheta1/2 mutant animals exhibited reduced jaw size and delayed chondrocyte differentiation, indicating a role in craniofacial development. Deficiency of pheta1/2 resulted in dysregulation of cathepsin K, which led to an increased abundance of type II collagen in craniofacial cartilages, a marker of immature cartilage extracellular matrix. Cathepsin K inhibition rescued the craniofacial phenotypes in the pheta1/2 double mutants. The abnormal renal and craniofacial phenotypes in the pheta1/2 mutant animals were consistent with the clinical presentation of a patient with a de novo arginine (R) to cysteine (C) variant (R6C) of PHETA1. Expressing the patient-specific variant in zebrafish exacerbated craniofacial deficits, suggesting that the R6C allele acts in a dominant-negative manner. Together, these results provide insights into the in vivo roles of PHETA1/2 and suggest that the R6C variant is contributory to the pathogenesis of disease in the patient.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Ates
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Trevor Moreland
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | - Manxiu Ma
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Chelsi Jeter
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Priya Anand
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshi Stephen
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R Adams
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Markello
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Settlage
- Advanced Research Computing Unit, Division of Information Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Graydon B Gonsalvez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - May Christine Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Y Albert Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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21
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Matos L, Vilela R, Rocha M, Santos JI, Coutinho MF, Gaspar P, Prata MJ, Alves S. Development of an Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Exon Skipping Therapeutic Strategy for Mucolipidosis II: Validation at RNA Level. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 31:775-783. [PMID: 32283951 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic diseases caused by the malfunction of the lysosomal system, which results in the accumulation of undergraded substrates inside the lysosomes and leads to severe and progressive pathology. Despite there currently being a broad understanding of the molecular defects behind LSDs, curative therapies have been approved for only few of these diseases, whereas existing treatments are still mostly symptomatic with several limitations. Mucolipidosis type II alpha/beta (ML II) is one of most severe LSDs, which is caused by the total deficiency of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, a key enzyme for the formation of specific targeting signals on lysosomal hydrolases to lysosomes. GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase is a multimeric enzyme complex encoded by two genes: GNPTAB and GNPTG. One of the most frequent ML II causal mutation is a dinucleotide deletion on exon 19 of GNPTAB (c.3503_3504del) that leads to the generation of a truncated protein, loss of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase activity, and missorting of multiple lysosomal enzymes. Presently, there is no therapy available for ML II. In this study, we explored the possibility of an innovative therapeutic strategy for ML II based on the use of antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) capable to induce the skipping of GNPTAB exon 19 harboring the most common disease-causing mutation, c.3503_3504del. The approach confirmed the ability of specific AOs for RNA splicing modulation, thus paving the way for future studies on the therapeutic potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Matos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Regina Vilela
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Melissa Rocha
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana I Santos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Francisca Coutinho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Gaspar
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Prata
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Institute of Research and Innovation in Health/IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Alves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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22
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Ammer LS, Oussoren E, Muschol NM, Pohl S, Rubio-Gozalbo ME, Santer R, Stuecker R, Vettorazzi E, Breyer SR. Hip Morphology in Mucolipidosis Type II. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E728. [PMID: 32182687 PMCID: PMC7141371 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type II (MLII) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by defective trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. Severe skeletal manifestations are a hallmark of the disease including hip dysplasia. This study aims to describe hip morphology and the natural course of hip pathologies in MLII by systematic evaluation of plain radiographs, ultrasounds and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An international two-centered study was performed by retrospective chart review. All MLII patients with at least one pelvic radiograph were included. A total of 16 patients were followed over a mean of 3.5 years (range 0.2-10.7 years). Typical age-dependent radiographic signs identified were femoral cloaking (7/16), rickets/hyperparathyroidism-like changes (6/16) and constrictions of the supra-acetabular part of the os ilium (16/16) and the femoral neck (7/16). The course of acetabular and migration indexes (AI, MI) significantly increased in female patients. However, in the overall group, there was no relevant progression of acetabular dysplasia with a mean AI of 23.0 (range 5°-41°) and 23.7° (range 5°-40°) at the first and last assessments, respectively. Better knowledge on hip morphology in MLII could lead to earlier diagnosis, improved clinical management and enables assessment of effects of upcoming therapies on the skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Sophie Ammer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.A.); (N.M.M.); (R.S.)
- International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Esmeralda Oussoren
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicole Maria Muschol
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.A.); (N.M.M.); (R.S.)
