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Rana HK, Singh AK, Kumar R, Pandey AK. Antitubercular drugs: possible role of natural products acting as antituberculosis medication in overcoming drug resistance and drug-induced hepatotoxicity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1251-1273. [PMID: 37665346 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a pathogenic bacterium which causes tuberculosis (TB). TB control programmes are facing threats from drug resistance. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains need longer and more expensive treatment with many medications resulting in more adverse effects and decreased chances of treatment outcomes. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasised the development of not just new individual anti-TB drugs, but also novel medication regimens as an alternative treatment option for the drug-resistant Mtb strains. Many plants, as well as marine creatures (sponge; Haliclona sp.) and fungi, have been continuously used to treat TB in various traditional treatment systems around the world, providing an almost limitless supply of active components. Natural products, in addition to their anti-mycobacterial action, can be used as adjuvant therapy to increase the efficacy of conventional anti-mycobacterial medications, reduce their side effects, and reverse MDR Mtb strain due to Mycobacterium's genetic flexibility and environmental adaptation. Several natural compounds such as quercetin, ursolic acid, berberine, thymoquinone, curcumin, phloretin, and propolis have shown potential anti-mycobacterial efficacy and are still being explored in preclinical and clinical investigations for confirmation of their efficacy and safety as anti-TB medication. However, more high-level randomized clinical trials are desperately required. The current review provides an overview of drug-resistant TB along with the latest anti-TB medications, drug-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. Further, the role and mechanisms of action of first and second-line anti-TB drugs and new drugs have been highlighted. Finally, the role of natural compounds as anti-TB medication and hepatoprotectants have been described and their mechanisms discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Zoology, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, 229001, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Botany, BMK Government. Girls College, Balod, Chhattisgarh, 491226, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj (Allahabad), 211002, India.
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2
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Purakkel U, Praveena G, Madabhushi VY, Jadav SS, Prakasham RS, Dasugari Varakala SG, Sriram D, Blanch EW, Maniam S. Thiazolotriazoles As Anti-infectives: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and In Silico Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8846-8861. [PMID: 38434818 PMCID: PMC10905600 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The rational design of novel thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazole derivatives was carried out based on previously identified antitubercular hit molecule H127 for discovering potent compounds showing antimicrobial activity. The designed compounds were screened for their binding efficacies against the antibacterial drug target enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, followed by prediction of drug-likeness and ADME properties. The designed analogues were chemically synthesized, characterized by spectroscopic techniques, followed by evaluation of antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains, as well as antitubercular activity against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis strains. Among the synthesized compounds, five compounds, 10, 11, 35, 37 and 38, revealed antimicrobial activity, albeit with differential potency against various microbial strains. Compounds 10 and 37 were the most active against S. mutans (MIC: 8 μg/mL), while compounds 11 and 37 showed the highest activity against B. subtillis (MIC: 16 μg/mL), whereas compounds 10, 11 and 37 displayed activities against E. coli (MIC: 16 μg/mL). Meanwhile, compounds 10 and 35 depicted activities against S. typhi (MIC: 16 μg/mL) and compound 10 showed antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC: 32 μg/mL). The current study has identified two broad-spectrum antibacterial hit compounds (10 and 37). Further structural investigation on these molecules is underway to enhance their potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umadevi
Kizhakke Purakkel
- Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Organic
Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ganji Praveena
- Organic
Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Valli Y. Madabhushi
- Organic
Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Department
of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Reddy Shetty Prakasham
- Organic
Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department
of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology
& Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Ewan W. Blanch
- Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Subashani Maniam
- Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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3
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Kelam LM, Wani MA, Dhaked DK. An update on ATP synthase inhibitors: A unique target for drug development in M. tuberculosis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:87-104. [PMID: 37105260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
ATP synthase is a key protein in the oxidative phosphorylation process, as it aids in the effective production of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) in all life's of kingdoms. ATP synthases have distinctive properties that contribute to efficient ATP synthesis. The ATP synthase of mycobacterium is of special relevance since it has been identified as a target for potential anti-TB molecules, especially Bedaquiline (BDQ). Better knowledge of how mycobacterial ATP synthase functions and its peculiar characteristics will aid in our understanding of bacterial energy metabolism adaptations. Furthermore, identifying and understanding the important distinctions between human ATP synthase and bacterial ATP synthase may provide insight into the design and development of inhibitors that target specific ATP synthase. In recent years, many potential candidates targeting the ATP synthase of mycobacterium have been developed. In this review, we discuss the druggable targets of the Electron transport chain (ETC) and recently identified potent inhibitors (including clinical molecules) from 2015 to 2022 of diverse classes that target ATP synthase of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Mounika Kelam
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Devendra K Dhaked
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India.
