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Anbalagan GK, Agarwal P, Ghosh SK. Evidence of 14-3-3 proteins contributing to kinetochore integrity and chromosome congression during mitosis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261928. [PMID: 38988319 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 family of proteins are conserved across eukaryotes and serve myriad important regulatory functions in the cell. Homo- and hetero-dimers of these proteins mainly recognize their ligands via conserved motifs to modulate the localization and functions of those effector ligands. In most of the genetic backgrounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, disruption of both 14-3-3 homologs (Bmh1 and Bmh2) are either lethal or cells survive with severe growth defects, including gross chromosomal missegregation and prolonged cell cycle arrest. To elucidate their contributions to chromosome segregation, in this work, we investigated their centromere- and kinetochore-related functions of Bmh1 and Bmh2. Analysis of appropriate deletion mutants shows that Bmh isoforms have cumulative and non-shared isoform-specific contributions in maintaining the proper integrity of the kinetochore ensemble. Consequently, Bmh mutant cells exhibited perturbations in kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) dynamics, characterized by kinetochore declustering, mis-localization of kinetochore proteins and Mad2-mediated transient G2/M arrest. These defects also caused an asynchronous chromosome congression in bmh mutants during metaphase. In summary, this report advances the knowledge on contributions of budding yeast 14-3-3 proteins in chromosome segregation by demonstrating their roles in kinetochore integrity and chromosome congression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakhar Agarwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, 400 076, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, 400 076, India
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Chen Y, Yao Z, Zhao L, Yu M, Chen B, Zou C. Redundant and Distinct Roles of Two 14-3-3 Proteins in Fusarium sacchari, Pathogen of Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:257. [PMID: 38667928 PMCID: PMC11051555 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium sacchari, a key pathogen of sugarcane, is responsible for the Pokkah boeng disease (PBD) in China. The 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in critical developmental processes, including dimorphic transition, signal transduction, and carbon metabolism in various phytopathogenic fungi. However, their roles are poorly understood in F. sacchari. This study focused on the characterization of two 14-3-3 protein-encoding genes, FsBmh1 and FsBmh2, within F. sacchari. Both genes were found to be expressed during the vegetative growth stage, yet FsBmh1 was repressed at the sporulation stage in vitro. To elucidate the functions of these genes, the deletion mutants ΔFsBmh1 and ΔFsBmh2 were generated. The ΔFsBmh2 exhibited more pronounced phenotypic defects, such as impaired hyphal branching, septation, conidiation, spore germination, and colony growth, compared to the ΔFsBmh1. Notably, both knockout mutants showed a reduction in virulence, with transcriptome analysis revealing changes associated with the observed phenotypes. To further investigate the functional interplay between FsBmh1 and FsBmh2, we constructed and analyzed mutants with combined deletion and silencing (ΔFsBmh/siFsBmh) as well as overexpression (O-FsBmh). The combinations of ΔFsBmh1/siFsBmh2 or ΔFsBmh2/siFsBmh1 displayed more severe phenotypes than those with single allele deletions, suggesting a functional redundancy between the two 14-3-3 proteins. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays identified 20 proteins with pivotal roles in primary metabolism or diverse biological functions, 12 of which interacted with both FsBmh1 and FsBmh2. Three proteins were specifically associated with FsBmh1, while five interacted exclusively with FsBmh2. In summary, this research provides novel insights into the roles of FsBmh1 and FsBmh2 in F. sacchari and highlights potential targets for PBD management through the modulation of FsBmh functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Ziting Yao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Lixian Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Chengwu Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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Obsilova V, Obsil T. The yeast 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2 regulate key signaling pathways. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1327014. [PMID: 38328397 PMCID: PMC10847541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1327014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling regulates several physiological processes by receiving, processing, and transmitting signals between the extracellular and intracellular environments. In signal transduction, phosphorylation is a crucial effector as the most common posttranslational modification. Selectively recognizing specific phosphorylated motifs of target proteins and modulating their functions through binding interactions, the yeast 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2 are involved in catabolite repression, carbon metabolism, endocytosis, and mitochondrial retrograde signaling, among other key cellular processes. These conserved scaffolding molecules also mediate crosstalk between ubiquitination and phosphorylation, the spatiotemporal control of meiosis, and the activity of ion transporters Trk1 and Nha1. In humans, deregulation of analogous processes triggers the development of serious diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, viral infections, microbial conditions and neuronal and age-related diseases. Accordingly, the aim of this review article is to provide a brief overview of the latest findings on the functions of yeast 14-3-3 proteins, focusing on their role in modulating the aforementioned processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Obsilova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Avecilla G, Spealman P, Matthews J, Caudal E, Schacherer J, Gresham D. Copy number variation alters local and global mutational tolerance. Genome Res 2023; 33:1340-1353. [PMID: 37652668 PMCID: PMC10547251 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277625.