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Peng J, Liang D, Zhang Z. Palmitoylation of synaptic proteins: roles in functional regulation and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:108. [PMID: 39127627 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylation is a type of lipid modification that plays an important role in various aspects of neuronal function. Over the past few decades, several studies have shown that the palmitoylation of synaptic proteins is involved in neurotransmission and synaptic functions. Palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), which belong to the DHHC family, are major players in the regulation of palmitoylation. Dysregulated palmitoylation of synaptic proteins and mutated/dysregulated DHHC proteins are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries on the subcellular distribution of DHHC proteins and analyze their expression patterns in different brain cells. In particular, this review discusses how palmitoylation of synaptic proteins regulates synaptic vesicle exocytotic fusion and the localization, clustering, and transport of several postsynaptic receptors, as well as the role of palmitoylation of other proteins in regulating synaptic proteins. Additionally, some of the specific known associations of these factors with neurodegenerative disorders are explored, with a few suggestions for the development of therapeutic strategies. Finally, this review provides possible directions for future research to reveal detailed and specific mechanisms underlying the roles of synaptic protein palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Peng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danchan Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Zhang Q, Du Z, Zhou W, Li W, Yang Q, Yu H, Liu T. ZDHHC1 downregulates LIPG and inhibits colorectal cancer growth via IGF2BP1 Palmitoylation. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00808-1. [PMID: 39069526 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Alteration in lipid metabolism is recognized as a hallmark feature of colorectal cancer (CRC). Protein S-palmitoylation plays a critical role in many different cellular processes including protein-lipid interaction. Zinc Finger DHHC-Type Containing 1 (ZDHHC1, also known as ZNF377) belongs to the palmitoyl-transferase ZDHHC family, and is a potential tumor suppressor. However, our knowledge of the functional roles of ZDHHC1 in CRC is limited. We discovered that ZDHHC1 expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and that low levels of ZDHHC1 were associated with unfavorable prognosis. Functional studies showed that ZDHHC1 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. We also found that lipase G (LIPG) is negatively regulated by ZDHHC1 and plays a key role in CRC cell growth through lipid storage. Additionally, we demonstrated that ZDHHC1 functions as a IGF2BP1-palmitoylating enzyme that induces S-palmitoylation at IGF2BP1-C337, which results in downregulated LIPG expression via m6A modification. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the ZDHHC1/IGF2BP1/LIPG signaling axis is associated with inhibition of CRC cell growth. Our study uncovers the potential role of ZDHHC1 in CRC, including inhibition of CRC growth by reducing the stability of LIPG mRNA in an m6A dependent-manner by palmitoylation of IGF2BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhouyuan Du
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Haixin Yu
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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3
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Ye Q, Zheng L, Liu P, Liu Q, Ji T, Liu J, Gao Y, Liu L, Dong J, Wang T. The S-acylation cycle of transcription factor MtNAC80 influences cold stress responses in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2629-2651. [PMID: 38552172 PMCID: PMC11218828 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
S-acylation is a reversible post-translational modification catalyzed by protein S-acyltransferases (PATs), and acyl protein thioesterases (APTs) mediate de-S-acylation. Although many proteins are S-acylated, how the S-acylation cycle modulates specific biological functions in plants is poorly understood. In this study, we report that the S-acylation cycle of transcription factor MtNAC80 is involved in the Medicago truncatula cold stress response. Under normal conditions, MtNAC80 localized to membranes through MtPAT9-induced S-acylation. In contrast, under cold stress conditions, MtNAC80 translocated to the nucleus through de-S-acylation mediated by thioesterases such as MtAPT1. MtNAC80 functions in the nucleus by directly binding the promoter of the glutathione S-transferase gene MtGSTU1 and promoting its expression, which enables plants to survive under cold stress by removing excess malondialdehyde and H2O2. Our findings reveal an important function of the S-acylation cycle in plants and provide insight into stress response and tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Ye
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tuo Ji
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yajuan Gao
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangli Dong
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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4
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Pantelopulos GA, Abraham CB, Straub JE. Cholesterol and Lipid Rafts in the Biogenesis of Amyloid-β Protein and Alzheimer's Disease. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:455-486. [PMID: 38382114 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-062823-023436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol has been conjectured to be a modulator of the amyloid cascade, the mechanism that produces the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides implicated in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. We propose that cholesterol impacts the genesis of Aβ not through direct interaction with proteins in the bilayer, but indirectly by inducing the liquid-ordered phase and accompanying liquid-liquid phase separations, which partition proteins in the amyloid cascade to different lipid domains and ultimately to different endocytotic pathways. We explore the full process of Aβ genesis in the context of liquid-ordered phases induced by cholesterol, including protein partitioning into lipid domains, mechanisms of endocytosis experienced by lipid domains and secretases, and pH-controlled activation of amyloid precursor protein secretases in specific endocytotic environments. Outstanding questions on the essential role of cholesterol in the amyloid cascade are identified for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conor B Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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Zhang F, Fu Y, Wang J, Lang L, Liang S, Zhang S, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Zhu C, Wu R, Jiang Q, Wang S. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces intestinal fatty acid uptake and chylomicron formation in HFD-fed mice associated with the inhibition of DHHC7-mediated CD36 palmitoylation and the downstream ERK pathway. Food Funct 2024; 15:5000-5011. [PMID: 38618651 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The anti-obesity effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been well elucidated, but whether CLA affects fat deposition by regulating intestinal dietary fat absorption remains largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CLA on intestinal fatty acid uptake and chylomicron formation and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. We found that CLA supplementation reduced the intestinal fat absorption in HFD (high fat diet)-fed mice accompanied by the decreased serum TG level, increased fecal lipids and decreased intestinal expression of ApoB48 and MTTP. Correspondingly, c9, t11-CLA, but not t10, c12-CLA induced the reduction of fatty acid uptake and TG content in PA (palmitic acid)-treated MODE-K cells. In the mechanism of fatty acid uptake, c9, t11-CLA inhibited the binding of CD36 with palmitoyltransferase DHHC7, thus leading to the decreases of CD36 palmitoylation level and localization on the cell membrane of the PA-treated MODE-K cells. In the mechanism of chylomicron formation, c9, t11-CLA inhibited the formation of the CD36/FYN/LYN complex and the activation of the ERK pathway in the PA-treated MODE-K cells. In in vivo verification, CLA supplementation reduced the DHHC7-mediated total and cell membrane CD36 palmitoylation and suppressed the formation of the CD36/FYN/LYN complex and the activation of the ERK pathway in the jejunum of HFD-fed mice. Altogether, these data showed that CLA reduced intestinal fatty acid uptake and chylomicron formation in HFD-fed mice associated with the inhibition of DHHC7-mediated CD36 palmitoylation and the downstream ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Limin Lang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Shuyi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Ruifan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
- Yunfu Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Wens Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd.,Yunfu 527400, P. R. China
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Fan Z, Hao Y, Huo Y, Cao F, Li L, Xu J, Song Y, Yang K. Modulators for palmitoylation of proteins and small molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116408. [PMID: 38621327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
As an essential form of lipid modification for maintaining vital cellular functions, palmitoylation plays an important role in in the regulation of various physiological processes, serving as a promising therapeutic target for diseases like cancer and neurological disorders. Ongoing research has revealed that palmitoylation can be categorized into three distinct types: N-palmitoylation, O-palmitoylation and S-palmitoylation. Herein this paper provides an overview of the regulatory enzymes involved in palmitoylation, including palmitoyltransferases and depalmitoylases, and discusses the currently available broad-spectrum and selective inhibitors for these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeshuai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yuchen Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yidan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Jianmei Xu
- Department of hematopathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yali Song
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Kan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
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Kim SB, Hwang S, Cha JY, Lee HJ. Programmed Death Ligand 1 Regulatory Crosstalk with Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination: Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2939. [PMID: 38474186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a pivotal role in cancer immune evasion and is a critical target for cancer immunotherapy. This review focuses on the regulation of PD-L1 through the dynamic processes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, which are crucial for its stability and function. Here, we explored the intricate mechanisms involving various E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that modulate PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Specific ligases are discussed in detail, highlighting their roles in tagging PD-L1 for degradation. Furthermore, we discuss the actions of DUBs that stabilize PD-L1 by removing ubiquitin chains. The interplay of these enzymes not only dictates PD-L1 levels but also influences cancer progression and patient response to immunotherapies. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting these regulatory pathways and propose novel strategies to enhance the efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1-based therapies. Our review underscores the complexity of PD-L1 regulation and its significant impact on the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Bin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Binoy A, Kothari M, Sahadevan R, Poddar S, Kar P, Sadhukhan S. Protein S-palmitoylation is markedly inhibited by 4″-alkyl ether lipophilic derivatives of EGCG, the major green tea polyphenol: In vitro and in silico studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184264. [PMID: 38104647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a dynamic lipid-based protein post-translational modification facilitated by a family of protein acyltransferases (PATs) commonly known as DHHC-PATs or DHHCs. It is the only lipid modification that is reversible, and this very fact uniquely qualifies it for therapeutic interventions through the development of DHHC inhibitors. Herein, we report that 4″-alkyl ether lipophilic derivatives of EGCG can effectively inhibit protein S-palmitoylation in vitro. With the help of metabolic labeling followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition Click reaction, we demonstrate that 4″-C14 EGCG and 4″-C16 EGCG markedly inhibited S-palmitoylation in various mammalian cells including HEK 293T, HeLa, and MCF-7 using both in gel fluorescence as well as confocal microscopy. Further, these EGCG derivatives were able to attenuate the S-palmitoylation to the basal level in DHHC3-overexpressed cells, suggesting that they are plausibly targeting DHHCs. Confocal microscopy data qualitatively reflected spatial and temporal distribution of S-palmitoylated proteins in different sub-cellular compartments and the inhibitory effects of 4″-C14 EGCG and 4″-C16 EGCG were clearly observed in the native cellular environment. Our findings were further substantiated by in silico analysis which revealed promising binding affinity and interactions of 4″-C14 EGCG and 4″-C16 EGCG with key amino acid residues present in the hydrophobic cleft of the DHHC20 enzyme. We also demonstrated the successful inhibition of S-palmitoylation of GAPDH by 4″-C16 EGCG. Taken together, our in vitro and in silico data strongly suggest that 4″-C14 EGCG and 4″-C16 EGCG can act as potent inhibitors for S-palmitoylation and can be employed as a complementary tool to investigate S-palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Binoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
| | - Manan Kothari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
| | - Revathy Sahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
| | - Sayan Poddar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India; Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India; Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India.