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4
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Qahtan MQM, Bakhite EA, Kumari J, M Sayed A, Kandeel M, Sriram D, Abdu-Allah HHM. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of some new 4-aminosalicylic acid derivatives as anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106344. [PMID: 36669356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, new derivatives of the antitubercular and anti-inflammatory drug, 4-aminosaliclic acids (4-ASA) were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for these activities. In vivo and in viro evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity revealed that compounds 10, 19 and 20 are the most active with potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipooxgenase (5-LOX) inhibition and without causing gasric lesions. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the newly synthesized compound were, also, measured against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV. Among the tested compounds 17, 19 and 20 exhibited significant activities against the growth of M. tuberculosis. 20 is the most potent with (MIC 1.04 µM) 2.5 folds more potent than the parent drug 4-ASA. 20 displayed low cytotoxicity against normal cell providing a high therapeutic index. Important structure features were analyzed by docking and structure-activity relationship analysis to give better insights into the structural determinants for predicting the anti-inflammatory and anti-TB activities. Our results indicated that compounds 19 and 20 are potential lead compounds for the discovery of dual anti-inflammatory and anti-TB drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Q M Qahtan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Etify A Bakhite
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Jyothi Kumari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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A Comprehensive Overview of the Antibiotics Approved in the Last Two Decades: Retrospects and Prospects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041762. [PMID: 36838752 PMCID: PMC9962477 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the overuse of antibiotics, bacterial resistance has markedly increased to become a global problem and a major threat to human health. Fortunately, in recent years, various new antibiotics have been developed through both improvements to traditional antibiotics and the discovery of antibiotics with novel mechanisms with the aim of addressing the decrease in the efficacy of traditional antibiotics. This manuscript reviews the antibiotics that have been approved for marketing in the last 20 years with an emphasis on the antibacterial properties, mechanisms, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and clinical safety of these antibiotics. Furthermore, the current deficiencies, opportunities for improvement, and prospects of antibiotics are thoroughly discussed to provide new insights for the design and development of safer and more potent antibiotics.
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6
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Wani MA, Dhaked DK. Targeting the cytochrome bc 1 complex for drug development in M. tuberculosis: review. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2949-2965. [PMID: 34762234 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The terminal oxidases of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway play a significant role in the survival and growth of M. tuberculosis, targeting these components lead to inhibition of M. tuberculosis. Many drug candidates targeting various components of the electron transport chain in M. tuberculosis have recently been discovered. The cytochrome bc1-aa3 supercomplex is one of the most important components of the electron transport chain in M. tuberculosis, and it has emerged as the novel target for several promising candidates. There are two cryo-electron microscopy structures (PDB IDs: 6ADQ and 6HWH) of the cytochrome bc1-aa3 supercomplex that aid in the development of effective and potent inhibitors for M. tuberculosis. In recent years, a number of potential candidates targeting the QcrB subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex have been developed. In this review, we describe the recently identified inhibitors that target the electron transport chain's terminal oxidase enzyme in M. tuberculosis, specifically the QcrB subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Dhaked
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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7
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Stephanie F, Saragih M, Tambunan USF. Recent Progress and Challenges for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050592. [PMID: 33919204 PMCID: PMC8143172 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection continues to be an issue, particularly in countries with a high tuberculosis (TB) burden in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. The effort to reduce the catastrophic cost of TB with the WHO’s End TB Strategy in 2035 is still obstructed by the emergence of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) cases as result of various mutations of the MTB strain. In the approach to combat DR-TB, several potential antitubercular agents were discovered as inhibitors for various existing and novel targets. Host-directed therapy and immunotherapy also gained attention as the drug-susceptibility level of the pathogen can be reduced due to the pathogen’s evolutionary dynamics. This review is focused on the current progress and challenges in DR-TB treatment. We briefly summarized antitubercular compounds that are under development and trials for both DR-TB drug candidates and host-directed therapy. We also highlighted several problems in DR-TB diagnosis, the treatment regimen, and drug discovery that have an impact on treatment adherence and treatment failure.
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8
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Kareem AI, Malan SF, Joubert J. Radical Releasing Anti-Tuberculosis Agents and the Treatment of Mycobacterial Tuberculosis Infections - An Overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:387-407. [PMID: 33605858 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210219161045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The treatment and management of tuberculosis (TB) is a major global concern. Approved drugs for the treatment of TB to date displayed various modes of action which can be grouped into radical releasing and non-radical releasing anti TB agents. Radical releasing agents are of special interest because they diffuse directly into the mycobacterium cell wall, interact with the host cell DNA causing DNA strand breakages and fatal destabilization of the DNA helix inhibiting nucleic acid synthase. As a therapeutic agent with aforementioned activity, nitroimidazoles and most especially bicyclic nitroimidazoles are currently in clinical use for the treatment of tuberculosis. However, the approved drugs, pretomanid (PR) and delamanid (DE) are limited in their nitric oxide radical (NO•) releasing abilities to cause effective bactericidity. It is believed that their bactericidal activity can be improved by harnessing alternative strategies to increase NO• release. The last decade has witness the strategic inclusion of NO-donors into native drugs to improve their activities and/or reverse resistance. The rationale behind this strategy is the targeting of NO• release at specific therapeutic sites. This review therefore aims to highlight various radical releasing agents that may be effective in the treatment of TB. The review also investigates various structural modification to PR and DE and suggests alternative strategies to improve NO• release as well as some applications where NO-donor hybrid drugs have been used with good therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeez I Kareem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535. South Africa
| | - Sarel F Malan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535. South Africa
| | - Jacques Joubert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535. South Africa
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9
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Umumararungu T, Mukazayire MJ, Mpenda M, Mukanyangezi MF, Nkuranga JB, Mukiza J, Olawode EO. A review of recent advances in anti-tubercular drug development. Indian J Tuberc 2020; 67:539-559. [PMID: 33077057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a global threat but in particular affects people from developing countries. It is thought that nearly a third of the population of the world live with its causative bacteria in a dormant form. Although tuberculosis is a curable disease, the chances of cure become slim as the disease becomes multidrug-resistant and the situation gets even worse as the disease becomes extensively drug-resistant. After approximately 5 decades without any new TB drug in the pipeline, there has been some good news in the recent years with the discovery of new drugs such as bedaquiline and delamanid as well as the discovery of new classes of anti-tubercular drugs. Some old drugs such as clofazimine, linezolid and many others which were not previously indicated for tuberculosis have been also repurposed for tuberculosis and they are performing well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théoneste Umumararungu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda.