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs), duplications and deletions of genomic sequences, contribute to evolutionary adaptation but can also confer deleterious effects and cause disease. Whereas the effects of amplifying individual genes or whole chromosomes (i.e., aneuploidy) have been studied extensively, much less is known about the genetic and functional effects of CNVs of differing sizes and structures. Here, we investigated Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) strains that acquired adaptive CNVs of variable structures and copy numbers following experimental evolution in glutamine-limited chemostats. Although beneficial in the selective environment, CNVs result in decreased fitness compared with the euploid ancestor in rich media. We used transposon mutagenesis to investigate mutational tolerance and genome-wide genetic interactions in CNV strains. We find that CNVs increase mutational target size, confer increased mutational tolerance in amplified essential genes, and result in novel genetic interactions with unlinked genes. We validated a novel genetic interaction between different CNVs and BMH1 that was common to multiple strains. We also analyzed global gene expression and found that transcriptional dosage compensation does not affect most genes amplified by CNVs, although gene-specific transcriptional dosage compensation does occur for ∼12% of amplified genes. Furthermore, we find that CNV strains do not show previously described transcriptional signatures of aneuploidy. Our study reveals the extent to which local and global mutational tolerance is modified by CNVs with implications for genome evolution and CNV-associated diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Avecilla
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Pieter Spealman
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Julia Matthews
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Elodie Caudal
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR, 7156 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Schacherer
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, GMGM UMR, 7156 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - David Gresham
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA;
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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Tan H, Li J, Jia C, Huang H, Li L, Liao B, Long Y, Nie Y, Yu F. The role of 14-3-3 in the progression of vascular inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110220. [PMID: 37104914 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of 14-3-3 protein and the Hippo and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular inflammation. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and C57B6 mice were treated with LPS to establish cell and animal models of vascular inflammation. Lentiviral transfection, Western blot, qPCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, co-immunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure inflammatory factors and expression of 14-3-3 protein and phosphorylation of YAP at S127. HUVECs and C57B6 mice were pretreated with a YAP inhibitor, Verteporfin, to observe changes in YAP expression and downstream vascular inflammation. RESULTS LPS induced acute and chronic inflammatory responses in HUVECs and mice and upregulated the expression of several inflammatory factors. LPS also induced expression of 14-3-3 protein and phosphorylation of YAP at S127 in response to acute vascular inflammation and downregulated these markers in response to chronic vascular inflammation. Verteporfin reduced these LPS-induced effects on vascular inflammation. CONCLUSION In chronic vascular inflammation, 14-3-3 protein is downregulated, which promotes inflammation by increasing Hippo/YAP nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Chunsen Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Haozhong Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Long
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Nie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Fengxu Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China.
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Jiang W, Tong T, Li W, Huang Z, Chen G, Zeng F, Riaz A, Amoanimaa-Dede H, Pan R, Zhang W, Deng F, Chen ZH. Molecular Evolution of Plant 14-3-3 Proteins and Function of Hv14-3-3A in Stomatal Regulation and Drought Tolerance. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1857-1872. [PMID: 35323970 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought significantly affects stomatal regulation, leading to the reduced growth and productivity of plants. Plant 14-3-3 proteins were reported to participate in drought response by regulating the activities of a wide array of target proteins. However, the molecular evolution, expression pattern and physiological functions of 14-3-3s under drought stress remain unclear. In this study, a comparative genomic analysis and the tissue-specific expression of 14-3-3s revealed the highly conserved and early evolution of 14-3-3s in green plants and duplication and expansion of the 14-3-3s family members in angiosperms. Using barley (Hordeum vulgare) for the functional characterization of 14-3-3 proteins, the transcripts of five members out of six Hv14-3-3s were highly induced by drought in the drought-tolerant line, XZ141. Suppression of the expression of Hv14-3-3A through barley stripe mosaic virus-virus induced gene silencing resulted in significantly increased drought sensitivity and stomatal density as well as significantly reduced net CO2 assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) in barley. Moreover, we showed the functional interactions between Hv14-3-3s and key proteins in drought and stomatal responses in plants-such as Open Stomata 1 (HvOST1), Slow Anion Channel 1 (HvSLAC1), three Heat Shock Proteins (HvHSP90-1/2/5) and Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding 3 (HvDREB3). Taken together, we propose that 14-3-3s are highly evolutionarily conserved proteins and that Hv14-3-3s represent a group of the core regulatory components for the rapid stomatal response to drought in barley. This study will provide important evolutionary and molecular evidence for future applications of 14-3-3 proteins in breeding drought-tolerant crops in a changing global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Tao Tong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhenghong Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Adeel Riaz
