Synthesis of new acridines and hydrazones derived from cyclic beta-diketone for cytotoxic and antiviral evaluation

Design, synthesis, anticancer activity and molecular docking of quinoline-based dihydrazone derivatives

Based on the biologically active heterocycle quinoline, we successfully synthesized a series of quinoline-based dihydrazone derivatives (3a-3d). 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-HRMS, IR, element analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were performed to comprehensively characterize their chemical structures, spectral properties and stability. Nitrosamine impurities were not detected in 3a-3d, and the systemic toxicological assessment indicated that the toxicity of 3a-3d was lower. Furthermore, their anticancer activity was evaluated by MTT, AO/EB double staining, apoptosis detection and ROS detection. The time-dependent UV/Vis spectra revealed that 3a-3d had good stability in solution. For all the newly synthesized compounds, cytotoxic activities were carried out against human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823, human hepatoma cell line BEL-7402, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 as well as human normal liver cell line HL-7702. MTT assay indicated that all the tested compounds exhibited important antiproliferative activity against selected cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 7.01 to 34.32 μM, while none of them had obvious cytotoxic activity to human normal liver cell line HL-7702. Further, the most potent compound 3c displayed stronger antiproliferative activity against all the selected cancer cell lines than the clinically used anticancer agent 5-FU. Especially, 3b and 3c displayed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 7.016 μM and 7.05 μM, respectively. AO/EB double staining, flow cytometry and ROS detection suggested that 3b and 3c could induce MCF-7 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking suggests that 3b and 3c could bind with DNA via partial insertion. Additionally, molecular docking also suggests that CDK2 may be one of the targets for 3b and 3c. In a word, 3b and 3c could be suitable candidates for further investigation as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment.

4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid-Based Hydrazide-Hydrazones as Potent Growth Inhibition Agents of Laccase-Producing Phytopathogenic Fungi That Are Useful in the Protection of Oilseed Crops

The research on new compounds against plant pathogens is still socially and economically important. It results from the increasing resistance of pests to plant protection products and the need to maintain high yields of crops, particularly oilseed crops used to manufacture edible and industrial oils and biofuels. We tested thirty-five semi-synthetic hydrazide-hydrazones with aromatic fragments of natural origin against phytopathogenic laccase-producing fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Cerrena unicolor. Among the investigated molecules previously identified as potent laccase inhibitors were also strong antifungal agents against the fungal species tested. The highest antifungal activity showed derivatives of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic aldehydes with 3-tert-butyl, phenyl, or isopropyl substituents. S. sclerotiorum appeared to be the most susceptible to the tested compounds, with the lowest IC50 values between 0.5 and 1.8 µg/mL. We applied two variants of phytotoxicity tests for representative crop seeds and selected hydrazide-hydrazones. Most tested molecules show no or low phytotoxic effect for flax and sunflower seeds. Moreover, a positive impact on seed germination infected with fungi was observed. With the potential for application, the cytotoxicity of the hydrazide-hydrazones of choice toward MCF-10A and BALB/3T3 cell lines was lower than that of the azoxystrobin fungicide tested.

Anticancer behaviour of 2,2'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)bis(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione)-based palladium(II) complex and its DNA, BSA binding propensity and DFT study

Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of [Pd(L)(OH2)Cl] complex (where L = 2,2'-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)bis(5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione) as a novel promising anticancer candidate. The complex was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other various spectroscopic techniques. Besides, the optimized structure was determined through DFT calculations revealing that the coordination geometry of [Pd(L)(OH2)Cl] complex is square planar. The binding propensity of [Pd(L)(OH2)Cl] complex with DNA and BSA was assessed by the spectrophotometric method. The antimicrobial profile of the ligand and its [Pd(L)(OH2)Cl] complex was screened against clinically important bacterial strains. [Pd(L)(OH2)Cl] complex showed promising activity against these microorganisms. Pd(L)(OH2)Cl] complex exhibited a potent antiproliferative potential compared to its ligand against different human cancer cells (A549, HCT116, MDA-MB-231, and HepG2) with less toxic effect against normal cells (WI-38). Additionally, [Pd(L)(OH2)Cl] complex exerted its anticancer effects against the most responsive cells (HCT116 cells; IC50 = 11 ± 1 μM) through suppressing their colony-forming capabilities and triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at S phase. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed a remarkable upregulation of the mRNA expression level of p53 and caspase-3 by 4.8- and 5.9-fold, respectively, relative to control. Remarkable binding properties and non-covalent interactions between L and its [Pd(L)(OH2)Cl] complex with the binding sites of different receptors including CDK2, MurE ligase, DNA, and BSA were established using molecular docking. Based on our results, [Pd(L)(OH2)Cl] complex is an intriguing candidate for future investigations as a potential anticancer drug for the treatment of colon cancer.