| | - Marie Jeanne Mukazayire
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Matabishi Mpenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Marie Françoise Mukanyangezi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Jean Bosco Nkuranga
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Janvier Mukiza
- Department of Mathematical Science and Physical Education, School of Education, College of Education, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
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Malasala S, Ahmad MN, Gour J, Shukla M, Kaul G, Akhir A, Gatadi S, Madhavi Y, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling insights of 2-arylquinazoline benzamide derivatives as anti-tubercular agents. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Appetecchia F, Consalvi S, Scarpecci C, Biava M, Poce G. SAR Analysis of Small Molecules Interfering with Energy-Metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E227. [PMID: 32878317 PMCID: PMC7557483 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the world's top infectious killer: it caused a total of 1.5 million deaths and 10 million people fell ill with TB in 2018. Thanks to TB diagnosis and treatment, mortality has been falling in recent years, with an estimated 58 million saved lives between 2000 and 2018. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mtb strains is a major concern that might reverse this progress. Therefore, the development of new drugs acting upon novel mechanisms of action is a high priority in the global health agenda. With the approval of bedaquiline, which targets mycobacterial energy production, and delamanid, which targets cell wall synthesis and energy production, the energy-metabolism in Mtb has received much attention in the last decade as a potential target to investigate and develop new antimycobacterial drugs. In this review, we describe potent anti-mycobacterial agents targeting the energy-metabolism at different steps with a special focus on structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of the most advanced compound classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Poce
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (S.C.); (C.S.); (M.B.)
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12
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Zhang T, Yin W, Jin B, Li T, Ma C. A reliable HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous determination of related substances in TBI-166 active pharmaceutical ingredient. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2019.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, stability-indicating reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) method has been developed for the determination of TBI-166 and its 10 kinds of related impurities. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kromasil ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), with a gradient elution of the mobile phase system consisting of acetonitrile and 1% ammonium formate solution (with 0.2% formic acid). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was set at 251 nm. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to selectivity, linearity, limits, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The calibration curves were linear from LOQ to 150% of the specification limit of impurity with correlation coefficients not less than 0.999. The limits of quantitation were between 0.123 and 0.257 μg/mL. Accuracy for the related substances was estimated by the recovery ranged from 94.6% to 111.2%. The method was proved to be reliable for the determination of related substances in TBI-166 bulk drug, which is essential and important in the quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wanting Yin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050, China
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13
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Structure-based discovery of novel inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP121 from Indonesian natural products. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 85:107205. [PMID: 31981965 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a serious global health threat with the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). There is an urgent need to discover new drugs to deal with the advent of drug-resistant TB variants. This study aims to find new M. tuberculosis CYP121 inhibitors by the screening of Indonesian natural products using the principle of structure-based drug design and discovery. In this work, eight natural compounds isolated from Rhoeo spathacea and Pluchea indica were selected based on their antimycobacterial activity. Derivatives compound were virtually designed from these natural molecules to improve the interaction of ligands with CYP121. Virtual screening of ligands was carried out using AutoDock Vina followed by 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation using YASARA to study the inhibition mechanism of the ligands. Two ligands, i.e., kaempferol (KAE) and its benzyl derivative (KAE3), are identified as the best CYP121 inhibitors based on their binding affinities and adherence to the Lipinski's rule. Results of molecular dynamics simulation indicate that KAE and KAE3 possess a unique inhibitory mechanism against CYP121 that is different from GGJ (control ligand). The control ligand alters the overall dynamics of the receptor, which is indicated by changes in residue flexibility away from CYP121 binding site. Meanwhile, the dynamic changes caused by the binding of KAE and KAE3 are isolated around the binding site of CYP121. These ligands can be developed for further potential biological activities.