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Hanna Amoanimaa-Dede
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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7
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Rutter BD, Chu T, Dallery J, Zajt KK, O'Connell RJ, Innes RW. The development of extracellular vesicle markers for the fungal phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12216. [PMID: 35524440 PMCID: PMC9077143 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal phytopathogens secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) associated with enzymes and phytotoxic metabolites. While these vesicles are thought to promote infection, defining the true contents and functions of fungal EVs, as well as suitable protein markers, is an ongoing process. To expand our understanding of fungal EVs and their possible roles during infection, we purified EVs from the hemibiotrophic phytopathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum, the causative agent of anthracnose disease in multiple plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. EVs were purified in large numbers from the supernatant of protoplasts but not the supernatant of intact mycelial cultures. We purified two separate populations of EVs, each associated with over 700 detected proteins, including proteins involved in vesicle transport, cell wall biogenesis and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. We selected two SNARE proteins (Snc1 and Sso2) and one 14-3-3 protein (Bmh1) as potential EV markers and generated transgenic strains expressing fluorescent fusions. Each marker was confirmed to be protected inside EVs. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the localization of each marker during infection on Arabidopsis leaves. These findings further our understanding of EVs in fungal phytopathogens and will help build an experimental system to study EV interkingdom communication between plants and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Rutter
- Department of BiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Thi‐Thu‐Huyen Chu
- Université Paris‐SaclayINRAEUR BIOGERThiverval‐GrignonFrance
- University of Science and Technology of HanoiVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | | | - Kamil K. Zajt
- Department of BiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | | | - Roger W. Innes
- Department of BiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
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Rimal A, Winter E. Meiotic commitment: More than a transcriptional switch. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R320-R322. [PMID: 35413259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Commitment to cellular differentiation programs can be controlled by self-activating transcription factors that trigger the expression of cell-type-specific genes. A new study shows that, although commitment to meiosis in yeast is controlled in this manner, additional signaling interactions promote the committed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimannyu Rimal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 922 Bluemle Life Science Building, 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Edward Winter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 922 Bluemle Life Science Building, 233 South 10(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Bioinformatic prediction and identification of immunogenic epitopes of the antigenic 14-3-3 protein of Echinococcus multilocularis. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105955. [PMID: 33979643 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alveolar echinococcosis is a high-risk parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. The study aimed to predict and identify the dominant Th1/Th2 and B cell epitopes of the antigen protein 14-3-3 beta:alpha from Echinococcus multilocularis. METHODS A comparison of the four amino acid sequences of 14-3-3 beta:alpha was respectively derived from Echinococcus multilocularis, Rattus norvegicus, Canis lupus familiaris, and Homo sapiens was carried out by CLUSTALW to provide a basis for excluding similar epitopes. The amino acid sequence information was analyzed by SOPMA and the homology model was established by Swiss-Model. IEDB and SYFPEITHI were used to predict T cell epitopes. According to the Bcepred and ABCpred, the B cell epitopes were comprehensively predicted and analyzed. The dominant epitopes were validated by Lymphocyte Proliferation, ELISA, ELISpot, and Flow cytometry. RESULTS Eight potential epitopes of 14-3-3 from Echinococcus multilocularis were screened according to the results of prediction and analysis: 14-3-31-15, 14-3-36-21, 14-3-371-86, 14-3-3144-157, 14-3-3145-166, 14-3-3146-160, 14-3-3153-161, and 14-3-3164-177. The 3D structure model of the protein was constructed and the location distribution of potential epitope was ascertained. Respectively, the epitopes of the dominant antigen of B cells were validated as 14-3-3145-166 and 14-3-3164-177; the Th1 dominant antigen epitopes were 14-3-36-21, 14-3-3145-166; and the Th2 dominant epitopes was 14-3-3145-166. CONCLUSION In this study, two dominant antigen epitopes of B cells, two Th1 dominant antigen epitopes, and one Th2 dominant antigen epitope were validated. Our work provides a basis for the subsequent development of efficient and safe vaccines targeting epitopes of Echinococcus multilocularis.