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Deisl C, Moe OW, Hilgemann DW. Constitutive Plasma Membrane Turnover in T-REx293 cells via Ordered Membrane Domain Endocytosis under Mitochondrial Control. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576124. [PMID: 38293164 PMCID: PMC10827192 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Clathrin/dynamin-independent endocytosis of ordered plasma membrane domains (ordered membrane domain endocytosis, OMDE) can become massive in response to cytoplasmic Ca elevations, G protein activation by non-hydrolyzable GTP analogs, and enhanced oxidative metabolism. In patch-clamped murine bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), cytoplasmic succinate and pyruvate, but not β-hydroxybutyrate, induce OMDE of 75% of the plasma membrane within 2 min. The responses require palmitoylation of membrane proteins, being decreased by 70% in BMMs lacking the acyltransferase, DHHC5, by treatment with carnitine to shift long-chain acyl groups from cytoplasmic to mitochondrial acyl-CoAs, by bromopalmitate/albumin complexes to block DHHCs, and by the mitochondria-specific cyclosporin, NIM811, to block permeability transition pores that may release mitochondrial coenzyme A into the cytoplasm. Using T-REx293 cells, OMDE amounts to 40% with succinate, pyruvate, or GTPγS, and it is inhibited by actin cytoskeleton disruption. Pyruvate-induced OMDE is blocked by the hydrophobic antioxidant, edaravone, which prevents permeability transition pore openings. Using fluorescent 3kD dextrans to monitor endocytosis, OMDE appears to be constitutively active in T-REx293 cells but not in BMMs. After 1 h without substrates or bicarbonate, pyruvate and hydroxybutyrate inhibit constitutive OMDE, as expected for a shift of CoA from long-chain acyl-CoAs to other CoA metabolites. In the presence of bicarbonate, pyruvate strongly enhances OMDE, which is then blocked by β-hydroxybutyrate, bromopalmitate/albumin complexes, cyclosporines, or edaravone. After pyruvate responses, T-REx293 cells grow normally with no evidence for apoptosis. Fatty acid-free albumin (15 μM) inhibits basal OMDE in T-REx293 cells, as do cyclosporines, carnitine, and RhoA blockade. Surprisingly, OMDE in the absence of substrates and bicarbonate is not inhibited by siRNA knockdown of the acyltransferases, DHHC5 or DHHC2, which are required for activated OMDE in patch clamp experiments. We verify biochemically that small CoA metabolites decrease long-chain acyl-CoAs. We verify also that palmitoylations of many PM-associated proteins decrease and increase when OMDE is inhibited and stimulated, respectively, by different metabolites. STED microscopy reveals that vesicles formed during constitutive OMDE in T-REX293 cells have 90 to 130 nm diameters. In summary, OMDE is likely a major G-protein-dependent endocytic mechanism that can be constitutively active in some cell types, albeit not BMMs. OMDE depends on different DHHC acyltransferases in different circumstances and can be limited by local supplies of fatty acids, CoA, and long-chain acyl-CoAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Deisl
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Donald W Hilgemann
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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10
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Chaturvedi S, Pandya N, Sadhukhan S, Sonawane A. Identification of selective plant-derived natural carotenoid and flavonoids as the potential inhibitors of DHHC-mediated protein S-palmitoylation: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38319030 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2306502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation mediated by DHHCs is recognized as a distinct and reversible form of lipid modification connected with several health perturbations, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and autoimmune conditions. However, the pharmacological characteristics of current pan-DHHC inhibitors, particularly their toxicity and off-target effects, have hindered their in-depth cellular investigations. The therapeutic properties of the natural compounds, with minimal side effects, allowed us to evaluate them as DHHC-targeting inhibitors. Here, we performed an insilico screening of 115 phytochemicals to assess their interactions with the DHHC20 binding site. Among these compounds, lutein, 5-hydroxyflavone, and 6-hydroxyflavone exhibited higher binding energy (-9.2, -8.5, and -8.5 kcal/mol) in the DHHC20 groove compared to pan-DHHC inhibitor 2-BP (-7.0 kcal/mol). Furthermore, we conducted a 100 ns MD simulation to evaluate the stability of these complexes under physiological conditions. The MDsimulation results indicated that DHHC20 formed a more stable conformation with lutein compared to 5-hydroxyflavone and 6-hyroxyflavone via hydrophobic and H-bond interactions. Conclusively, these results could serve as a promising starting point for exploring the use of these natural molecules as DHHC20 inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nirali Pandya
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, India
- Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Cai J, Song M, Li M, Merchant M, Benz F, McClain C, Klein J. Site-Specific Identification of Protein S-Acylation by IodoTMT0 Labeling and Immobilized Anti-TMT Antibody Resin Enrichment. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:673-683. [PMID: 38157263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM). It is present on diverse proteins and has important roles in regulating protein function. Aminolysis with hydroxylamine is widely used in the global identification of the PTM. However, the identification is indirect. Distinct criteria have been used for identification, and the false discovery rate has not been addressed. Here, we report a site-specific method for S-acylation identification based on tagging of S-acylation sites with iodoTMT0. Efforts to improve the performance of the method and confidence of identification are discussed, highlighting the importance of reducing contaminant peptides and keeping the recovery rate consistent between aliquots with or without hydroxylamine treatment. With very stringent criteria, presumptive S-acylation sites of 269, 684, 695, and 780 were identified from HK2 cells, HK11 cells, mouse brain, and mouse liver samples, respectively. Among them, the newly identified protein S-acylation sites are equivalent to 34% of human and 24% of mouse S-acylation sites reported previously. In addition, false-positive rates for S-acylation identification and S-acylation abundances were estimated. Significant differences in S-acylation abundance were found from different samples (from 0.08% in HK2 cells to 0.76% in mouse brain), and the false-positive rates were significantly higher for samples with a low abundance of S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cai
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Ming Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Michael Merchant
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Frederick Benz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Craig McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Jon Klein
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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12
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Liao D, Huang Y, Liu D, Zhang H, Shi X, Li X, Luo P. The role of s-palmitoylation in neurological diseases: implication for zDHHC family. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1342830. [PMID: 38293675 PMCID: PMC10824933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1342830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational modification, and the palmitoylation reaction in human-derived cells is mediated by the zDHHC family, which is composed of S-acyltransferase enzymes that possess the DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) structural domain. zDHHC proteins form an autoacylation intermediate, which then attaches the fatty acid to cysteine a residue in the target protein. zDHHC proteins sublocalize in different neuronal structures and exert dif-ferential effects on neurons. In humans, many zDHHC proteins are closely related to human neu-rological disor-ders. This review focuses on a variety of neurological disorders, such as AD (Alz-heimer's disease), HD (Huntington's disease), SCZ (schizophrenia), XLID (X-linked intellectual disability), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and glioma. In this paper, we will discuss and summarize the research progress regarding the role of zDHHC proteins in these neu-rological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yutao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haofuzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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13
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Feng R, Cheng D, Chen X, Yang L, Wu H. Identification and validation of palmitoylation metabolism-related signature for liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149325. [PMID: 38056161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein S-palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational modification widely involved in tumor progression. Nevertheless, the function of palmitoylation metabolism in prognosis and tumor microenvironment characteristics in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patients is not fully understood. METHODS mRNA and clinical data of LIHC patients were obtained from the TCGA and ICGC databases. Consensus clustering was used to construct palmitoylation metabolism-related clusters. Univariate Cox and Lasso regression analyses were employed to establish a palmitoylation metabolism-related signature (PMS). ssGSEA was applied to evaluate the immune cell score in each LIHC sample. Functional enrichments were accessed through GO, KEGG and GSVA. Drug sensitivity data were downloaded from the GDSC database. RESULTS Three palmitoylation metabolism-related clusters with different prognostic and immune infiltration characteristics were constructed in LIHC. We identified PMS with distinct survival, clinical, and tumor immune microenvironment characteristics. The high PMS group had a poorer prognosis, higher infiltration of immunosuppressive cells and higher expression of immune checkpoints. ZDHHC20 exerted a tumor-promoting role in LIHC and was significantly associated with immunosuppressive cells and immunosuppressive checkpoints. Additionally, in HepG-2 and SMCC-7721 cells, si-ZDHHC20 boosted apoptosis but decreased proliferation and migration when compared to si-NC. CONCLUSION Our research revealed that PMS may accurately predict the prognosis and immune characteristics of LIHC patients. ZDHHC20 has significant clinical and immune relevance in LIHC and may contribute to the formulation of new targets for LIHC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Dexin Cheng
- Department of Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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14
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Bian J, Xiong W, Yang Z, Li M, Song D, Zhang Y, Liu C. Identification and prognostic biomarkers among ZDHHC4/12/18/24, and APT2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:522. [PMID: 38177255 PMCID: PMC10767092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases are differentially expressed in various cancers and several malignant tumors and show a strong prognostic ability. Notwithstanding, the potential clinical impact of S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases, particularly in the prognosis and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), has not been clarified. Expression levels of S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases in LUAD were investigated using TCGA. GEPIA was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases at different pathological stages. Metascape was used to investigate the biological significance of S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases. The Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to analyze the prognostic value of S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases. CBioportal was used to analyze gene alterations in S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases. UALCAN was used to examine DNA promoter methylation levels of S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases. Finally, we investigated the relationship between S-palmitoylases, S-depalmitoylases, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells using TIMER. Correlations with immune checkpoint-related genes were determined using the R packages reshape2, ggpubr, ggplot2, and corrplot. PCR was also performed to assess the degree of ZDHHC4/12/18/24 and APT2 transcript expression in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues. HPA was utilized to investigate protein levels of S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases in LUAD and normal lung tissue. Our study found that ZDHHC2/3/4/5/6/7/9/12/13/16/18/20/21/23/24, APT1/2, PPT1, LYPLAL1, ABHD4/10/11/12/13 and ABHD17C mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD, whereas ZDHHC1/8/11/11B/14/15/17/19/22, ABHD6/16A and ABHD17A mRNA expression was significantly downregulated. The functions of the differentially expressed S-palmitoylases and S-depalmitoylases were mainly associated with protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase and protein-cysteine S-acyltransferase activities. Patients with high expression of ZDHHC4/12/18/24, APT2, ABHD4, ABHD11 and ABHD12 had a shorter overall survival. Infiltration of six immune cells (B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) was closely associated with the expression of ZDHHC4/12/18/24 and APT2. ZDHHC4/12/18/24 and APT2 positively correlated with the immune checkpoint-related gene CD276. We assessed the mRNA levels of ZDHHC4/12/18/24 and APT2 using qRT-PCR and found increased expression of ZDHHC4/12/18/24 in LUAD compared with healty control lung tissues. ZDHHC4/12/18/24, and APT2 are potential prognostic biomarkers of LUAD. Their expression levels could be related to the tumor microenvironment in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenji Xiong
