Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some potential thiazolidinonyl 2-oxo/thiobarbituric acids

Antibacterial and Anticandidal Activity of the Nanostructural Composite of a Spirothiazolidine-Derivative Assembled on Silver Nanoparticles

Our aims in this work are the preparation of an ionic liquid based on heterocyclic compounds with Ag nanoparticles and the investigation of its application as an antibacterial and anticandidal agent. These goals were achieved through the fabrication of an ionic liquid based on Ag nanoparticles with 5-Amino-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-hexadecyl-7-(4-methylphenyl)-2-H spiro[cyclohexane1,2'-[1,3]thiazolo [4,5-b]pyridine]-6-carbonitrile (P16). The nanostructure of the prepared ionic liquid was characterized using techniques such as FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, UV, SEM, and TEM. The biological activity of the prepared compound (P16) and its nanocomposites with Ag nanoparticles was tested using five clinical bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa 249; Escherichia coli 141; Enterobacter cloacae 235; Staphylococcus epidermidis BC 161, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus 217), and three Candida species (Candida utilis ATCC 9255; C. tropicalis ATCC 1362, and C. albicans ATCC 20402). The FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR results confirmed the chemical structure of the synthesized P16 compound. The nanostructure of the prepared ionic liquid was determined based on data obtained from the UV, SEM, and TEM tests. The antibacterial and anticandidal results showed that the biological activity of the compound (P16) was enhanced after the formation of nanocomposite structures with Ag nanoparticles. Moreover, the biological activity of the compound itself (P16) and that of its nanocomposite structure with Ag nanoparticles was higher than that of ampicillin and amphotericin B, which were used as control drugs in this work.

2-(4-Oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)acetamid as promising scaffold for designing new antifungal compounds

1,3-Thiazolidin-4-one derivatives with a exocyclic C=C double bond in position 2 of the hetero ring have a wide spectrum of biological activity, but their fungicidal activity has not been studied as much as it should be. This paper presents a simple and convenient approach for obtaining potential antifungal agents based on 2-(4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)acetamides. The first examples of evaluating the fungicidal activity of 8 obtained compounds on 8 strains of phytopathogenic fungi are presented. A highly active compound 4e with EC50 of 0.85 and 2.29 µg/mL against A. solani and P. lingam, respectively, was found to be promising for further study.

One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Hydrazono 1,3-Thiazolidin-4-One Derivatives: Molecular Modelling, ADMET And Biological Evaluation of Anti-HIV And Anti-Tubercular Agents

BACKGROUND

The necessity for newer anti-HIV and anti-tubercular medications has arisen as a result of the prevalence of opportunistic infections caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).

OBJECTIVE

A series of ten new hydrazono 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized in one-pot and evaluated for anti-HIV and anti-tubercular activities. Molecular Docking was perormed with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase protein (PDB ID: 1REV) and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) H37Rv protein (PDB ID: 2YES) receptors along with drug-likeness and ADMET properties.

METHODS

One-pot synthesis of hydrazono 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives was carried out by ketones, thiosemicarbazide and ethylchloroacetate with the catalyst of anhydrous sodium acetate. All the synthesized compounds were characterized, and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-HIV and also evaluated for their in-vitro anti-tubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. In-silico predicted physicochemical parameters were done by MedChem DesignerTM software version 5.5 and ADMET parameters by pkCSM online tool. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed with pyrx 0.8 by autodock vina software.

RESULTS

All the synthesized compounds were characterized and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-HIV activity for inhibition of syncytia formation, which shows KTE1 with EC5¬0 47.95 µM and Selectivity Index (SI) of >4.17 and for inhibition of p24 antigen production EC5¬0 was found to be 80.02 µM and SI of >2.49. The compounds were also evaluated for their in-vitro anti-tubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, in which KTE1 MIC values of 12.5µg/ml with SI of >4.0 and cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines. In-silico predicted physicochemical parameters for synthesized compounds which were found to be drug-like. Furthermore, docking has shown a good dock score and binding energy with anti-HIV and anti-tubercular receptors.

CONCLUSION

From the novel synthesized molecules none of the molecule is as effective as standards for anti-HIV and anti-tubercular drugs and hence can be further explored for its potential activities. Furthermore, derivatization was made to achieve more potent compounds for anti-HIV and anti-tubercular drugs.