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Chen Y, Liang J, Chen Z, Wang B, Si T. Genome-Scale Screening and Combinatorial Optimization of Gene Overexpression Targets to Improve Cadmium Tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:662512. [PMID: 34335494 PMCID: PMC8318699 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is an environmental issue on a global scale. Particularly, cadmium poses substantial threats to crop and human health. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the model organisms to study cadmium toxicity and was recently engineered as a cadmium hyperaccumulator. Therefore, it is desirable to overcome the cadmium sensitivity of S. cerevisiae via genetic engineering for bioremediation applications. Here we performed genome-scale overexpression screening for gene targets conferring cadmium resistance in CEN.PK2-1c, an industrial S. cerevisiae strain. Seven targets were identified, including CAD1 and CUP1 that are known to improve cadmium tolerance, as well as CRS5, NRG1, PPH21, BMH1, and QCR6 that are less studied. In the wild-type strain, cadmium exposure activated gene transcription of CAD1, CRS5, CUP1, and NRG1 and repressed PPH21, as revealed by real-time quantitative PCR analyses. Furthermore, yeast strains that contained two overexpression mutations out of the seven gene targets were constructed. Synergistic improvement in cadmium tolerance was observed with episomal co-expression of CRS5 and CUP1. In the presence of 200 μM cadmium, the most resistant strain overexpressing both CAD1 and NRG1 exhibited a 3.6-fold improvement in biomass accumulation relative to wild type. This work provided a new approach to discover and optimize genetic engineering targets for increasing cadmium resistance in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhicong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Si
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Shenzhen, China
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Correcting an instance of synthetic lethality with a pro-survival sequence. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118734. [PMID: 32389645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A human cDNA encoding the LIM domain containing 194 amino acid cysteine and glycine rich protein 3 (CSRP3) was identified as a BAX suppressor in yeast and a pro-survival sequence that abrogated copper mediated regulated cell death (RCD). Yeast lacks a CSRP3 orthologue but it has four LIM sequences, namely RGA1, RGA2, LRG1 and PXL1. These are known regulators of stress responses yet their roles in RCD remain unknown. Given that LIMs interact with other LIMs, we ruled out the possibility that overexpressed yeast LIMs alone could prevent RCD and that CSRP3 functions by acting as a dominant regulator of yeast LIMs. Of interest was the discovery that even though yeast cells lacking the LIM encoding PXL1 had no overt growth defect, it was nevertheless supersensitive to the effects of sublethal levels of copper. Heterologous expression of human CSPR3 as well as the pro-survival 14-3-3 sequence corrected this copper supersensitivity. These results show that the pxl1∆-copper synthetic lethality is likely due to the induction of RCD. This differs from the prevailing model in which synthetic lethality occurs because of specific defects generated by the combined loss of two overlapping but non-essential functions.
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The activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Na+, K+/H+ antiporter Nha1 is negatively regulated by 14-3-3 protein binding at serine 481. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Liu J, François JM, Capp JP. Gene Expression Noise Produces Cell-to-Cell Heterogeneity in Eukaryotic Homologous Recombination Rate. Front Genet 2019; 10:475. [PMID: 31164905 PMCID: PMC6536703 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in gene expression among genetically identical individual cells (called gene expression noise) directly contributes to phenotypic diversity. Whether such variation can impact genome stability and lead to variation in genotype remains poorly explored. We addressed this question by investigating whether noise in the expression of genes affecting homologous recombination (HR) activity either directly (RAD52) or indirectly (RAD27) confers cell-to-cell heterogeneity in HR rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using cell sorting to isolate subpopulations with various expression levels, we show that spontaneous HR rate is highly heterogeneous from cell-to-cell in clonal populations depending on the cellular amount of proteins affecting HR activity. Phleomycin-induced HR is even more heterogeneous, showing that RAD27 expression variation strongly affects the rate of recombination from cell-to-cell. Strong variations in HR rate between subpopulations are not correlated to strong changes in cell cycle stage. Moreover, this heterogeneity occurs even when simultaneously sorting cells at equal expression level of another gene involved in DNA damage response (BMH1) that is upregulated by DNA damage, showing that the initiating DNA damage is not responsible for the observed heterogeneity in HR rate. Thus gene expression noise seems mainly responsible for this phenomenon. Finally, HR rate non-linearly scales with Rad27 levels showing that total amount of HR cannot be explained solely by the time- or population-averaged Rad27 expression. Altogether, our data reveal interplay between heterogeneity at the gene expression and genetic levels in the production of phenotypic diversity with evolutionary consequences from microbial to cancer cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, UMR CNRS 5504, UMR INRA 792, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marie François
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, UMR CNRS 5504, UMR INRA 792, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pascal Capp