- International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Maria Estela Rubio-Gozalbo
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (L.S.A.); (N.M.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Ralf Stuecker
- International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Children’s Hospital Altona, 22763 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sandra Rafaela Breyer
- International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Children’s Hospital Altona, 22763 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Eckmair B, Jin C, Karlsson NG, Abed-Navandi D, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Glycosylation at an evolutionary nexus: the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi expresses both vertebrate and invertebrate N-glycomic features. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3173-3188. [PMID: 32001617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinoderms are among the most primitive deuterostomes and have been used as model organisms to understand chordate biology because of their close evolutionary relationship to this phylogenetic group. However, there are almost no data available regarding the N-glycomic capacity of echinoderms, which are otherwise known to produce a diverse set of species-specific glycoconjugates, including ones heavily modified by fucose, sulfate, and sialic acid residues. To increase the knowledge of diversity of carbohydrate structures within this phylum, here we conducted an in-depth analysis of N-glycans from a brittle star (Ophiactis savignyi) as an example member of the class Ophiuroidea. To this end, we performed a multi-step N-glycan analysis by HPLC and various exoglyosidase and chemical treatments in combination with MALDI-TOF MS and MS/MS. Using this approach, we found a wealth of hybrid and complex oligosaccharide structures reminiscent of those in higher vertebrates as well as some classical invertebrate glycan structures. 70% of these N-glycans were anionic, carrying either sialic acid, sulfate, or phosphate residues. In terms of glycophylogeny, our data position the brittle star between invertebrates and vertebrates and confirm the high diversity of N-glycosylation in lower organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Eckmair
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Institutionen för Biomedicin, Göteborgs Universitet, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Institutionen för Biomedicin, Göteborgs Universitet, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, 1190 Wien, Austria
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24
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Vanbeselaere J, Jin C, Eckmair B, Wilson IBH, Paschinger K. Sulfated and sialylated N-glycans in the echinoderm Holothuria atra reflect its marine habitat and phylogeny. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3159-3172. [PMID: 31969392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the earliest deuterostomes, the echinoderms are an evolutionary important group of ancient marine animals. Within this phylum, the holothuroids (sea cucumbers) are known to produce a wide range of glycoconjugate biopolymers with apparent benefits to health; therefore, they are of economic and culinary interest throughout the world. Other than their highly modified glycosaminoglycans (e.g. fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and fucoidan), nothing is known about their protein-linked glycosylation. Here we used multistep N-glycan fractionation to efficiently separate anionic and neutral N-glycans before analyzing the N-glycans of the black sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) by MS in combination with enzymatic and chemical treatments. These analyses showed the presence of various fucosylated, phosphorylated, sialylated, and multiply sulfated moieties as modifications of oligomannosidic, hybrid, and complex-type N-glycans. The high degree of sulfation and fucosylation parallels the modifications observed previously on holothuroid glycosaminoglycans. Compatible with its phylogenetic position, H. atra not only expresses vertebrate motifs such as sulfo- and sialyl-Lewis A epitopes but displays a high degree of anionic substitution of its glycans, as observed in other marine invertebrates. Thus, as for other echinoderms, the phylum- and order-specific aspects of this species' N-glycosylation reveal both invertebrate- and vertebrate-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorick Vanbeselaere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chunsheng Jin
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Eckmair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iain B H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina Paschinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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25
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Danyukova T, Ludwig NF, Velho RV, Harms FL, Güneş N, Tidow H, Schwartz IV, Tüysüz B, Pohl S. Combined in vitro and in silico analyses of missense mutations in
GNPTAB
provide new insights into the molecular bases of mucolipidosis II and III alpha/beta. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:133-139. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Danyukova
- Department of Osteology and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Nataniel F. Ludwig
- Department of GeneticsFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Genetics and Molecular BiologyFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Renata V. Velho
- Department of Osteology and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Frederike L. Harms
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Nilay Güneş
- Department of Pediatric GeneticsIstanbul University Cerrahpasa, Medicine School Istanbul Turkey
| | - Henning Tidow
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging and Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Ida V. Schwartz
- Department of GeneticsFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
- Postgraduation Program in Genetics and Molecular BiologyFederal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric GeneticsIstanbul University Cerrahpasa, Medicine School Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
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26
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Yang C, Pan J, Linpeng S, Li Z, Tan H, Wu L. Identification of Five Novel Mutations Causing Rare Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7634-7644. [PMID: 31603145 PMCID: PMC6800466 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders, result from specific lysosomal proteins deficiencies in the degradation of biomacromolecule, including over 70 different diseases, most of which are autosomal recessive. LSDs are multisystem disorders, and the clinical manifestations are usually broad and severe, involving the skeletal system, central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, etc. Besides, patients with some subtypes of LSD have distinctive facial features. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed next generation sequencing on 4 suspected mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) cases to determine the genetic causes of the disease. By in vitro molecular cell assay, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot, we tested the pathogenicity of candidate variants. RESULTS We detected 5 novel mutations in 4 patients. The mutations were: c.211_214del and c.1270C>T in GUSB; c.1284+1C>A and c.2404C>T in GNPTAB; and c.717C>A in FUCA1). We identified a rare mucopolysaccharidosis VII patient, a rare fucosidosis patient, and 2 rare mucolipidosis II patients, one of which was an atypical patient. We also present a new pathogenic conjecture about a small deletion in GUSB. CONCLUSIONS Our study described rare diseases in Chinese patients and our results enrich the phenotype spectrum of related diseases, as well as mutation spectrum of related genes, which might be significant for clinical disease diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis.