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Minzhe Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University-The Eastern Division, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
- Echocardiography Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Jin Z, Wang J, Chen Y. Estrogen Regulates Scribble Localization in Endometrial Epithelial Cells Through Acyl Protein Thioesterase (APT)-Mediated S-Palmitoylation in Adenomyosis. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:128-138. [PMID: 37603234 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite its prevalence and the severity of symptoms, little is known about the pathogenesis and etiology of adenomyosis. In our previous study, Scribble localization has been found to be partially translocated to cytoplasm; however, its regulatory mechanism is known. In consideration of the important role of supraphysiologic estrogen production in the endometrium in the development of adenomyosis, we analyzed the effect and mechanism of estrogen on Scribble localization in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, we found Scribble translocation from the basolateral membrane to the cytoplasm was easily to be seen in women and mice with adenomyosis (68% vs 27%, 60% vs 10% separately). After treatment with the S-palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate for 48H, cytoplasmic enrichment of Scribble and the reduced level of palm-Scribble was observed by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and acyl-biotin exchange palmitoylation assay. High estrogen exposure could not only induce partially cytoplasmic translocation of Scribble but also decrease the expression level of palm-Scribble, which can be recovered by estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI182,780. Based on following experiments, we found that estrogen regulated Scribble localization by APT through S-palmitoylation of Scribble protein. At last, IHC was performed to verify the expression of APT1 and APT2 in human clinical tissue specimens and found that they were all increased dramatically. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between APT1 or APT2 and aromatase P450. Therefore, our research may provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Wen SY, Zhi X, Liu HX, Wang X, Chen YY, Wang L. Is the suppression of CD36 a promising way for atherosclerosis therapy? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115965. [PMID: 38043719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying pathology of many cardiovascular diseases and is marked by plaque formation in the artery wall. It has posed a serious threat to the health of people all over the world. CD36 acts as a significant regulator of lipid homeostasis, which is closely associated with the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and may be a new therapeutic target. The abnormal overexpression of CD36 facilitates lipid accumulation, foam cell formation, inflammation, endothelial apoptosis, and thrombosis. Numerous natural products and lipid-lowering agents are found to target the suppression of CD36 or inhibit the upregulation of CD36 to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. Here, the structure, expression regulation and function of CD36 in atherosclerosis and its related pharmacological therapies are reviewed. This review highlights the importance of drugs targeting CD36 suppression in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, in order to develop new therapeutic strategies and potential anti-atherosclerotic drugs both preclinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Xin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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17
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Huang X, Yao J, Liu L, Chen J, Mei L, Huangfu J, Luo D, Wang X, Lin C, Chen X, Yang Y, Ouyang S, Wei F, Wang Z, Zhang S, Xiang T, Neculai D, Sun Q, Kong E, Tate EW, Yang A. S-acylation of p62 promotes p62 droplet recruitment into autophagosomes in mammalian autophagy. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3485-3501.e11. [PMID: 37802024 PMCID: PMC10552648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
p62 is a well-characterized autophagy receptor that recognizes and sequesters specific cargoes into autophagosomes for degradation. p62 promotes the assembly and removal of ubiquitinated proteins by forming p62-liquid droplets. However, it remains unclear how autophagosomes efficiently sequester p62 droplets. Herein, we report that p62 undergoes reversible S-acylation in multiple human-, rat-, and mouse-derived cell lines, catalyzed by zinc-finger Asp-His-His-Cys S-acyltransferase 19 (ZDHHC19) and deacylated by acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1). S-acylation of p62 enhances the affinity of p62 for microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-positive membranes and promotes autophagic membrane localization of p62 droplets, thereby leading to the production of small LC3-positive p62 droplets and efficient autophagic degradation of p62-cargo complexes. Specifically, increasing p62 acylation by upregulating ZDHHC19 or by genetic knockout of APT1 accelerates p62 degradation and p62-mediated autophagic clearance of ubiquitinated proteins. Thus, the protein S-acylation-deacylation cycle regulates p62 droplet recruitment to the autophagic membrane and selective autophagic flux, thereby contributing to the control of selective autophagic clearance of ubiquitinated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jia Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ligang Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jingjing Huangfu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changhai Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Sheng Ouyang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fujing Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhuolin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shaolin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dante Neculai
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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18
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Cai J, Cui J, Wang L. S-palmitoylation regulates innate immune signaling pathways: molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350476. [PMID: 37369620 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational lipid modification that targets cysteine residues of proteins and plays critical roles in regulating the biological processes of substrate proteins. The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against pathogenic invaders and participates in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Emerging studies have uncovered the functions of S-palmitoylation in modulating innate immune responses. In this review, we focus on the reversible palmitoylation of innate immune signaling proteins, with particular emphasis on its roles in the regulation of protein localization, protein stability, and protein-protein interactions. We also highlight the potential and challenge of developing therapies that target S-palmitoylation or de-palmitoylation for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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19
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Li M, Zhang L, Chen CW. Diverse Roles of Protein Palmitoylation in Cancer Progression, Immunity, Stemness, and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2209. [PMID: 37759431 PMCID: PMC10526800 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation, a type of post-translational modification, refers to the reversible process of attachment of a fatty acyl chain-a 16-carbon palmitate acid-to the specific cysteine residues on target proteins. By adding the lipid chain to proteins, it increases the hydrophobicity of proteins and modulates protein stability, interaction with effector proteins, subcellular localization, and membrane trafficking. Palmitoylation is catalyzed by a group of zinc finger DHHC-containing proteins (ZDHHCs), whereas depalmitoylation is catalyzed by a family of acyl-protein thioesterases. Increasing numbers of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors have been identified to be palmitoylated, and palmitoylation is essential for their functions. Understanding how palmitoylation influences the function of individual proteins, the physiological roles of palmitoylation, and how dysregulated palmitoylation leads to pathological consequences are important drivers of current research in this research field. Further, due to the critical roles in modifying functions of oncoproteins and tumor suppressors, targeting palmitoylation has been used as a candidate therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Here, based on recent literatures, we discuss the progress of investigating roles of palmitoylation in regulating cancer progression, immune responses against cancer, and cancer stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Leisi Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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20
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Zhang Q, Sjögren B. Palmitoylation of RGS20 affects Gα o-mediated signaling independent of its GAP activity. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110682. [PMID: 37075876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of protein signaling (RGS20) is a member of the RGS protein superfamily, which serve as key negative regulators of G protein-mediated signal transduction. Through their GTPase accelerating protein (GAP) activity, RGS proteins deactivate α-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. In addition, the majority of RGS proteins also have the ability to act through other, non-GAP related, functions. RGS20 is one of three members of the RZ subfamily, which all show selective GAP activity towards Gαz, however emerging data suggest that RGS20 can also regulate Gi/o-mediated signaling. While increased RGS20 expression is associated with the progression of multiple cancers, a large gap still exists relating to the mechanisms of RGS20 regulation and function. RGS20 contains a poly-cysteine string motif and a conserved cysteine in RGS domain, which are assumed to be palmitoylated. Palmitoylation, an important post-translational modification, plays an important role in cells by changing cellular functions of proteins. Consequently, the aim of this study was to confirm that RGS20 is palmitoylated and determine how palmitoylation affects its inhibition of Gαo-mediated signaling. We found a significant positive correlation between RGS20 palmitoylation and its association with active Gαo. We also showed that a conserved cysteine residue in the RGS domain is a critical site for its palmitoylation, with large impact on its association with Gαo. Palmitoylation on this site did not affect its GAP activity, however, it increased the inhibition of Gαo-mediated cAMP signaling. Altogether these data suggest that palmitoylation is a regulatory mechanism controlling RGS20 function, and that RGS20 can inhibit Gαo signaling through both GAP activity and non-GAP mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Benita Sjögren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America.
