1
|
Wang T, Liao X, Zhao X, Chen K, Chen Y, Wen H, Yin D, Wang Y, Lin B, Zhang S, Cui H. Rational design of 2-benzylsulfinyl-benzoxazoles as potent and selective indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors to combat inflammation. Bioorg Chem 2024; 152:107740. [PMID: 39217780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Mimicking the transition state of tryptophan (Trp) and O2 in the enzymatic reaction is an effective approach to design indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. In this study, we firstly assembled a small library of 2-substituted benzo-fused five membered heterocycles and found 2-sulfinyl-benzoxazoles with interesting IDO1 inhibitory activities. Next the inhibitory activity toward IDO1 was gradually improved. Several benzoxazoles showed potent IDO1 inhibitory activity with IC50 of 82-91 nM, and exhibited selectivity between IDO1 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). Enzyme binding studies showed that benzoxazoles are reversible type II IDO1 inhibitors, and modeling studies suggested that the oxygen atom of the sulfoxide in benzoxazoles interacts with the iron atom of the heme group, which mimics the transition state of Fe-O-O-Trp complex. Especially, 10b can effectively inhibit the NO production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and it also shows good anti-inflammation effect on mice acute inflammation model of croton oil induced ear edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiufeng Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yangzhonghui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dali Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Huaqing Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iijima M, Otsuka Y, Ohba SI, Momose I. Inhibition of kynurenine production by N,O-substituted hydroxylamine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 106:129731. [PMID: 38621594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The inhibition of kynurenine production is considered a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, an amino acid derivative, compound 1 was discovered using a cell-based assay with our screening library. Compound 1 suppressed kynurenine production without inhibiting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity. The activity of 1 was derived from the inhibition of IDO1 by a metabolite of 1, O-benzylhydroxylamine (OBHA, 2a). A series of N-substituted 2a derivatives that exhibit potent activity in cell-based assays may represent effective prodrugs. Therefore, we synthesized and evaluated novel N,O-substituted hydroxylamine derivatives. The structure-activity relationships revealed that N,O-substituted hydroxylamine 2c inhibits kynurenine production in a cell-based assay. We conducted an in vivo experiment with 2c, although the effectiveness of O-substituted hydroxylamine derivatives in vivo has not been previously reported. The results indicate that N,O-substituted hydroxylamine derivatives are promising IDO1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatomi Iijima
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan.
| | - Yasunari Otsuka
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichi Ohba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| | - Isao Momose
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moianos D, Makri M, Prifti GM, Chiotellis A, Pappas A, Woodson ME, Tajwar R, Tavis JE, Zoidis G. N-Hydroxypiridinedione: A Privileged Heterocycle for Targeting the HBV RNase H. Molecules 2024; 29:2942. [PMID: 38931006 PMCID: PMC11206691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a global health threat. Ribonuclease H (RNase H), part of the virus polymerase protein, cleaves the pgRNA template during viral genome replication. Inhibition of RNase H activity prevents (+) DNA strand synthesis and results in the accumulation of non-functional genomes, terminating the viral replication cycle. RNase H, though promising, remains an under-explored drug target against HBV. We previously reported the identification of a series of N-hydroxypyridinedione (HPD) imines that effectively inhibit the HBV RNase H. In our effort to further explore the HPD scaffold, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated 18 novel HPD oximes, as well as 4 structurally related minoxidil derivatives and 2 barbituric acid counterparts. The new analogs were docked on the RNase H active site and all proved able to coordinate the two Mg2+ ions in the catalytic site. All of the new HPDs effectively inhibited the viral replication in cell assays exhibiting EC50 values in the low μM range (1.1-7.7 μM) with low cytotoxicity, resulting in selectivity indexes (SI) of up to 92, one of the highest reported to date among HBV RNase H inhibitors. Our findings expand the structure-activity relationships on the HPD scaffold, facilitating the development of even more potent anti-HBV agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Moianos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (M.M.); (G.-M.P.)
| | - Maria Makri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (M.M.); (G.-M.P.)
| | - Georgia-Myrto Prifti
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (M.M.); (G.-M.P.)
| | - Aristeidis Chiotellis
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandros Pappas
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Molly E. Woodson
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; (M.E.W.); (R.T.); (J.E.T.)
| | - Razia Tajwar
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; (M.E.W.); (R.T.); (J.E.T.)
| | - John E. Tavis
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA; (M.E.W.); (R.T.); (J.E.T.)
