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Kubota-Sakashita M, Kawakami H, Kikuzato K, Shirai F, Nakamura T, Kato T. An ex vivo screening using mouse brain mitochondria identified seco-cycline D as an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149253. [PMID: 38043196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and thereby enhancement of mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC) is a promising treatment strategy. Here, we screened 1718 compounds to search for drug candidates inhibiting mPTP by measuring their effects on CRC in mitochondria isolated from mouse brains. We identified seco-cycline D (SCD) as an active compound. SCD and its derivative were more potent than a known mPTP inhibitor, cyclosporine A (CsA). The mechanism of action of SCD was suggested likely to be different from CsA that acts on cyclophilin D. Repeated administration of SCD decreased ischemic area in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in mice. These results suggest that SCD is a useful probe to explore mPTP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Kubota-Sakashita
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Drug Discovery Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Hirochika Kawakami
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Drug Discovery Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ko Kikuzato
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Shirai
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takemichi Nakamura
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Khan SA, Akhtar MJ, Gogoi U, Meenakshi DU, Das A. An Overview of 1,2,3-triazole-Containing Hybrids and Their Potential Anticholinesterase Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:179. [PMID: 37259329 PMCID: PMC9961747 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter of the cholinergic system in the brain is involved in learning, memory, stress responses, and cognitive functioning. It is hydrolyzed into choline and acetic acid by two key cholinesterase enzymes, viz., acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). A loss or degeneration of cholinergic neurons that leads to a reduction in ACh levels is considered a significant contributing factor in the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Numerous studies have shown that cholinesterase inhibitors can raise the level of ACh and, therefore, enhance people's quality of life, and, at the very least, it can temporarily lessen the symptoms of NDs. 1,2,3-triazole, a five-membered heterocyclic ring, is a privileged moiety, that is, a central scaffold, and is capable of interacting with a variety of receptors and enzymes to exhibit a broad range of important biological activities. Recently, it has been clubbed with other pharmacophoric fragments/molecules in hope of obtaining potent and selective AChE and/or BuChE inhibitors. The present updated review succinctly summarizes the different synthetic strategies used to synthesize the 1,2,3-triazole moiety. It also highlights the anticholinesterase potential of various 1,2,3-triazole di/trihybrids reported in the past seven years (2015-2022), including a rationale for hybridization and with an emphasis on their structural features for the development and optimization of cholinesterase inhibitors to treat NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat 130, Oman
| | | | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India
| | | | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, India
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3
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Peterson AA, Rangwala AM, Thakur MK, Ward PS, Hung C, Outhwaite IR, Chan AI, Usanov DL, Mootha VK, Seeliger MA, Liu DR. Discovery and molecular basis of subtype-selective cyclophilin inhibitors. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:1184-1195. [PMID: 36163383 PMCID: PMC9596378 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although cyclophilins are attractive targets for probing biology and therapeutic intervention, no subtype-selective cyclophilin inhibitors have been described. We discovered novel cyclophilin inhibitors from the in vitro selection of a DNA-templated library of 256,000 drug-like macrocycles for cyclophilin D (CypD) affinity. Iterated macrocycle engineering guided by ten X-ray co-crystal structures yielded potent and selective inhibitors (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 10 nM) that bind the active site of CypD and also make novel interactions with non-conserved residues in the S2 pocket, an adjacent exo-site. The resulting macrocycles inhibit CypD activity with 21- to >10,000-fold selectivity over other cyclophilins and inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in isolated mitochondria. We further exploited S2 pocket interactions to develop the first cyclophilin E (CypE)-selective inhibitor, which forms a reversible covalent bond with a CypE S2 pocket lysine, and exhibits 30- to >4,000-fold selectivity over other cyclophilins. These findings reveal a strategy to generate isoform-selective small-molecule cyclophilin modulators, advancing their suitability as targets for biological investigation and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Peterson
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aziz M Rangwala
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Manish K Thakur
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Patrick S Ward
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christie Hung
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ian R Outhwaite
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alix I Chan
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dmitry L Usanov
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus A Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - David R Liu
- Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Haleckova A, Benek O, Zemanová L, Dolezal R, Musilek K. Small-molecule inhibitors of cyclophilin D as potential therapeutics in mitochondria-related diseases. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1822-1855. [PMID: 35575048 DOI: 10.1002/med.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a key regulator of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. This pathophysiological phenomenon is associated with the development of several human diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. Blocking mPTP opening through CypD inhibition could be a novel and promising therapeutic approach for these conditions. While numerous CypD inhibitors have been discovered to date, none have been introduced into clinical practice, mostly owing to their high toxicity, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, and low selectivity for CypD over other cyclophilins. This review summarizes current knowledge of CypD inhibitors, with a particular focus on small-molecule compounds with regard to their in vitro activity, their selectivity for CypD, and their binding mode within the enzyme's active site. Finally, approaches for improving the molecular design of CypD inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Haleckova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Zemanová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Haghighijoo Z, Zamani L, Moosavi F, Emami S. Therapeutic potential of quinazoline derivatives for Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113949. [PMID: 34742016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinazolines are considered as a promising class of bioactive heterocyclic compounds with broad properties. Particularly, the quinazoline scaffold has an impressive role in the design and synthesis of new CNS-active drugs. The drug-like properties and pharmacological characteristics of quinazoline could lead to different drugs with various targets. Among CNS disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with memory loss, cognitive decline and language dysfunction. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease therefore, the need for finding multi-target drugs against this devastative disease is urgent. A literature survey revealed that quinazoline derivatives have diverse therapeutic potential for AD as modulators/inhibitors of β-amyloid, tau protein, cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases, and phosphodiesterases as well as other protective effects. Thus, we describe here the most relevant and recent studies about anti-AD agents with quinazoline structure which can further aid the development and discovery of new anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Haghighijoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Leila Zamani
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Overexpression of Neuroglobin Promotes Energy Metabolism and Autophagy Induction in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123394. [PMID: 34943907 PMCID: PMC8699457 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin (NGB) is an O2-binding globin mainly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and cerebrospinal fluid. Previously, it was demonstrated that NGB overexpression protects cells from hypoxia-induced death. To investigate processes promoted by NGB overexpression, we used a cellular model of neuroblastoma stably overexpressing an NGB-FLAG construct. We used a proteomic approach to identify the specific profile following NGB overexpression. To evaluate the role of NGB overexpression in increasing energetic metabolism, we measured oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the extracellular acidification rate through Seahorse XF technology. The effect on autophagy induction was evaluated by analyzing SQSTM1/p62 and LC3-II expression. Proteomic analysis revealed several differentially regulated proteins, involved in oxidative phosphorylation and integral mitochondrial proteins linked to energy metabolism. The analysis of mitochondrial metabolism demonstrated that NGB overexpression increases mitochondrial ATP production. Indeed, NGB overexpression enhances bioenergetic metabolism, increasing OCR and oxygen consumption. Analysis of autophagy induction revealed an increase of LC3-II together with a significant decrease of SQSTM1/p62, and NGB-LC3-II association during autophagosome formation. These results highlight the active participation of NGB in several cellular processes that can be upregulated in response to NGB overexpression, playing a role in the adaptive response to stress in neuroblastoma cells.
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Elkamhawy A, Kim HJ, Elsherbeny MH, Paik S, Park JH, Gotina L, Abdellattif MH, Gouda NA, Cho J, Lee K, Nim Pae A, Park KD, Roh EJ. Discovery of 3,4-dichloro-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)benzamide: A highly potent, selective, and competitive hMAO-B inhibitor with high BBB permeability profile and neuroprotective action. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105352. [PMID: 34562673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since there is no disease-modifying treatment discovered yet for Parkinson's disease (PD), there is still a vital need to develop novel selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors as promising therapeutically active candidates for PD patients. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and full characterization of new twenty-six indole derivatives as potential human MAO-B (hMAO-B) selective inhibitors. Six compounds (2i, 3b-e, and 5) exhibited low micromolar to nanomolar inhibitory activities over hMAO-B; compared to our recently reported N-substituted indole-based lead compound VIII (hMAO-B IC50 = 777 nM), compound 5 (3,4-dichloro-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)benzamide) exhibited 18-fold increase in potency (IC50 = 42 nM). A selectivity study over hMAO-A revealed an excellent selectivity index of compound 5 (SI > 2375) with a 47-fold increase compared to rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50). A further kinetic evaluation of compound 5 over hMAO-B showed a reversible and competitive mode of inhibition with Ki value of 7 nM. Highly effective permeability and high CNS bioavailability of compound 5 with Pe = 54.49 × 10-6 cm/s were demonstrated. Compound 5 also exhibited a low cytotoxicity profile and a promising neuroprotective effect against the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell damage in PC12 cells, which was more effective than that of rasagiline. Docking simulations on both hMAO-B and hMAO-A supported the in vitro data and served as further molecular evidence. Accordingly, we report the discovery of compound 5 as one of the most potent indole-based MAO-B inhibitors to date which is noteworthy to be further evaluated as a promising agent for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed H Elsherbeny