Novel hydrazone schiff's base derivatives of polyhydroquinoline: synthesis, in vitro prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity and their Molecular docking study

This research work reports the synthesis of new derivatives of the hydrazone Schiff bases (1-17) based on polyhydroquinoline nucleus through multistep reactions. HR-ESIMS,1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy were used to structurally infer all of the synthesized compounds and lastly evaluated for prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. All the prepared products displayed good to excellent inhibitory activity when compared with standard z-prolyl-prolinal. Three derivatives 3, 15 and 14 showed excellent inhibition with IC50 values 3.21 ± 0.15 to 5.67 ± 0.18 µM, while the remaining 12 compounds showed significant activity. Docking studies indicated a good correlation with the biochemical potency of compounds estimated in the in-vitro test and showed the potency of compounds 3, 15 and 14. The MD simulation results confirmed the stability of the most potent inhibitors 3, 15 and 14 at 250 ns using the parameters RMSD, RMSF, Rg and number of hydrogen bonds. The RMSD values indicate the stability of the protein backbone in complex with the inhibitors over the simulation time. The RMSF values of the binding site residues indicate that the potent inhibitors contributed to stabilizing these regions of the protein, through formed stable interactions with the protein. The Rg. analysis assesses the overall size and compactness of the complexes. The maintenance of stable hydrogen bonds suggests the existence of favorable binding interactions. SASA analysis suggests that they maintained stable conformations without large-scale exposure to the solvent. These results indicate that the ligand-protein interactions are stable and could be exploited to design new drugs for disease treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of Novel 2-Ar-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives

Triazoles are crucial molecular frameworks in the development of fungicidal compounds. Although there has been extensive research on triazole derivatives for fungicide discovery, the investigation of 2-Ar-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles remains in progress. This study reports the synthesis and evaluation of the fungicidal activity of 27 distinct 2-Ar-substituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives. These derivatives were synthesized from anilines through a three-step process, with the key step being the Cu(II)-catalyzed annulation reaction of readily accessible alkyl 3-aminoacrylates with aryldiazonium salts. All derivatives were novel, and their structures were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Their antifungal activity was tested against five phytopathogenic fungi. Twelve of the target compounds exhibited better performance than the positive control hymexazol in the fungal test. Notably, compound 6d demonstrated the most potent inhibition against Botryosphaeria dothidea with an EC50 value of 0.90 mg/L. The structure-activity relationships are also discussed in this paper. Preliminary studies on the antifungal mechanism of compound 6d revealed that it inhibits ergosterol synthesis and alters the morphology and ultrastructure of the B. dothidea mycelium. These results suggest that the designed 2-Ar-substituted-1,2,3-triazole-containing hydrazone derivatives warrant further investigation as potential lead compounds for novel antifungal agents.

Research Progress on the Biological Activities of Metal Complexes Bearing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrazones

Due to the abundant and promising biological activities of aromatic hydrazones, it is of great significance to study the biological activities of their metal complexes for the research and development of metal-based drugs. In this review, we focus on the metal complexes of polycyclic aromatic hydrazones, which still do not receive much attention, and summarize the studies related to their biological activities. Although the large number of metal complexes in phenylhydrazone prevent them all from being summarized, the significant value of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons themselves (such as naphthalene and anthracene) as pharmacophores are also considered. Therefore, the bioactivities of the metal complexes of naphthylhydrazone and anthrahydrazone are focused on, and the recent research progress on the metal complexes of anthrahydrazone by the authors is also included. In terms of biological activities, these complexes mainly show antibacterial and anticancer activities, along with less bioactivities. The present review demonstrates that the structural design and bioactivities of these complexes are fundamental, which also indicates a certain structure-activity relationship (SAR) in some substructural areas. However, a systematic and comprehensive conclusion of the SAR is still not available, which suggests that more attention should be paid to the bioactivities of the metal complexes of polycyclic aromatic hydrazones since their potential in structural design and biological activity remains to be explored. We hope that this review will attract more researchers to devote their interest and energy into this promising area.