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (D.M.); (M.M.); (G.-M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Jia S, Chen Y, Liao X, Jie R, Jiang L, Wang T, Wen H, Gan W, Cui H. Taking advantage of the interaction between the sulfoxide and heme cofactor to develop indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107426. [PMID: 38733750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Taking advantage of key interactions between sulfoxide and heme cofactor, we used the sulfoxide as the anchor functional group to develop two series of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors: 2-benzylsulfinylbenzoxazoles (series 1) and 2-phenylsulfinylbenzoxazoles (series 2). In vitro enzymatic screening shows that both series can inhibit the activity of IDO1 in low micromolar (series 1) or nanomolar (series 2) levels. They also show inhibitory selectivity between IDO1 and tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase 2. Interestingly, although series 1 is less potent IDO1 inhibitors of these two series, it exhibited stronger inhibitory activity toward kynurenine production in interferon-γ stimulated BxPC-3 cells. Enzyme kinetics and binding studies demonstrated that 2-sulfinylbenzoxazoles are non-competitive inhibitors of tryptophan, and they interact with the ferrous form of heme. These results demonstrated 2-sulfinylbenzoxazoles as type II IDO1 inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular docking studies supports the sulfoxide being of the key functional group that interacts with the heme cofactor. Compound 22 (series 1) can inhibit NO production in a concentration dependent manner in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and can relieve pulmonary edema and lung injury in LPS induced mouse acute lung injury models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shumi Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yangzhonghui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiufeng Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ru Jie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wenqiang Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Huaqing Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun B, Liu X, Ji T, Zhan X, Mao L, Deng P, Shi L. Design, synthesis, and biological activity of novel pomalidomide linked with diphenylcarbamide derivatives. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2022-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Based on 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-4-fluoroisoindoline-1,3-dione as a raw material, a series of novel pomalidomide linked with diphenylcarbamide derivatives were synthesized through several step reactions of substitution, click reaction, and addition reaction. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS. We discovered that some of the compounds are capable of suppressing indoleamine pyrrole-2,3-dioxygenase-1 activities in in vitro experiments, in which the inhibitory activity of 5b reached the level of benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road , Jinan 250014 , PR China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan 250100 , China
- Jinan Asia Pharma Tech Co. Ltd , Jinan 250101 , China
| | - Tao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan 250100 , China
- Jinan Asia Pharma Tech Co. Ltd , Jinan 250101 , China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan 250100 , China
- Jinan Asia Pharma Tech Co. Ltd , Jinan 250101 , China
| | - Longfei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan 250100 , China
- Jinan Asia Pharma Tech Co. Ltd , Jinan 250101 , China
| | - Peng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University , Jinan 250021 , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ogbechi J, Huang YS, Clanchy FIL, Pantazi E, Topping LM, Darlington LG, Williams RO, Stone TW. Modulation of immune cell function, IDO expression and kynurenine production by the quorum sensor 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001956. [PMID: 36389710 PMCID: PMC9650388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many invasive micro-organisms produce 'quorum sensor' molecules which regulate colony expansion and may modulate host immune responses. We have examined the ability of Pseudomonas Quorum Sensor (PQS) to influence cytokine expression under conditions of inflammatory stress. The administration of PQS in vivo to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) increased the severity of disease. Blood and inflamed paws from treated mice had fewer regulatory T cells (Tregs) but normal numbers of Th17 cells. However, PQS (1μM) treatment of antigen-stimulated lymph node cells from collagen-immunised mice in vitro inhibited the differentiation of CD4+IFNγ+ cells, with less effect on CD4+IL-17+ cells and no change in CD4+FoxP3+Tregs. PQS also inhibited T cell activation by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies. PQS reduced murine macrophage polarisation and inhibited expression of IL1B and IL6 genes in murine macrophages and human THP-1 cells. In human monocyte-derived macrophages, IDO1 gene, protein and enzyme activity were all inhibited by exposure to PQS. TNF gene expression was inhibited in THP-1 cells but not murine macrophages, while LPS-induced TNF protein release was increased by high PQS concentrations. PQS is known to have iron scavenging activity and its suppression of cytokine release was abrogated by iron supplementation. Unexpectedly, PQS decreased the expression of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase genes (IDO1 and IDO2), IDO1 protein expression and enzyme activity in mouse and human macrophages. This is consistent with evidence that IDO1 inhibition or deletion exacerbates arthritis, while kynurenine reduces its severity. It is suggested that the inhibition of IDO1 and cytokine expression may contribute to the quorum sensor and invasive actions of PQS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ogbechi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Pantazi