Design, synthesis and in silico screening of benzoxazole-thiazolidinone hybrids as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 proteases

Hybrid molecules in the recent years have gained significant importance in drug research as promising therapeutic agents. We report a novel combination of two such bioactive scaffolds (benzoxazole and 4-thiazolidinone B-T hybrids) as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2. The study uses an in silico approach to identify the potential of B-T hybrids as possible inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 proteases. Molecular docking was employed to identify the interactions of B-T hybrids with the two proteases - 3CLp (the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease) and PLp (the papain-like protease). Docking results of the screened 81 hybrids indicated that BT10 and BT14 interacted with the catalytic dyad residue of 3CLp (Cys145) with the best binding energy. MD simulations revealed that BT10 formed stable interactions via 4 hydrogen bonds with the catalytic site residues of 3CLp. In the case of PLp, BT27 and MBT9 interacted with the catalytic triad residue of PLp (His272) with high binding energy. MD simulations demonstrated that the reference drug Tipranavir relocated to the thumb region of the protease whereas BT27 remained in the active site of PLp stabilized by 2 hydrogen bonds, while MBT9 relocated to the BL2 loop of the palm region. The MM-PBSA and interaction entropy (IE) analysis indicated that BT14 exhibited the best ΔG (of -6.83 kcal mol-1) with 3CLp, while BT27 exhibited the best ΔG (of -7.76 kcal mol-1) with PLp. A four-step synthetic procedure was employed to synthesize the B-T hybrids starting from ammonium thiocyanate. The short-listed compounds in the case of 3CLp were synthesized and characterized using IR, NMR, and HRMS spectroscopic techniques.

Expedient synthesis of novel antibacterial hydrazono-4-thiazolidinones under catalysis of a natural-based binary ionic liquid

A library of pyran-2H-one-3-ylmethylidene and chromene-2H-one-3-ylmethylidene derivatives of the titled heterocyclic framework was synthesized from 3-acyl-4-hydroxypyran/chromene-2H-one via sequential reaction with thiosemicarbazide and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates. The syntheses were carried out under efficient catalysis of a new binary ionic liquid mixture [L-prolinium chloride][1-methylimidazolium-3-sulfonate] in one pot and solvent-free conditions. Calculations based on density functional theory displayed that the barrier energy for interconversion of the two possible diastereomeric isomers of each product is less than the thermal energy of molecules at room temperature, as only one product can be resolved from a given reaction mixture. This seems to be the case for the previously reported hydrazonothiazolidines. The binary ionic liquid mixture melts at near room temperature and can be considered as a solution of HCl in 1:1 mixture of two zwitterionic species. It proved to be more efficient than its constituents in catalyzing the above synthesis in one-pot operation. Some of the synthesized products have shown pronounced antibacterial activities. The ionic liquid is virtually stable in air and moisture, as can be retrieved several times without appreciable decrease in its catalytic activity.

Development of a Novel Series of Anticancer and Antidiabetic: Spirothiazolidines Analogs

4-(4-Aminophenyl)-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one 1 was prepared and allowed to react with nitrogen nucleophiles to give the corresponding hydrazones 2–4. Further, compound 1 underwent diazotization and afforded the parallel hydrazono derivative 5; moreover, compound 1 refluxed with active methylene derivatives yielded the corresponding aminospirothiazolo pyridine–carbonitrile derivative 6 and spirothiazolopyridinone–carbonitrile derivative 7. Condensation of spirothiazolidine 1 with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde gave the corresponding spiro arylidiene derivative 8, which was utilized as a component of Micheal addition to react with excess of nitrogen nucleophiles to yield novel ring frameworks 4-(3′-(4-chlorophenyl)–spiro [cyclohexane-1,5′-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazol]-6′(1′H)-yl)aniline (9) and 4-(3′-(4-chlorophenyl)-6′H- spiro[cyclohexane-1,5′-thiazolo[5,4-d]isoxazol]-6′-yl)aniline (10). Finally, when spirothiazolo pyridinone–carbonitrile derivative 7 sodium salt generated in situ was reacted with different alkyl halides, it produced the corresponding N-derivatives 12–16. Three compounds, 6, 14, and 16, showed high significantly anticancer activities compared with Doxorubicin® (positive control) against human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and human liver carcinoma (HepG-2) cell lines. On the other hand, compounds 6 and 9 showed higher therapeutic indices for both of alpha-amylase inhibitor and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor than the other tested compounds compared with the antidiabetic Acarbose (positive control).

Molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one and its selenium analogue: Insights using HF and DFT methods

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one and its selenium analogue were studied in the gas phase using HF and DFT methods. The functionals considered were B3LYP, BP86 and M06. The basis set for all the atoms was 6-311++ G(d,p). Molecular parameters such as bond lengths, bond angles, rotational constants, dipole moments, electronic energies, and vibrational parameters namely harmonic vibrational frequencies and relative intensities were computed for these compounds. Atomization energies, HOMO-LUMO gaps and natural charges on the atoms were also calculated. The molecular parameters and the vibrational spectra of sulfur compound are in good agreement with the experimental data. Therefore, the data for the selenium analogue should be helpful in its future characterization.

Crystal structure, spectroscopic studies and theoretical studies of thiobarbituric acid derivatives: understanding the hydrogen-bonding patterns

In addition to their wide-ranging applications in the pharmaceutical industry, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) derivatives are also known to possess applications in engineering and materials science. 20 TBA derivatives, with diversity at the N and C-5 positions through acylation, Schiff base formation, Knoevenagel condensation, thioamide and enamine formation, were studied. The absolute configurations for six derivatives, namely 5-acetyl-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, C₁₀H₁₄N₂O₃S, A01, 1,3-diethyl-5-propionyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₃S, A02, tert-butyl [1-(1,3-diethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-thioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate, C₁₈H₂₉N₃O₅S, A06, 1,3-diethyl-4,6-dioxo-2-thioxo-N-(p-tolyl)hexahydropyrimidine-5-carbothioamide, C₁₆H₁₉N₃O₂S₂, A13, 5-(1-aminoethylidene)-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, C₁₀H₁₅N₃O₂S, A17, and 5-(1-aminopropylidene)-1,3-diethyl-2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione, C₁₁H₁₇N₃O₂S, A18, were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, which indicates the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in all six cases and intermolecular hydrogen bonding for A17. In A13, the presence of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds was observed. The stabilization of the enol form over the keto form was confirmed by computation. In order to convert the keto form to the enol form, an energy barrier of 55.05 kcal mol^-1 needs to be overcome, as confirmed by transition-state calculations.

Synthesis, Modeling Study and Antioxidants Activity of New Heterocycles Derived from 4-Antipyrinyl-2-Chloroacetamidothiazoles

The present work reports the preparation of twelve new heterocyclic scaffolds containing an antipyrinyl-thiazole hybrid through the reaction of 4-antipyrinyl-2-chloroacetamido-thiazoles 1 and 6 with various types of nucleophiles, namely; ethyl thioglycolate, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, ammonium thiocyanate, malononitrile, and salicylaldehyde. The constructed compounds were characterized by conventional spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass analysis). A DFT method (material studio package) was used to predict the geometry, bond lengths, bond angles, and dipole moments as well as other global chemical reactivities of the constructed antipyrinyl-thiazole compounds. Also, their semi-core pseudopods calculations (dspp) were carried out with DNP (double numerical basis sets plus polarization functional) to predict the properties of materials. In addition, the antioxidant activity of these antipyrinyl-thiazole scaffolds has been screened by the ABTS method. The results indicated that 2-(4-antipyrinylthiazolylamino)-5-substituitedbenzylidene-thiazol-4(5H)-ones 10b and 10c exhibited the best antioxidant activity with a percentage inhibition of 85.74% and 83.51%, respectively.

Exploiting the Thiobarbituric Acid Scaffold for Antibacterial Activity

Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) has been considered a privileged structure for developing antimicrobial agents. Diversity was obtained at positions N and at C5 through acylation, Schiff base formation, Knoevenagel condensation, and thioamide and enamine formation. The present work describes the synthesis of small libraries based on the TBA moiety and above-mentioned reactions. Preliminary antimicrobial activity screening of the prepared compounds against selected bacteria (both Gram-positive and -negative) showed the best results for the Boc-Phe-TBA derivative. These results could be useful for designing and building libraries based on other amino acids with distinct protecting groups.

Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of 5-arylidene-N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates as Potential α-glucosidase Inhibitors

BACKGROUND

Barbituric acid derivatives are a versatile group of compounds which are identified as potential pharmacophores for the treatment of anxiety, epilepsy and other psychiatric disorders. They are also used as anesthetics and have sound effects on the motor and sensory functions. Barbiturates are malonylurea derivatives with a variety of substituents at C-5 position showing resemblance with nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds like thiouracil which exhibited potent anticancer and antiviral activities. Recently, barbituric acid derivatives have also received great interest for applications in nanoscience.

OBJECTIVE

Synthesis of 5-arylidene-N,N-diethylthiobarbiturates, biological evaluation as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors and molecular modeling.

METHODS

In the present study, N,N-Diethylthiobarbituric acid derivatives were synthesized by refluxing of N,N-diethylthiobarbituric acid and different aromatic aldehydes in distilled water. In a typical reaction; a mixture of N,N-diethylthiobarbituric acid 0.20 g (1 mmol) and 5-bromo-2- hydroxybenzaldehyde 0.199 g (1 mmol) mixed in 10 mL distilled water and reflux for 30 minutes. After completion of the reaction, the corresponding product 1 was filtered and dried and yield calculated. It was crystallized from ethanol. The structures of synthesized compounds 1-25 were carried out by using 1H, 13C NMR, EI spectroscopy and CHN analysis used for the determination of their structures. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay was performed as given by Chapdelaine et al., with slight modifications and optimization.

RESULTS

Our newly synthesized compounds showed a varying degree of α-glucosidase inhibition and at least four of them were found as potent inhibitors. Compounds 6, 5, 17, 11 exhibited IC50 values (Mean±SEM) of 0.0006 ± 0.0002, 18.91 ± 0.005, 19.18 ± 0.002, 36.91 ± 0.003 µM, respectively, as compared to standard acarbose (IC50, 38.25 ± 0.12 µM).

CONCLUSION

Our present study has shown that compounds 6, 5, 17, 11 exhibited IC50 values of 0.0006 ± 0.0002, 18.91 ± 0.005, 19.18 ± 0.002, 36.91 ± 0.003 µM, respectively. The studies were supported by in silico data analysis.

Efficient procedure with new fused pyrimidinone derivatives, Schiff base ligand and its La and Gd complexes by green chemistry

Synthetic strategies were developed for the construction of some newer more potent derivatives of thiobarbituric acid and its Schiff base metal complexes in both bulk and at the nanoscale.

Novel 4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives as Anti-Infective Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation

A series of new 4-thiazolidinone derivatives was synthesized, characterized by spectral techniques, and screened for antimicrobial activity. All the compounds were evaluated against five Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram-negative bacteria, and two fungi, at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 µg/mL, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of all the compounds were also determined and were found to be in the range of 100–400 µg/mL. All the compounds showed moderate-to-good antimicrobial activity. Compounds 4a [2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3-(4-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-2-yl)-thiazolidin-4-one] and 4e [3-(4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-thiazolidin-4-one] were the most potent compounds of the series, exhibiting marked antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungal strains. Thus, on the basis of results obtained, it may be concluded that synthesized compounds exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

Azole-based compounds as antiamoebic agents: a perspective using theoretical calculations

Diseases caused by protozoal organisms are responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Amoebiasis caused byEntamoeba histolyticais an example of such diseases.

Synthesis and reactions of C-phosphanylated thiazol-2-thiones

Regioselective synthesis of the P(iii) substituted thiazole-2-thione I is presented. Oxidation of I resulted in P(V) chalcogenide thiazole-2-thiones (E = O, S, Se). Desulfurization of I (E = O) using hydrogenperoxide led to the first C-phosphanoyl thiazolium salt II. Deprotonation of II and reaction with cyclooctadiene rhodium(i) chloride dimer yielded thiazole-2-ylidene rhodium(i) complex III.

