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Applicability of alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria) extract for the histological staining of liver tissue. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sun Q, Gong T, Liu M, Ren S, Yang H, Zeng S, Zhao H, Chen L, Ming T, Meng X, Xu H. Shikonin, a naphthalene ingredient: Therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153805. [PMID: 34749177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shikonin is one of the major phytochemical components of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell), which is a type of medicinal herb broadly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. It is well established that shikonin possesses remarkable therapeutic actions on various diseases, with the underlying mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and toxicological effects elusive. Also, the clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin remain to be comprehensively delineated. PURPOSE The present review aimed to systematically summarize the updated knowledge regarding the therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicological effects, clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin. METHODS The information contained in this review article were retrieved from some authoritative databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and so on, till August 2021. RESULTS Shikonin exerts multiple therapeutic efficacies, such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, anti-microbiomes, analgesia, anti-obesity, brain protection, and so on, mainly by regulating the NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/MAPKs, Akt/mTOR, TGF-β, GSK3β, TLR4/Akt signaling pathways, NLRP3 inflammasome, reactive oxygen stress, Bax/Bcl-2, etc. In terms of pharmacokinetics, shikonin has an unfavorable oral bioavailability, 64.6% of the binding rate of plasma protein, and enhances some metabolic enzymes, particularly including cytochrome P450. In regard to the toxicological effects, shikonin may potentially cause nephrotoxicity and skin allergy. The above pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of shikonin have been validated by few clinical trials. In addition, pharmaceutical innovation of shikonin with novel drug delivery system such as nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, nanogel, cyclodextrin complexes, micelles and polymers are beneficial to the development of shikonin-based drugs. CONCLUSIONS Shikonin is a promising phytochemical for drug candidates. Extensive and intensive explorations on shikonin are warranted to expedite the utilization of shikonin-based drugs in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Chang M, Wang H, Niu J, Song Y, Zou Z. Alkannin-Induced Oxidative DNA Damage Synergizes With PARP Inhibition to Cause Cancer-Specific Cytotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:610205. [PMID: 33519476 PMCID: PMC7844861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.610205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncogenic transformation is associated with elevated oxidative stress that promotes tumor progression but also renders cancer cells vulnerable to further oxidative insult. Agents that stimulate ROS generation or suppress antioxidant systems can drive oxidative pressure to toxic levels selectively in tumor cells, resulting in oxidative DNA damage to endanger cancer cell survival. However, DNA damage response signaling protects cancer cells by activating DNA repair and genome maintenance mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of combining the pro-oxidative natural naphthoquinone alkannin with inhibition of DNA repair by PARP inhibitors. Methods and Results: The results showed that sublethal doses of alkannin induced ROS elevation and oxidative DNA damage in colorectal cancer but not normal colon epithelial cells. Blocking DNA repair with the PARP inhibitor olaparib markedly synergized with alkannin to yield synergistic cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells at nontoxic doses of both drugs. Synergy between alkannin and olaparib resulted from interrupted repair of alkannin-induced oxidative DNA damage and PARP-trapping, as it was significantly attenuated by NAC or by OGG1 inhibition and the non-trapping PARP inhibitor veliparib did not yield synergism. Mechanistically, the combination of alkannin and olaparib caused intense replication stress and DNA strand breaks in colorectal cancer cells, leading to apoptotic cancer cell death after G2 arrest. Consequently, coadministration of alkannin and olaparib induced significant regression of tumor xenografts in vivo, while each agent alone had no effect. Conclusion: These studies clearly show that combining alkannin and olaparib can result in synergistic cancer cell lethality at nontoxic doses of the drugs. The combination exploits a cancer vulnerability driven by the intrinsic oxidative pressure in most cancer cells and hence provides a promising strategy to develop broad-spectrum anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongge Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajing Niu
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihua Zou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Galbiati A, Zana A, Conti P. Covalent inhibitors of GAPDH: From unspecific warheads to selective compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112740. [PMID: 32898762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeting glycolysis is an attractive approach for the treatment of a wide range of pathologies, such as various tumors and parasitic infections. Due to its pivotal role in the glycolysis, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) represents a rate-limiting enzyme in those cells that mostly, or exclusively rely on this pathway for energy production. In this context, GAPDH inhibition can be a valuable approach for the development of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs. In addition to its glycolytic role, GAPDH possesses several moonlight functions, whose deregulation is involved in some pathological conditions. Covalent modification on different amino acids of GAPDH, in particular on cysteine residues, can lead to a modulation of the enzyme activity. The selectivity towards specific cysteine residues is essential to