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Rak A, Matyushenko V, Prokopenko P, Kostromitina A, Polyakov D, Sokolov A, Rudenko L, Isakova-Sivak I. A novel immunofluorescent test system for SARS-CoV-2 detection in infected cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304534. [PMID: 38820303 PMCID: PMC11142482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly variable pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes the hazardous COVID-19 infection, has been persistent in the human population since late 2019. A prompt assessment of individual and herd immunity against the infection can be accomplished by using rapid tests to determine antiviral antibody levels. The microneutralization assay (MN) is one of the most widely used diagnostic methods that has been proposed to assess the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of virus-specific humoral immunity in COVID-19 convalescents or vaccine recipients. However, some aspects of the assay, such as sensitivity and time cost, need improvement. Here, we developed an express test, which may be potentially used in clinical practice for the assessment of serum-caused SARS-CoV-2 inhibition in infected cell cultures. It implies the detection and counting of coronaviral fluorescent-forming units (FFU) and includes two sequentially used developing components: biotinylated mouse monoclonal antibodies against the recombinant N protein of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1) and the recombinant EGFP-streptavidin fusion protein. Due to the universal specificity of the antibodies, our analytical tool is suitable for the detection of various strains of SARS-CoV-2 when determining both the infectious titer of viruses and the titer of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies. The developed two-component test system is characterized by high sensitivity, a reduced number of analytic stages and low assay cost, as well as by flexibility, since it may be modified for detection of other pathogens using the appropriate antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Polina Prokopenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Arina Kostromitina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Polyakov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Sokolov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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2
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Lippi G, Henry BM. Clinical pearls and pitfalls of SARS-CoV-2 serology. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 111:24-26. [PMID: 36948978 PMCID: PMC10028397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Brandon M Henry
- Clinical Laboratory, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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3
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Grau Gómez G, Martínez Lacasa X, Costa R, Barreiro B, Leal M, Padilla E, Pérez P, Garreta M, Vidal J, Jaen A, Monzón Camps H. Serological response to COVID-19 pneumonia and increasing severity over 18 months in a prospective cohort of hospitalized patients. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:397-407. [PMID: 36538188 PMCID: PMC9765378 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we present an 18-month serological follow-up of 294 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The aim was to assess the dynamics of serological response and its correlation with clinical worsening, as well as to describe clinical worsening determinants. Results of the study showed an early immunoglobulin M response, which clearly diminished starting at 4 months, but nonetheless, a small group of patients remained positive. As for immunoglobulin G, levels were higher up to 6 months in patients who presented clinical worsening during hospitalization. High titers of the immunoglobulin were maintained in all patients during follow-up, which would indicate that humoral immunity due to infection is long-lasting. Male sex, presence of myalgias and extensive radiological affectation were significantly correlated with clinical worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Grau Gómez
- Internal Medicine Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Martínez Lacasa
- Internal Medicine Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Costa
- Pneumology Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Leal
- Pneumology Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Padilla
- Microbiology Department. Catlab, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pepa Pérez
- Microbiology Department. Catlab, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Garreta
- Microbiology Department. Catlab, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Vidal
- Microbiology Department. Catlab, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Citometry Department. Catlab, Fundacio Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Angeles Jaen
- Unitat de Recerca. Fundació, Docència i Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Monzón Camps
- Internal Medicine Department, Fundació Mútua Terrassa, Plaça del Doctor Robert, 5, 08221, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Egger AE, Sahanic S, Gleiss A, Ratzinger F, Holzer B, Irsara C, Binder N, Winkler C, Binder CJ, Posch W, Loacker L, Hartmann B, Anliker M, Weiss G, Sonnweber T, Tancevski I, Griesmacher A, Löffler-Ragg J, Hoermann G. One-Year Follow-Up of COVID-19 Patients Indicates Substantial Assay-Dependent Differences in the Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0059722. [PMID: 36222681 PMCID: PMC9784763 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00597-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of antibody levels against the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are used to estimate the humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Differences in the design and specification of antibody assays challenge the interpretation of test results, and comparative studies are often limited to single time points per patient. We determined the longitudinal kinetics of antibody levels of 145 unvaccinated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at four visits over 1 year upon convalescence using 8 commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays (from Abbott, DiaSorin, Roche, Siemens, and Technoclone), as well as a virus neutralization test (VNT). A linear regression model was used to investigate whether antibody results obtained in the first 6 months after disease onset could predict the VNT results at 12 months. Spike protein-specific antibody tests showed good correlation to the VNT at individual time points (rS, 0.74 to 0.92). While longitudinal assay comparison with the Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S test showed almost constant antibody concentrations over 12 months, the VNT and all other tests indicated a decline in serum antibody levels (median decrease to 14% to 36% of baseline). The antibody level at 3 months was the best predictor of the VNT results at 12 months after disease onset. The current standardization to a WHO calibrator for normalization to binding antibody units (BAU) is not sufficient for the harmonization of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests. Assay-specific differences in absolute values and trends over time need to be considered when interpreting the course of antibody levels in patients. IMPORTANCE Determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 will play an important role in detecting a sufficient immune response. Although all the manufacturers expressed antibody levels in binding antibody units per milliliter, thus suggesting comparable results, we found discrepant behavior between the eight investigated assays when we followed the antibody levels in a cohort of 145 convalescent patients over 1 year. While one assay yielded constant antibody levels, the others showed decreasing antibody levels to a varying extent. Therefore, the comparability of the assays must be improved regarding the long-term kinetics of antibody levels. This is a prerequisite for establishing reliable antibody level cutoffs for sufficient individual protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Egger
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Gleiss
- Section for Clinical Biometrics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Holzer
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department for Animal Health, Moedling, Austria
| | - Christian Irsara
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Binder