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15
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Malasala S, Gour J, Ahmad MN, Gatadi S, Shukla M, Kaul G, Dasgupta A, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Copper mediated one-pot synthesis of quinazolinones and exploration of piperazine linked quinazoline derivatives as anti-mycobacterial agents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43533-43538. [PMID: 35519697 PMCID: PMC9058414 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile method was developed for the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives in a one-pot condensation reaction via in situ amine generation using ammonia as the amine source and with the formation of four new C–N bonds in good to excellent yields. With the optimised method, we synthesized a library of piperazine linked quinazoline derivatives and the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The compounds 8b, 8e, 8f, 8m, 8n and 8v showed potent anti-mycobacterial activity with MIC values of 2–16 μg mL−1. All the synthesized compounds follow Lipinski's rules for drug likeness. A facile method was developed for the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives in a one-pot condensation reaction via in situ amine generation using ammonia as the amine source and with the formation of four new C–N bonds in good to excellent yields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaveni Malasala
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Jitendra Gour
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Md. Naiyaz Ahmad
- Division of Microbiology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Srikanth Gatadi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Division of Microbiology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Y. V. Madhavi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow-226031
- India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Hyderabad
- India
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Kumar A, Revathi R, Sriram D, Curreli F, Debnath AK, Pai KS, Kini SG. Targeting HIV-TB coinfection by developing novel piperidin-4-substituted imines: Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1800358. [PMID: 31066103 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the "Achilles heel" of the human immunodeficiency (HIV) ministration. HIV-positive people are 16-27 times more prone to contract tuberculosis. But the adverse interaction between antiretroviral drugs and antitubercular drugs has made it necessary to look for a single drug regimen for HIV-TB coinfection. Piperidine derivatives have been reported as anti-HIV and anti-TB agents. This inspired us to design, synthesize, and characterize a series of 3,5-bis(furan-2-ylmethylidene)-piperidin-4-substituted imines (R1-R25) and these were further screened for in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and anti-HIV activity. Molecular docking studies showed energetically favorable binding interactions with both EACP reductase (1ZID.pdb) and reverse-transcriptase (1REV.pdb) targets. The compounds R7, R12, R17, R18, R19, R20 were found to be more potent as anti-TB agents than ethambutol (MIC 3.125 μg/ml). Compound R7 was found to be moderately active with an IC50 of 2.1 ± 0.04 μM in multicycle infection assays, in comparison with the standard drug, zidovudine (IC50 = 5.7 ± 0.04 nM), used as anti-HIV drug. The cytotoxicity assay was done on Vero, MT-2, and TZM-bl cells to assess the safety of these compounds and they were found to be safe. From the above results, R7 seems to be a promising lead for anti-HIV and anti-TB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Rajappan Revathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Francesca Curreli
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Kimball Research Institute of the New York Blood Centre, New York, NY
| | - Asim K Debnath
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design, Kimball Research Institute of the New York Blood Centre, New York, NY
| | - K Sreedhara Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Suvarna G Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, India
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Pyta K, Janas A, Szukowska M, Pecyna P, Jaworska M, Gajecka M, Bartl F, Przybylski P. Synthesis, docking and antibacterial studies of more potent amine and hydrazone rifamycin congeners than rifampicin. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:96-104. [PMID: 30769243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
New rifamycin congeners (1-33) with incorporated amine and hydrazone substituents leading to lipophilic and/or basic nature and altered rigidity of modified C(3) arm were synthesized and structurally characterized in detail. NMR spectroscopic studies at different temperatures indicate two types of structures of rifamycin congeners that are realized in solution: zwitterionic and non-ionic forms in dependence of the basicity of modified C(3) arm. The presence of rifamycin congeners in these two possible forms has a significant impact on the physico-chemical parameters such as lipophilicity (clogP) and water solubility and different binding mode of the C(3) arm of antibiotic at RNAP binding pocket (molecular target) leading to different antibacterial potency. The highest antibacterial potency against S. aureus (including MRSA and MLSB strains) and S. epidermidis strains, even higher than reference rifampicin (Rif) and rifaximin (Rifx) antibiotics, was found for rifamycin congeners bearing at the C(3) arm relatively rigid and basic substituents (bipiperidine and guanidine groups). These modifications provide favorable docking mode and excellent water solubility resulting in high potency (MICs 0.0078 μg/mL what gives ∼ 8.5 nM), irrespective whether rifamycin congener is a tertiary amine (15) or hydrazone (29). In turn, for a higher antibacterial potency of rifamycin congeners against E. faecalis strain (MICs 0.5 μg/mL that is 0.6 μM) as compared to Rif and Rifx, the most crucial factors are: bulkiness and the lipophilic character of the end of the C(3) rebuilt arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Pyta
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Janas
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Szukowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Pecyna
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcelina Jaworska
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781, Poznan, Poland; Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Franz Bartl
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Biologie, Biophysikalische Chemie, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Przybylski
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Ngwane AH, Petersen RD, Baker B, Wiid I, Wong HN, Haynes RK. The evaluation of the anti-cancer drug elesclomol that forms a redox-active copper chelate as a potential anti-tubercular drug. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:532-538. [PMID: 30698324 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The observations that the innate immune system employs copper to eliminate bacterial infection and that resistance to copper enhances virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) prompted us to examine the effects the anti-cancer agent elesclomol on Mtb. As a bis-thionohydrazide, elesclomol chelates with copper to form a copper complex in situ that via redox cycling of the metal ion greatly enhances oxidative stress in tumour cells. Here, we demonstrate that elesclomol is relatively potent against Mtb H37Rv with minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μM (4 mg/L) and against multidrug resistant clinical isolates of Mtb, displays additive interactions with known tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and ethambutol, and a synergistic interaction with rifampicin. Controlled supplementation of elesclomol with copper in culture medium increased Mtb sensitivity by >65 fold. Overall, the activities of elesclomol in principle indicate the possibility of repurposing elesclomol or designing new thionohydrazides as potential drugs for use against Mtb. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(5):532-538, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andile H Ngwane