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha A Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Le-Nhat-Thuy G, Nguyen Thi N, Pham-The H, Dang Thi TA, Nguyen Thi H, Nguyen Thi TH, Nguyen Hoang S, Nguyen TV. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinazoline-triazole hybrid compounds with potential use in Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease and has become a major socioeconomic issue in many developed countries. Currently available therapeutic agents for AD provide only symptomatic treatments, mainly because the complete mechanism of the AD pathogenesis is still unclear. Although several different hypotheses have been proposed, mitochondrial dysfunction has gathered interest because of its profound effect on brain bioenergetics and neuronal survival in the pathophysiology of AD. Various therapeutic agents targeting the mitochondrial pathways associated with AD have been developed over the past decade. Although most of these agents are still early in the clinical development process, they are used to restore mitochondrial function, which provides an alternative therapeutic strategy that is likely to slow the progression of the disease. In this mini review, we will survey the AD-related mitochondrial pathways and their small-molecule modulators that have therapeutic potential. We will focus on recently reported examples, and also overview the current challenges and future perspectives of ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
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10
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Lim JW, Lee J, Pae AN. Mitochondrial dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease: prospects for therapeutic intervention. BMB Rep 2020; 53:47-55. [PMID: 31818365 PMCID: PMC6999825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease and has become a major socioeconomic issue in many developed countries. Currently available therapeutic agents for AD provide only symptomatic treatments, mainly because the complete mechanism of the AD pathogenesis is still unclear. Although several different hypotheses have been proposed, mitochondrial dysfunction has gathered interest because of its profound effect on brain bioenergetics and neuronal survival in the pathophysiology of AD. Various therapeutic agents targeting the mitochondrial pathways associated with AD have been developed over the past decade. Although most of these agents are still early in the clinical development process, they are used to restore mitochondrial function, which provides an alternative therapeutic strategy that is likely to slow the progression of the disease. In this mini review, we will survey the AD-related mitochondrial pathways and their small-molecule modulators that have therapeutic potential. We will focus on recently reported examples, and also overview the current challenges and future perspectives of ongoing research. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(1): 47-55].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133,
Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
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Abstract
The urea functionality is inherent to numerous bioactive compounds, including a variety of clinically approved therapies. Urea containing compounds are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry and drug design in order to establish key drug-target interactions and fine-tune crucial drug-like properties. In this perspective, we highlight physicochemical and conformational properties of urea derivatives. We provide outlines of traditional reagents and chemical procedures for the preparation of ureas. Also, we discuss newly developed methodologies mainly aimed at overcoming safety issues associated with traditional synthesis. Finally, we provide a broad overview of urea-based medicinally relevant compounds, ranging from approved drugs to recent medicinal chemistry developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Excellence of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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12
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Screening of the Active Component Promoting Leydig Cell Proliferation from Lepidium meyenii Using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112101. [PMID: 31163647 PMCID: PMC6600484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii is now widely consumed as a functional food and medicinal product, which is known as an enhancer of reproductive health. However, the specific chemical composition and mechanism of action for improving sexual function are unclear. The present study aims at screening and determining the potential compounds, which promote mouse leydig cells (TM3) proliferation. The partial least squares analysis (PLS) was employed to reveal the correlation between common peaks of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of L. meyenii and the proliferation activity of TM3. The results suggested that three compounds had good activities on the proliferation of TM3 and promoting testosterone secretion, there were N-benzyl-hexadecanamide, N-benzyl-(9z,12z)-octadecadienamide and N-benzyl-(9z,12z,15z)-octadecatrienamide which might be the potential bioactive markers related to the enhancing sexual ability functions of L. meyenii. The first step in testosterone synthesis is the transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria, and the homeostasis of mitochondrial function is related to cyclophilin D (CypD). In order to expound how bioactive ingredients lead to promoting testosterone secretion, a molecular docking simulation was used for further illustration in the active sites and binding degree of the ligands on CypD. The results indicated there was a positive correlation between the binding energy absolute value and testosterone secretion activity. In addition, in this study it also provided the reference for a simple, quick method to screen the promoting leydig cell proliferation active components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Šileikytė J, Forte M. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Mitochondrial Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3403075. [PMID: 31191798 PMCID: PMC6525910 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3403075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), a (patho)physiological phenomenon discovered over 40 years ago, is still not completely understood. PTP activation results in a formation of a nonspecific channel within the inner mitochondrial membrane with an exclusion size of 1.5 kDa. PTP openings can be transient and are thought to serve a physiological role to allow quick Ca2+ release and/or metabolite exchange between mitochondrial matrix and cytosol or long-lasting openings that are associated with pathological conditions. While matrix Ca2+ and oxidative stress are crucial in its activation, the consequence of prolonged PTP opening is dissipation of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential, cessation of ATP synthesis, bioenergetic crisis, and cell death-a primary characteristic of mitochondrial disorders. PTP involvement in mitochondrial and cellular demise in a variety of disease paradigms has been long appreciated, yet the exact molecular entity of the PTP and the development of potent and specific PTP inhibitors remain areas of active investigation. In this review, we will (i) summarize recent advances made in elucidating the molecular nature of the PTP focusing on evidence pointing to mitochondrial FoF1-ATP synthase, (ii) summarize studies aimed at discovering novel PTP inhibitors, and (iii) review data supporting compromised PTP activity in specific mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Šileikytė