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27
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Flanagan-Steet H, Christian C, Lu PN, Aarnio-Peterson M, Sanman L, Archer-Hartmann S, Azadi P, Bogyo M, Steet RA. TGF-ß Regulates Cathepsin Activation during Normal and Pathogenic Development. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29539424 PMCID: PMC6247414 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins play roles during development and disease beyond their function in lysosomal protein turnover. Here, we leverage a fluorescent activity-based probe (ABP), BMV109, to track cysteine cathepsins in normal and diseased zebrafish embryos. Using this probe in a model of mucolipidosis II, we show that loss of carbohydrate-dependent lysosomal sorting alters the activity of several cathepsin proteases. The data support a pathogenic mechanism where TGF-β signals enhance the proteolytic processing of pro-Ctsk by modulating the expression of chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4-S). In MLII, elevated C4-S corresponds with TGF-β-mediated increases in chst11 expression. Inhibiting chst11 impairs the proteolytic activation of Ctsk and alleviates the MLII phenotypes. These findings uncover a regulatory loop between TGF-β signaling and Ctsk activation that is altered in the context of lysosomal disease. This work highlights the power of ABPs to identify mechanisms underlying pathogenic development in living animals. Chondroitin sulfate is a known regulator of cathepsin protease activity. Flanagan-Steet et al. identify a positive feedback mechanism whereby cathepsins secreted from chondrocytes upon loss of lysosomal targeting activate TGF-β signaling in developing cartilage. This increased signaling, in turn, stimulates chondroitin-4 sulfation and enhances cathepsin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Courtney Christian
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Po-Nien Lu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | | | - Laura Sanman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
| | | | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA
| | - Richard A Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30606, USA
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28
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Kopitzki S, Thiem J. Syntheses of mannopyranoside 6-thiophosphate and 6-deoxy-6-thio-mannopyranoside phosphate as ligands for affinity chromatography. Carbohydr Res 2019; 480:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Velho RV, Harms FL, Danyukova T, Ludwig NF, Friez MJ, Cathey SS, Filocamo M, Tappino B, Güneş N, Tüysüz B, Tylee KL, Brammeier KL, Heptinstall L, Oussoren E, van der Ploeg AT, Petersen C, Alves S, Saavedra GD, Schwartz IV, Muschol N, Kutsche K, Pohl S. The lysosomal storage disorders mucolipidosis type II, type III alpha/beta, and type III gamma: Update on GNPTAB and GNPTG mutations. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:842-864. [PMID: 30882951 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the GNPTAB and GNPTG genes cause mucolipidosis (ML) type II, type III alpha/beta, and type III gamma, which are autosomal recessively inherited lysosomal storage disorders. GNPTAB and GNPTG encode the α/β-precursor and the γ-subunit of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-1-phosphotransferase, respectively, the key enzyme for the generation of mannose 6-phosphate targeting signals on lysosomal enzymes. Defective GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase results in missorting of lysosomal enzymes and accumulation of non-degradable macromolecules in lysosomes, strongly impairing cellular function. MLII-affected patients have coarse facial features, cessation of statural growth and neuromotor development, severe skeletal abnormalities, organomegaly, and cardiorespiratory insufficiency leading to death in early childhood. MLIII alpha/beta and MLIII gamma are attenuated forms of the disease. Since the identification of the GNPTAB and GNPTG genes, 564 individuals affected by MLII or MLIII have been described in the literature. In this report, we provide an overview on 258 and 50 mutations in GNPTAB and GNPTG, respectively, including 58 novel GNPTAB and seven novel GNPTG variants. Comprehensive functional studies of GNPTAB missense mutations did not only gain insights into the composition and function of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, but also helped to define genotype-phenotype correlations to predict the clinical outcome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Voltolini Velho
- Section Cell Biology of Rare Diseases, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Danyukova
- Section Cell Biology of Rare Diseases, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nataniel F Ludwig
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirella Filocamo
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare e Biobanche, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Tappino
- Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare e Biobanche, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Nilay Güneş
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Medicine School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Medicine School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karen L Tylee
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathryn L Brammeier
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Lesley Heptinstall
- Genomic Diagnostics Laboratory, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Esmee Oussoren
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for LyMannose phosphorylation in health and diseasesosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans T van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for LyMannose phosphorylation in health and diseasesosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Petersen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Alves
- Department of Human Genetics, INSA, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gloria Durán Saavedra
- División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ida V Schwartz
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nicole Muschol