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M. Topping
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculo-skeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hou XX, Gong XQ, Mao LF, Sun G, Yang JX. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of erlotinib-based IDO1 inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:940704. [PMID: 36034879 PMCID: PMC9399373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.940704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erlotinib is a highly specific and reversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the targeted therapy of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) However, the efficacy of erlotinib is limited because the development of drug resistance during chemotherapy. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting tryptophan catabolic enzyme that is activated in many human cancers. In this study, we designed a series of erlotinib-based 1,2,3-triazole compounds by combining erlotinib with phenyl or benzyl azide. Attentive FP prediction model was used to predict the bioactivity of those compounds. We discovered that most of the erlotinib-based 1,2,3-triazole compounds are capable of suppressing IDO1 activities in vitro experiments. Among them, compound 14b (IC50 = 0.59 ± 0.05 μM) had the strongest inhibitory effect on IDO1. In addition, compound 14b significantly inhibited tumor growth comparable to the antitumor activity of erlotinib and the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat in murine tumor models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-xi Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao-qing Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long-fei Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ge Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Sun, ; Jian-xue Yang,
| | - Jian-xue Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- School of Nursing, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Sun, ; Jian-xue Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu GQ, Gong XQ, Zhu YY, Yao XJ, Peng LZ, Sun G, Yang JX, Mao LF. Novel 1,2,3-Triazole Erlotinib Derivatives as Potent IDO1 Inhibitors: Design, Drug-Target Interactions Prediction, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Molecular Docking and ADME Properties Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:854965. [PMID: 35677437 PMCID: PMC9168369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.854965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a predominant role in cancer immunotherapy which catalyzes the initial and rate limiting steps of the kynurenine pathway as a key enzyme. To explore novel IDO1 inhibitors, five derivatives of erlotinib-linked 1,2,3-triazole compounds were designed by using a structure-based drug design strategy. Drug-target interactions (DTI) were predicted by DeePurpose, an easy-to-use deep learning library that contains more than 50 algorithms. The DTI prediction results suggested that the designed molecules have potential inhibitory activities for IDO1. Chemical syntheses and bioassays showed that the compounds exhibited remarkable inhibitory activities against IDO1, among them, compound e was the most potent with an IC50 value of 0.32 ± 0.07 μM in the Hela cell assay. The docking model and ADME analysis exhibited that the effective interactions of these compounds with heme iron and better drug-likeness ensured the IDO1 inhibitory activities. The studies suggested that compound e was a novel and interesting IDO1 inhibitor for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Qing Xu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Zeng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ge Sun
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xue Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,School of Nursing, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Long-Fei Mao
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang R, Wang Y, Liu D, Luo Q, Du P, Zhang H, Wu W. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate as a Potent IDO1/TDO2 Dual Inhibitor Enhances Anti-PD1 Therapy for Colorectal Cancer in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:870848. [PMID: 35571116 PMCID: PMC9091350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.870848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has been proved in colorectal cancer (CRC), the results are unsatisfactory, presumably owing to the presence of tryptophan metabolism enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2). However, only a few dual inhibitors for IDO1 and TDO2 have been reported. Here, we discovered that sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), a sulfonate derived from tanshinone IIA (TSN), reduced the enzymatic activities of IDO1 and TDO2 with a half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of less than 10 μM using enzymatic assays for natural product screening. In IDO1- or TDO2- overexpressing cell lines, STS decreased kynurenine (kyn) synthesis. STS also reduced the percentage of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) T cells in lymphocytes from the mouse spleen cocultured with CT26. In vivo, STS suppressed tumor growth and enhanced the antitumor effect of the programmed cell death 1 (PD1) antibody. Compared with anti-PD1 (α-PD1) monotherapy, combined with STS had lower level of plasma kynurenine. Immunofluorescence assay suggested that STS decreased the number of FOXP3+ T cells and increased the number of CD8+ T cells in tumors. Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells in tumor tissues demonstrated an increase in the percentage of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. According to our findings, STS acts as an immunotherapy agent in CRC by inhibiting both IDO1 and TDO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeiyi Wang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peixin Du