- Technoclone Herstellung von Diagnostika und Arzneimitteln GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lorin Loacker
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Boris Hartmann
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Department for Animal Health, Moedling, Austria
| | - Markus Anliker
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Löffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (ZIMCL), University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- MLL (Munich Leukemia Laboratory), Munich, Germany
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5
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Two-years antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272690. [PMID: 35972930 PMCID: PMC9380924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term antibody response to the novel SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients and their residential neighborhood remains unknown in Indonesia. This information will provide insights into the antibody kinetics over a relatively long period as well as transmission risk factors in the community. We aim to prospectively observe and determine the kinetics of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody for 2 years after infection in relation to disease severity and to determine the risk and protective factors of SARS CoV-2 infections in the community. A cohort of RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients (case) will be prospectively followed for 2 years and will be compared to a control population. The control group comprises SARS-CoV-2 non-infected people who live within a one-kilometer radius from the corresponding case (location matching). This study will recruit at least 165 patients and 495 controls. Demographics, community variables, behavioral characteristics, and relevant clinical data will be collected. Serum samples taken at various time points will be tested for IgM anti-Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and IgG anti-Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 by using Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) method. The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to calculate cumulative seroconversion rates, and their association with disease severity will be estimated by logistic regression. The risk and protective factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection will be determined using conditional (matched) logistic regression and presented as an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.
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6
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Mastroianni F, Guida P, Bellanova G, Valentina De Nicolò E, Righetti G, Formoso M, Celani F. SARS-CoV-2 antibody response after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in healthcare workers: Nine-month of follow-up. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100175. [PMID: 35692461 PMCID: PMC9170276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a worldwide vaccination. Post- vaccine antibody responsewas correlated with age. The reduction of antibodies response was more evidentat 12 than 4 weeks compared to 9 months.
We collected sequential serum samples (0, 4, 12 weeks, 9 months) for the determination of S-RDB IgG levels from 103 vaccinated healthy subjects (age 45 ± 13 years; 60 women), in order to evaluate neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy healthcare workers (HCWs) after the administration of two doses of BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Every subject received two doses of mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), 21 days apart (January-February 2021). Furthermore, antibody titer of 14 subjects who were hospitalized for symptomatic COVID-19 was evaluated. Antibody response was (median, interquartile range) 35 U/mL (10–104) at baseline, 1960 (1241–3221) at 4 weeks, 791 (388–1179) at 12 weeks and 524 (273–931) at 6 months. Antibody response was inversely correlated with age at all timepoints (p < 0.001) while gender and Body Mass Index had no significant effect. At multivariate analysis, post-baseline values were significantly higher than baseline (p < 0.001) with a reduction at 12 weeks and 9 months (p < 0.001). Antibody response of hospitalized subjects who did not receive vaccination, symptomatic for COVID 19 infection, was 103 (25–557) U/mL, significantly higher than baseline (p = 0.007) of study population but lower than all post-baseline determinations (p < 0.001). Younger subjects showed a stronger response and a lower decrease of antibody titers compared to the classes of older subjects. SARS-CoV2 infection was excluded by performing 1017 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR swabs on the study cohort. The second dose of mRNA vaccine resulted in an antibody response effective in preventing infection in a population of healthcare professionals. The antibody level was stable through week 12, showing a reduction in the following six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Mastroianni
- Regional General Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Guida
- Regional General Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Bellanova
- Regional General Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Righetti
- Regional General Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Formoso
- Regional General Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Celani
- Regional General Hospital "F. Miulli", Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
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7
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Varona JF, Muñiz J, Balboa-Barreiro V, Peñalver F, Abarca E, Almirall C, Castellano JM. Persistence and Waning of Natural SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Over 18 Months: Long-Term Durability of IgG Humoral Response in Healthcare Workers. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:2614-2616. [PMID: 35581448 PMCID: PMC9113620 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Varona
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain. .,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Muñiz
- Fundación de Investigación, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidad de La Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanesa Balboa-Barreiro
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC)-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco Peñalver
- Departamento de Seguridad, Salud y Bienestar de HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Abarca
- Servicio de Laboratorio, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose María Castellano
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación de Investigación, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Cardiología, Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIEC), Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Anti-TNFα Treatment Impairs Long-Term Immune Responses to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081186. [PMID: 35893835 PMCID: PMC9330864 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with anti-tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) exhibited lower serologic responses one-month following the second dose of the COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine compared to those not treated with anti-TNFα (non-anti-TNFα) or to healthy controls (HCs). We comprehensively analyzed long-term humoral responses, including anti-spike (S) antibodies, serum inhibition, neutralization, cross-reactivity and circulating B cell six months post BNT162b2, in patients with IBD stratified by therapy compared to HCs. Subjects enrolled in a prospective, controlled, multi-center Israeli study received two BNT162b2 doses. Anti-S levels, functional activity, specific B cells, antigen cross-reactivity, anti-nucleocapsid levels, adverse events and IBD disease score were detected longitudinally. In total, 240 subjects, 151 with IBD (94 not treated with anti-TNFα and 57 treated with anti-TNFα) and 89 HCs participated. Six months after vaccination, patients with IBD treated with anti-TNFα had significantly impaired BNT162b2 responses, specifically, more seronegativity, decreased specific circulating B cells and cross-reactivity compared to patients untreated with anti-TNFα. Importantly, all seronegative subjects were patients with IBD; of those, >90% were treated with anti-TNFα. Finally, IBD activity was unaffected by BNT162b2. Altogether these data support the earlier booster dose administration in these patients.