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael Forte
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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14
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Maddali NK, Viswanath* IVK, Murthy* YLN, Bera R, Takhi M, Rao NS, Gudla V. Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of quinazolin-4-ones linked to 1,2,3-triazol hybrids as Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv inhibitors besides antimicrobial activity. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Pyrazinyl ureas revisited: 1-(3-(Benzyloxy)pyrazin-2-yl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, a new blocker of Aβ-induced mPTP opening for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:268-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Kalani K, Yan SF, Yan SS. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a potential drug target for neurodegeneration. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1983-1989. [PMID: 30081095 PMCID: PMC6449145 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) has been considered a key contributor to cell death, inducing the process in several major neurodegenerative diseases. To date, the molecular nature of the mPTP remains confounding but its significance is universally acknowledged. Several targets have been screened and inhibition of mPTP has emerged as an attractive field for researchers. Nowadays, in silico-directed studies help to explore new small molecules targeting the mPTP to improve their drug-like properties and bioactivity. Here, we briefly summarize the role of mPTP in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD), and discusses current and future potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kalani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shi Fang Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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17
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Beneficial Effect of Silymarin in Pressure Overload Induced Experimental Cardiac Hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 19:23-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Gálvez J, Polo S, Insuasty B, Gutiérrez M, Cáceres D, Alzate-Morales JH, De-la-Torre P, Quiroga J. Design, facile synthesis, and evaluation of novel spiro- and pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as cholinesterase inhibitors: Molecular docking and MM/GBSA studies. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 74:218-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Kim T, Son WS, Morshed MN, Londhe AM, Jung SY, Park JH, Park WK, Lim SM, Park KD, Cho SJ, Jeong KS, Lee J, Pae AN. Discovery of thienopyrrolotriazine derivatives to protect mitochondrial function against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:240-256. [PMID: 29031071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of mitochondrial dysfunction has gained increasing attention as an alternative therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggested that the 18 kDa mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) has the potential to serve as a drug target for the treatment of AD. In this study, we generated a structure-based pharmacophore model and virtually screened a commercial library, identifying SVH07 as a virtual hit, which contained a tricyclic core structure, thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,2,4]triazine group. A series of SVH07 analogues were synthesized and their effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production were determined by using neuronal cells under Aβ-induced toxicity. Among these analogues, compound 26 significantly recovered mitochondrial membrane depolarization and ATP production. In vitro binding assays indicated that SVH07 and 26 showed high affinities to TSPO with the IC50 values in a nanomolar range. We believe that compound 26 is a promising lead compound for the development of TSPO-targeted mitochondrial functional modulators with therapeutic potential in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeHun Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seung Son
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Neaz Morshed
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Center for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ashwini M Londhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kyu Park
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Gajeong-ro 141, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lim
- Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34113, Republic of Korea; Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14- gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Advances toward multifunctional cholinesterase and β-amyloid aggregation inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1835-1854. [PMID: 28925729 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a multitarget design approach in the development of new potential anti-Alzheimer's disease agents has resulted in the discovery of many multifunctional compounds focusing on various targets. Among them the largest group comprises inhibitors of both cholinesterases, with additional anti-β-amyloid aggregation activity. This review describes recent advances in this research area and presents the most interesting compounds reported over a 2-year span (2015-2016). The majority of hybrids possess heterodimeric structures obtained by linking structurally active fragments interacting with different targets. Multipotent cholinesterase inhibitors with β-amyloid antiaggregating activity may additionally possess antioxidative, neuroprotective or metal-chelating properties or less common features such as anti-β-secretase or τ-antiaggregation activity.