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21
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Wang R, Wang Z, Lu H. Separation methods for system-wide profiling of protein terminome. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2100374. [PMID: 35997653 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Protein N- and C-termini have specific biochemical properties and functions. They play vital roles in various biological processes, such as protein stability and localization. In addition, post-translational modifications and proteolytic processing generate different proteoforms at protein termini. In recent years, terminomics has attracted significant attention, and numerous strategies have been developed to achieve high-throughput and global terminomics analysis. This review summarizes the recent protein N-termini and C-termini enrichment methods and their application in different samples. We also look ahead further application of terminomics in profiling protease substrates and discovery of disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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22
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Buszka A, Pytyś A, Colvin D, Włodarczyk J, Wójtowicz T. S-Palmitoylation of Synaptic Proteins in Neuronal Plasticity in Normal and Pathological Brains. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030387. [PMID: 36766729 PMCID: PMC9913408 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lipidation is a common post-translational modification of proteins that plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. One form of protein lipidation, S-palmitoylation, involves the addition of a 16-carbon fatty acid (palmitate) onto proteins. This reversible modification may affect the regulation of protein trafficking and stability in membranes. From multiple recent experimental studies, a picture emerges whereby protein S-palmitoylation is a ubiquitous yet discrete molecular switch enabling the expansion of protein functions and subcellular localization in minutes to hours. Neural tissue is particularly rich in proteins that are regulated by S-palmitoylation. A surge of novel methods of detection of protein lipidation at high resolution allowed us to get better insights into the roles of protein palmitoylation in brain physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we specifically discuss experimental work devoted to understanding the impact of protein palmitoylation on functional changes in the excitatory and inhibitory synapses associated with neuronal activity and neuronal plasticity. The accumulated evidence also implies a crucial role of S-palmitoylation in learning and memory, and brain disorders associated with impaired cognitive functions.
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23
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Traeger J, Hu D, Yang M, Stacey G, Orr G. Super-Resolution Imaging of Plant Receptor-Like Kinases Uncovers Their Colocalization and Coordination with Nanometer Resolution. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 36837645 PMCID: PMC9958960 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell signaling often relies on the cellular organization of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) within membrane nanodomains to enhance signaling specificity and efficiency. Thus, nanometer-scale quantitative analysis of spatial organizations of RLKs could provide new understanding of mechanisms underlying plant responses to environmental stress. Here, we used stochastic optical reconstruction fluorescence microscopy (STORM) to quantify the colocalization of the flagellin-sensitive-2 (FLS2) receptor and the nanodomain marker, remorin, within Arabidopsis thaliana root hair cells. We found that recovery of FLS2 and remorin in the plasma membrane, following ligand-induced internalization by bacterial-flagellin-peptide (flg22), reached ~85% of their original membrane density after ~90 min. The pairs colocalized at the membrane at greater frequencies, compared with simulated randomly distributed pairs, except for directly after recovery, suggesting initial uncoordinated recovery followed by remorin and FLS2 pairing in the membrane. The purinergic receptor, P2K1, colocalized with remorin at similar frequencies as FLS2, while FLS2 and P2K1 colocalization occurred at significantly lower frequencies, suggesting that these RLKs mostly occupy distinct nanodomains. The chitin elicitor receptor, CERK1, colocalized with FLS2 and remorin at much lower frequencies, suggesting little coordination between CERK1 and FLS2. These findings emphasize STORM's capacity to observe distinct nanodomains and degrees of coordination between plant cell receptors, and their respective immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Traeger
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Dehong Hu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Mengran Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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24
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Wang L, Cai J, Zhao X, Ma L, Zeng P, Zhou L, Liu Y, Yang S, Cai Z, Zhang S, Zhou L, Yang J, Liu T, Jin S, Cui J. Palmitoylation prevents sustained inflammation by limiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation through chaperone-mediated autophagy. Mol Cell 2023; 83:281-297.e10. [PMID: 36586411 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a key component of the inflammasome, NLRP3 is a critical intracellular danger sensor emerging as an important clinical target in inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the mechanisms that determine the kinetics of NLRP3 inflammasome stability and activity to ensure effective and controllable inflammatory responses. Here, we show that S-palmitoylation acts as a brake to turn NLRP3 inflammasome off. zDHHC12 is identified as the S-acyltransferase for NLRP3 palmitoylation, which promotes its degradation through the chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway. Zdhhc12 deficiency in mice enhances inflammatory symptoms and lethality following alum-induced peritonitis and LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Notably, several disease-associated mutations in NLRP3 are associated with defective palmitoylation, resulting in overt NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, our findings identify zDHHC12 as a repressor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and uncover a previously unknown regulatory mechanism by which the inflammasome pathway is tightly controlled by the dynamic palmitoylation of NLRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- The Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Cai
- The Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Zhang
- The Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Dennis KMJH, Heather LC. Post-translational palmitoylation of metabolic proteins. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1122895. [PMID: 36909239 PMCID: PMC9998952 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cellular proteins are post-translationally modified by addition of a lipid group to their structure, which dynamically influences the proteome by increasing hydrophobicity of proteins often impacting protein conformation, localization, stability, and binding affinity. These lipid modifications include myristoylation and palmitoylation. Palmitoylation involves a 16-carbon saturated fatty acyl chain being covalently linked to a cysteine thiol through a thioester bond. Palmitoylation is unique within this group of modifications, as the addition of the palmitoyl group is reversible and enzyme driven, rapidly affecting protein targeting, stability and subcellular trafficking. The palmitoylation reaction is catalyzed by a large family of Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHCs) motif-containing palmitoyl acyltransferases, while the reverse reaction is catalyzed by acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs), that remove the acyl chain. Palmitoyl-CoA serves an important dual purpose as it is not only a key metabolite fueling energy metabolism, but is also a substrate for this PTM. In this review, we discuss protein palmitoylation in regulating substrate metabolism, focusing on membrane transport proteins and kinases that participate in substrate uptake into the cell. We then explore the palmitoylation of mitochondrial proteins and the palmitoylation regulatory enzymes, a less explored field for potential lipid metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M J H Dennis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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26
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West SJ, Boehning D, Akimzhanov AM. Regulation of T cell function by protein S-acylation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1040968. [PMID: 36467682 PMCID: PMC9709458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
S-acylation, the reversible lipidation of free cysteine residues with long-chain fatty acids, is a highly dynamic post-translational protein modification that has recently emerged as an important regulator of the T cell function. The reversible nature of S-acylation sets this modification apart from other forms of protein lipidation and allows it to play a unique role in intracellular signal transduction. In recent years, a significant number of T cell proteins, including receptors, enzymes, ion channels, and adaptor proteins, were identified as S-acylated. It has been shown that S-acylation critically contributes to their function by regulating protein localization, stability and protein-protein interactions. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that zDHHC protein acyltransferases, the family of enzymes mediating this modification, also play a prominent role in T cell activation and differentiation. In this review, we aim to highlight the diversity of proteins undergoing S-acylation in T cells, elucidate the mechanisms by which reversible lipidation can impact protein function, and introduce protein acyltransferases as a novel class of regulatory T cell proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah J. West
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science at Houston Graduate School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Askar M. Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- MD Anderson Cancer Center and University of Texas Health Science at Houston Graduate School, Houston, TX, United States
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27
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Deng Y, Chen Q, Qu Y. Protein S-Acyl Transferase GhPAT27 Was Associated with Verticillium wilt Resistance in Cotton. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202758. [PMID: 36297782 PMCID: PMC9611673 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein palmitoylation is an ability of the frame of the cell marker protein is one of the most notable reversible changes after translation. However, studies on protein palmitoylation in cotton have not yet been performed. In our current research, the PAT gene family was systematically identified and bioinformatically analyzed in G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, and 211 PAT genes were authenticated and classified into six subfamilies. Sixty-nine PAT genes were identified in upland cotton, mainly at the ends of its the 26 chromosomes of upland cotton. The majority of these genes are located in the nucleus of the plant. Gene structure analysis revealed that each member encodes a protein that which contains at least one DHHC structural domain. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that GhPATs genes are mainly involved in hormone production, light response and stress response. Gene expression pattern analysis indicated that most GhPATs genes were differentially expressed upon induction by pathogenic bacteria, drought, salt, hot and cold stresses, and some GhPATs could be induced by multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously. GhPATs genes showed different expression patterns in tissue-specific assays and were found to be preferentially expressed in roots, followed by expression in stems and leaves. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments showed that cotton was significantly less resistant to Verticillium dahliae when GhPAT27 was silenced. We conclude that the GhPAT27 gene, which mediates S-palmitoylation acetylation, may be involved in the regulation of upland cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt (VW). Overall, this work has provided a fundamental framework for understanding the latent capabilities of GhPATs and a solid foundation for molecular breeding and plant pathogen resistance in cotton.