New bis hydrazone: Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, DFT computations, conformational study and in silico study of the inhibition activity of SARS-CoV-2

The aim of this work was to synthesize new bis hydrazone derived from benzil in good yield, namely: (1Z,2Z)-1,2-bis (3-Chlorophenyl Hydrazino) Benzil, encoded by 3-Cl BHB. The benzil (or 1,2-diphenyl ethanedione) reacts with 3-Cl phenyl hydrazine by reflux method using ethanol as solvent to obtain the target compound. The obtained product is depicted by UV-Vis, IR spectroscopy and XRD-crystals analysis. All various contacts intra and intermolecular found in 3-Cl BHB were determined by the X-ray diffraction technique performed on single crystals. On the other hand, the optimized geometric structure of 3-Cl BHB was computed by the DFT/B3LYP method with 6-31 G (d, p) level. So, the bond lengths and angles, frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), surface electrostatic potential of the molecule (MEP), global reactivity descriptors, Mulliken atomic charges, computed vibrational analysis and electronic absorption spectrum were determined to get a good understanding of the electronic properties and the active sites of 3-Cl BHB, then to compare them with experimental data. Additionally, a conformational study was carried out using the same method (DFT). The structure-activity relationships established through molecular docking studies showed that 3-Cl BHB structure strongly binds to the receptors Mpro (-8.90 Kcal/mol) and RdRp (-8.60 Kcal/mol) which confirm its inhibition activity against COVID-19.

Novel flavonoid hybrids as potent antiviral agents against hepatitis A: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation

Two series of flavonoid hybrids, totaling 42 compounds, were designed, synthesized and evaluated to develop antiviral compounds effective against hepatitis A virus (HAV). A recombinant viral screening system revealed that most of the synthesized derivatives exhibited significant anti-HAV activity, and compounds B2, B3, B5 and B27 were identified as potential inhibitors of HAV. Post-treatment of cells with B2, B3, B5 and B27 after HAV infection strongly suppressed HAV infection, whereas pretreatment or simultaneous treatment were ineffective. Furthermore, these four compounds significantly inhibited HAV (HM175/18f strain) production in a dose-dependent manner. Analyses using HAV subgenomic replicon systems indicated that these compounds specifically inhibit HAV RNA replication. More importantly, the most potent compounds B2 and B27 also showed clear inhibitory effects on two other HAV strains, KRM031 and TKM005, which also isolated from clinical patients. Our study is the first to report these newly designed flavonoid hybrids as lead compounds for the development of novel anti-HAV drugs.

Inhibitory Potential of New Phenolic Hydrazide-Hydrazones with a Decoy Substrate Fragment towards Laccase from a Phytopathogenic Fungus: SAR and Molecular Docking Studies

Laccase from pathogenic fungi participates in both the delignification and neutralization of phytoantibiotics. Furthermore, it interferes with the hormone signaling in plants and catalyzes melanization. Infections of these pathogens contribute to loss in forestry, agriculture, and horticulture. As there is still a need to expand knowledge on efficient defense strategies against phytopathogenic fungi, the present study aimed to reveal more information on the molecular mechanisms of laccase inhibition with natural and natural-like carboxylic acid semi-synthetic derivatives. A set of hydrazide-hydrazones derived from carboxylic acids, generally including electron-rich arene units that serve as a decoy substrate, was synthesized and tested with laccase from Trametes versicolor. The classic synthesis of the title inhibitors proceeded with good to almost quantitative yield. Ninety percent of the tested molecules were active in the range of K_I = 8–233 µM and showed different types of action. Such magnitude of inhibition constants qualified the hydrazide-hydrazones as strong laccase inhibitors. Molecular docking studies supporting the experimental data explained the selected derivatives’ interactions with the enzyme. The results are promising in developing new potential antifungal agents mitigating the damage scale in the plant cultivation, gardening, and horticulture sectors.