- International Center for Lysosomal Disorders, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Section Cell Biology of Rare Diseases, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Bajaj L, Lotfi P, Pal R, di Ronza A, Sharma J, Sardiello M. Lysosome biogenesis in health and disease. J Neurochem 2019; 148:573-589. [PMID: 30092616 PMCID: PMC6368902 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the pathways that regulate lysosome biogenesis and that are implicated in numerous degenerative storage diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders and late-onset neurodegenerative diseases. Lysosomal proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficked to the endolysosomal system through the secretory route. Several receptors have been characterized that execute post-Golgi trafficking of lysosomal proteins. Some of them recognize their cargo proteins based on specific amino acid signatures, others based on a particular glycan modification that is exclusively found on lysosomal proteins. Nearly all receptors serving lysosome biogenesis are under the transcriptional control of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the lysosomal system. TFEB coordinates the expression of lysosomal hydrolases, lysosomal membrane proteins, and autophagy proteins in response to pathways sensing lysosomal stress and the nutritional conditions of the cell among other stimuli. TFEB is primed for activation in lysosomal storage disorders but surprisingly its function is impaired in some late-onset neurodegenerative storage diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, because of specific detrimental interactions that limit TFEB expression or activation. Thus, disrupted TFEB function presumably plays a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Multiple studies in animal models of degenerative storage diseases have shown that exogenous expression of TFEB and pharmacological activation of endogenous TFEB attenuate disease phenotypes. These results highlight TFEB-mediated enhancement of lysosomal biogenesis and function as a candidate strategy to counteract the progression of these diseases. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshya Bajaj
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Parisa Lotfi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Alberto di Ronza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jaiprakash Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Pohl S, Angermann A, Jeschke A, Hendrickx G, Yorgan TA, Makrypidi-Fraune G, Steigert A, Kuehn SC, Rolvien T, Schweizer M, Koehne T, Neven M, Winter O, Velho RV, Albers J, Streichert T, Pestka JM, Baldauf C, Breyer S, Stuecker R, Muschol N, Cox TM, Saftig P, Paganini C, Rossi A, Amling M, Braulke T, Schinke T. The Lysosomal Protein Arylsulfatase B Is a Key Enzyme Involved in Skeletal Turnover. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:2186-2201. [PMID: 30075049 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal pathologies are frequently observed in lysosomal storage disorders, yet the relevance of specific lysosomal enzymes in bone remodeling cell types is poorly defined. Two lysosomal enzymes, ie, cathepsin K (Ctsk) and Acp5 (also known as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), have long been known as molecular marker proteins of differentiated osteoclasts. However, whereas the cysteine protease Ctsk is directly involved in the degradation of bone matrix proteins, the molecular function of Acp5 in osteoclasts is still unknown. Here we show that Acp5, in concert with Acp2 (lysosomal acid phosphatase), is required for dephosphorylation of the lysosomal mannose 6-phosphate targeting signal to promote the activity of specific lysosomal enzymes. Using an unbiased approach we identified the glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme arylsulfatase B (Arsb), mutated in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS-VI), as an osteoclast marker, whose activity depends on dephosphorylation by Acp2 and Acp5. Similar to Acp2/Acp5-/- mice, Arsb-deficient mice display lysosomal storage accumulation in osteoclasts, impaired osteoclast activity, and high trabecular bone mass. Of note, the most prominent lysosomal storage accumulation was observed in osteocytes from Arsb-deficient mice, yet this pathology did not impair production of sclerostin (Sost) and Fgf23. Because the influence of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on bone remodeling in MPS-VI is still unknown, we additionally treated Arsb-deficient mice by weekly injection of recombinant human ARSB from 12 to 24 weeks of age. We found that the high bone mass phenotype of Arsb-deficient mice and the underlying bone cell deficits were fully corrected by ERT in the trabecular compartment. Taken together, our results do not only show that the function of Acp5 in osteoclasts is linked to dephosphorylation and activation of lysosomal enzymes, they also provide an important proof-of-principle for the feasibility of ERT to correct bone cell pathologies in lysosomal storage disorders. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pohl
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Angermann
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Jeschke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gretl Hendrickx
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur A Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georgia Makrypidi-Fraune
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Steigert
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja C Kuehn
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mona Neven
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olga Winter
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renata Voltolini Velho
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Albers
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan M Pestka
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Baldauf
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Breyer
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital Hamburg-Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Stuecker
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital Hamburg-Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Muschol
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timothy M Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Chiara Paganini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braulke
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Yamada K, Kayahara H, Kinoshita M, Suzuki S. Simultaneous Analysis of Sulfated and Phosphorylated Glycans by Serotonin-Immobilized Column Enrichment and Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8387-8395. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamada
- The Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Haruna Kayahara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kinoshita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeo Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Di Lorenzo G, Velho RV, Winter D, Thelen M, Ahmadi S, Schweizer M, De Pace R, Cornils K, Yorgan TA, Grüb S, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Schinke T, Müller-Loennies S, Braulke T, Pohl S. Lysosomal Proteome and Secretome Analysis Identifies Missorted Enzymes and Their Nondegraded Substrates in Mucolipidosis III Mouse Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1612-1626. [PMID: 29773673 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of soluble lysosomal enzymes requires mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) signals whose formation is initiated by the hexameric N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-1-phosphotransferase complex (α2β2γ2). Upon proteolytic cleavage by site-1 protease, the α/β-subunit precursor is catalytically activated but the functions of γ-subunits (Gnptg) in M6P modification of lysosomal enzymes are unknown. To investigate this, we analyzed the Gnptg expression in mouse tissues, primary cultured cells, and in Gnptg reporter mice in vivo, and found high amounts in the brain, eye, kidney, femur, vertebra and fibroblasts. Consecutively we performed comprehensive quantitative