achieve a specific phenotypic effect. In this work we report an extensive overview of the latest advances on the numerous compounds able to inhibit GAPDH through the covalent binding to cysteine residues, ranging from endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics, which may serve as pharmacological tools to actual drug-like compounds with promising therapeutic perspectives. Furthermore, we focused on the potentialities of the different warheads, shedding light on the possibility to exploit a combination of a finely tuned electrophilic group with a well-designed recognition moiety. These findings can provide useful information for the rational design of novel covalent inhibitors of GAPDH, with the final goal to expand the current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galbiati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Cui J, Zhang X, Huang G, Zhang Q, Dong J, Sun G, Meng Q, Li S. DMAKO-20 as a New Multitarget Anticancer Prodrug Activated by the Tumor Specific CYP1B1 Enzyme. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:409-421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qijing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinyun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gege Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingqing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaoshun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Beretta GL, Ribaudo G, Menegazzo I, Supino R, Capranico G, Zunino F, Zagotto G. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Naphthalene and Naphthoquinone Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 350. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni L. Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Ileana Menegazzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Rosanna Supino
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Giovanni Capranico
- “G. Moruzzi” Department of Biochemistry; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Franco Zunino
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences; University of Padova; Padova Italy
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Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of shikonin and alkannin derivatives with different substituents on the naphthazarin scaffold. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-4385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Armendáriz-Vidales G, Frontana C. Electrochemical and theoretical analysis of the reactivity of shikonin derivatives: dissociative electron transfer in esterified compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6393-8. [PMID: 25007856 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01207k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical and theoretical analysis of a series of shikonin derivatives in aprotic media is presented. Results showed that the first electrochemical reduction signal is a reversible monoelectronic transfer, generating a stable semiquinone intermediate; the corresponding E(I)⁰ values were correlated with calculated values of electroaccepting power (ω(+)) and adiabatic electron affinities (A(Ad)), obtained with BH and HLYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) and considering the solvent effect, revealing the influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and the substituting group at position C-2 in the experimental reduction potential. For the second reduction step, esterified compounds isobutyryl and isovalerylshikonin presented a coupled chemical reaction following dianion formation. Analysis of the variation of the dimensionless cathodic peak potential values (ξ(p)) as a function of the scan rate (v) functions and complementary experiments in benzonitrile suggested that this process follows a dissociative electron transfer, in which the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer is slow (~0.2 cm s(-1)), and the rate constant of the chemical process is at least 10(5) larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Armendáriz-Vidales
- Subdirección de Investigación, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, SC, Parque Tecnologico Queretaro SN, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Queretaro, Mexico.
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Yoshida LS, Kohri S, Tsunawaki S, Kakegawa T, Taniguchi T, Takano-Ohmuro H, Fujii H. Evaluation of radical scavenging properties of shikonin. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 55:90-6. [PMID: 25320455 PMCID: PMC4186383 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of developing effective anti-inflammatory drugs, we have been investigating the biochemical effects of shikonin of “Shikon” roots, which is a naphthoquinone with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Shikonin scavenged reactive oxygen species like hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion (O2•−) and singlet oxygen in previous studies, but its reactivity with reactive oxygen species is not completely understood, and comparison with standard antioxidants is lacking. This study aimed elucidation of the reactivity of shikonin with nitric oxide radical and reactive oxygen species such as alkyl-oxy radical and O2•−. By using electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry, shikonin was found unable of reacting with nitric oxide radical in a competition assay with oxyhemoglobin. However, shikonin scavenged alkyl-oxy radical from 2,2'-azobis(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride with oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC of 0.25 relative to Trolox, and showed a strong O2•−-scavenging ability (42-fold of Trolox; estimated reaction rate constant: 1.7 × 105 M−1s−1) in electron paramagnetic resonance assays with CYPMPO as spin trap. Concerning another source of O2•−, the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (Nox2), shikonin inhibited the Nox2 activity by impairing catalysis when added before enzyme activation (IC50: 1.1 µM; NADPH oxidation assay). However, shikonin did not affect the preactivated Nox2 activity, although having potential to scavenge produced O2•−. In conclusion, shikonin scavenged O2•− and alkyl-oxy radical, but not nitric oxide radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia S Yoshida
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Shunji Kohri