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, China.,The Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi J, Neupane T, Baral R, Jee JG. Hydroxamic Acid as a Potent Metal-Binding Group for Inhibiting Tyrosinase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020280. [PMID: 35204163 PMCID: PMC8868331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a metalloenzyme containing a dicopper cofactor, plays a central role in synthesizing melanin from tyrosine. Many studies have aimed to identify small-molecule inhibitors of tyrosinase for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural purposes. In this study, we report that hydroxamic acid is a potent metal-binding group for interacting with dicopper atoms, thereby inhibiting tyrosinase. Hydroxamate-containing molecules, including anticancer drugs targeting histone deacetylase, vorinostat and panobinostat, significantly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase, with inhibitory constants in the submicromolar range. Of the tested molecules, benzohydroxamic acid was the most potent. Its inhibitory constant of 7 nM indicates that benzohydroxamic acid is one of the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Results from differential scanning fluorimetry revealed that direct binding mediates inhibition. The enzyme kinetics were studied to assess the inhibitory mechanism of the hydroxamate-containing molecules. Experiments with B16F10 cell lysates confirmed that the new inhibitors are inhibitory against mammalian tyrosinase. Docking simulation data revealed intermolecular contacts between hydroxamate-containing molecules and tyrosinase.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng Y, Stafford PM, Stover KR, Mohan DC, Gupta M, Keske EC, Schiavini P, Villar L, Wu F, Kreft A, Thomas K, Raaphorst E, Pasangulapati JP, Alla SR, Sharma S, Mittapalli RR, Sagamanova I, Johnson SL, Reed MA, Weaver DF. A Series of 2-((1-Phenyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl)-1H-indoles as Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2195-2205. [PMID: 33759400 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy and neurological disease. Thus, searching for highly active inhibitors for use in human cancers is now a focus of widespread research and development efforts. In this study, we report the structure-based design of 2-(5-imidazolyl)indole derivatives, a series of novel IDO1 inhibitors which have been designed and synthesized based on our previous study using N1-substituted 5-indoleimidazoles. Among these, we have identified one with a strong IDO1 inhibitory activity (IC50 =0.16 μM, EC50 =0.3 μM). Structural-activity relationship (SAR) and computational docking simulations suggest that a hydroxyl group favorably interacts with a proximal Ser167 residue in Pocket A, improving IDO1 inhibitory potency. The brain penetrance of potent compounds was estimated by calculation of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Score and Brain Exposure Efficiency (BEE) Score. Many compounds had favorable scores and the two most promising compounds were advanced to a pharmacokinetic study which demonstrated that both compounds were brain penetrant. We have thus discovered a flexible scaffold for brain penetrant IDO1 inhibitors, exemplified by several potent, brain penetrant, agents. With this promising scaffold, we provide herein a basis for further development of brain penetrant IDO1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zheng
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Paul M Stafford
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Kurt R Stover
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Darapaneni Chandra Mohan
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mayuri Gupta
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Eric C Keske
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Paolo Schiavini
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Laura Villar
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Fan Wu
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Alexander Kreft
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Kiersten Thomas
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Elana Raaphorst
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Jagadeesh P Pasangulapati
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Siva R Alla
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Simmi Sharma
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ramana R Mittapalli
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Irina Sagamanova
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Shea L Johnson
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M55 3H6, Canada
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M55 3H6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Feng X, Liao D, Liu D, Ping A, Li Z, Bian J. Development of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy and Beyond: A Recent Perspective. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15115-15139. [PMID: 33215494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has received increasing attention due to its immunosuppressive function in connection with various diseases, including cancer. A recent increase in the understanding of IDO1 has significantly contributed to the discovery of numerous novel inhibitors, but the latest clinical outcomes raised questions and have indicated a future direction of IDO1 inhibition for therapeutic approaches. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of IDO1, discussing the latest advances in understanding the IDO1 structure and mechanism, an overview of recent IDO1 inhibitor discoveries and potential therapeutic applications to provide helpful information for medicinal chemists investigating IDO1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - An Ping