Design and synthesis of new barbituric- and thiobarbituric acid derivatives as potent urease inhibitors: Structure activity relationship and molecular modeling studies

In this study 36 new compounds were synthesized by condensing barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid and respective anilines (bearing different substituents) in the presence of triethyl orthoformate in good yields. In vitro urease inhibition studies against jack bean urease revealed that barbituric acid derived compounds (1-9 and 19-27) were found to exhibit low to moderate activity however thiobarbituric acid derived compounds (10-18 and 28-36) showed significant inhibition activity at low micro-molar concentrations. Among the synthesized compounds, compounds (15), (12), (10), (36), (16) and (35) showed excellent urease inhibition with IC50 values 8.53 ± 0.027, 8.93 ± 0.027, 12.96 ± 0.13, 15 ± 0.098, 18.9 ± 0.027 and 19.7 ± 0.63 μM, respectively, even better than the reference compound thiourea (IC50 = 21 ± 0.011). The compound (11) exhibited comparable activity to the standard with IC50 value 21.83 ± 0.19 μM. In silico molecular docking studies for most active compounds (10), (12), (15), (16), (35) and (36) and two inactive compounds (3) and (6) were performed to predict the binding patterns.

[Et3NH][HSO4]-catalyzed eco-friendly and expeditious synthesis of thiazolidine and oxazolidine derivatives

Facile, sustainable and efficient synthesis of thiazolidine/oxazolidine derivatives.

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of certain novel aryl hydrazone pyrazoline-5-ones containing thiazole moiety

PURPOSE

The aim of this article is to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of certain novel 3-methyl-5-oxo-4-(phenyl hydrazono)-4,5-dihydro-pyrazol-1-yl]-acetic acid N|-(4-substituted thiazol-2-yl)-hydrazides.

METHODS

The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and IR, NMR and mass spectral data. The antimicrobial activity of novel compounds was evaluated by broth dilution method.

RESULTS

XVe, XVf and XVg have shown better antibacterial activity than other compounds of the series. XVa, XVc, XVd and XVe have shown better antifungal activity than the other compounds of the series.

CONCLUSION

All compounds were found to exhibit fair degree of antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis of some new pyrazole-based 1,3-thiazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles as anticancer agents

N-(4-(Pyrazol-4-yl)thiazol-2-yl)-N'-phenylthiourea derivative 2 was synthesized and then treated with variety of hydrazonoyl chlorides under basic condition at reflux to afford the corresponding 2-(4-(pyrazol-4-yl)thiazol-2-ylimino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives 6, 10a-e and 17a-e. Reaction of 2 with ethyl chloroacetate and with 3-chloro-2,4-pentanedione gave the thiazolidin-4-one 22 and 1,3-thiazole 25 derivatives, respectively. Condensation of thiazolidin-4-one 22 with aldehydes gave their 5-arylidene derivatives 23a-f. Most of the synthesized compounds were tested for anticancer activity against human hepatocelluar carcinoma HepG2, human breast cancer MCF-7 and human lung cancer A549. Their SAR was studied and variously affected by the electronic factor of electron donating and withdrawing groups. Many of the tested compounds showed moderate to high anticancer activity.

Recent developments and biological activities of thiazolidinone derivatives: a review

Thiazolidinone is considered as a biologically important active scaffold that possesses almost all types of biological activities. Successful introduction of ralitoline as a potent anti-convulsant, etozoline as a antihypertensive, pioglitazone as a hypoglycemic agent and thiazolidomycin activity against streptomyces species proved potential of thiazolidinone moiety. This diversity in the biological response profile has attracted the attention of many researchers to explore this skeleton to its multiple potential against several activities. This review is complementary to earlier reviews and aims to review the work reported on various biological activities of thiazolidinone derivatives from year 2000 to the beginning of 2011. Data are presented for active compounds, some of which have passed the preclinical testing stage.

Efficient sonochemical synthesis of thiazolidinones from piperonilamine

An efficient multicomponent reaction of arenealdehydes, mercaptoacetic acid and piperonilamine under ultrasound irradiation to afford 2-aryl-3-(piperonylmethyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones is reported. Applying this methodology, eleven heterocycles were synthesized and isolated in good yields after short reaction times.