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, UMR CNRS 5504, UMR INRA 792, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Camacho E, Casadevall A. Cryptococcal Traits Mediating Adherence to Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4030088. [PMID: 30060601 PMCID: PMC6162697 DOI: 10.3390/jof4030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several species in the genus Cryptococcus are facultative intracellular pathogens capable of causing disease associated with high mortality and morbidity in humans. These fungi interact with other organisms in the soil, and these interactions may contribute to the development of adaptation mechanisms that function in virulence by promoting fungal survival in animal hosts. Fungal adhesion molecules, also known as adhesins, have been classically considered as cell-surface or secreted proteins that play critical roles in microbial pathogenesis or in biofilm formation as structural components. Pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. differ from other pathogenic yeasts in having a polysaccharide capsule that covers the cell wall surface and precludes interactions of those structures with host cell receptors. Hence, pathogenic Cryptococcus spp. use unconventional tools for surface attachment. In this essay, we review the unique traits and mechanisms favoring adhesion of Cryptococcus spp. to biotic and abiotic surfaces. Knowledge of the traits that mediate adherence could be exploited in the development of therapeutic, biomedical, and/or industrial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Camacho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St Room E5132, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St Room E5132, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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15
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Mackie TD, Brodsky JL. Investigating Potassium Channels in Budding Yeast: A Genetic Sandbox. Genetics 2018; 209:637-650. [PMID: 29967058 PMCID: PMC6028241 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Like all species, the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or Bakers' yeast, concentrates potassium in the cytosol as an electrogenic osmolyte and enzyme cofactor. Yeast are capable of robust growth on a wide variety of potassium concentrations, ranging from 10 µM to 2.5 M, due to the presence of a high-affinity potassium uptake system and a battery of cation exchange transporters. Genetic perturbation of either of these systems retards yeast growth on low or high potassium, respectively. However, these potassium-sensitized yeast are a powerful genetic tool, which has been leveraged for diverse studies. Notably, the potassium-sensitive cells can be transformed with plasmids encoding potassium channels from bacteria, plants, or mammals, and subsequent changes in growth rate have been found to correlate with the activity of the introduced potassium channel. Discoveries arising from the use of this assay over the past three decades have increased our understanding of the structure-function relationships of various potassium channels, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of potassium channel function and trafficking, and the chemical basis of potassium channel modulation. In this article, we provide an overview of the major genetic tools used to study potassium channels in S. cerevisiae, a survey of seminal studies utilizing these tools, and a prospective for the future use of this elegant genetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Mackie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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16
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The 14-3-3 Protein Homolog ArtA Regulates Development and Secondary Metabolism in the Opportunistic Plant Pathogen Aspergillus flavus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02241-17. [PMID: 29247055 PMCID: PMC5812931 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02241-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic plant-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus produces carcinogenic mycotoxins termed aflatoxins (AF). Aflatoxin contamination of agriculturally important crops, such as maize, peanut, sorghum, and tree nuts, is responsible for serious adverse health and economic impacts worldwide. In order to identify possible genetic targets to reduce AF contamination, we have characterized the artA gene, encoding a putative 14-3-3 homolog in A. flavus The artA deletion mutant presents a slight decrease in vegetative growth and alterations in morphological development and secondary metabolism. Specifically, artA affects conidiation, and this effect is influenced by the type of substrate and culture condition. In addition, normal levels of artA are required for sclerotial development. Importantly, artA negatively regulates AF production as well as the concomitant expression of genes in the AF gene cluster. An increase in AF is also observed in seeds infected with the A. flavus strain lacking artA Furthermore, the expression of other secondary metabolite genes is also artA dependent, including genes in the cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and ustiloxin gene clusters, in this agriculturally important fungus.IMPORTANCE In the current study, artA, which encodes a 14-3-3 homolog, was characterized in the agriculturally and medically important fungus Aspergillus flavus, specifically, its possible role governing sporulation, formation of resistant structures, and secondary metabolism. The highly conserved artA is necessary for normal fungal morphogenesis in an environment-dependent manner, affecting the balance between production of conidiophores and the formation of resistant structures that are necessary for the dissemination and survival of this opportunistic pathogen. This study reports a 14-3-3 protein affecting secondary metabolism in filamentous fungi. Importantly, artA regulates the biosynthesis of the potent carcinogenic compound aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as well as the production of other secondary metabolites.