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shohko Tsunawaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohito Kakegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gunmyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
| | - Taizo Taniguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kami-Ono, Himeji, Okayama 670-8524, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takano-Ohmuro
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hirotada Fujii
- Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
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Tandon VK, Kumar S. Recent development on naphthoquinone derivatives and their therapeutic applications as anticancer agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1087-108. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.798303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Pieretti S, Haanstra JR, Mazet M, Perozzo R, Bergamini C, Prati F, Fato R, Lenaz G, Capranico G, Brun R, Bakker BM, Michels PAM, Scapozza L, Bolognesi ML, Cavalli A. Naphthoquinone derivatives exert their antitrypanosomal activity via a multi-target mechanism. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2012. [PMID: 23350008 PMCID: PMC3547856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Methodology Recently, we reported on a new class of naphthoquinone derivatives showing a promising anti-trypanosomatid profile in cell-based experiments. The lead of this series (B6, 2-phenoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) showed an ED50 of 80 nM against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and a selectivity index of 74 with respect to mammalian cells. A multitarget profile for this compound is easily conceivable, because quinones, as natural products, serve plants as potent defense chemicals with an intrinsic multifunctional mechanism of action. To disclose such a multitarget profile of B6, we exploited a chemical proteomics approach. Principal Findings A functionalized congener of B6 was immobilized on a solid matrix and used to isolate target proteins from Trypanosoma brucei lysates. Mass analysis delivered two enzymes, i.e. glycosomal glycerol kinase and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as potential molecular targets for B6. Both enzymes were recombinantly expressed and purified, and used for chemical validation. Indeed, B6 was able to inhibit both enzymes with IC50 values in the micromolar range. The multifunctional profile was further characterized in experiments using permeabilized Trypanosoma brucei cells and mitochondrial cell fractions. It turned out that B6 was also able to generate oxygen radicals, a mechanism that may additionally contribute to its observed potent trypanocidal activity. Conclusions and Significance Overall, B6 showed a multitarget mechanism of action, which provides a molecular explanation of its promising anti-trypanosomatid activity. Furthermore, the forward chemical genetics approach here applied may be viable in the molecular characterization of novel multitarget ligands. The multitarget approach can represent a promising strategy for the discovery of innovative drug candidates against neglected tropical diseases. However, multitarget drug discovery can be very demanding, because of the highly time-consuming step related to the fine balancing of the biological activities against selected targets. An innovative workflow for discovering multitarget drugs can be envisioned: i) design and synthesis of natural-like compounds; ii) test them using phenotypic cell-based assays; iii) fishing potential targets by means of chemical proteomics. This workflow might rapidly provide new hit candidates that can be further progressed to the hit-to-lead and lead optimization steps of the drug discovery process. The two latter steps can benefit from information on the molecular target(s), which may be identified by chemical proteomics. Herein, we report on the elucidation of the mode of action of a new series of anti-trypanosomal naphthoquinone compounds, previously tested using cell-based assays, by means of chemical proteomics, classical biochemistry, molecular and system biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pieretti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jurgen R. Haanstra
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel Mazet
- Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, de Duve Institute and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remo Perozzo
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Federica Prati
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Lenaz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A. M. Michels
- Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, de Duve Institute and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail: (MLB); (AC)
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail: (MLB); (AC)
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Li J, Jin R. DFT study on the radical scavenging activity of β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin derivatives. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2012.680887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Huu Tung N, Du GJ, Wang CZ, Yuan CS, Shoyama Y. Naphthoquinone components from Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch show significant antiproliferative effects on human colorectal cancer cells. Phytother Res 2012; 27:66-70. [PMID: 22473633 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our research to seek active compounds against human colorectal cancer from the root of Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch led to the isolation of two naphthoquinones, alkannin (1) and angelylalkannin (2). The antiproliferative effects of the two compounds on human colon cancer cells HCT-116 and SW-480 were determined by the 3,4-(5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium salt (MTS) method. Cell cycle profile and cell apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry. Both of the two compounds showed significant inhibitory effects on the cancer cells. For alkannin (1) and angelylalkannin (2), the median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were 2.38 and 4.76 µM for HCT-116 cells, while for SW-480 cells they were 4.53 and 7.03 µM, respectively. The potential antiproliferative mechanisms were also explored. At concentrations between 1-10 µM, both compounds arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase and induced cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Huu Tung