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28
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Dai X, Gao Y, Wei W. Post-translational regulations of PD-L1 and PD-1: Mechanisms and opportunities for combined immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:246-252. [PMID: 33831533 PMCID: PMC8490479 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are profoundly changing the methods to treat cancers with long-term clinical benefits. Unlike conventional methods that directly target tumor cells, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade exerts anti-tumor effects largely through reactivating or normalizing cytotoxic T lymphocyte in the tumor microenvironment to combat cancer cells. However, only a small fraction of cancer patients responds well to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and clinical outcomes have reached a bottleneck without substantial advances. Therefore, better understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying how PD-1/PD-L1 expression is regulated will provide new insights to improve the efficacy of current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Here, we provide an update of current progress of PD-L1 and PD-1 post-translational regulations and highlight the mechanism-based combination therapy strategies for a better treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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29
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Development of a novel high-throughput screen for the identification of new inhibitors of protein S-acylation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102469. [PMID: 36087837 PMCID: PMC9558053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that modulates the localization and function of many cellular proteins. S-acylation is mediated by a family of zinc finger DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) domain–containing (zDHHC) proteins encoded by 23 distinct ZDHHC genes in the human genome. These enzymes catalyze S-acylation in a two-step process involving “autoacylation” of the cysteine residue in the catalytic DHHC motif followed by transfer of the acyl chain to a substrate cysteine. S-acylation is essential for many fundamental physiological processes, and there is growing interest in zDHHC enzymes as novel drug targets for a range of disorders. However, there is currently a lack of chemical modulators of S-acylation either for use as tool compounds or for potential development for therapeutic purposes. Here, we developed and implemented a novel FRET-based high-throughput assay for the discovery of compounds that interfere with autoacylation of zDHHC2, an enzyme that is implicated in neuronal S-acylation pathways. Our screen of >350,000 compounds identified two related tetrazole-containing compounds (TTZ-1 and TTZ-2) that inhibited both zDHHC2 autoacylation and substrate S-acylation in cell-free systems. These compounds were also active in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, where they inhibited the S-acylation of two substrates (SNAP25 and PSD95 [postsynaptic density protein 95]) mediated by different zDHHC enzymes, with some apparent isoform selectivity. Furthermore, we confirmed activity of the hit compounds through resynthesis, which provided sufficient quantities of material for further investigations. The assays developed provide novel strategies to screen for zDHHC inhibitors, and the identified compounds add to the chemical toolbox for interrogating cellular activities of zDHHC enzymes in S-acylation.
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30
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Gal J, Bondada V, Mashburn CB, Rodgers DW, Croall DE, Geddes JW. S-acylation regulates the membrane association and activity of Calpain-5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119298. [PMID: 35643222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Calpain-5 (CAPN5) is a member of the calpain family of calcium-activated neutral thiol proteases. CAPN5 is partly membrane associated, despite its lack of a transmembrane domain. Unlike classical calpains, CAPN5 contains a C-terminal C2 domain. C2 domains often have affinity to lipids, mediating membrane association. We recently reported that the C2 domain of CAPN5 was essential for its membrane association and the activation of its autolytic activity. However, despite the removal of the C2 domain by autolysis, the N-terminal fragment of CAPN5 remained membrane associated. S-acylation, also referred to as S-palmitoylation, is a reversible post-translational lipid modification of cysteine residues that promotes membrane association of soluble proteins. In the present study several S-acylated cysteine residues were identified in CAPN5 with the acyl-PEG exchange method. Data reported here demonstrate that CAPN5 is S-acylated on up to three cysteine residues including Cys-4 and Cys-512, and likely Cys-507. The D589N mutation in a potential calcium binding loop within the C2 domain interfered with the S-acylation of CAPN5, likely preventing initial membrane association. Mutating specific cysteine residues of CAPN5 interfered with both its membrane association and the activation of CAPN5 autolysis. Taken together, our results suggest that the S-acylation of CAPN5 is critical for its membrane localization which appears to favor its enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Gal
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Vimala Bondada
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Charles B Mashburn
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David W Rodgers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Dorothy E Croall
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - James W Geddes
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center (SCoBIRC), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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31
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Gao J, Huang G, Chen X, Zhu YX. PROTEIN S-ACYL TRANSFERASE 13/16 modulate disease resistance by S-acylation of the nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat protein R5L1 in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1789-1802. [PMID: 35778928 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) proteins are critical for disease resistance in plants, while we do not know whether S-acylation of these proteins plays a role during bacterial infection. We identified 30 Arabidopsis mutants with mutations in NB-LRR encoding genes from the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Center and characterized their contribution to the plant immune response after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Of the five mutants that were hyper-susceptible to the pathogen, three (R5L1, R5L2 and RPS5) proteins contain the conserved S-acylation site in the N-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain. In wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis plants, R5L1 was transcriptionally activated upon pathogen infection, and R5L1 overexpression lines had enhanced resistance. Independent experiments indicated that R5L1 localized at the plasma membrane (PM) via S-acylation of its N-terminal CC domain, which was mediated by PROTEIN S-ACYL TRANSFERASE 13/16 (PAT13, PAT16). Modification of the S-acylation site reduced its affinity for binding the PM, with a consequent significant reduction in bacterial resistance. PM localization of R5L1 was significantly reduced in pat13 and pat16 mutants, similar to what was found for WT plants treated with 2-bromopalmitate, an S-acylation-blocking agent. Transgenic plants expressing R5L1 in the pat13 pat16 double mutant showed no enhanced disease resistance. Overexpression of R5L1 in WT Arabidopsis resulted in substantial accumulation of reactive oxygen species after inoculation with Pst DC3000; this effect was not observed with a mutant R5L1 carrying a mutated S-acylation site. Our data suggest that PAT13- and PAT16-mediated S-acylation of R5L1 is crucial for its membrane localization to activate the plant defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Gai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Xian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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32
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Li Y, Dai Y, Li J, Li D, Xia Z, Zhang J, Liu P, Chen M, Jiao B, Ren R. Palmitoylation of GNAQ/11 is critical for tumor cell proliferation and survival in GNAQ/11-mutant uveal melanoma. Front Med 2022; 16:784-798. [PMID: 35997986 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
More than 85% of patients with uveal melanoma (UM) carry a GNAQ or GNA11 mutation at a hotspot codon (Q209) that encodes G protein α subunit q/11 polypeptides (Gαq/11). GNAQ/11 relies on palmitoylation for membrane association and signal transduction. Despite the palmitoylation of GNAQ/11 was discovered long before, its implication in UM remains unclear. Here, results of palmitoylation-targeted mutagenesis and chemical interference approaches revealed that the loss of GNAQ/11 palmitoylation substantially affected tumor cell proliferation and survival in UM cells. Palmitoylation inhibition through the mutation of palmitoylation sites suppressed GNAQ/11Q209L-induced malignant transformation in NIH3T3 cells. Importantly, the palmitoylation-deficient oncogenic GNAQ/11 failed to rescue the cell death initiated by the knock down of endogenous GNAQ/11 oncogenes in UM cells, which are much more dependent on Gαq/11 signaling for cell survival and proliferation than other melanoma cells without GNAQ/11 mutations. Furthermore, the palmitoylation inhibitor, 2-bromopalmitate, also specifically disrupted Gαq/11 downstream signaling by interfering with the MAPK pathway and BCL2 survival pathway in GNAQ/11-mutant UM cells and showed a notable synergistic effect when applied in combination with the BCL2 inhibitor, ABT-199, in vitro. The findings validate that GNAQ/11 palmitoylation plays a critical role in UM and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for GNAQ/11-driven UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Baoyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yuting Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Donghe Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhizhou Xia
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ruibao Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
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Chen X, Niu W, Fan X, Yang H, Zhao C, Fan J, Yao X, Fang Z. Oct4A palmitoylation modulates tumorigenicity and stemness in human glioblastoma cells. Neuro Oncol 2022; 25:82-96. [PMID: 35727735 PMCID: PMC9825352 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme and other solid malignancies are heterogeneous, containing subpopulations of tumor cells that exhibit stem characteristics. Oct4, also known as POU5F1, is a key transcription factor in the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. Although it has been detected in advanced gliomas, the biological function of Oct4, and transcriptional machinery maintained by the stemness of Oct4 protein-mediated glioma stem cells (GSC), has not been fully determined. METHODS The expression of Oct4 variants was evaluated in brain cancer cell lines, and in brain tumor tissues, by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. The palmitoylation level of Oct4A was determined by the acyl-biotin exchange method, and the effects of palmitoylation Oct4A on GSCs were investigated by a series of in vitro (neuro-sphere formation assay, double immunofluorescence, pharmacological treatment, luciferase assay, and coimmunoprecipitation) and in vivo (xenograft model) experiments. RESULTS Here, we report that all three variants of Oct4 are expressed in different types of cerebral cancer, while Oct4A is important for maintaining tumorigenicity in GSCs. Palmitoylation mediated by ZDHHC17 was indispensable for preserving Oct4A from lysosome degradation to maintain its protein stability. Oct4A palmitoylation also helped to integrate Sox4 and Oct4A in the SOX2 enhancement subregion to maintain the stem performance of GSCs. We also designed Oct4A palmitoylation competitive inhibitors, inhibiting the self-renewal ability and tumorigenicity of GSCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Oct4A acts on the tumorigenic activity of glioblastoma, and Oct4A palmitoylation is a candidate therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Chen
- Corresponding Authors: Xueran Chen, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China (); Xuebiao Yao, PhD, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No.96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China (); Zhiyou Fang, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China ()
| | - Wanxiang Niu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chenggang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Junqi Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China,Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Corresponding Authors: Xueran Chen, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China (); Xuebiao Yao, PhD, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No.96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China (); Zhiyou Fang, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China ()