lysosomal proteome and M6P secretome analysis in fibroblasts of wild-type and Gnptgko mice mimicking the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis III. Although the cleavage of the α/β-precursor was not affected by Gnptg deficiency, the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase activity was significantly reduced. We purified lysosomes and identified 29 soluble lysosomal proteins by SILAC-based mass spectrometry exhibiting differential abundance in Gnptgko fibroblasts which was confirmed by Western blotting and enzymatic activity analysis for selected proteins. A subset of these lysosomal enzymes show also reduced M6P modifications, fail to reach lysosomes and are secreted, among them α-l-fucosidase and arylsulfatase B. Low levels of these enzymes correlate with the accumulation of non-degraded fucose-containing glycostructures and sulfated glycosaminoglycans in Gnptgko lysosomes. Incubation of Gnptgko fibroblasts with arylsulfatase B partially rescued glycosaminoglycan storage. Combinatorial treatments with other here identified missorted enzymes of this degradation pathway might further correct glycosaminoglycan accumulation and will provide a useful basis to reveal mechanisms of selective, Gnptg-dependent formation of M6P residues on lysosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Di Lorenzo
- From the ‡Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renata Voltolini Velho
- From the ‡Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Winter
- §Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Thelen
- §Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shiva Ahmadi
- §Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- ¶Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- From the ‡Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Cornils
- ‖Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- **Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Grüb
- From the ‡Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- ¶Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- **Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Müller-Loennies
- ‡‡Division Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Braulke
- From the ‡Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Sandra Pohl
- From the ‡Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;
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34
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Li J, Hsu HC, Mountz JD, Allen JG. Unmasking Fucosylation: from Cell Adhesion to Immune System Regulation and Diseases. Cell Chem Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Glycosylated and non-glycosylated quantum dot-displayed peptides trafficked indiscriminately inside lung cancer cells but discriminately sorted in normal lung cells: An indispensable part in nanoparticle-based intracellular drug delivery. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:197-211. [PMID: 32104393 PMCID: PMC7032100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Difference in sub-cellular trafficking of glycosylated and naked peptides, between normal and lung cancer cells, was established. Normal lung tissue discriminately sorted glycosylated from non-glycosylated peptides by allowing golgi localization of the glycosylated peptides while restricting golgi entry of the naked peptides. This mechanism was surprisingly not observed in its cancer cell counterpart. Lung cancer cells tend to allow unrestricted localization of both glycosylated and naked peptides in the golgi apparatus. This newly discovered difference in sub-cellular trafficking between normal and lung cancer cells could potentially be used as an effective strategy in targeted intracellular delivery, especially targeting golgi-resident enzymes for possible treatment of diseases associated with glycans and glycoproteins, such as, congenital disease of glycosylation (CDG). This very important detail in intracellular trafficking inside normal and cancer cells is an indispensable part in nanoparticle-based intracellular drug delivery.
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36
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Zrhidri A, Amasdl S, Lyahyai J, Elouardi H, Chkirate B, Raymond L, Egéa G, Taoudi M, El Mouatassim S, Sefiani A. Next Generation Sequencing identifies mutations in GNPTG gene as a cause of familial form of scleroderma-like disease. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2017; 15:72. [PMID: 28950892 PMCID: PMC5615433 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-017-0200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleroderma is a multisystem disease, characterized by fibrosis of skin and internal organs, immune dysregulation, and vasculopathy. The etiology of the disease remains unknown, but it is likely multifactorial. However, the genetic basis for this condition is defined by multiple genes that have only modest effect on disease susceptibility. METHODS Three Moroccan siblings, born from non-consanguineous Moroccan healthy parents were referred for genetic evaluation of familial scleroderma. Whole Exome Sequencing was performed in the proband and his parents, in addition to Sanger sequencing that was carried out to confirm the results obtained. RESULTS Mutation analysis showed two compound heterozygous mutations c.196C>T in exon 4 and c.635_636delTT in exon 9 of GNPTG gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed these mutations in the affected patient and demonstrated that their parents are heterozygous carriers. CONCLUSION Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of the GNPTG gene and extend the knowledge of the phenotype-genotype correlation of Mucolipidosis Type III gamma. This report also highlights the diagnostic utility of Next Generation Sequencing particularly when the clinical presentation did not point to specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Zrhidri
- 0000 0001 2168 4024grid.31143.34Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saadia Amasdl
- 0000 0001 2168 4024grid.31143.34Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco ,grid.418480.1Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d’Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jaber Lyahyai
- Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Hanane Elouardi
- Département de pédiatrie médicale, Hôpital d’Enfant, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Chkirate
- Département de pédiatrie médicale, Hôpital d’Enfant, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Laure Raymond
- Département de Génétique Moléculaire, Laboratoire Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | - Grégory Egéa
- Département de Génétique Moléculaire, Laboratoire Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | - Mohamed Taoudi
- Département de Génétique Moléculaire, Laboratoire Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | | | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- 0000 0001 2168 4024grid.31143.34Centre de Génomique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco ,grid.418480.1Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d’Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