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mao LF, Wang YW, Zhao J, Xu GQ, Yao XJ, Li YM. Discovery of Icotinib-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives as IDO1 Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:579024. [PMID: 33101032 PMCID: PMC7555427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is considered to be a highlight in cancer treatment in recent years. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is closely related to the over expression of many cancers, and is therefore a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. To search for novel IDO1-targeting therapeutic agents, 22 icotinib-linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against IDO1. The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed with1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR MS. IDO1 inhibitory activity assay results indicated that 10 of those compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activity against IDO1, among which compound a17 was the most potent with IC50value of 0.37 μM. The binding model between the prepared compounds and IDO1 was studied with molecular modeling study. The current study suggested that icotinib-1,2,3-triazole derivatives could be used as potential inhibitors that preferentially bind to the ferrous form of IDO1 through the formation of coordinate bond with the haem iron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an-Xianyang New Economic Zone, Xianyang, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gui-Qing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Chiral Hydroxyl Pharmaceutical, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine/Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krasikova R, Kondrashov M, Avagliano C, Petukhov M, Vazquez-Romero A, Revunov E, Johnström P, Tari L, Tóth M, Häggkvist J, Erhardt S, Cervenka S, Schou M. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of 6-[ 18F]Fluorine-α-methyl-l-tryptophan, a Novel PET Tracer for Measuring Tryptophan Uptake. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1756-1761. [PMID: 32343551 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan ([11C]AMT) has been used to assess tryptophan metabolism in cancer, epilepsy, migraine, and autism. Despite its extensive application, the utility of this tracer is currently hampered by the short half-life of the radionuclide used for its labeling (11C, t1/2 = 20.4 min). We herein report the design, synthesis, radiolabeling, and initial in vivo evaluation of a fluorine-18 (18F, t1/2 = 109.7 min) labeled analogue that is fluorinated in the 6-position of the aromatic ring ([18F]6-F-AMTr). In a head-to-head comparison between [18F]6-F-AMTr and [11C]AMT in mice using PET, peak brain radioactivity, regional brain distribution, and kinetic profiles were similar between the two tracers. [18F]6-F-AMTr was however not a substrate for IDO1 or TPH as determined in in vitro enzymatic assays. The brain uptake of the tracer is thus more likely related to LAT1 transport over the blood-brain barrier than metabolism along the serotonin or kynurenine pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raisa Krasikova
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of Science, 9, Pavlov str., 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kondrashov
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Avagliano
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Petukhov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named after B.P. Konstantinov, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies named after A.M. Granov, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ana Vazquez-Romero
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evgeny Revunov
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lenke Tari
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Häggkvist
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE- 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Discovery and characterization of natural products as novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors through high-throughput screening. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:423-431. [PMID: 31197246 PMCID: PMC7468576 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of malignant tumors characterized by dysregulated tryptophan metabolism. However, the antitumor efficacy of existing small-molecule IDO1 inhibitors is still unsatisfactory, and the underlying mechanism remains largely undefined. To identify novel IDO1 inhibitors, an in-house natural product library of 2000 natural products was screened for inhibitory activity against recombinant human IDO1. High-throughput fluorescence-based screening identified 79 compounds with inhibitory activity > 30% at 20 μM. Nine natural products were further confirmed to inhibit IDO1 activity by > 30% using Ehrlich’s reagent reaction. Compounds 2, 7, and 8 were demonstrated to inhibit IDO1 activity in a cellular context. Compounds 2 and 7 were more potent against IDO1 than TDO2 in the enzymatic assay. The kinetic studies showed that compound 2 exhibited noncompetitive inhibition, whereas compounds 7 and 8 were graphically well matched with uncompetitive inhibition. Compounds 7 and 8 were found to bind to the ferric-IDO1 enzyme. Docking stimulations showed that the naphthalene ring of compound 8 formed “T-shaped” π–π interactions with Phe-163 and that the 6-methyl-naphthalene group formed additional hydrophobic interactions with IDO1. Compound 8 was identified as a derivative of tanshinone, and preliminary SAR analysis indicated that tanshinone derivatives may be promising hits for the development of IDO1 inhibitors. This study provides new clues for the discovery of IDO1/TDO2 inhibitors with novel scaffolds.