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Lahdentausta L, Kivimäki A, Oksanen L, Tallgren M, Oksanen S, Sanmark E, Salminen A, Geneid A, Sairanen M, Paju S, Saksela K, Pussinen P, Pietiäinen M. Blood and saliva SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in self-collected dried spot samples. Med Microbiol Immunol 2022; 211:173-183. [PMID: 35697945 PMCID: PMC9191541 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We examined the usefulness of dried spot blood and saliva samples in SARS-CoV-2 antibody analyses. We analyzed 1231 self-collected dried spot blood and saliva samples from healthcare workers. Participants filled in a questionnaire on their COVID-19 exposures, infections, and vaccinations. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were determined from both samples using the GSP/DELFIA method. The level of exposure was the strongest determinant of all blood antibody classes and saliva IgG, increasing as follows: (1) no exposure (healthy, non-vaccinated), (2) exposed, (3) former COVID-19 infection, (4) one vaccination, (5) two vaccinations, and (6) vaccination and former infection. While the blood IgG assay had a 99.5% sensitivity and 75.3% specificity to distinguish participants with two vaccinations from all other types of exposure, the corresponding percentages for saliva IgG were 85.3% and 65.7%. Both blood and saliva IgG-seropositivity proportions followed similar trends to the exposures reported in the questionnaires. Self-collected dry blood and saliva spot samples combined with the GSP/DELFIA technique comprise a valuable tool to investigate an individual's immune response to SARS-CoV-2 exposure or vaccination. Saliva IgG has high potential to monitor vaccination response wane, since the sample is non-invasive and easy to collect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lahdentausta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anne Kivimäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Oksanen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Enni Sanmark
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed Geneid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Susanna Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kalle Saksela
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044, Espoo, Finland
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10
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Eyran T, Vaisman-Mentesh A, Taussig D, Dror Y, Aizik L, Kigel A, Rosenstein S, Bahar Y, Ini D, Tur-Kaspa R, Kournos T, Marcoviciu D, Dicker D, Wine Y. Longitudinal kinetics of RBD+ antibodies in COVID-19 recovered patients over 14 months. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010569. [PMID: 35658051 PMCID: PMC9200310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the longitudinal kinetics of the serological response in COVID-19 recovered patients over a period of 14 months. The antibody kinetics in a cohort of 192 recovered patients, including 66 patients for whom follow-up serum samples were obtained at two to four clinic visits, revealed that RBD-specific antibodies decayed over the 14 months following the onset of symptoms. The decay rate was associated with the robustness of the response in that antibody levels that were initially highly elevated after the onset of symptoms subsequently decayed more rapidly. An exploration of the differences in the longitudinal kinetics between recovered patients and naïve vaccinees who had received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine showed a significantly faster decay in the naïve vaccinees, indicating that serological memory following natural infection is more robust than that following to vaccination. Our data highlighting the differences between serological memory induced by natural infection vs. vaccination contributed to the decision-making process in Israel regarding the necessity for a third vaccination dose. The fundamental idea guiding vaccine science is that an ideal vaccine should induce immunity similar to the immunity produced by natural infection. A vaccine is designed to “train” the immune system in a way that it will mimic the stimulation necessary for immune development, yet not produce active disease. Understanding the persistence of antibodies in patients following recovery from natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 will help to highlight the differences between the breadth of the antibody responses following natural infection and vaccination and may inform us whether the vaccine “training” will effectively stimulate the immune system to provide long-lasting immunity. Using samples collected from recovered COVID-19 patients over an extended period of 14 months, we followed the persistence of antibodies and found an association between the antibody levels in proximity to recovery and the rate of decay. In addition, we found that the decay rate of antibodies in BNT162b2 vaccinees was significantly faster than that in recovered patients, suggesting that there are fundamental differences between the mechanisms of activation of the adaptive arm of the immune response following vaccine and natural infection. While natural infection involves full systemic activation, this activation may be incomplete with an mRNA vaccination, thereby affecting the capacity of the immune system to maintain an antibody reservoir over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuf Eyran
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Vaisman-Mentesh
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Taussig
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Dror
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ligal Aizik
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aya Kigel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Combatting Pandemics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Rosenstein
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Bahar
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dor Ini
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran Tur-Kaspa
- Liver Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Molecular Hepatology Research Laboratory, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tatyana Kournos
- Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dana Marcoviciu
- Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dror Dicker
- Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (DD); (YW)
| | - Yariv Wine
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Combatting Pandemics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (DD); (YW)
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11