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Aarnio-Peterson M, Zhao P, Yu SH, Christian C, Flanagan-Steet H, Wells L, Steet R. Altered Met receptor phosphorylation and LRP1-mediated uptake in cells lacking carbohydrate-dependent lysosomal targeting. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15094-15104. [PMID: 28724630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid hydrolases utilize a carbohydrate-dependent mechanism for lysosomal targeting. These hydrolases acquire a mannose 6-phosphate tag by the action of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase enzyme, allowing them to bind receptors and traffic to endosomes. Loss of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase results in hydrolase hypersecretion and profound lysosomal storage. Little, however, is known about how these cellular phenotypes affect the trafficking, activity, and localization of surface glycoproteins. To address this question, we profiled the abundance of surface glycoproteins in WT and CRISPR-mediated GNPTAB-/- HeLa cells and identified changes in numerous glycoproteins, including the uptake receptor LRP1 and multiple receptor tyrosine kinases. Decreased cell surface LRP1 in GNPTAB-/- cells corresponded with a reduction in its steady-state level and less amyloid-β-40 (Aβ40) peptide uptake. GNPTAB-/- cells displayed elevated activation of several kinases including Met receptor. We found increased Met phosphorylation within both the kinase and the docking domains and observed that lower concentrations of pervanadate were needed to cause an increase in phospho-Met in GNPTAB-/- cells. Together, these data suggested a decrease in the activity of the receptor and non-receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatases that down-regulate Met phosphorylation. GNPTAB-/- cells exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, known to inactivate cell surface and cytosolic phosphatases by oxidation of active site cysteine residues. Consistent with this mode of action, peroxide treatment of parental HeLa cells elevated phospho-Met levels whereas antioxidant treatment of GNPTAB-/- cells reduced phospho-Met levels. Collectively, these findings identify new mechanisms whereby impaired lysosomal targeting can impact the activity and recycling of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Aarnio-Peterson
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Peng Zhao
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Seok-Ho Yu
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Courtney Christian
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Heather Flanagan-Steet
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lance Wells
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Richard Steet
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Site-1 protease and lysosomal homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2162-2168. [PMID: 28693924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi-resident site-1 protease (S1P) is a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis and ER stress responses by converting latent transcription factors sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREPBs) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), as well as viral glycoproteins to their active forms. S1P is also essential for lysosome biogenesis via proteolytic activation of the hexameric GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase complex required for modification of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes with the lysosomal targeting signal, mannose 6-phosphate. In the absence of S1P, the catalytically inactive α/β-subunit precursor of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase fails to be activated and results in missorting of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes, and lysosomal accumulation of non-degraded material, which are biochemical features of defective GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase subunits and the associated pediatric lysosomal diseases mucolipidosis type II and III. The early embryonic death of S1P-deficient mice and the importance of various S1P-regulated biological processes, including lysosomal homeostasis, cautioned for clinical inhibition of S1P. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
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Tasegian A, Paciotti S, Ceccarini MR, Codini M, Moors T, Chiasserini D, Albi E, Winchester B, van de Berg WDJ, Parnetti L, Beccari T. Origin of α-mannosidase activity in CSF. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 87:34-37. [PMID: 28359775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The α-mannosidase activity in human frontal gyrus, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma has been analyzed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography to investigate the origin of the α-mannosidase activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The profile of α-mannosidase isoenzymes obtained in CSF was similar to that in the frontal gyrus but different from that in human plasma. In particular the two characteristic peaks of lysosomal α-mannosidase, A and B, which have a pH-optimum of 4.5 and are found in human tissues, were present in both the frontal gyrus and CSF. In contrast the majority of α-mannosidase activity in human plasma was due to the so called intermediate form, which has a pH-optimum of 5.5. The results suggest that the intermediate form of α-mannosidase in plasma does not cross the blood-brain barrier and that the α-mannosidase activity present in the cerebrospinal fluid is of lysosomal type and of brain origin. Thus the α-mannosidase activity in cerebrospinal fluid might mirror the brain pathological changes linked to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tasegian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Paciotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tim Moors
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Chiasserini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bryan Winchester
- Biochemistry Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neurology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Saimani U, Kim K. Traffic from the endosome towards trans-Golgi network. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:198-205. [PMID: 28256269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde passage of a transport carrier entails cargo sorting at the endosome, generation of a cargo-laden carrier and its movement along cytoskeletal tracks towards trans-Golgi network (TGN), tethering at the TGN, and fusion with the Golgi membrane. Significant advances have been made in understanding this traffic system, revealing molecular requirements in each step and the functional connection between them as well as biomedical implication of the dysregulation of those important traffic factors. This review focuses on describing up-to-date action mechanisms for retrograde transport from the endosomal system to the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Saimani
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65807, United States
| | - Kyoungtae Kim
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, 901 S National, Springfield, MO 65807, United States.