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ray-Dean Petersen
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bienyameen Baker
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ian Wiid
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ho Ning Wong
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Richard K Haynes
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Liu J, Ren Z, Fan L, Wei J, Tang X, Xu X, Yang D. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, structure-activity relationship, and toxicity of clinafloxacin-azole conjugates as novel antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:175-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Design, synthesis, antitubercular and antiviral properties of new spirocyclic indole derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019; 150:1533-1544. [PMID: 32214484 PMCID: PMC7087588 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract A series of indole-based spirothiazolidinones have been designed, synthesized and evaluated, in vitro, for their antitubercular, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The structures of the new compounds were established by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR (proton decoupled, APT, and DEPT), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and microanalysis. Compounds bearing a phenyl substituent at position 8 of the spiro ring, exhibited significant antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 at concentrations of 3.9 and 7.8 µM. Still, some of the tested compounds displayed activity on mycobacteria with MIC values of 16 and 31 µM. Four of the indole-spirothiazolidinone derivatives were found to be moderately active against Punta Toro virus, yellow fever virus or Sindbis virus in Vero cells. The antiviral EC50 values were in the range of 1.9–12 µM and the selectivity index (ratio of cytotoxic to antivirally effective concentration) was above 10 in some cases. The most potent effect was seen with the compound that is methylated at positions 2 and 8 of the spirothiazolidinone system. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00706-019-02457-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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Phillips OA, Udo EE, D'silva RJ. Structure-Antibacterial Activity Relationships of N-Substituted-( d-/ l-Alaninyl) 1 H-1,2,3-Triazolylmethyl Oxazolidinones. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:scipharm86040042. [PMID: 30261667 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance towards the existing class of antibacterial drugs continues to increase, posing a significant threat to the clinical usefulness of these drugs. These increasing and alarming rates of antibacterial resistance development and the decline in the number of new antibacterial drugs' approval continue to serve as a major impetus for research into the discovery and development of new antibacterial agents. We synthesized a series of d-/l-alaninyl substituted triazolyl oxazolidinone derivatives and evaluated their antibacterial activity against selected standard Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Overall, the compounds showed moderate to strong antibacterial activity. Compounds 9d and 10d (d- and l-alaninyl derivatives bearing the 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl substituent), 10e (l-alaninyl derivative bearing the 5-nitrofurancarbonyl group) and 9f and 10f (d- and l-alaninyl derivatives bearing the 5-nitrothiophene carbonyl moiety) demonstrated antibacterial activity (MIC: 2 µg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Moraxella catarrhalis standard bacterial strains. No significant differences were noticeable between the antibacterial activity of the d- and l-alaninyl derivatives as a result of the stereochemistry of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oludotun Adebayo Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Edet Ekpenyong Udo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Roselyn Jennifer D'silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
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22
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Machaba KE, Mhlongo NN, Soliman MES. Induced Mutation Proves a Potential Target for TB Therapy: A Molecular Dynamics Study on LprG. Cell Biochem Biophys 2018; 76:345-356. [PMID: 30073572 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-018-0852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of wild-type and V91W mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis-LprG (Mtb-LprG) were performed with the goal to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Mtb-LprG as a potential antimycobacterial target. A long-range MD simulations and post-MD analyzes led us to various results that plainly explained the impact of V91W mutation on Mtb-LprG. Herein, the results revealed that the wild-type is less stable compared to V91W mutant. This was further supported by root mean square fluctuation, where the V91W mutant showed a higher degree of flexibility compared to the wild-type. Dynamic cross-correlation analysis revealed that induced mutation leads to higher residual flexibility in the mutant structure as compared to the wild-type structure thus resulting in the existence of negatively correlated motions. The difference in principal component analysis scatter plot across the first two normal modes suggests a greater mobility of the V91W mutant conformation compared to the wild-type. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that the van der Waals (Evdw) forces contribute the most towards binding free energy in a case of the V91W mutant as compared to the wild-type LprG complex. In addition, the residue interaction networks revealed more of Evdw interaction existence among residues in case of the V91W mutant. This study supports the Mtb-LprG as a potential antimycobacterial target and also serves as a cornerstone to identifying new potential targets that have no inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgothatso E Machaba
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Ndumiso N Mhlongo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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23