Collapse
|
16
|
Cui G, Lai F, Wang X, Chen X, Xu B. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:111985. [PMID: 31881488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are involved in the key steps of tryptophan metabolism and are potential new targets for tumor immunotherapy. In this work, a variety of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against both enzymes along with structure-activity relationships were investigated. As a result, a number of 6-acetamido-indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives were found to be potent dual inhibitors with IC50 values at low micromolar levels. Among them, compound 9o-1 was the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 1.17 μM for IDO1, and 1.55 μM for TDO, respectively. In addition, a para-benzoquinone derivative 9p-O, resulted from the oxidation of compound 9p, was also identified and it showed strong inhibition against the two enzymes with IC50 values at the double digit nanomolar level. Using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations, we predicted the binding modes of this class of compounds within IDO1 and TDO binding pocket. The results provide insights for further structural optimization of this series of IDO1/TDO dual inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guonan Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fangfang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bailing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Panda S, Pradhan N, Chatterjee S, Morla S, Saha A, Roy A, Kumar S, Bhattacharyya A, Manna D. 4,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: Effective Inhibition of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Enzyme Regulates T cell Activity and Mitigates Tumor Growth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18455. [PMID: 31804586 PMCID: PMC6895048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The improvement of body's own immune system is considered one of the safest approaches to fight against cancer and several other diseases. Excessive catabolism of the essential amino acid, L-tryptophan (L-Trp) assists the cancer cells to escape normal immune obliteration. The formation of disproportionate kynurenine and other downstream metabolites suppress the T cell functions. Blocking of this immunosuppressive mechanism is considered as a promising approach against cancer, neurological disorders, autoimmunity, and other immune-mediated diseases. Overexpression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme is directly related to the induction of immunosuppressive mechanisms and represents an important therapeutic target. Several classes of small molecule-based IDO1 inhibitors have been already reported, but only few compounds are currently being evaluated in various stages of clinical trials as adjuvants or in combination with chemo- and radiotherapies. In the quest for novel structural class(s) of IDO1 inhibitors, we developed a series of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The optimization of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole scaffold and comprehensive biochemical and biophysical studies led to the identification of compounds, 3i, 4i, and 4k as potent and selective inhibitors of IDO1 enzyme with IC50 values at a low nanomolar level. These potent compounds also showed strong IDO1 inhibitory activities in MDA-MB-231 cells with no/negligible level of cytotoxicity. The T cell activity studies revealed that controlled regulation of IDO1 enzyme activity in the presence of these potent compounds could induce immune response against breast cancer cells. The compounds also showed excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy (of tumor growth inhibition = 79-96%) in the female Swiss albino mice. As a consequence, this study describes the first example of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole based IDO1 inhibitors with potential applications for immunotherapeutic studies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Enzyme Assays
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Kynurenine/immunology
- Kynurenine/metabolism
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/drug effects
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways/immunology
- Mice
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Primary Cell Culture
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Triazoles/chemistry
- Triazoles/pharmacology
- Triazoles/therapeutic use
- Tryptophan/immunology
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/chemistry
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nirmalya Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhir Morla
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Abhishek Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashalata Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | | | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zou Y, Hu Y, Ge S, Zheng Y, Li Y, Liu W, Guo W, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Lai Y. Effective Virtual Screening Strategy toward heme-containing proteins: Identification of novel IDO1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
19
|
Chen S, Guo W, Liu X, Sun P, Wang Y, Ding C, Meng L, Zhang A. Design, synthesis and antitumor study of a series of N-Cyclic sulfamoylaminoethyl substituted 1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-amines as new indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:38-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Tsujino H, Uno T, Yamashita T, Katsuda M, Takada K, Saiki T, Maeda S, Takagi A, Masuda S, Kawano Y, Meguro K, Akai S. Correlation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxigenase 1 inhibitory activity of 4,6-disubstituted indazole derivatives and their heme binding affinity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
21
|
Wang XX, Sun SY, Dong QQ, Wu XX, Tang W, Xing YQ. Recent advances in the discovery of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1740-1754. [PMID: 32055299 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an important immunoregulatory enzyme ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and cells, plays a key role in tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway and has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and arthritis. IDO1 has diverse biological roles in immune suppression and tumor progression by tryptophan catabolism. In addition, IDO1-mediated immune tolerance assists tumor cells in escaping the immune surveillance. Recently, extensive and enormous investigations have been made in the discovery of IDO1 inhibitors in both academia and pharmaceutical companies. In this review, IDO1 inhibitors are grouped as tryptophan derivatives, inhibitors with an imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole or tetrazole scaffold, inhibitors with quinone or iminoquinone, N-hydroxyamidines and other derivatives, and their enzymatic inhibitory activity, selectivity and other biological activities are also introduced and summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Qing-Qing Dong
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Xiao-Xiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| | - Ya-Qun Xing
- Department of Pharmacy , The Second Affliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College , Bengbu , Anhuir 233040 , P.R. China .