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41
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Subcellular Trafficking of Mammalian Lysosomal Proteins: An Extended View. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010047. [PMID: 28036022 PMCID: PMC5297682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes clear macromolecules, maintain nutrient and cholesterol homeostasis, participate in tissue repair, and in many other cellular functions. To assume these tasks, lysosomes rely on their large arsenal of acid hydrolases, transmembrane proteins and membrane-associated proteins. It is therefore imperative that, post-synthesis, these proteins are specifically recognized as lysosomal components and are correctly sorted to this organelle through the endosomes. Lysosomal transmembrane proteins contain consensus motifs in their cytosolic regions (tyrosine- or dileucine-based) that serve as sorting signals to the endosomes, whereas most lysosomal acid hydrolases acquire mannose 6-phosphate (Man-6-P) moieties that mediate binding to two membrane receptors with endosomal sorting motifs in their cytosolic tails. These tyrosine- and dileucine-based motifs are tickets for boarding in clathrin-coated carriers that transport their cargo from the trans-Golgi network and plasma membrane to the endosomes. However, increasing evidence points to additional mechanisms participating in the biogenesis of lysosomes. In some cell types, for example, there are alternatives to the Man-6-P receptors for the transport of some acid hydrolases. In addition, several “non-consensus” sorting motifs have been identified, and atypical transport routes to endolysosomes have been brought to light. These “unconventional” or “less known” transport mechanisms are the focus of this review.
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Beck M. The Link Between Lysosomal Storage Disorders and More Common Diseases. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409816682767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Beck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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43
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Velho RV, De Pace R, Tidow H, Braulke T, Pohl S. Identification of the interaction domains between α- and γ-subunits of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4287-4295. [PMID: 27736005 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The disease-associated hexameric N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-1-phosphotransferase complex (α2 β2 γ2 ) catalyzes the formation of mannose 6-phosphate residues on lysosomal enzymes required for efficient targeting to lysosomes. Using pull-down experiments and mutant subunits, we identified a potential loop-like region in the α-subunits comprising residues 535-588 and 645-698 involved in the binding to γ-subunits. The interaction is independent of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor homology domain but requires the N-terminal unstructured part of the γ-subunit consisting of residues 26-69. These studies provide new insights into structural requirements for the assembly of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase complex, and the functions of distinct domains of the α- and γ-subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Voltolini Velho
- Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Henning Tidow
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braulke
- Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Section Biochemistry, Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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44
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Progida C, Bakke O. Bidirectional traffic between the Golgi and the endosomes - machineries and regulation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3971-3982. [PMID: 27802132 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional transport between the Golgi complex and the endocytic pathway has to be finely regulated in order to ensure the proper delivery of newly synthetized lysosomal enzymes and the return of sorting receptors from degradative compartments. The high complexity of these routes has led to experimental difficulties in properly dissecting and separating the different pathways. As a consequence, several models have been proposed during the past decades. However, recent advances in our understanding of endosomal dynamics have helped to unify these different views. We provide here an overview of the current insights into the transport routes between Golgi and endosomes in mammalian cells. The focus of the Commentary is on the key molecules involved in the trafficking pathways between these intracellular compartments, such as Rab proteins and sorting receptors, and their regulation. A proper understanding of the bidirectional traffic between the Golgi complex and the endolysosomal system is of uttermost importance, as several studies have demonstrated that mutations in the factors involved in these transport pathways result in various pathologies, in particular lysosome-associated diseases and diverse neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Progida
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddmund Bakke
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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45
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Catabolism of N-glycoproteins in mammalian cells: Molecular mechanisms and genetic disorders related to the processes. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Gabius HJ, Manning JC, Kopitz J, André S, Kaltner H. Sweet complementarity: the functional pairing of glycans with lectins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1989-2016. [PMID: 26956894 PMCID: PMC11108359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates establish the third alphabet of life. As part of cellular glycoconjugates, the glycans generate a multitude of signals in a minimum of space. The presence of distinct glycotopes and the glycome diversity are mapped by sugar receptors (antibodies and lectins). Endogenous (tissue) lectins can read the sugar-encoded information and translate it into functional aspects of cell sociology. Illustrated by instructive examples, each glycan has its own ligand properties. Lectins with different folds can converge to target the same epitope, while intrafamily diversification enables functional cooperation and antagonism. The emerging evidence for the concept of a network calls for a detailed fingerprinting. Due to the high degree of plasticity and dynamics of the display of genes for lectins the validity of extrapolations between different organisms of the phylogenetic tree yet is inevitably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - J C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - H Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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47