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Jiang M, Dong T, Han C, Liu L, Zhang T, Kang Q, Wang P, Zhou F. Regenerable and high-throughput surface plasmon resonance assay for rapid screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in serum samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339830. [PMID: 35525598 PMCID: PMC9006689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Costa JPD, Meireles P, Rodrigues PNS, Barros H. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of workers from the University of Porto, Portugal. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:441-447. [PMID: 35129057 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2035429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated serosurveys in the same population provide more accurate estimates of the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection and more comparable data over time than notified cases. We aimed to estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, identify associated factors, and assess time trends in the ratio of serological/molecular diagnosis in a cohort of university workers. METHODS Participants had a serological rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins M and G, and completed a questionnaire, in May-July 2020 (n = 3628) and November 2020-January 2021 (n = 2661); 1960 participated in both evaluations and provided data to compute the incidence proportion and the incidence rate. Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using generalized linear models with Poisson regression. RESULTS The incidence rate was 1.8/100 person-months (95% CI: 1.5-2.0), and the 6 months' cumulative incidence was 10.7%. The serological/molecular diagnosis ratio was 10:1 in the first evaluation and 3:1 in the second. Considering newly identified seropositive cases at the first (n = 69) and second evaluation (n = 202), 29.0% and 9.4% never reported symptoms, respectively, 14.5% and 33.3% reported contact with a confirmed case and 82.6%, and 46.0% never had a molecular test. Males (aIRR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.85) and 'high-skilled white-collar' workers (aIRR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.53-1.04) had lower risk of infection. CONCLUSION University workers presented a high SARS-CoV-2 incidence while restrictive measures were in place. The time decrease in the proportion of undiagnosed cases reflected the increased access and awareness to testing, but opportunities continued to be missed, even in the presence of COVID-19-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto da Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Meireles
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro N S Rodrigues
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Tang X, Sharma A, Pasic M, Brown P, Colwill K, Gelband H, Birnboim HC, Nagelkerke N, Bogoch II, Bansal A, Newcombe L, Slater J, Rodriguez PS, Huang G, Fu SH, Meh C, Wu DC, Kaul R, Langlois MA, Morawski E, Hollander A, Eliopoulos D, Aloi B, Lam T, Abe KT, Rathod B, Fazel-Zarandi M, Wang J, Iskilova M, Pasculescu A, Caldwell L, Barrios-Rodiles M, Mohammed-Ali Z, Vas N, Santhanam DR, Cho ER, Qu K, Jha S, Jha V, Suraweera W, Malhotra V, Mastali K, Wen R, Sinha S, Reid A, Gingras AC, Chakraborty P, Slutsky AS, Jha P. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity During the First and Second Viral Waves in 2020 and 2021 Among Canadian Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2146798. [PMID: 35171263 PMCID: PMC8851304 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The incidence of infection during SARS-CoV-2 viral waves, the factors associated with infection, and the durability of antibody responses to infection among Canadian adults remain undocumented. OBJECTIVE To assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first 2 viral waves in Canada by measuring seropositivity among adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Action to Beat Coronavirus study conducted 2 rounds of an online survey about COVID-19 experience and analyzed immunoglobulin G levels based on participant-collected dried blood spots (DBS) to assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first and second viral waves in Canada. A sample of 19 994 Canadian adults (aged ≥18 years) was recruited from established members of the Angus Reid Forum, a public polling organization. The study comprised 2 phases (phase 1 from May 1 to September 30, 2020, and phase 2 from December 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021) that generally corresponded to the first (April 1 to July 31, 2020) and second (October 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021) viral waves. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G seropositivity (using a chemiluminescence assay) by major geographic and demographic variables and correlation with COVID-19 symptom reporting. RESULTS Among 19 994 adults who completed the online questionnaire in phase 1, the mean (SD) age was 50.9 (15.4) years, and 10 522 participants (51.9%) were female; 2948 participants (14.5%) had self-identified racial and ethnic minority group status, and 1578 participants (8.2%) were self-identified Indigenous Canadians. Among participants in phase 1, 8967 had DBS testing. In phase 2, 14 621 adults completed online questionnaires, and 7102 of those had DBS testing. Of 19 994 adults who completed the online survey in phase 1, fewer had an educational level of some college or less (4747 individuals [33.1%]) compared with the general population in Canada (45.0%). Survey respondents were otherwise representative of the general population, including in prevalence of known risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among unvaccinated adults increased from 1.9% in phase 1 to 6.5% in phase 2. The seropositivity pattern was demographically and geographically heterogeneous during phase 1 but more homogeneous by phase 2 (with a cumulative incidence ranging from 6.4% to 7.0% in most regions). The exception was the Atlantic region, in which cumulative incidence reached only 3.3% (odds ratio [OR] vs Ontario, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.02). A total of 47 of 188 adults (25.3%) reporting COVID-19 symptoms during phase 2 were seropositive, and the OR of seropositivity for COVID-19 symptoms was 6.15 (95% CI, 2.02-18.69). In phase 2, 94 of 444 seropositive adults (22.2%) reported having no symptoms. Of 134 seropositive adults in phase 1 who were retested in phase 2, 111 individuals (81.8%) remained seropositive. Participants who had a history of diabetes (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.90) had lower odds of having detectable antibodies in phase 2. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The Action to Beat Coronavirus study found that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canada was modest until March 2021, and this incidence was lower than the levels of population immunity required to substantially reduce transmission of the virus. Ongoing vaccination efforts remain central to reducing viral transmission and mortality. Assessment of future infection-induced and vaccine-induced immunity is practicable through the use of serial online surveys and participant-collected DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Tang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abha Sharma
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Pasic
- St Joseph’s Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hellen Gelband
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H. Chaim Birnboim
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nico Nagelkerke
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aiyush Bansal
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Newcombe
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Slater
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter S. Rodriguez
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guowen Huang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sze Hang Fu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Meh
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daphne C. Wu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rupert Kaul
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ed Morawski
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andy Hollander
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Aloi
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Lam
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kento T. Abe
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahya Fazel-Zarandi
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Wang
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariam Iskilova
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Caldwell
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Nandita Vas
- St Joseph’s Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Divya Raman Santhanam