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Corresponding Authors: Xueran Chen, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China (); Xuebiao Yao, PhD, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No.96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China (); Zhiyou Fang, PhD, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China ()
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Gao J, Li W, Zhang Z, Gao W, Kong E. Proteome-wide identification of palmitoylated proteins in mouse testis. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2299-2309. [PMID: 35477839 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reversible lipid modification, S-palmitoylation, plays regulatory roles in various physiological processes, e.g., neuronal plasticity and organs development; however, the roles of palmitoylation engaged in testis have yet remained unexplored. Here, we used combined approaches of palm-proteomics, informatics and quantitative PCR to systematically analyze the expression of key enzymes related to protein palmitoylation and identify proteome-wide palmitoylated proteins during the processes of spermatogenesis. Specifically, different timepoints were chosen to collect samples to cover the initiation of meiosis (postnatal, P12), the appearance of the first batch of sperm (P36) and fully fertile status (P60) in mouse. Interestingly, our results showed that only a few enzymes related to protein palmitoylation are highly expressed at later stages (from P36 to P60), rather than in the earlier phase of testis development (P12). To focus on the molecular event of spermatogenesis, we examined the palm-proteomics of testes in P36 and P60 mouse. In total, we identified 4,883 palmitoylated proteins, among which 3,310 proteins match the published palmitoyl-proteome datasets and 1,573 proteins were firstly identified as palmitoylated proteins in this study. Informatics analysis suggested that palmitoylation is involved in events of protein transport, metabolic process, protein folding and cell adhesion, etc. Importantly, further analysis revealed that several networks of palmitoylated proteins are closely associated with sperm morphology and motility. Together, our study laid a solid ground for understanding the roles of protein palmitoylation in spermatogenesis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Wenshan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Eryan Kong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China. .,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China.
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35
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Shi C, Yang X, Liu Y, Li H, Chu H, Li G, Yin H. ZDHHC18 negatively regulates cGAS-mediated innate immunity through palmitoylation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109272. [PMID: 35438208 PMCID: PMC9156970 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded DNA is recognized as a danger signal by cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS), triggering innate immune responses. Palmitoylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) catalyzed by DHHC-palmitoyl transferases, which participate in the regulation of diverse biological processes. However, whether palmitoylation regulates cGAS function has not yet been explored. Here, we found that palmitoylation of cGAS at C474 restricted its enzymatic activity in the presence of double-stranded DNA. cGAS palmitoylation was catalyzed mainly by the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC18 and double-stranded DNA promoted this modification. Mechanistically, palmitoylation of cGAS reduced the interaction between cGAS and double-stranded DNA, further inhibiting cGAS dimerization. Consistently, ZDHHC18 negatively regulated cGAS activation in human and mouse cell lines. In a more biologically relevant model system, Zdhhc18-deficient mice were found to be resistant to infection by DNA viruses, in agreement with the observation that ZDHHC18 negatively regulated cGAS mediated innate immune responses in human and mouse primary cells. In summary, the negative role of ZDHHC18-mediated cGAS palmitoylation may be a novel regulatory mechanism in the fine-tuning of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrui Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xikang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and DesignState Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Hongpeng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and DesignState Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and DesignState Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction DynamicsDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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36
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Abstract
Palmitoylation is a special kind of lipid modification that targets proteins to membranes. This protocol introduces the acyl-biotin exchange (ABE) assay to determine the palmitoylation of protein cysteines in yeast. Palmitoylation is exchanged by biotinylated compounds so that the palmitoyl proteins can be affinity-purified for downstream assay by western blot. This protocol is easy to perform and can be applied to other biological sources with slight modifications. This protocol is limited to the detection of cysteine-based palmitoylation. For complete details on the use and execution of this profile, please refer to Lei et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangli Zhu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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37
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Liang S, Zhang X, Li J. Zinc finger Asp-His-His-Cys palmitoyl -acyltransferase 19 accelerates tumor progression through wnt/β-catenin pathway and is upregulated by miR-940 in osteosarcoma. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7367-7379. [PMID: 35297315 PMCID: PMC9278973 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent malignant primary bone tumor in children and young adults. Zinc finger Asp-His-His-Cys palmitoyl-acyltransferase 19 (ZDHHC19) is a key enzyme in protein palmitoylation and plays crucial roles in tumor progression. However, its expression profile and biological function in OS have been unclear. In the present study, the expression level of ZDHHC19 in OS cell lines was determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The effect of ZDHHC19 in cell growth, invasion and migration was analyzed by CCK8, EDU, transwell, wound healing assay in vitro, and xenograft tumor model in vivo. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the potential mechanism of ZDHHC19 in OS. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay was conducted to determine the direct binding between miR-940 and ZDHHC19. We discovered that ZDHHC19 was overexpressed in OS cells compared with the normal cells. The functional investigation demonstrated that ZDHHC19 silencing could inhibit proliferation, invasion and migration of OS in vitro and suppress tumorigenicity and lung metastasis in a xenograft model in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified that ZDHHC19 was a direct target of miR-940 and forced ZDHHC19 expressions partially rescue the suppression of proliferation, migration and invasion induced by miR-940. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis combined with validation experiments revealed that activating wnt/β-catenin pathway contributed to the pro-oncogenic effect induced by ZDHHC19. Furthermore, rescue experiments further verified that miR-940/ZDHHC19 axis regulated wnt/β-catenin pathway. Overall, these findings indicated that miR-940/ZDHHC19 axis played a significant role in OS progression and might be considered as a novel target for OS treatment.Abbreviations: OS, osteosarcoma; miRNAs, microRNAs; 3'-UTR, 3'- untranslated region; TARGET, Therapeutically Applicable Research To Generate Effective Treatments; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR; IHC, Immunohistochemistry; GSVA, Gene Set Variation Analysis; GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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38
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Hayashi T. Evolutionarily Established Palmitoylation-Dependent Regulatory Mechanisms of the Vertebrate Glutamatergic Synapse and Diseases Caused by Their Disruption. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:796912. [PMID: 34867194 PMCID: PMC8634674 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.796912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain and various modifications have been established in the glutamatergic synapses. Generally, many neuronal receptors and ion channels are regulated by S-palmitoylation, a reversible post-translational protein modification. Genome sequence databases show the evolutionary acquisition and conservation concerning vertebrate-specific palmitoylation of synaptic proteins including glutamate receptors. Moreover, palmitoylation of some glutamate receptor-binding proteins is subsequently acquired only in some mammalian lineages. Recent progress in genome studies has revealed that some palmitoylation-catalyzing enzymes are the causative genes of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, I will summarize the evolutionary development of palmitoylation-dependent regulation of glutamatergic synapses and their dysfunctions which are caused by the disruption of palmitoylation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hayashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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39
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Hu L, Tao Z, Wu X. Insights into auto- S-fatty acylation: targets, druggability, and inhibitors. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1567-1579. [PMID: 34977571 PMCID: PMC8637764 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational S-fatty acylation (or S-palmitoylation) modulates protein localization and functions, and has been implicated in neurological, metabolic, and infectious diseases, and cancers. Auto-S-fatty acylation involves reactive cysteine residues in the proteins which directly react with fatty acyl-CoA through thioester transfer reactions, and is the first step in some palmitoyl acyltransferase (PAT)-mediated catalysis reactions. In addition, many structural proteins, transcription factors and adaptor proteins might possess such "enzyme-like" activities and undergo auto-S-fatty acylation upon fatty acyl-CoA binding. Auto-S-fatty acylated proteins represent a new class of potential drug targets, which often harbor lipid-binding hydrophobic pockets and reactive cysteine residues, providing potential binding sites for covalent and non-covalent modulators. Therefore, targeting auto-S-fatty acylation could be a promising avenue to pharmacologically intervene in important cellular signaling pathways. Here, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the regulation and functions of auto-S-fatty acylation in cell signaling and diseases. We highlight the druggability of auto-S-fatty acylated proteins, including PATs and other proteins, with potential in silico and rationalized drug design approaches. We also highlight structural analysis and examples of currently known small molecules targeting auto-S-fatty acylation, to gain insights into targeting this class of proteins, and to expand the "druggable" proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School 149, 13th St. Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School 149, 13th St. Charlestown MA 02129 USA
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School 149, 13th St. Charlestown MA 02129 USA
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40
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Fan X, Fan J, Yang H, Zhao C, Niu W, Fang Z, Chen X. Heterogeneity of subsets in glioblastoma mediated by Smad3 palmitoylation. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:72. [PMID: 34707087 PMCID: PMC8551152 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly of the primary intracranial tumors and is comprised of subsets that show plasticity and marked heterogeneity, contributing to the lack of success in genomic profiling to guide development of precision medicine for these tumors. In this study, a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 was found to suppress the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway and E2F4 interacted with Smad3 to inhibit expression of mesenchymal markers. However, palmitoylation of Smad3 mediated by palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC19 promoted activation of the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, and its interaction with EP300 promoted expression of mesenchymal markers in the mesenchymal subtype of GBM. Smad3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha may be important molecular targets for treatment of glioma because they appear to coordinate the basic aspects of cancer stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), No. 17, Lu Jiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Junqi Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Haoran Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), No. 17, Lu Jiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Chenggang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Wanxiang Niu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
| | - Xueran Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China. MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science & Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China.