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17
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Ku NK, Pullarkat ST, Kim YS, Cheng L, O'Malley D. Use of CD42b immunohistochemical stain for the detection of Histoplasma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2018; 32:47-50. [PMID: 29414398 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In pathologic specimen, Histoplasma capsulatum can frequently be identified by morphology and special stains such as GMS and PAS. Incidentally, we noted unusual staining of the platelet associated marker CD42b/GP1b expressed on the surface of fungal organisms. Evaluation of additional cases demonstrated that a majority of histoplasmosis cases (15/18 cases; 83%) showed positive staining with CD42b/GP1b, comparable to GMS stain results. Other platelet associated markers such as Factor VIII and CD61 showed no or rare expression (1/18 cases with Factor VIII). Studies have shown that 14-3-3 proteins bind directly to cytoplasmic domain of CD42b/GP1b. Significant homology is seen between fungal and human 14-3-3 proteins which may represent a molecular basis for our observation. Our study demonstrated that CD42b/GP1b staining by immunohistochemistry can aid in detection of Histoplasma organisms. Further studies with organisms with similar morphologic features such as Blastomyces and Leishmania may demonstrate a diagnostic utility in speciating organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam K Ku
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.
| | - Sheeja T Pullarkat
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Young S Kim
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Dennis O'Malley
- Neogenomics, Aliso Viejo, CA, United States; Department of Hematopathology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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18
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Differential abundance and transcription of 14-3-3 proteins during vegetative growth and sexual reproduction in budding yeast. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2145. [PMID: 29391437 PMCID: PMC5794856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 is a family of relatively low molecular weight, acidic, dimeric proteins, conserved from yeast to metazoans including humans. Apart from their role in diverse cellular processes, these proteins are also known for their role in several clinical implications. Present proteomic and biochemical comparison showed increased abundance and differential phosphorylation of these proteins in meiotic cells. Double deletion of bmh1−/−bmh2−/− leads to complete absence of sporulation with cells arrested at G1/S phase while further incubation of cells in sporulating media leads to cell death. In silico analysis showed the presence of 14-3-3 interacting motifs in bonafide members of kinetochore complex (KC) and spindle pole body (SPB), while present cell biological data pointed towards the possible role of yeast Bmh1/2 in regulating the behaviour of KC and SPB. We further showed the involvement of 14-3-3 in segregation of genetic material and expression of human 14-3-3β/α was able to complement the function of endogenous 14-3-3 protein even in the complex cellular process like meiosis. Our present data also established haplosufficient nature of BMH1/2. We further showed that proteins synthesized during mitotic growth enter meiotic cells without de novo synthesis except for meiotic-specific proteins required for induction and meiotic progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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McGowan JE, Kratch J, Chattopadhyay S, Joe B, Conti HR, Chakravarti R. Bioinformatic analysis reveals new determinants of antigenic 14-3-3 proteins and a novel antifungal strategy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189503. [PMID: 29232712 PMCID: PMC5726717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed 14-3-3 family of proteins is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Their involvement in humoral and cellular immune responses is emerging through studies in drosophila and humans. In humans, a select group of 14-3-3 isoforms are antigenic; however the determinants of their antigenicity are not known. Here, we show that although mammalian 14-3-3 proteins are mostly conserved, subtle differences between their isoforms may give rise to their antigenicity. We observed syntenic relations among all the isoforms of 14-3-3 for mammals, but not with that of birds or amphibians. However, the parasitic 14-3-3 isoforms, which have known antigenic properties, show unique sequence, structure and evolution compared to the human 14-3-3. Moreover we report, for the first time the existence of a bacterial 14-3-3 protein. Contrary to the parasitic isoforms, both bacterial and yeast 14-3-3 exhibited significant homology with mammalian 14-3-3 in protein sequence as well as structure. Furthermore, a human 14-3-3 inhibitor caused significant killing of Candida albicans, which could be due to the inhibition of the structurally similar yeast homologue of 14-3-3, BMH, which is essential for its life cycle. Overall, our bioinformatic analysis combined with the demonstration of a novel antifungal role of a peptide inhibitor of human 14-3-3 indicates that the sequences and structural similarities between the mammalian, bacterial and fungal proteins are likely determinants of the antigenic nature of these proteins. Further, we propose that molecular mimicry triggered by microbial infections with either yeast or bacteria may contribute to the antigenic role of human 14-3-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E. McGowan
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Kratch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Heather R. Conti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine & Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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