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eo Rin Cho
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Qu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shreya Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vedika Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilson Suraweera
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Varsha Malhotra
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Mastali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Wen
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samir Sinha
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angus Reid
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Tang X, Sharma A, Pasic M, Brown P, Colwill K, Gelband H, Birnboim HC, Nagelkerke N, Bogoch II, Bansal A, Newcombe L, Slater J, Rodriguez PS, Huang G, Fu SH, Meh C, Wu DC, Kaul R, Langlois MA, Morawski E, Hollander A, Eliopoulos D, Aloi B, Lam T, Abe KT, Rathod B, Fazel-Zarandi M, Wang J, Iskilova M, Pasculescu A, Caldwell L, Barrios-Rodiles M, Mohammed-Ali Z, Vas N, Santhanam DR, Cho ER, Qu K, Jha S, Jha V, Suraweera W, Malhotra V, Mastali K, Wen R, Sinha S, Reid A, Gingras AC, Chakraborty P, Slutsky AS, Jha P. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity During the First and Second Viral Waves in 2020 and 2021 Among Canadian Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2022. [PMID: 35171263 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46798.pmid:35171263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The incidence of infection during SARS-CoV-2 viral waves, the factors associated with infection, and the durability of antibody responses to infection among Canadian adults remain undocumented. OBJECTIVE To assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first 2 viral waves in Canada by measuring seropositivity among adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Action to Beat Coronavirus study conducted 2 rounds of an online survey about COVID-19 experience and analyzed immunoglobulin G levels based on participant-collected dried blood spots (DBS) to assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first and second viral waves in Canada. A sample of 19 994 Canadian adults (aged ≥18 years) was recruited from established members of the Angus Reid Forum, a public polling organization. The study comprised 2 phases (phase 1 from May 1 to September 30, 2020, and phase 2 from December 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021) that generally corresponded to the first (April 1 to July 31, 2020) and second (October 1, 2020, to March 1, 2021) viral waves. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G seropositivity (using a chemiluminescence assay) by major geographic and demographic variables and correlation with COVID-19 symptom reporting. RESULTS Among 19 994 adults who completed the online questionnaire in phase 1, the mean (SD) age was 50.9 (15.4) years, and 10 522 participants (51.9%) were female; 2948 participants (14.5%) had self-identified racial and ethnic minority group status, and 1578 participants (8.2%) were self-identified Indigenous Canadians. Among participants in phase 1, 8967 had DBS testing. In phase 2, 14 621 adults completed online questionnaires, and 7102 of those had DBS testing. Of 19 994 adults who completed the online survey in phase 1, fewer had an educational level of some college or less (4747 individuals [33.1%]) compared with the general population in Canada (45.0%). Survey respondents were otherwise representative of the general population, including in prevalence of known risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among unvaccinated adults increased from 1.9% in phase 1 to 6.5% in phase 2. The seropositivity pattern was demographically and geographically heterogeneous during phase 1 but more homogeneous by phase 2 (with a cumulative incidence ranging from 6.4% to 7.0% in most regions). The exception was the Atlantic region, in which cumulative incidence reached only 3.3% (odds ratio [OR] vs Ontario, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.02). A total of 47 of 188 adults (25.3%) reporting COVID-19 symptoms during phase 2 were seropositive, and the OR of seropositivity for COVID-19 symptoms was 6.15 (95% CI, 2.02-18.69). In phase 2, 94 of 444 seropositive adults (22.2%) reported having no symptoms. Of 134 seropositive adults in phase 1 who were retested in phase 2, 111 individuals (81.8%) remained seropositive. Participants who had a history of diabetes (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.90) had lower odds of having detectable antibodies in phase 2. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The Action to Beat Coronavirus study found that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canada was modest until March 2021, and this incidence was lower than the levels of population immunity required to substantially reduce transmission of the virus. Ongoing vaccination efforts remain central to reducing viral transmission and mortality. Assessment of future infection-induced and vaccine-induced immunity is practicable through the use of serial online surveys and participant-collected DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Tang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abha Sharma
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Pasic
- St Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Colwill
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hellen Gelband
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Chaim Birnboim
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nico Nagelkerke
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Aiyush Bansal
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie Newcombe
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Slater
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter S Rodriguez
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guowen Huang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sze Hang Fu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Meh
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daphne C Wu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rupert Kaul
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ed Morawski
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andy Hollander
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Aloi
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Lam
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kento T Abe
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahya Fazel-Zarandi
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenny Wang
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariam Iskilova
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Caldwell
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Nandita Vas
- St Joseph's Health Centre, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Divya Raman Santhanam
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eo Rin Cho
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathleen Qu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shreya Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vedika Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wilson Suraweera
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Varsha Malhotra
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Mastali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Wen
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samir Sinha
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angus Reid