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Hashemian SMR, Farhadi T, Ganjparvar M. Linezolid: a review of its properties, function, and use in critical care. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:1759-1767. [PMID: 29950810 PMCID: PMC6014438 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s164515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Linezolid can be considered as the first member of the class of oxazolidinone antibiotics. The compound is a synthetic antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis through binding to rRNA. It also inhibits the creation of the initiation complex during protein synthesis which can reduce the length of the developed peptide chains, and decrease the rate of reaction of translation elongation. Linezolid has been approved for the treatment of infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, complicated skin and skin structure infections (SSSIs), uncomplicated SSSIs caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, and community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Analysis of high-resolution structures of linezolid has demonstrated that it binds a deep cleft of the 50S ribosomal subunit that is surrounded by 23S rRNA nucleotides. Mutation of 23S rRNA was shown to be a linezolid resistance mechanism. Besides, mutations in specific regions of ribosomal proteins uL3 and uL4 are increasingly associated with linezolid resistance. However, these proteins are located further away from the bound drug. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci are considered the most common Gram-positive bacteria found in intensive care units (ICUs), and linezolid, as an antimicrobial drug, is commonly utilized to treat infected ICU patients. The drug has favorable in vitro and in vivo activity against the mentioned organisms and is considered as a useful antibiotic to treat infections in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Farhadi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Ganjparvar
- Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Design, Docking, and Synthesis of Quinoline-2H
-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H
)-ones as Potent Anticancer and Antitubercular Agents. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Poce G, Cocozza M, Alfonso S, Consalvi S, Venditti G, Fernandez-Menendez R, Bates RH, Barros Aguirre D, Ballell L, De Logu A, Vistoli G, Biava M. In vivo potent BM635 analogue with improved drug-like properties. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:539-550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Al-Tannak NF, Phillips OA. Antimycobacterial Activities of N-Substituted-Glycinyl 1H-1,2,3-Triazolyl Oxazolidinones and Analytical Method Development and Validation for a Representative Compound. Sci Pharm 2017; 85:E34. [PMID: 28974052 PMCID: PMC5748531 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm85040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve N-substituted-glycinyl triazolyl oxazolidinone derivatives were screened for antimycobacterial activity against susceptible (Mycobacteriumtuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv) and resistant (isoniazid (INH)-resistant Mtb (SRI 1369), rifampin (RMP)-resistant Mtb (SRI 1367), and ofloxacin (OFX)-resistant Mtb (SRI 4000)) Mtb strains. Most of the compounds showed moderate to strong antimycobacterial activity against all strains tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranges of 0.5-11.5, 0.056-11.6, 0.11-5.8, and 0.03-11.6 μM, and percent inhibition ranges of 41-79%, 51-72%, 50-75%, and 52-71% against Mtb H37Rv, INH-R, RMP-R, and OFX-R M.tuberculosis, respectively. The 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl and 5-nitrofuroyl derivatives demonstrated strong antimycobacterial activities with the N-(5-nitrofuroyl) derivatives (PH-145 and PH-189) being the most potent, with MIC value range of 0.3-0.6 μM against all strains tested. Compounds were not bactericidal, but showed intracellular (macrophage) antimycobacterial activity. A reliable validated analytical method was developed for a representative compound PH-189 using Waters Acquity ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) system with quaternary Solvent Manager (H-Class). A simple extraction method indicated that PH-189 was stable in human plasma after 90 min at 37 °C with more than 90% successfully recovered. Moreover, stress stability studies were performed and degradants were identified by using UHPLC-ESI-QToF under acidic, basic, and oxidative simulated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser F Al-Tannak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
| | - Oludotun A Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
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28
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Rode ND, Sonawane AD, Nawale L, Khedkar VM, Joshi RA, Likhite AP, Sarkar D, Joshi RR. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of novel 3-aryl-5-(alkyl-thio)-1H-1,2,4-triazoles derivatives targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:1206-1214. [PMID: 28609019 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A small library of new 3-aryl-5-(alkyl-thio)-1H-1,2,4-triazoles was synthesized and screened for the antimycobacterial potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Ra strain and Mycobacterium bovis BCG both in active and dormant stage. Among the synthesized library, 25 compounds exhibited promising anti-TB activity in the range of IC50 0.03-5.88 μg/ml for dormant stage and 20 compounds in the range of 0.03-6.96 μg/ml for active stage. Their lower toxicity (>100 μg/ml) and higher selectivity (SI = >10) against all cancer cell lines screened make them interesting compounds with potential antimycobacterial effects. Furthermore, to rationalize the observed biological activity data and to establish a structural basis for inhibition of M. tuberculosis, the molecular docking study was carried out against a potential target MTB CYP121 which revealed a significant correlation between the binding score and biological activity for these compounds. Cytotoxicity and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies suggested that 1,2,4-triazole analogues have an acceptable safety index, in vivo stability and bio-availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnath D Rode
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Amol D Sonawane
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Laxman Nawale
- Combi-Chem Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- Combi-Chem Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Ramesh A Joshi
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Anjali P Likhite
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combi-Chem Resource Centre, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Rohini R Joshi
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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29
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Anti-tubercular drug discovery: in silico implications and challenges. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:1-15. [PMID: 28341614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has been reported as a major public health concern, especially in the developing countries. WHO report on tuberculosis 2016 shows a high mortality rate caused by TB leading to 1.8 million deaths worldwide (including deaths due to TB in HIV positive individuals), which is one of the top 10 causes of mortality in 2015. However, the main therapy used for the treatment of TB is still the Direct Observed Therapy Short-course (DOTS) that consists of four main first-line drugs. Due to the prolonged and unorganized use of these drugs, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has developed drug-resistance against them. To overcome this drug-resistance, efforts are continuously being made to develop new therapeutics. New drug-targets of Mtb are pursued by the researchers to develop their inhibitors. For this, new methodologies that comprise of the computational drug designing techniques are vigorously applied. A major limitation that is found with these techniques is the inability of the newly identified target-based inhibitors to inhibit the whole cell bacteria. A foremost factor for this limitation is the inability of these inhibitors to penetrate the bacterial cell wall. In this regard, various strategies to overcome this limitation have been discussed in detail in this review, along with new targets and new methodologies. A bunch of in silico tools available for the prediction of physicochemical properties that need to be explored to deal with the permeability issue of the Mtb inhibitors has also been discussed.