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21
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Korábečný J, Nepovimová E, Cikánková T, Špilovská K, Vašková L, Mezeiová E, Kuča K, Hroudová J. Newly Developed Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease in Relation to Energy Metabolism, Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Neurotransmission. Neuroscience 2017; 370:191-206. [PMID: 28673719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current options for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment are based on administration of cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) and/or memantine, acting as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). Therapeutic approaches vary and include novel cholinesterase inhibitors, modulators of NMDA receptors, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, immunotherapeutics, modulators of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP), amyloid-beta binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) modulators, antioxidant agents, etc. The novel trends of AD therapy are focused on multiple targeted ligands, where mostly ChE inhibition is combined with additional biological properties, positively affecting neuronal energy metabolism as well as mitochondrial functions, and possessing antioxidant properties. The present review summarizes newly developed drugs targeting cholinesterase and MAO, as well as drugs affecting mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimová
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Cikánková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Špilovská
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Třebešská 1575, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vašková
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiová
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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22
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Kim T, Yang HY, Park BG, Jung SY, Park JH, Park KD, Min SJ, Tae J, Yang H, Cho S, Cho SJ, Song H, Mook-Jung I, Lee J, Pae AN. Discovery of benzimidazole derivatives as modulators of mitochondrial function: A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:1172-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Mohamed T, Rao PPN. 2,4-Disubstituted quinazolines as amyloid-β aggregation inhibitors with dual cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant properties: Development and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:823-843. [PMID: 27951490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A library of fifty-seven 2,4-disubstituted quinazoline derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as a novel class of multi-targeting agents to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biological assay results demonstrate the ability of several quinazoline derivatives to inhibit both acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase (AChE and BuChE) enzymes (IC50 range = 1.6-30.5 μM), prevent beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation (IC50 range 270 nM-16.7 μM) and exhibit antioxidant properties (34-63.4% inhibition at 50 μM). Compound 9 (N2-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-N4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)quinazoline-2,4-diamine) was identified as a dual inhibitor of cholinesterases (AChE IC50 = 2.1 μM; BuChE IC50 = 8.3 μM) and exhibited good inhibition of Aβ aggregation (Aβ40 IC50 = 2.3 μM). Compound 15b (4-(benzylamino)quinazolin-2-ol) was the most potent Aβ aggregation inhibitor (Aβ40 IC50 = 270 nM) and was ∼4 and 1.4-fold more potent compared to the reference agents curcumin and resveratrol. These comprehensive structure activity-relationship (SAR) studies demonstrate the application of a 2,4-disubstituted quinazoline ring as a suitable template to develop multi-targeting agents to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Praveen P N Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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24
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Lee J. Mitochondrial drug targets in neurodegenerative diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:714-720. [PMID: 26806044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is the main culprit in neurodegenerative diseases. Given the fact that mitochondria participate in diverse cellular processes, including energetics, metabolism, and death, the consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells are inevitable. In fact, new strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction are emerging as potential alternatives to current treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on mitochondrial proteins that are directly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We also examine recently identified small molecule modulators of these mitochondrial targets and assess their potential in research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul 142-732, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Progress in drug development for Alzheimer's disease: An overview in relation to mitochondrial energy metabolism. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:774-784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Marinho E, Proença MF. Acid catalyzed synthesis of 2-(2-aminophenyl)quinazoline-4-amine and reaction with aromatic aldehydes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19785f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrochloride salt of 2-(2-aminophenyl)quinazoline-4-amine, prepared from a quinazolino[3,4-a]quinazoline, was reacted with aromatic aldehydes under conventional heating or microwave irradiation, leading to tetracyclic dihydroquinazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Marinho