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Ko AR, Jin DK, Cho SY, Park SW, Przybylska M, Yew NS, Cheng SH, Kim JS, Kwak MJ, Kim SJ, Sohn YB. AAV8-mediated expression of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase attenuates bone loss in a mouse model of mucolipidosis II. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:447-55. [PMID: 26857995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucolipidoses II and III (ML II and ML III) are lysosomal disorders in which the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker is absent from lysosomal hydrolases and other glycoproteins due to mutations in GNPTAB, which encodes two of three subunits of the heterohexameric enzyme, N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. Both disorders are caused by the same gene, but ML II represents the more severe phenotype. Bone manifestations of ML II include hip dysplasia, scoliosis, rickets and osteogenesis imperfecta. In this study, we sought to determine whether a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (AAV2/8-GNPTAB) could confer high and prolonged gene expression of GNPTAB and thereby influence the pathology in the cartilage and bone tissue of a GNPTAB knock out (KO) mouse model. The results demonstrated significant increases in bone mineral density and content in AAV2/8-GNPTAB-treated as compared to non-treated KO mice. We also showed that IL-6 (interleukin-6) expression in articular cartilage was reduced in AAV2/8-GNPTAB treated ML II mice. Together, these data suggest that AAV-mediated expression of GNPTAB in ML II mice can attenuate bone loss via inhibition of IL-6 production. This study emphasizes the value of the MLII KO mouse to recapitulate the clinical manifestations of the disease and highlights its amenability to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Ra Ko
- Clinical Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Yoon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Woman's Health Care Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Sohn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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48
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Chia J, Goh G, Bard F. Short O-GalNAc glycans: regulation and role in tumor development and clinical perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1623-39. [PMID: 26968459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the underlying causes of cancer are genetic modifications, changes in cellular states mediate cancer development. Tumor cells display markedly changed glycosylation states, of which the O-GalNAc glycans called the Tn and TF antigens are particularly common. How these antigens get over-expressed is not clear. The expression levels of glycosylation enzymes fail to explain it. SCOPE OF REVIEW We describe the regulation of O-GalNAc glycosylation initiation and extension with emphasis on the initiating enzymes ppGalNAcTs (GALNTs), and introduce the GALA pathway--a change in GALNTs compartmentation within the secretory pathway that regulates Tn levels. We discuss the roles of O-GalNAc glycans and GALNTs in tumorigenic processes and finally consider diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Contrary to a common hypothesis, short O-glycans in tumors are not the result of an incomplete glycosylation process but rather reveal the activation of regulatory pathways. Surprisingly, high Tn levels reveal a major shift in the O-glycoproteome rather than a shortening of O-glycans. These changes are driven by membrane trafficking events. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Many attempts to use O-glycans for biomarker, antibody and therapeutic vaccine development have been made, but suffer limitations including poor sensitivity and/or specificity that may in part derive from lack of a mechanistic understanding. Deciphering how short O-GalNAc glycans are regulated would open new perspectives to exploit this biology for therapeutic usage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Germaine Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Frederic Bard
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge, Road, 119077, Singapore.
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49
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Flanagan-Steet H, Aarnio M, Kwan B, Guihard P, Petrey A, Haskins M, Blanchard F, Steet R. Cathepsin-Mediated Alterations in TGFß-Related Signaling Underlie Disrupted Cartilage and Bone Maturation Associated With Impaired Lysosomal Targeting. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:535-48. [PMID: 26404503 PMCID: PMC4808492 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypersecretion of acid hydrolases is a hallmark feature of mucolipidosis II (MLII), a lysosomal storage disease caused by loss of carbohydrate-dependent lysosomal targeting. Inappropriate extracellular action of these hydrolases is proposed to contribute to skeletal pathogenesis, but the mechanisms that connect hydrolase activity to the onset of disease phenotypes remain poorly understood. Here we link extracellular cathepsin K activity to abnormal bone and cartilage development in MLII animals by demonstrating that it disrupts the balance of TGFß-related signaling during chondrogenesis. TGFß-like Smad2,3 signals are elevated and BMP-like Smad1,5,8 signals reduced in both feline and zebrafish MLII chondrocytes and osteoblasts, maintaining these cells in an immature state. Reducing either cathepsin K activity or expression of the transcriptional regulator Sox9a in MLII zebrafish significantly improved phenotypes. We further identify components of the large latent TGFß complex as novel targets of cathepsin K at neutral pH, providing a possible mechanism for enhanced Smad2,3 activation in vivo. These findings highlight the complexity of the skeletal disease associated with MLII and bring new insight to the role of secreted cathepsin proteases in cartilage development and growth factor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Aarnio
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian Kwan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Aaron Petrey
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mark Haskins
- Departments of Pathology and Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Richard Steet
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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50
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Analysis of zwitterionic and anionic N-linked glycans from invertebrates and protists by mass spectrometry. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:273-83. [PMID: 26899268 PMCID: PMC4891362 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Glycomic analyses over the years have revealed that non-vertebrate eukaryotes express oligosaccharides with inorganic and zwitterionic modifications which are either occurring in different contexts as compared to, or are absent from, mammals. Examples of anionic N-glycans (carrying sulphate or phosphate) are known from amoebae, fungi, molluscs and insects, while zwitterionic modifications by phosphorylcholine, phosphoethanolamine and aminoethylphosphonate occur on N-, O- and lipid-linked glycans from trichomonads, annelids, fungi, molluscs, insects, cestodes and nematodes. For detection of zwitterionic and anionic glycans, mass spectrometry has been a key method, but their ionic character affects the preparation and purification; therefore, as part of a glycomic strategy, the possibility of their presence must be considered in advance. On the other hand, their ionisation and fragmentation in positive and negative ion mode mass spectrometry as well as specific chemical or enzymatic treatments can prove diagnostic to their analysis. In our laboratory, we combine solid-phase extraction, reversed and normal phase HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS, exoglycosidase digests and hydrofluoric acid treatment to reveal N-glycans modified with anionic and zwitterionic moieties in a wide range of organisms. It is to be anticipated that, as more species are glycomically analysed, zwitterionic and anionic modifications of N-glycans will prove rather widespread. This knowledge is - in the longer term - then the basis for understanding the function of this cornucopia of glycan modifications.
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