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30
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Machaba KE, Cele FN, Mhlongo NN, Soliman MES. Sliding Clamp of DNA Polymerase III as a Drug Target for TB Therapy: Comprehensive Conformational and Binding Analysis from Molecular Dynamic Simulations. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 74:473-481. [PMID: 27651172 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis -sliding clamp is a protein essential for many important DNA transactions including replication and DNA repair proteins, thus, a potential drug target for tuberculosis. Further investigation is needed in understanding DNA polymerase sliding clamp structure, especially from a computational perspective. In this study, we employ a wide-range of comparative molecular dynamic analyses on two systems: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - sliding clamp enzyme in its apo and bound form. The results reported in this study shows apo conformation to be less stable, as compared to bound conformation with an average radius of gyration of 25.812 and 25.459 Å, respectively. This was further supported by root mean square fluctuation, where an apo enzyme showed a higher degree of flexibility. However, the presence of the ligand lowers radius of gyration and root mean square fluctuation and also leads to an existence of negative correlated motions. Principal component analysis further justifies the same findings, whereby the apo enzyme exhibits a higher fluctuation compared to the bound complex. In addition, a stable 310 helix located at the binding site appears to be unstable in the presence of the ligand. Hence, it is possible that the binding of the ligand may have caused a rearrangement of the structure, leading to a change in the unwinding of 310 helix. Findings reported in this study further enhance the understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis -DnaN and also give a lead to the development of potent tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgothatso E Machaba
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Favorite N Cele
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Ndumiso N Mhlongo
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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31
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Synthesis of threo- and erythro-configured trihydroxy open chain lipophilic ketones as possible anti-mycobacterial agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Antitubercular activity of 1,2,3-triazolyl fatty acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:842-852. [PMID: 27750201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A collection of 1,2,3-triazoles unsaturated fatty acid mimics were efficiently synthesized by click chemistry. The 1,4-disubstituted analogs prepared covered different alkyl chain lengths and triazole positions. The compounds were subsequently tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, being most of them active with some of the analogs displaying activity at micromolar concentration. The most potent member of the series has the triazole moiety on the C-2 position with a carbon chain of eight or ten carbon atoms. The 1,5-isomers of the most active analog were significantly less active than the original isomer. The activity of the selected hit was assayed on several clinical MTB multi-drug resistant strains providing the same MIC.
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Benzothiazinethione is a potent preclinical candidate for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29717. [PMID: 27405961 PMCID: PMC4942819 DOI: 10.1038/srep29717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
New chemotherapeutic compounds are needed to combat multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which remains a serious public-health challenge. Decaprenylphosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2′-epimerase (DprE1 enzyme) has been characterized as an attractive therapeutic target to address this urgent demand. Herein, we have identified a new class of DprE1 inhibitors benzothiazinethiones as antitubercular agents. Benzothiazinethione analogue SKLB-TB1001 exhibited excellent activity against Mtb in the Microplate Alamar blue assay and intracellular model, meanwhile SKLB-TB1001 was also highly potent against multi-drug resistant extensively and drug resistant clinical isolates. Importantly, no antagonism interaction was found with any two-drug combinations tested in the present study and the combination of SKLB-TB1001 with rifampicin (RMP) was proved to be synergistic. Furthermore, benzothiazinethione showed superb in vivo antitubercular efficacy in an acute Mtb infection mouse model, significantly better than that of BTZ043. These data combined with the bioavailability and safety profiles of benzothiazinethione indicates SKLB-TB1001 is a promising preclinical candidate for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Moraski GC, Seeger N, Miller PA, Oliver AG, Boshoff HI, Cho S, Mulugeta S, Anderson JR, Franzblau SG, Miller MJ. Arrival of Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxamides: Potent Anti-tuberculosis Agents That Target QcrB. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:393-8. [PMID: 27627627 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the potent anti-tuberculosis activity and the novel target (QcrB) of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamides encouraged extended structure-activity relationship studies of additional scaffolds. This study reports on the in vitro profiling of the imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carboxamides as a new promising class of anti-tuberculosis compounds endowed with nanomolar potency against replicating and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as well as low toxicity to VERO cells. Compounds 6, 16, and 17 had MIC values <10 nM and toxicity >100 μM. On-target selectivity of this series was confirmed by cross-resistance of specific QcrB mutants as well as the hypersusceptibility of a mutant with a functional gene deletion of the alternative cytochrome bd oxidase. Additionally, to demonstrate selectivity, three analogues (6, 15, 17) were broadly screened against a diverse set of eight strains of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative as well as six disease-causing non-tuberculosis mycobacteria. Finally, compounds 16 and 17 were found to be active in macrophages infected with Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett C. Moraski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Natalie Seeger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Patricia A. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Helena I. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical
Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sanghyun Cho
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Surafel Mulugeta
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jeffery R. Anderson