Synthesis, crystal growth, characterization and DFT investigation of a nonlinear optically active cuminaldehyde derivative hydrazone

Single crystals of (E)-N'-(4-isopropylbenzylidene)isonicotinohydrazide monohydrate (IBIHM) were grown from ethanol by the slow evaporation from solution growth technique at room temperature. The structure was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and crystallized in the orthorhombic system with noncentrosymmetric space group P2₁2₁2₁. Optical studies reveal that the absorption was minimum in the visible region and the band-gap energy was estimated using the Kubelka-Munk algorithm. The functional groups were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis. A scanning electron microscopy study revealed the surface morphology of the grown crystal. Investigation of the intermolecular interactions, crystal packing using Hirshfeld surface analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirm that the close contacts were associated with molecular interactions. Fingerprint plots of Hirshfeld surfaces are used to locate and analyze the percentage of hydrogen-bonding interactions. The second-harmonic generation efficiency of the grown specimen was superior to that of the reference material, potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The grown crystals were further characterized by mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Theoretical studies using density functional theory (DFT) greatly substantiated the experimental observations. Large first-order molecular hyperpolarizability (β) of about ∼70× was observed for IBIHM. The efficiency of IBIHM in terms of nonlinear optical response was verified and the molecule displayed greater chemical stability and reactivity.

Human Papillomavirus G-Rich Regions as Potential Antiviral Drug Targets

Herein, we report, for the first time, the screening of several ligands in terms of their ability to bind and stabilize G-quadruplexes (G4) found in seven human Papillomavirus (HPV) genomes. Using a variety of biophysical assays, HPV G-quadruplexes were shown to possess a high degree of structural polymorphism upon ligand binding, which may have an impact on transcription, replication, and viral protein production. A sequence found in high-risk HPV16 genotype folds into multiple non-canonical DNA structures; it was converted into a major G4 conformation upon interaction with a well-characterized highly selective G4 ligand, PhenDC3, which may have an impact on the viral infection. Likewise, HPV57 and 58, which fold into multiple G4 structures, were found to form single stable complexes in the presence of two other G4 ligands, C₈ and pyridostatin, respectively. In addition, one of the selected compounds, the acridine derivative C₈, demonstrated a significant antiviral effect in HPV18-infected organotypic raft cultures. Altogether, these results indicate that targeting HPV G4s may be an alternative route for the development of novel antiviral therapies.

Novel [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing hydrazone fragment as potent and selective anticancer agents

In this paper, based on molecular hybridization, a series of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing hydrazine was synthesized and their antiproliferative activities against 5 cancer cell lines (MGC-803, PC3, PC9, EC9706 and SMMC-7721) were evaluated. We found that most of them exhibited obvious growth inhibition effects on these tested cancer cells, especially compound 34 on PC3 cells (IC₅₀ = 26.25 ± 0.28 nM). Meanwhile, compound 34 displayed best selectivity on PC3, compared with the other cancer cell lines, as well as excellent selectivity towards normal cell lines (Het-1A, L02 and GES-1). Further investigations demonstrated that 34 could significantly inhibit PC3 cells' colony formation, increase cellular ROS content, suppress EGFR expression and induce apoptosis. Our findings indicate that 34 may serve as a novel lead compound for the discovery of more triazolopyrimidine derivatives with improved anticancer potency and selectivity.

New benzenesulphonohydrazide derivatives as potential antitumour agents

Cancer treatment remains a serious challenge worldwide. Thus, finding novel antitumour agents is of great importance. In the present study, nine new benzenesulphonohydrazide derivatives (1-9) were synthesized, and the chemical structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by spectral analysis methods, including IR, ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ¹³C NMR. Experimental lipophilicity values were established using reversed phase-high performance thin layer chromatography. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds was tested against three tumour cell lines (769-P, HepG2 and NCI-H2170) and one normal cell line (Vero). Among the newly developed molecules, compound 4 exhibited generally the highest cytotoxicity across all tumour cell lines, and it was highly selective. However, higher selectivity towards the tested cancer cell lines was observed using compound 2, when compared with compound 4, which also exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against these tumour cells. In 769-P cells, compounds 5 and 6 were the most selective among all tested compounds. Compound 5 exhibited high cytotoxicity with an estimated IC₅₀ value of 1.94 µM. In the NCI-H2170 cell line, compound 7 was the most cytotoxic and the most selective. In brief, the combination of fluorine and bromine substituents at the phenyl ring showed the most promising results, exerting high cytotoxicity and selectivity towards cancer cells. The renal adenocarcinoma cell line (769-P) appeared to be the most sensitive to the anticancer properties of the novel benzenesulphonohydrazones.