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jain S, Bhardwaj B, Amin SA, Adhikari N, Jha T, Gayen S. Exploration of good and bad structural fingerprints for inhibition of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase enzyme in cancer immunotherapy using Monte Carlo optimization and Bayesian classification QSAR modeling. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1683-1696. [PMID: 31057090 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1615000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an extrahepatic, heme-containing and tryptophan-catalyzing enzyme responsible for causing blockade of T-cell proliferation and differentiation by depleting tryptophan level in cancerous cells. Therefore, inhibition of IDO1 may be a useful strategy for immunotherapy against cancer. In this study, 448 structurally diverse IDO1 inhibitors with a wide range of activity has been taken into consideration for classification QSAR analysis through Monte Carlo Optimization by using different splits as well as different combinations of SMILES-based, graph-based and hybrid descriptors. The best model from Monte Carlo optimization was interpreted to find out the good and bad structural fingerprints for IDO1 and further justified by using Bayesian classification QSAR modeling. Among the three splits in Monte Carlo optimization, the statistics of the best model was obtained from Split 3: sensitivity = 0.87, specificity = 0.91, accuracy = 0.89 and MCC = 0.78. In Bayesian classification modeling, the ROC scores for training and test set were found to be 0.91 and 0.86, respectively. The combined modeling analysis revealed that the presence of aryl hydrazyl sulphonyl moiety, furazan ring, halogen substitution, nitro group and hetero atoms in aromatic system can be very useful in designing IDO1 inhibitors. All the good and bad structural fingerprints for IDO1 were identified and are justified by correlating these fragments to the inhibition of IDO1 enzyme. These structural fingerprints will guide the researchers in this field to design better inhibitors against IDO1 enzyme for cancer immunotherapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanskar Jain
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. HarisinghGour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagwati Bhardwaj
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. HarisinghGour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Natural Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shovanlal Gayen
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. HarisinghGour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Winters M, DuHadaway JB, Pham KN, Lewis-Ballester A, Badir S, Wai J, Sheikh E, Yeh SR, Prendergast GC, Muller AJ, Malachowski WP. Diaryl hydroxylamines as pan or dual inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2 and tryptophan dioxygenase. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:455-464. [PMID: 30469041 PMCID: PMC6318801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) catabolizing enzymes play an important and complex role in the development of cancer. Significant evidence implicates them in a range of inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. Whereas inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) have been reported and analyzed in the clinic, fewer inhibitors have been described for tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-2 (IDO2) which also have been implicated more recently in cancer, inflammation and immune control. Consequently the development of dual or pan inhibitors of these Trp catabolizing enzymes may represent a therapeutically important area of research. This is the first report to describe the development of dual and pan inhibitors of IDO1, TDO and IDO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Winters
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA
| | - James B DuHadaway
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Khoa N Pham
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Ariel Lewis-Ballester
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Shorouk Badir
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA
| | - Jenny Wai
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA
| | - Eesha Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, USA
| | - Syun-Ru Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - George C Prendergast
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA; Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology and, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Alexander J Muller
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, 100 Lancaster Ave, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA; Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Iron-containing enzymes such as heme enzymes play crucial roles in biological systems. Three distinct heme-containing dioxygenase enzymes, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) catalyze the initial and rate-limiting step of l-tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway in mammals. Overexpression of these enzymes causes depletion of tryptophan and the accumulation of metabolic products, which contributes to tumor immune tolerance and immune dysregulation in a variety of disease pathologies. In the past few decades, IDO1 has garnered the most attention as a therapeutic target with great potential in cancer immunotherapy. Many potential inhibitors of IDO1 have been designed, synthesized and evaluated, among which indoximod (d-1-MT), INCB024360, GDC-0919 (formerly NLG-919), and an IDO1 peptide-based vaccine have advanced to the clinical trial stage. However, recently, the roles of TDO and IDO2 have been elucidated in immune suppression. In this review, the current drug discovery landscape for targeting TDO, IDO1 and IDO2 is highlighted, with particular attention to the recent use of drugs in clinical trials. Moreover, the crystal structures of these enzymes, in complex with inhibitors, and the mechanisms of Trp catabolism in the first step, are summarized to provide information for facilitating the discovery of new enzyme inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daojing Yan