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41
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Xiong W, Sun KY, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Zhou YH, Zou X. Metformin alleviates inflammation through suppressing FASN-dependent palmitoylation of Akt. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:934. [PMID: 34642298 PMCID: PMC8511025 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, traditionally regarded as a hypoglycemic drug, has been studied in other various fields including inflammation. The specific mechanism of metformin’s effect on immune cells remains unclear. Herein, it is verified that LPS-induced macrophages are characterized by enhanced endogenous fatty acid synthesis and the inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) downregulates proinflammatory responses. We further show that metformin could suppress such elevation of FASN as well as proinflammatory activation in macrophages. In vivo, metformin treatment ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis through impairing proinflammatory activation of colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs). The reduction of FASN by metformin hinders Akt palmitoylation, which further disturbs Akt membrane attachment and its phosphorylation. Metformin-mediated suppression of FASN/Akt pathway and its downstream MAPK signaling contributes to its anti-inflammatory role in macrophages. From the perspective of immunometabolism, our work points towards metformin utilization as an effective and potential intervention against macrophages-involved inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kuo-Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yi-Hua Zhou
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Liu X, Li M, Li Y, Chen Z, Zhuge C, Ouyang Y, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Xie Q, Yang C, Lai J. An ABHD17-like hydrolase screening system to identify de-S-acylation enzymes of protein substrates in plant cells. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3235-3249. [PMID: 34338800 PMCID: PMC8505870 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is an important post-translational modification in eukaryotes, regulating the subcellular localization, trafficking, stability, and activity of substrate proteins. The dynamic regulation of this reversible modification is mediated inversely by protein S-acyltransferases and de-S-acylation enzymes, but the de-S-acylation mechanism remains unclear in plant cells. Here, we characterized a group of putative protein de-S-acylation enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana, including 11 members of Alpha/Beta Hydrolase Domain-containing Protein 17-like acyl protein thioesterases (ABAPTs). A robust system was then established for the screening of de-S-acylation enzymes of protein substrates in plant cells, based on the effects of substrate localization and confirmed via the protein S-acylation levels. Using this system, the ABAPTs, which specifically reduced the S-acylation levels and disrupted the plasma membrane localization of five immunity-related proteins, were identified respectively in Arabidopsis. Further results indicated that the de-S-acylation of RPM1-Interacting Protein 4, which was mediated by ABAPT8, resulted in an increase of cell death in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana, supporting the physiological role of the ABAPTs in plants. Collectively, our current work provides a powerful and reliable system to identify the pairs of plant protein substrates and de-S-acylation enzymes for further studies on the dynamic regulation of plant protein S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chun Zhuge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Youwei Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yawen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Bandyopadhyay SS, Halder AK, Zaręba-Kozioł M, Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek A, Dutta A, Chatterjee P, Nasipuri M, Wójtowicz T, Wlodarczyk J, Basu S. RFCM-PALM: In-Silico Prediction of S-Palmitoylation Sites in the Synaptic Proteins for Male/Female Mouse Data. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189901. [PMID: 34576064 PMCID: PMC8467992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible covalent post-translational modification of cysteine thiol side chain by palmitic acid. S-palmitoylation plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes and is engaged in several human diseases. Therefore, identifying specific sites of this modification is crucial for understanding their functional consequences in physiology and pathology. We present a random forest (RF) classifier-based consensus strategy (RFCM-PALM) for predicting the palmitoylated cysteine sites on synaptic proteins from male/female mouse data. To design the prediction model, we have introduced a heuristic strategy for selection of the optimum set of physicochemical features from the AAIndex dataset using (a) K-Best (KB) features, (b) genetic algorithm (GA), and (c) a union (UN) of KB and GA based features. Furthermore, decisions from best-trained models of the KB, GA, and UN-based classifiers are combined by designing a three-star quality consensus strategy to further refine and enhance the scores of the individual models. The experiment is carried out on three categorized synaptic protein datasets of a male mouse, female mouse, and combined (male + female), whereas in each group, weighted data is used as training, and knock-out is used as the hold-out set for performance evaluation and comparison. RFCM-PALM shows ~80% area under curve (AUC) score in all three categories of datasets and achieve 10% average accuracy (male—15%, female—15%, and combined—7%) improvements on the hold-out set compared to the state-of-the-art approaches. To summarize, our method with efficient feature selection and novel consensus strategy shows significant performance gains in the prediction of S-palmitoylation sites in mouse datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyendu Sekhar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.S.B.); (A.K.H.); (A.D.); (M.N.)
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Adamas University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Anup Kumar Halder
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.S.B.); (A.K.H.); (A.D.); (M.N.)
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata 700156, India
| | - Monika Zaręba-Kozioł
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.-K.); (A.B.-K.); (T.W.)
| | - Anna Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.-K.); (A.B.-K.); (T.W.)
| | - Aviinandaan Dutta
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.S.B.); (A.K.H.); (A.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Piyali Chatterjee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Netaji Subhash Engineering College, Kolkata 700152, India;
| | - Mita Nasipuri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.S.B.); (A.K.H.); (A.D.); (M.N.)
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.-K.); (A.B.-K.); (T.W.)
| | - Jakub Wlodarczyk
- The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.-K.); (A.B.-K.); (T.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (S.B.)
| | - Subhadip Basu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.S.B.); (A.K.H.); (A.D.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (S.B.)
