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Zou R, Zhang M, Lv W, Ren J, Fan X. Role of epicardial adipose tissue in cardiac remodeling. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024:111878. [PMID: 39366641 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue, or epicardial fat, is a type of visceral fat located between the heart and the pericardium. Due to its anatomical proximity to the heart, EAT plays a significant role in both cardiac physiology and pathologies, including cardiac remodeling and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, our understanding of how EAT pathology is influenced by risk factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and how altered EAT can drive cardiac remodeling and CVD, remains limited. Herein, we aimed to summarize and discuss the latest findings on EAT and its role in cardiac remodeling, highlighting the outcomes of clinical and observational studies, provide mechanistic insights, and finally introduce emerging therapeutic agents and nutritional guidelines aimed at preventing these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Emergency Research, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Emergency Research, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Emergency Research, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
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Boriani G, Bonini N, Imberti JF, Vitolo M, Gerra L, Mantovani M, Serafini K, Birtolo C, Tartaglia E, Mei DA. Clinical decisions for appropriate management of patients with atrial fibrillation. Panminerva Med 2024; 66:266-280. [PMID: 38656767 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.24.05114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) requires intricate clinical decision-making to optimize outcomes. In everyday clinical practice, physicians undergo difficult choices to better manage patients with AF. They need to balance thromboembolic and bleeding risk to focus on patients' symptoms and to manage a variety of multiple comorbidities. In this review, we aimed to explore the multifaceted dimensions of clinical decision-making in AF patients, encompassing the definition and diagnosis of clinical AF, stroke risk stratification, oral anticoagulant therapy selection, consideration of bleeding risk, and the ongoing debate between rhythm and rate control strategies. We will also focus on possible grey zones for the management of AF patients. In navigating this intricate landscape, clinicians must reconcile the dynamic interplay of patient-specific factors, evolving guidelines, and emerging therapies. The review underscores the need for personalized, evidence-based clinical decision-making to tailor interventions for optimal outcomes according to specific AF patient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy -
| | - Niccolò Bonini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jacopo F Imberti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vitolo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Gerra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marta Mantovani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Kevin Serafini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Birtolo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Tartaglia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide A Mei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Polyclinic of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Zeitler EP, Johnson AE, Cooper LB, Steinberg BA, Houston BA. Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: New Assessment of an Old Problem. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024; 12:1528-1539. [PMID: 39152985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF)-specifically, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)-often coexist, and each contributes to the propagation of the other. This relationship extends from the mechanistic and physiological to clinical syndromes, quality of life, and long-term cardiovascular outcomes. The risk factors for AF and HF overlap and create a critical opportunity to prevent adverse outcomes among patients at greatest risk for either condition. Increasing recognition of the linkages between AF and HF have led to widespread interest in designing diagnostic, predictive, and interventional strategies targeting all aspects of disease, from identifying genetic predisposition to addressing social determinants of health. Advances across this spectrum culminated in updated multisociety guidelines for management of AF, which includes specific consideration of comorbid AF and HF. This review expands on these guidelines by further highlighting relevant clinical trial findings and providing additional context for the evolving recommendations for management in this important and growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Zeitler
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dartmouth Health and The Dartmouth Institute, Lebanon New Hampshire, USA.
| | - Amber E Johnson
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren B Cooper
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin A Steinberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brian A Houston
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Mei DA, Imberti JF, Vitolo M, Bonini N, Serafini K, Mantovani M, Tartaglia E, Birtolo C, Zuin M, Bertini M, Boriani G. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact on outcomes of device algorithms for minimizing right ventricular pacing. Europace 2024; 26:euae212. [PMID: 39120658 PMCID: PMC11346371 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Physiological activation of the heart using algorithms to minimize right ventricular pacing (RVPm) may be an effective strategy to reduce adverse events in patients requiring anti-bradycardia therapies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate current evidence on clinical outcomes for patients treated with RVPm algorithms compared to dual-chamber pacing (DDD). METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed database. The predefined endpoints were the occurrence of persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation (PerAF), cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization, all-cause death, and adverse symptoms. We also aimed to explore the differential effects of algorithms in studies enrolling a high percentage of atrioventricular block (AVB) patients. Eight studies (7229 patients) were included in the analysis. Compared to DDD pacing, patients using RVPm algorithms showed a lower risk of PerAF [odds ratio (OR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-0.97] and CV hospitalization (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.97). No significant difference was found for all-cause death (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.78-1.30) or adverse symptoms (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.29). No significant interaction was found between the use of the RVPm strategy and studies enrolling a high percentage of AVB patients. The pooled mean RVP percentage for RVPm algorithms was 7.96% (95% CI 3.13-20.25), as compared with 45.11% (95% CI 26.64-76.38) of DDD pacing. CONCLUSION Algorithms for RVPm may be effective in reducing the risk of PerAF and CV hospitalization in patients requiring anti-bradycardia therapies, without an increased risk of adverse symptoms. These results are also consistent for studies enrolling a high percentage of AVB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Antonio Mei
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jacopo Francesco Imberti
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vitolo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bonini
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Kevin Serafini
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy
| | - Marta Mantovani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy
| | - Enrico Tartaglia
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy
| | - Chiara Birtolo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy
| | - Marco Zuin
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine Sant’Anna University Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertini
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine Sant’Anna University Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena 41121, Italy
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Boriani G, Tartaglia E, Imberti JF. A call to action: The need to apply guidelines recommendations with ABC or SOS to improve stroke prevention and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 122:42-44. [PMID: 38310009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Department of Biomedical, Cardiology Division, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - Enrico Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Cardiology Division, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Jacopo F Imberti
- Department of Biomedical, Cardiology Division, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Italy University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Steffel J. Confused at a higher level, once more? Implications of asymptomatic vs. symptomatic, and clinical vs. subclinial atrial fibrillation. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 119:42-44. [PMID: 37940496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Steffel
- Hirslanden Heart Clinic Zurich; Zurich, Switzerland and University of Zurich, Witellikerstrasse 40, Zurich 8008, Switzerland.
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