- Angus Reid Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Network Biology Collaborative Center, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and kinetics of vaccine response: potential role for unresolved inflammation following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:385. [PMID: 35013457 PMCID: PMC8749002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration appears to be characterized by high inter-individual variation, even in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects, who could have experienced different post-infection, unresolved conditions. We monitored anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and kinetics along with circulating biomarkers in a cohort of 175 healthcare workers during early immunization with COVID-19 mRNA-LNP BNT162b2 vaccine, to identify the associated factors. Subjects with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were characterized by higher BMI and CRP levels and lower neutrophil count with respect to naïve subjects. Baseline IgG levels resulted associated with CRP independently on BMI and inflammatory diseases. Among 137 subjects undergoing vaccination and monitored after the first and the second dose, three kinetic patterns were identified. The pattern showing a rapid growth was characterized by higher IgG levels at baseline and higher CRP and MCHC levels than negative subjects. Subjects previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 showed higher levels of CRP, suggesting persistence of unresolved inflammation. These levels are the main determinant of IgG levels at baseline and characterized subjects belonging to the best performing, post-vaccine antibody kinetic pattern.
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16
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Moyet J, Helle F, Bourdenet G, Joseph C, Gubler B, Deschasse G, Defouilloy I, Slovenski T, François C, Liabeuf S, Schmit JL, Lanoix JP, Castelain S, Bloch F, Brochot E. Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-Neutralising Antibodies of Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:57-63. [PMID: 35067704 PMCID: PMC8683825 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elderly residents of nursing homes (NHs) and long-term care units (LTCUs) have been shown to have a high risk of mortality and morbidity in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The objective of this study was to examine the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) directed against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in residents of the NH and LTCU units of our University Hospital who were identified with positive serology after the first epidemic outbreak. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants included were sampled every three months for qualitative serological testing, as well as quantitative testing by neutralization tests using retroviral particles containing the S glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination using the Comirnaty (Pfizer BNT162b2) vaccine begun before the last serological follow-up. RESULTS The median NAb titer in June 2020 was 80 [40; 60] versus 40 [40; 160] three months later, showing a statistically significant decline (p < 0.007), but remained stable between the three- and six-month timepoints (p = 0.867). By nine months after vaccination, we observed a significant difference between vaccinated residents known to have positive serology before vaccination (SERO+, Vacc+) and those vaccinated without having previously shown COVID-19 seroconversion (SERO-, Vacc+), the latter group showing similar titers to the SERO+, Vacc- participants (p=0.166). The median antibody titer in SERO+, Vacc+ patients increased 15-fold following vaccination. DISCUSSION Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 appears to be persistent in elderly institutionalized patients, with a good post-vaccination response by residents who had already shown seroconversion but a notably diminished response by those who were seronegative before vaccination. To evaluate immunity in its entirety and elaborate a sound vaccination strategy, the cellular immune response via T cells specific to SARS-CoV-2 merits analysis, as this response is susceptible to being affected by immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moyet
- Pr Frédéric Bloch, Department of Gerontology, University Hospital Amiens-Picardie - Hôpital Nord, Place Victor Pauchet - 80054 Amiens Cedex 1, France, Phone / Fax: +333.22.45.57.20 / +333. 22.45.53.30, E-mail: , ORCID identifier : 0000-0002-6046-7097
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17
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Kannenberg J, Trawinski H, Henschler R, Buhmann R, Hönemann M, Jassoy C. OUP accepted manuscript. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:664-672. [PMID: 35104869 PMCID: PMC8903334 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kannenberg
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henning Trawinski
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Raymund Buhmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Hönemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Please address correspondence to: Christian Jassoy, M. D., Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig. Fax: +49 341 9714309; phone: +49 341 9714314; E-mail:
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18
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Kotsiou OS, Papagiannis D, Fradelos EC, Siachpazidou DI, Perlepe G, Miziou A, Kyritsis A, Vavougios GD, Kalantzis G, Gourgoulianis KI. Defining Antibody Seroprevalence and Duration of Humoral Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and/or Vaccination in a Greek Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:407. [PMID: 35010667 PMCID: PMC8744770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, we aimed to evaluate antibody-response longevity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination in one of the Greek communities that was worst hit by the pandemic, Deskati, five months after a previous serosurveillance and nine months after the pandemic wave initiation (October 2020). METHODS The SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant method (Architect, Abbott, IL, USA) was used for antibody testing. RESULTS A total of 69 subjects, who previously tested positive or negative for COVID-19 antibodies, participated in the study. We found that 48% of participants turned positive due to vaccination. 27% of participants were both previously infected and vaccinated. However, all previously infected participants retained antibodies to the virus, irrespective of their vaccination status. The antibody titers were significantly higher in previously infected participants that had been vaccinated than those who were unvaccinated and in those that had been previously hospitalized for COVID-19 than those with mild disease. CONCLUSIONS Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection were maintained nine months after the pandemic. Vaccination alone had generated an immune response in almost half of the population. Higher antibody titers were found in the case of vaccination in previously infected subjects and especially in those with severe disease leading to hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Public Health & Vaccines Lab, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Evangelos C. Fradelos
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Gaiopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Dimitra I. Siachpazidou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Garifallia Perlepe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Angeliki Miziou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Athanasios Kyritsis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - George D. Vavougios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Georgios Kalantzis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (D.I.S.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (A.K.); (G.D.V.); (G.K.); (K.I.G.)