Synthesis, biological evaluation, theoretical investigations, docking study and ADME parameters of some 1,4-bisphenylhydrazone derivatives as potent antioxidant agents and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Five 1,4-bisphenylhydrazone derivatives (1-5) were successfully synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The antioxidant activity has been carried out using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and superoxide radical scavenging methods. All the compounds showed a very good antioxidant activity compared to that of the standards used. Compound 1 was found to be the best antioxidant agent with IC₅₀ values lower or comparable to that of the standards. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity has been evaluated using a modified Ellman's assay. The obtained results indicate that compound 2 is the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with a low IC₅₀ value comparable to that of the galantamine. In addition, DFT calculations have been performed to determine in which mechanism the synthesized hydrazones follow to scavenge free radicals. Molecular docking study was performed for compound 2, and its interaction modes with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase were determined. As a result, a strong interaction between this compound and the active site of AChE enzyme was revealed. Finally, ADME properties of the synthesized compounds were also studied and showed good drug-like properties.

New derivatives of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) induce apoptosis in breast and prostate cancers cells

A series of new 11-keto-β-boswellic acid were partially-synthesized by modifying the hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functional groups of ring A. The structures of the new analogs were confirmed by detailed spectral data analysis. Compounds 4, 5 and 9 exhibited potent anti-cancer results against two human tumor cancer cell lines having IC₅₀ value of MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate): 123.6, 9.6 and 88.94 μM and 9.6, 44.12 and 12.03 μM, respectively. Additionally, a maximum nuclear fragmentation was observed for 4 (78.44%) in AKBA treated cells after 24 hr followed by 5 and 9 with (74.25 and 66.9% respectively). This study suggests that the presence of hydrazone functionality (4 and 9) has effectively improved the potency of AKBA. Interestingly, compound 5 with a lost carboxylic acid group of ring A showed comparable potent activity. Highly selective AKBA requires further modification to improve its bioavailability and solubility inside the cancer cells.

Discovery of Pimprinine Alkaloids as Novel Agents against a Plant Virus

Plant viral diseases cause tremendous decreases in crop yield and quality. Natural products have always been a valuable source for lead discovery in medicinal and agricultural chemistry. A series of pimprinine alkaloids and their derivatives were prepared and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). The antiviral activities of these alkaloids against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were systematically investigated for the first time. Most of the compounds exhibited higher antiviral activities than ribavirin. Compounds 5l, 9h, and 10h, which had similar or higher antiviral activities than ningnanmycin (perhaps the most widely used antiviral agent at present), emerged as new antiviral pilot compounds. This systematic structure-activity-relationship research lays the foundation for simplifying the structure of these alkaloids. The ring-open products, acylhydrazones 9a-9u, were also found to possess good antiviral activities. Moreover, all the synthesized compounds displayed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. This study provides important information for the research and development of pimprinine alkaloids as novel antiviral agents.

Hydrazide-integrated carbazoles: synthesis, computational, anticancer and molecular docking studies

Novel carbazolylmethylene isonictinohydrazides have been synthesized as anticancer agents against pancreatic cancer cells.

Amino acids and peptides as reactants in multicomponent reactions: modification of peptides with heterocycle backbones through combinatorial chemistry

In this study, amino acids and peptides were used as reactants in a Hantzsch multicomponent reaction in order to synthesize new structurally diverse molecules containing these synthons. As well, an applicable strategy for modification of these natural molecules with heterocycle backbones such as pyrimidine, xanthene and acridine is introduced. Using this method, a set of new amino acid- and peptide-functionalized heterocycles were synthesized in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Furthermore, carbohydrates were used as substrates in the synthesis of some derivatives. Overall, this methodology allows the possibility of synthesis of large numbers of natural product-based libraries, using amino acids, peptides and carbohydrates through combinatorial chemistry.