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Tang J, Peng W, Feng Y, Le X, Wang K, Xiang Q, Li L, Wang Y, Xu C, Mu J, Xu K, Ji P, Tao Q, Huang A, Deng CX, Lin Y, Xiang T. Cancer cells escape p53's tumor suppression through ablation of ZDHHC1-mediated p53 palmitoylation. Oncogene 2021; 40:5416-5426. [PMID: 34282274 PMCID: PMC8413129 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes contributes heavily to oncogenesis. The mutation of TP53 has been well-studied and recognized as a major factor in the development of tumors. Yet other means of p53 inactivation has not been well-elucidated. We previously identified a hypermethylated gene ZDHHC1 that suppresses tumor growth when the expression was restored, but the specific mechanism was yet to be found. The protein product of ZDHHC1 is an S-palmitoyltransferase and we have identified p53 as a substrate for ZDHHC1-mediated palmitoylation, specifically at the C135, C176, and C275 residues. The novel form of post-translational modification of p53 is required for the nuclear translocation of the tumor suppressor. p53 recruited DNMT3A to ZDHHC1 promoter and is responsible for the hypermethylation of ZDHHC1. The epigenetic feedback loop formed by ZDHHC1 and p53 sheds light on the inactivation of p53 without the presence of genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyan Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixiao Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Le
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhao Mu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Ji
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ailong Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Nůsková H, Serebryakova MV, Ferrer-Caelles A, Sachsenheimer T, Lüchtenborg C, Miller AK, Brügger B, Kordyukova LV, Teleman AA. Stearic acid blunts growth-factor signaling via oleoylation of GNAI proteins. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4590. [PMID: 34321466 PMCID: PMC8319428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent attachment of C16:0 to proteins (palmitoylation) regulates protein function. Proteins are also S-acylated by other fatty acids including C18:0. Whether protein acylation with different fatty acids has different functional outcomes is not well studied. We show here that C18:0 (stearate) and C18:1 (oleate) compete with C16:0 to S-acylate Cys3 of GNAI proteins. C18:0 becomes desaturated so that C18:0 and C18:1 both cause S-oleoylation of GNAI. Exposure of cells to C16:0 or C18:0 shifts GNAI acylation towards palmitoylation or oleoylation, respectively. Oleoylation causes GNAI proteins to shift out of cell membrane detergent-resistant fractions where they potentiate EGFR signaling. Consequently, exposure of cells to C18:0 reduces recruitment of Gab1 to EGFR and reduces AKT activation. This provides a molecular mechanism for the anti-tumor effects of C18:0, uncovers a mechanistic link how metabolites affect cell signaling, and provides evidence that the identity of the fatty acid acylating a protein can have functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nůsková
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina V Serebryakova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Ferrer-Caelles
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Aubry K Miller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Larisa V Kordyukova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sadhukhan T, Bagh MB, Appu AP, Mondal A, Zhang W, Liu A, Mukherjee AB. In a mouse model of INCL reduced S-palmitoylation of cytosolic thioesterase APT1 contributes to microglia proliferation and neuroinflammation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:1051-1069. [PMID: 33739454 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational modification in which a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid (generally palmitate) is attached to specific cysteine residues in polypeptides via thioester linkage. Dynamic S-palmitoylation (palmitoylation-depalmitoylation), like phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, regulates the function of numerous proteins, especially in the brain. While a family of 23 palmitoyl-acyl transferases (PATS), commonly known as ZDHHCs, catalyze S-palmitoylation of proteins, the thioesterases, localized either in the cytoplasm (eg, APT1) or in the lysosome (eg, PPT1) mediate depalmitoylation. Previously, we reported that APT1 requires dynamic S-palmitoylation for shuttling between the cytosol and the plasma membrane. APT1 depalmitoylated H-Ras to regulate its signaling pathway that stimulates cell proliferation. Although we demonstrated that APT1 catalyzed its own depalmitoylation, the ZDHHC(s) that S-palmitoylated APT1 had remained unidentified. We report here that ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC23 catalyze APT1 S-palmitoylation. Intriguingly, lysosomal Ppt1-deficiency in Cln1-/- mouse, a reliable animal model of INCL, markedly reduced ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC23 levels. Remarkably, in the brain of these mice decreased ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC23 levels suppressed membrane-bound APT1, thereby, increasing plasma membrane-localized H-Ras, which activated its signaling pathway stimulating microglia proliferation. Increased inflammatory cytokines produced by microglia together with increased complement C1q level contributed to the transformation of astrocytes to neurotoxic A1 phenotype. Importantly, neuroinflammation was ameliorated by treatment of Cln1-/- mice with a PPT1-mimetic small molecule, N-tert(Butyl)hydroxylamine (NtBuHA). Our results revealed a novel pathway to neuropathology in an INCL mouse model and uncovered a previously unrecognized mechanism of the neuroprotective actions of NtBuHA and its potential as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamal Sadhukhan
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria B Bagh
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhilash P Appu
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Avisek Mondal
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (HNT72), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (HNT72), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anil B Mukherjee
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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47
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Zaręba-Kozioł M, Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek A, Roszkowska M, Bijata K, Figiel I, Halder AK, Kamińska P, Müller FE, Basu S, Zhang W, Ponimaskin E, Włodarczyk J. S-Palmitoylation of Synaptic Proteins as a Novel Mechanism Underlying Sex-Dependent Differences in Neuronal Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126253. [PMID: 34200797 PMCID: PMC8230572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sex differences in the brain are prevalent, the knowledge about mechanisms underlying sex-related effects on normal and pathological brain functioning is rather poor. It is known that female and male brains differ in size and connectivity. Moreover, those differences are related to neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity, and molecular signaling pathways. Among different processes assuring proper synapse functions are posttranslational modifications, and among them, S-palmitoylation (S-PALM) emerges as a crucial mechanism regulating synaptic integrity. Protein S-PALM is governed by a family of palmitoyl acyltransferases, also known as DHHC proteins. Here we focused on the sex-related functional importance of DHHC7 acyltransferase because of its S-PALM action over different synaptic proteins as well as sex steroid receptors. Using the mass spectrometry-based PANIMoni method, we identified sex-dependent differences in the S-PALM of synaptic proteins potentially involved in the regulation of membrane excitability and synaptic transmission as well as in the signaling of proteins involved in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. To determine a mechanistic source for obtained sex-dependent changes in protein S-PALM, we analyzed synaptoneurosomes isolated from DHHC7-/- (DHHC7KO) female and male mice. Our data showed sex-dependent action of DHHC7 acyltransferase. Furthermore, we revealed that different S-PALM proteins control the same biological processes in male and female synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zaręba-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.-K.); (J.W.)
| | - Anna Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Matylda Roszkowska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Krystian Bijata
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Figiel
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Anup Kumar Halder
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (A.K.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Paulina Kamińska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Franziska E. Müller
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Subhadip Basu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (A.K.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1/A9, 48149 Munster, Germany;
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.-K.); (J.W.)
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48
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Abdulrahman DA, Meng X, Veit M. S-Acylation of Proteins of Coronavirus and Influenza Virus: Conservation of Acylation Sites in Animal Viruses and DHHC Acyltransferases in Their Animal Reservoirs. Pathogens 2021; 10:669. [PMID: 34072434 PMCID: PMC8227752 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent pandemics of zoonotic origin were caused by members of coronavirus (CoV) and influenza A (Flu A) viruses. Their glycoproteins (S in CoV, HA in Flu A) and ion channels (E in CoV, M2 in Flu A) are S-acylated. We show that viruses of all genera and from all hosts contain clusters of acylated cysteines in HA, S and E, consistent with the essential function of the modification. In contrast, some Flu viruses lost the acylated cysteine in M2 during evolution, suggesting that it does not affect viral fitness. Members of the DHHC family catalyze palmitoylation. Twenty-three DHHCs exist in humans, but the number varies between vertebrates. SARS-CoV-2 and Flu A proteins are acylated by an overlapping set of DHHCs in human cells. We show that these DHHC genes also exist in other virus hosts. Localization of amino acid substitutions in the 3D structure of DHHCs provided no evidence that their activity or substrate specificity is disturbed. We speculate that newly emerged CoVs or Flu viruses also depend on S-acylation for replication and will use the human DHHCs for that purpose. This feature makes these DHHCs attractive targets for pan-antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Abdulrahman
- Department of Virology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Giza 12618, Egypt;
| | - Xiaorong Meng
- Institute of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Michael Veit
- Institute of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
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S-acylation of P2K1 mediates extracellular ATP-induced immune signaling in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2750. [PMID: 33980819 PMCID: PMC8115640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
S-acylation is a reversible protein post-translational modification mediated by protein S-acyltransferases (PATs). How S-acylation regulates plant innate immunity is our main concern. Here, we show that the plant immune receptor P2K1 (DORN1, LecRK-I.9; extracellular ATP receptor) directly interacts with and phosphorylates Arabidopsis PAT5 and PAT9 to stimulate their S-acyltransferase activity. This leads, in a time-dependent manner, to greater S-acylation of P2K1, which dampens the immune response. pat5 and pat9 mutants have an elevated extracellular ATP-induced immune response, limited bacterial invasion, increased phosphorylation and decreased degradation of P2K1 during immune signaling. Mutation of S-acylated cysteine residues in P2K1 results in a similar phenotype. Our study reveals that S-acylation effects the temporal dynamics of P2K1 receptor activity, through autophosphorylation and protein degradation, suggesting an important role for this modification in regulating the ability of plants in respond to external stimuli.
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50
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Li L, He L, Wu B, Yu C, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhu L. Structural Determinants for Light-Dependent Membrane Binding of a Photoswitchable Polybasic Domain. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:542-551. [PMID: 33689308 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OptoPB is an optogenetic tool engineered by fusion of the phosphoinositide (PI)-binding polybasic domain of Rit1 (Rit-PB) to a photoreactive light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain. OptoPB selectively and reversibly binds the plasma membrane (PM) under blue light excitation, and in the dark, it releases back to the cytoplasm. However, the molecular mechanism of optical regulation and lipid recognition is still unclear. Here using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, liposome pulldown assay, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), we find that OptoPB binds to membrane mimetics containing di- or triphosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, particularly phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), an acidic phospholipid predominantly located in the eukaryotic PM. In the dark, steric hindrance prevented this protein-membrane interaction, while 470 nm blue light illumination activated it. NMR titration and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that both cationic and hydrophobic Rit-PB residues are essential to the membrane interaction, indicating that OptoPB binds the membrane via a specific PI(4,5)P2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Bo Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chuandi Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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