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Chimeddorj B, Mandakh U, Le LV, Bayartsogt B, Deleg Z, Enebish O, Altanbayar O, Magvan B, Gantumur A, Byambaa O, Enebish G, Saindoo BE, Davaadorj M, Amgalanbaatar A, Enkhtugs K, Munkhbayar U, Bayanjargal B, Badamsambuu T, Dashtseren M, Narmandakh Z, Togoo K, Boldbaatar EA, Bat-Erdene A, Mukhtar Y, Shagdarsuren OE, Ganbat M, Batjargal O, Bavuusuren B, Batchuluun B, Zulmunkh G, Byambatsogt G, Nyamdavaa K, Dalkh T, Boldbaatar D, Tseren T, Gantulga D, Damdinbazar O, Vanchin B, Subissi L, Bergeri I, Dambadarjaa D, Pagbajabyn N, Greif G, Erkhembayar R. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Mongolia: Results from a national population survey. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2021; 17:100317. [PMID: 34841381 PMCID: PMC8609908 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background With the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in early 2020, Mongolia implemented rapid emergency measures and did not report local transmission until November 2020. We conducted a national seroprevalence survey to monitor the burden of SARS-CoV-2 in Mongolia in the months surrounding the first local transmission. Methods During October-December 2020, participants were randomly selected using age stratification and invited for interviews and blood samples at local primary health centres. We screened for total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, followed by two-step quantitative SARS-CoV-2 IgG serology tests for positive samples. Weighted and test-adjusted seroprevalences were estimated. We used chi-square, Fisher's exact and other tests to identify variables associated with seropositivity. Findings A total of 5000 subjects were enrolled. We detected SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in 72 samples. Crude seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 1·44% (95%CI,1·21-1·67). Population weighted and test-adjusted seroprevalences were 1·36% (95%CI,1·11-1·63) and 1·45% (95%CI,1·11-1·63), respectively. Age, sex, geographical, and occupational factors were not associated with seropositivity (p>0·05). Symptoms and signs within past 3 months and seropositivity were not associated at the time of the survey (p>0·05). Interpretation SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Mongolia was low in the first year of the pandemic potentially due to strong public health measures, including border restrictions, educational facilities closure, earlier adoption of mask-wearing and others. Our findings suggest large-scale community transmission could not have occurred up to November 2020 in Mongolia. Additional serosurveys are needed to monitor the local pandemic dynamic and estimate how far from herd immunity Mongolia will be following-up with vaccination programme in 2021 and 2022. Funding World Health Organisation, WHO UNITY Studies initiative, with funding by the COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund and the German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) COVID-19 Research and development. Translation Cyrillic and Traditional Mongolian translation of abstract is available on appendix section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battogtokh Chimeddorj
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.,Mongolia Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Undram Mandakh
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Linh-Vi Le
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Batzorig Bayartsogt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Zolzaya Deleg
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Oyunsuren Enebish
- Department of Planning and Research, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Oyunbaatar Altanbayar
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Battur Magvan
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Anuujin Gantumur
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Otgonjargal Byambaa
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gerelmaa Enebish
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bat-Erdene Saindoo
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Mandakhnaran Davaadorj
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Avarzed Amgalanbaatar
- Department of International Cyber Education, Graduate School, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Khangai Enkhtugs
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Usukhbayar Munkhbayar
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batkhuu Bayanjargal
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tuyajargal Badamsambuu
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Myagmartseren Dashtseren
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Zolmunkh Narmandakh
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Khongorzul Togoo
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Enkh-Amar Boldbaatar
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ariunzaya Bat-Erdene
- Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yerkyebulan Mukhtar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Oyu-Erdene Shagdarsuren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Mandukhai Ganbat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ochbadrakh Batjargal
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Prevention Control, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bayasgalantai Bavuusuren
- Mongolia Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batzaya Batchuluun
- Mongolia Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gereltsetseg Zulmunkh
- Mongolia Japan Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ganbaatar Byambatsogt
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Tserendagva Dalkh
- Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | | | | | - Byambasuren Vanchin
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregory Greif
- Department of International Cyber Education, Graduate School, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.,Department of International Cyber Education, Graduate School, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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12-month SARS-CoV-2 antibody persistency in a Tyrolean COVID-19 cohort. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2021; 133:1265-1271. [PMID: 34812944 PMCID: PMC8609251 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Short-term antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown previously. The further development remains to be determined. Methods We prospectively followed 29 coronavirus disease 2019 cases, mean age 44 ± 13.2 years. Except for one participant in whom rheumatoid arthritis existed, all other cases were previously healthy. We determined anti-viral binding antibodies at 2–10 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after disease onset as well as neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against wild type at 6 and 12 months and the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants at month 12. Three binding antibody assays were used, targeting the nucleocapsid protein (NCP), the S1 subunit of the spike protein, and the receptor binding domain (RBD). Results Antibodies to the RBD persisted for 12 months in all cases with increasing concentrations, whereas antibodies to S1 dropped below cut-off point in 7 participants and NCP antibodies were above cut-off point in only 5 subjects at month 12. The NAb against wild type were detected in all but 2 samples at 12 months of follow-up but clearly less frequently when targeting the variants. In 5 participants who were vaccinated against COVID-19 there was a strong increase of antibodies against S1 and RBD as well as an increase of NAb titres against wild type and the variants. Conclusion There was a persisting antibody response against SARS-CoV‑2 up to 12 months after COVID-19 with declining concentrations except for RBD and a strong increase of all antibody concentrations after vaccination. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00508-021-01985-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies for 13 Months after Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112313. [PMID: 34835119 PMCID: PMC8622371 DOI: 10.3390/v13112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamics of antibody responses were investigated after a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a private company during the first wave of the pandemic. METHODS Workers of a sewing company (Lithuania) with known SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result during the outbreak (April 2020) were invited to participate in the study. Virus-specific IgG and IgM were monitored 2, 6 and 13 months after the outbreak via rapid IgG/IgM serological test and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific IgG ELISA. RESULTS Six months after the outbreak, 95% (CI 86-99%) of 59 previously infected individuals had virus-specific antibodies irrespective of the severity of infection. One-third of seropositive individuals had virus-specific IgM along with IgG indicating that IgM may persist for 6 months. Serological testing 13 months after the outbreak included 47 recovered individuals that remained non-vaccinated despite a wide accessibility of COVID-19 vaccines. The seropositivity rate was 83% (CI 69-91%) excluding one case of confirmed asymptomatic reinfection in this group. Between months 6 and 13, IgG levels either declined or remained stable in 31 individual and increased in 7 individuals possibly indicating an exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies persist up to 13 months after infection for the majority of the cases.
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Risk Factors for Being Seronegative following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Large Cohort of Health Care Workers in Denmark. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0090421. [PMID: 34668738 PMCID: PMC8528102 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00904-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most individuals seroconvert after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but being seronegative is observed in 1 to 9%. We aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with being seronegative following PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a prospective cohort study, we screened health care workers (HCW) in the Capital Region of Denmark for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We performed three rounds of screening from April to October 2020 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method targeting SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies. Data on all participants’ PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were captured from national registries. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to investigate the probability of being seronegative and the related risk factors, respectively. Of 36,583 HCW, 866 (2.4%) had a positive PCR before or during the study period. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 866 HCW was 42 (31 to 53) years, and 666 (77%) were female. After a median of 132 (range, 35 to 180) days, 21 (2.4%) of 866 were seronegative. In a multivariable model, independent risk factors for being seronegative were self-reported asymptomatic or mild infection hazard ratio (HR) of 6.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6 to 17; P < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) of ≥30, HR 3.1 (95% CI, 1.1 to 8.8; P = 0.039). Only a few (2.4%) HCW were not seropositive. Asymptomatic or mild infection as well as a BMI above 30 were associated with being seronegative. Since the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of reinfection, efforts to protect HCW with risk factors for being seronegative may be needed in future COVID-19 surges. IMPORTANCE Most individuals seroconvert after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but negative serology is observed in 1 to 9%. We found that asymptomatic or mild infection as well as a BMI above 30 were associated with being seronegative. Since the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of reinfection, efforts to protect HCW with risk factors for being seronegative may be needed in future COVID-19 surges.
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Detection of IFNγ-Secreting CD4 + and CD8 + Memory T Cells in COVID-19 Convalescents after Stimulation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Live SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081490. [PMID: 34452355 PMCID: PMC8402842 DOI: 10.3390/v13081490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: New coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has been circulating among humans since November 2019. Multiple studies have assessed the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of virus-specific immunity in COVID-19 convalescents, however, some aspects of the development of memory T-cell responses after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection remain uncovered. Methods: In most of published studies T-cell immunity to the new coronavirus is assessed using peptides corresponding to SARS-CoV-1 or SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes, or with peptide pools covering various parts of the viral proteins. Here, we determined the level of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cell responses in COVID-19 convalescents by stimulating PBMCs collected 1 to 6 months after recovery with sucrose gradient-purified live SARS-CoV-2. IFNγ production by the central and effector memory helper and cytotoxic T cells was assessed by intracellular cytokine staining assay and flow cytometry. Results: Stimulation of PBMCs with live SARS-CoV-2 revealed IFNγ-producing T-helper effector memory cells with CD4+CD45RA−CCR7− phenotype, which persisted in circulation for up to 6 month after COVID-19. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2-specific IFNγ-secreting cytotoxic effector memory T cells were found at significant levels only shortly after the disease, but rapidly decreased over time. Conclusion: The stimulation of immune cells with live SARS-CoV-2 revealed a rapid decline in the pool of effector memory CD8+, but not CD4+, T cells after recovery from COVID-19. These data provide additional information on the development and persistence of cellular immune responses after natural infection, and can inform further development of T cell-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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