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Marvin J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Ran K, Gao C, Deng H, Lei Q, You X, Wang N, Shi Y, Liu Z, Wei W, Peng C, Xiong L, Xiao K, Yu L. Identification of novel 2-aminothiazole conjugated nitrofuran as antitubercular and antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3669-74. [PMID: 27289321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens is an ongoing main problem in the therapy of bacterial infections. In order to develop promising antitubercular and antibacterial lead compounds, we designed and synthesized a new series of derivatives of 2-aminothiazole conjugated nitrofuran with activities against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus. Eight compounds 12e, 12k, 12l, 12m, 18a, 18d, 18e, and 18j emerged as promising antitubercular agents. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) were discussed and showed that the derivatives substituted at the position-3 of benzene of 5-nitro-N-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)furan-2-carboxamide exhibited superior potency. The most potent compound 18e, substituted with benzamide at this position, displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.27μg/mL against Mtb H37Ra and 1.36μg/mL against S. aureus. Furthermore, compound 18e had no obvious cytotoxicity to normal Vero cells (IC50=50.2μM). The results suggest that the novel scaffolds of aminothiazole conjugated nitrofuran would be a promising class of potent antitubercular and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu You
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ningyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaojie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cuiting Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kunjie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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Farah SI, Abdelrahman AA, North EJ, Chauhan H. Opportunities and Challenges for Natural Products as Novel Antituberculosis Agents. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:29-38. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shrouq I. Farah
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - E. Jeffrey North
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
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Abstract
Despite enormous progress, tuberculosis (TB) is still a major global health problem. Poor patients’ adherence to the current treatment leads to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains. While increased numbers of MDR-TB cases can be ascribed to difficulties in treating TB–HIV coinfected patients, many studies demonstrated that the emergence of drug-resistant TB is clearly linked to misdiagnosis and mismanagement of drug-susceptible TB. Therefore, rapid detection and proper treatment are needed globally to both cure TB patients and prevent wide spreading of the disease. This paper provides a survey of the major strategies that have been explored for overcoming drug resistance in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Poce
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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Paraskevopoulos G, Krátký M, Mandíková J, Trejtnar F, Stolaříková J, Pávek P, Besra G, Vinšová J. Novel derivatives of nitro-substituted salicylic acids: Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7292-301. [PMID: 26526729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the high antituberculous activity of novel nitro-substituted derivatives and based on promising predicted ADMET properties we have synthesized a series of 33 salicylanilides containing nitro-group in their salicylic part and evaluated them for their in vitro antimycobacterial, antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The presence of nitro-group in position 4 of the salicylic acid was found to be beneficial and the resulting molecules exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2 to 32 μM against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The best activity was found for 2-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide (MIC=2 μM). 4-Nitrosalicylanilides were also found to be active against all Staphylococcus species tested while for MRSA strain 2-hydroxy-4-nitro-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide's MIC was 0.98 μM. None of the nitrosalicylanilides was active against Enterococcus sp. J 14365/08 and no considerable activity was found against Gram-negative bacteria or fungi. The hepatotoxicity of all nitrosalicylanilides was found to be in the range of their MICs for HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Paraskevopoulos
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krátký
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Mandíková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Partyzánské náměstí 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Gurdyal Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jarmila Vinšová
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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39
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Revathi R, Venkatesha Perumal R, Pai KSR, Arunkumar G, Sriram D, Kini SG. Design, development, drug-likeness, and molecular docking studies of novel piperidin-4-imine derivatives as antitubercular agents. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3779-87. [PMID: 26229439 PMCID: PMC4516184 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s83047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the major grievous diseases worldwide. The emergence of resistance to antituberculosis drugs emphasize the necessity to discover new therapeutic agents for preferential tuberculosis therapy. In this study, various novel 1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl) piperidin-4-imine derivatives were developed and checked for favorable pharmacokinetic parameters based on drug-likeness explained by Lipinski’s rule of five. All 20 of the novel chemical entities were found to possess a favorable pharmacokinetic profile since they were not violating Lipinski’s rule of five. The title compounds were also synthesized, characterized, and tested for ex vivo antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC27294). The results revealed that four compounds (2-[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ylidene] hydrazinecarbothioamide, 2-[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ylidene]-N-hydroxy-hydrazinecarbo-thioamide, 1-[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ylidene]guanidine, and 2-[1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ylidene]hydrazinecarboxamide) were the most potent (minimum inhibitory concentration 6.25 µg/mL) antitubercular agents, with less toxicity (selectivity index more than 10). The molecules were also subjected to three-dimensional molecular docking on the crystal structure of enoyl-acyl carrier protein (EACP) reductase enzyme (code 1ZID, Protein Data Bank), which represents a good prediction of the interactions between the molecules and EACP reductase with minimum binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajappan Revathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suvarna Ganesh Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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40
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Piccaro G, Poce G, Biava M, Giannoni F, Fattorini L. Activity of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs against dormant and replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 68:711-4. [PMID: 25944535 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piccaro
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Poce
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Giannoni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lanfranco Fattorini
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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