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
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Emadi A, Le A, Harwood CJ, Stagliano KW, Kamangar F, Ross AE, Cooper CR, Dang CV, Karp JE, Vuica-Ross M. Metabolic and electrochemical mechanisms of dimeric naphthoquinones cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7057-62. [PMID: 22036210 PMCID: PMC3216315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism due to genetic alteration to compensate for increased energy demand and enhanced anabolism, cell proliferation, and protection from oxidative damage. Here, we assessed the cytotoxicity of three dimeric naphthoquinones against the glycolytic MCF-7 versus the oxidative MDA-453 breast carcinoma cell lines. Dimeric naphthoquinones 1 and 2 impaired MDA-453, but not MCF-7, cell growth at IC(50)=15 μM. Significant increase in reactive oxygen species, decrease in oxygen consumption and ATP production were observed in MDA-453 cells but not in MCF-7 cell. These findings suggest that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are mechanisms by which these agents exert their cytotoxic effects. Cyclic voltammetry and semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations further characterized the electrochemical behavior of these compounds. These results also suggest that dimeric naphthoquinones may be used to selectively target cancer cells that depend on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production and macromolecular synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Emadi
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Sendamangalam V, Choi OK, Seo Y, Kim DS. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Polyphenols against Streptococcus mutans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/ax.2011.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Deng R, Tang J, Xie BF, Feng GK, Huang YH, Liu ZC, Zhu XF. SYUNZ-16, a newly synthesized alkannin derivative, induces tumor cells apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth through inhibition of PKB/AKT kinase activity and blockade of AKT/FOXO signal pathway. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:220-9. [PMID: 19904742 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alkannin is the major bioactive compound of Arnebia euchroma roots, which is used in many therapeutic remedies in Chinese traditional medicine. SYUNZ-16 is a new derivative of alkannin. In this study, anticancer effects of SYUNZ-16 on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC-82 and human hepatocarcinoma cell line Hep3B were tested in vitro. The results showed SYUNZ-16 could obviously inhibit the proliferation of these cancer cell lines via induction of apoptosis, with the evidence of increasing AnnexinV-positive cells and cleaved caspase-3 and PARP fragments. More importantly, we found that SYUNZ-16 could inhibit AKT activity in cell-free system. Treatment of cancer cells with SYUNZ-16 decreased the phosphorylation of AKT. Additionally, SYUNZ-16 partially attenuated the phosphorylation levels of FKHR and FKHRL1 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent fashion, and led to an increase in the nuclear accumulation of exogenous FKHR, and upregulated the mRNA expression of Bim and TRADD in cancer cells. Further study showed that constitutively activated AKT1 transfection could reduce apoptosis induction mediated by SYUNZ-16. The in vivo experiments showed that SYUNZ-16 had inhibitory effects on S-180 sarcoma implanted to mice. And in GLC-82 xenograft models, SYUNZ-16 at 20 mg/kg/qod remarkably inhibited the tumor growth with the T/C value of 45.3%. Taken together, SYUNZ-16 might be a potent inhibitor of AKT signaling pathway in tumor cells. These data provide evidence for the development of SYUNZ-16 as a potential antitumor drug candidate for further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Marinho-Filho JDB, Bezerra DP, Araújo AJ, Montenegro RC, Pessoa C, Diniz JC, Viana FA, Pessoa OD, Silveira ER, de Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV. Oxidative stress induction by (+)-cordiaquinone J triggers both mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and necrosis in leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 183:369-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Ramos EI, Garza KM, Krauth-Siegel RL, Bader J, Martinez LE, Maldonado RA. 2,3-diphenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone: a potential chemotherapeutic agent against Trypanosoma cruzi. J Parasitol 2009; 95:461-6. [PMID: 18788881 DOI: 10.1645/ge-1686.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a widespread infection in Latin America. Currently, only 2 partially effective and highly toxic drugs, i.e., benznidazole and nifurtimox, are available for the treatment of this disease, and several efforts are underway in the search for better chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we have determined the trypanocidal activity of 2,3-diphenyl-1 ,4-naphthoquinone (DPNQ), a novel quinone derivative. In vitro, DPNQ was highly cytotoxic at a low, micromolar concentration (LD50 = 2.5 microM) against epimastigote, cell-derived trypomastigote, and intracellular amastigote forms of T. cruzi, but not against mammalian cells (LD50 = 130 microM). In vivo studies on the murine model of Chagas disease revealed that DPNQ-treated animals (3 doses of 10 mg/kg/day) showed a significant delay in parasitemia peak and higher (up to 60%) survival rate 70 days post-infection, when compared with the control group (infected, untreated). We also observed a 2-fold decrease in parasitemia between the control group (infected, untreated) and the treated group (infected, treated). No apparent drug toxicity effects were noticed in the control group (uninfected, treated). In addition, we determined that DPNQ is the first competitive inhibitor of T. cruzi lipoamide dehydrogenase (TcLipDH) thus far described. Our results indicate that DPNQ is a promising chemotherapeutic agent against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique I Ramos
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
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