Synthesis and fungicidal activity of phenylhydrazone derivatives containing two carbonic acid ester groups

Substituted phenylhydrazone moieties and two carbonate groups were merged in one molecule scaffold to obtain 48 novel compounds. ¹H and ¹³C NMR, MS, elemental analysis, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction were used to confirm their structures. Bioassay results revealed that some of the compounds have strong antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Colletotrichum capsici (especially Rhizoctonia solani). Compound 5H₁ is the most promising of the tested compounds against R. solani with an EC₅₀ value of 1.91 mg/L, which is comparable with the positive control fungicide drazoxolon (1.94 mg/L). The structure-activity relationships against R. solani formed three rules: 1) small carbonate groups may improve the antifungal activity of the title compounds; 2) electron-withdrawing groups at the phenyl ring of phenylhydrazone are preferable to their non-substituted counterparts; and 3) halogen at the para position is more beneficial than at the ortho or meta position.

Synthesis, Antiphospholipase A₂, Antiprotease, Antibacterial Evaluation and Molecular Docking Analysis of Certain Novel Hydrazones

Some novel hydrazone derivatives 6a–o were synthesized from the key intermediate 4-Chloro-N-(2-hydrazinocarbonyl-phenyl)-benzamide 5 and characterized using IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The inhibitory potential against two secretory phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂), three protease enzymes and eleven bacterial strains were evaluated. The results revealed that all compounds showed preferential inhibition towards hGIIA isoform of sPLA₂ rather than DrG-IB with compounds 6l and 6e being the most active. The tested compounds exhibited excellent antiprotease activity against proteinase K and protease from Bacillus sp. with compound 6l being the most active against both enzymes. Furthermore, the maximum zones of inhibition against bacterial growth were exhibited by compounds; 6a, 6m, and 6o against P. aeruginosa; 6a, 6b, 6d, 6f, 6l, 6m, 6n, and 6o against Serratia; 6k against S. mutans; and compounds 6a, 6d, 6e, 6m, and 6n against E. feacalis. The docking simulations of hydrazones 6a–o with GIIA sPLA₂, proteinase K and hydrazones 6a–e with glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase were performed to obtain information regarding the mechanism of action.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Cancer Activity of Some New N'-(2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-propylpentane hydrazide-hydrazones Derivatives

Eight novel N'-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-propylpentane hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives 4a-h were synthesized and fully characterized by IR, NMR ((1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR), elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The cyto-toxicity and in vitro anti-cancer evaluation of the prepared compounds have been assessed against two different human tumour cell lines including human liver (HepG2) and leukaemia (Jurkat), as well as in normal cell lines derived from human embryonic kidney (HEK293) using MTT assay. The compounds 3e, 3f, 4a, 4c, and 4e revealed promising anti-cancer activities in tested human tumour cells lines (IC50 values between 3 and 7 μM) as compared to the known anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil (IC50 32-50 μM). Among the tested compounds, 4a showed specificity against leukaemia (Jurkat) cells, with an IC50 value of 3.14 μM, but this compound was inactive in liver cancer and normal cell lines.

Synthesis, computational and spectroscopic analysis on (E)-(4-(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)-3-methyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidine-1-yl)(phenyl)methanone using DFT approach

(E)-(4-(2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)-3-methyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-1-yl)(phenyl)methanone [EPHDPM] and its derivatives were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and elemental analysis. The target compound [EPHDPM] was computed using density functional theory (DFT) method. The ground-state molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies were calculated by using B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level of theory. The experimentally observed FT-IR and FT-Raman bands were assigned to different normal modes of the molecule. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule were also studied by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The HOMO-LUMO energies describe the charge transfer takes place within the molecule. Molecular electrostatic potential has been analyzed. The reported EPHDPM molecule used as a potential NLO material since it has high μβ0 value. Thermodynamic parameter like entropy and enthalpy are calculated and these values are increased with increasing the temperature due to the enhancement of vibrational intensities.

One pot synthesis of acridine analogues from 1,2-diols as key reagents

Lead tetraacetate is an efficient reagent for the one pot synthesis of acridines from a variety of 1,2-diols, dimedone and ammonium acetate.