- Chemistry Department
- University of Minho
- Campus de Gualtar
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
| | - M. Fernanda Proença
- Chemistry Department
- University of Minho
- Campus de Gualtar
- 4710-057 Braga
- Portugal
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27
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Elkamhawy A, Viswanath ANI, Pae AN, Kim HY, Heo JC, Park WK, Lee CO, Yang H, Kim KH, Nam DH, Seol HJ, Cho H, Roh EJ. Discovery of potent and selective cytotoxic activity of new quinazoline-ureas against TMZ-resistant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:210-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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Elkamhawy A, Park JE, Cho NC, Sim T, Pae AN, Roh EJ. Discovery of a broad spectrum antiproliferative agent with selectivity for DDR1 kinase: cell line-based assay, kinase panel, molecular docking, and toxicity studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:158-66. [PMID: 25807298 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1004057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report compound KST9046, a new agent possessing quinazoline-urea scaffold. Preliminary biological evaluation done by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, showed a great inhibitory effect of KST9046 over the 60 cell-line tumor panel. Accordingly, it was selected for a dose-response assay; a broad spectrum antiproliferative activity with GI(50) ranging from 1.3 to 3.9 µM was exerted. To explore a potential kinase inhibitory effect, KST9046 was applied at a single dose of 10 µM against a kinase panel of 347 different enzymes representing >50% of the predicted human protein kinome. Interestingly, selective inhibition of 76% was observed on DDR1 kinase. Further, KST9046 showed an IC(50) value of 4.38 µM for DDR1. A molecular docking model presented KST9046 as a potential type III inhibitor for DDR1 kinase with an allosteric mode of interaction, which may offer an explanation for its selectivity. As further investigation, CYP450 assay was carried out for KST9046, it showed a promising toxicity profile against four different isoforms. Based on these findings, KST9046 can be further evaluated as a promising safe new hit for the development of broad spectrum anticancer agents with a selectivity for DDR1 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- a Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , South Korea .,b Department of Biological Chemistry , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- a Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Nam-Chul Cho
- c Center of Neuromedicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , South Korea .,d Department of Biotechnology , Yonsei University , Seoul , South Korea , and
| | - Taebo Sim
- a Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , South Korea .,b Department of Biological Chemistry , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea .,e KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- c Center of Neuromedicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- a Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul , South Korea .,b Department of Biological Chemistry , Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon , South Korea
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29
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Venkatesh R, Ramaiah MJ, Gaikwad HK, Janardhan S, Bantu R, Nagarapu L, Sastry GN, Ganesh AR, Bhadra M. Luotonin-A based quinazolinones cause apoptosis and senescence via HDAC inhibition and activation of tumor suppressor proteins in HeLa cells. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 94:87-101. [PMID: 25757092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel quinazolinone hybrids were synthesized by employing click chemistry and evaluated for anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7, HeLa and K562 cell lines. Among these cell lines, HeLa cells were found to respond effectively to these quinazolinone hybrids with IC50 values ranging from 5.94 to 16.45 μM. Some of the hybrids (4q, 4r, 4e, 4k, 4t, 4w) with promising anti-cancer activity were further investigated for their effects on the cell cycle distribution. FACS analysis revealed the G1 cell cycle arrest nature of these hybrids. Further to assess the senescence inducing ability of these compounds, a senescence associated β-gal assay was performed. The senescence inducing nature of these compounds was supported by the effect of hybrid (4q) on p16 promoter activity, the marker for senescence. Moreover, cells treated with most effective compound (4q) show up-regulation of p53, p21 and down-regulation of HDAC-1, HDAC-2, HDAC-5 and EZH2 mRNA levels. Docking results suggest that, the triazole nitrogen showed Zn(+2) mediated interactions with the histidine residue of HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramineni Venkatesh
- Organic Chemistry Division II, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - M Janaki Ramaiah
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Hanmant K Gaikwad
- Organic Chemistry Division II, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sridhara Janardhan
- Centre for Molecular Modeling, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Rajashaker Bantu
- Organic Chemistry Division II, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Lingaiah Nagarapu
- Organic Chemistry Division II, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - G Narahari Sastry
- Centre for Molecular Modeling, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - A Raksha Ganesh
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Manikapal Bhadra
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India
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