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Immune-modulating enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is effectively inhibited by targeting its apo-form. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018. [PMID: 29531094 PMCID: PMC5879690 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719190115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is a heme protein that catalyzes the dioxygenation of tryptophan. Cells expressing this activity are able to profoundly alter their surrounding environment to suppress the immune response. Cancer cells exploit this pathway to avoid immune-mediated destruction. Through a range of kinetic, structural, and cellular assays, we show that two classes of highly selective inhibitors of IDO1 act by competing with heme binding to apo-IDO1. This shows that IDO1 is dynamically bound to its heme cofactor in what is likely a critical step in the regulation of this enzyme. These results have elucidated a previously undiscovered role for the ubiquitous heme cofactor in immune regulation, and it suggests that other heme proteins in biology may be similarly regulated. For cancer cells to survive and proliferate, they must escape normal immune destruction. One mechanism by which this is accomplished is through immune suppression effected by up-regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), a heme enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine. On deformylation, kynurenine and downstream metabolites suppress T cell function. The importance of this immunosuppressive mechanism has spurred intense interest in the development of clinical IDO1 inhibitors. Herein, we describe the mechanism by which a class of compounds effectively and specifically inhibits IDO1 by targeting its apo-form. We show that the in vitro kinetics of inhibition coincide with an unusually high rate of intrinsic enzyme–heme dissociation, especially in the ferric form. X-ray crystal structures of the inhibitor–enzyme complexes show that heme is displaced from the enzyme and blocked from rebinding by these compounds. The results reveal that apo-IDO1 serves as a unique target for inhibition and that heme lability plays an important role in posttranslational regulation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang H, Liu W, Liu Z, Ju Y, Xu M, Zhang Y, Wu X, Gu Q, Wang Z, Xu J. Discovery of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors using machine learning based virtual screening. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:937-945. [PMID: 30108982 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immune checkpoint, is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. However, current IDO inhibitors are not approved for clinical use yet; therefore, new IDO inhibitors are still demanded. To identify new IDO inhibitors, we have built naive Bayesian (NB) and recursive partitioning (RP) models from a library of known IDO inhibitors derived from recent publications. Thirteen molecular fingerprints were used as descriptors for the models to predict IDO inhibitors. An in-house compound library was virtually screened using the best machine learning model, which resulted in 50 hits for further enzyme-based IDO inhibitory assays. Consequently, we identified three new IDO inhibitors with IC50 values of 1.30, 4.10, and 4.68 μM. These active compounds also showed IDO inhibitory activities in cell-based assays. The compounds belong to the tanshinone family, a typical scaffold family derived from Danshen (a Chinese herb), the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which has been widely used in China, Japan, the United States, and other European countries for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Thus, we discovered a new use for Danshen using machine learning methods. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments proved that the inhibitors interacted with the IDO target. Molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated the binding modes of the IDO inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongao Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| | - Wei Liu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| | - Yingchen Ju
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| | - Yue Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| | - Zhong Wang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China . ; ;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Discovery of potent IDO1 inhibitors derived from tryptophan using scaffold-hopping and structure-based design approaches. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:199-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Pradhan N, Paul S, Deka SJ, Roy A, Trivedi V, Manna D. Identification of Substituted 1H
-Indazoles as Potent Inhibitors for Immunosuppressive Enzyme Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
| | - Saurav Paul
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
| | - Suman Jyoti Deka
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
| | - Ashalata Roy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati- 781039, Assam India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Paul S, Roy A, Deka SJ, Panda S, Srivastava GN, Trivedi V, Manna D. Synthesis and evaluation of oxindoles as promising inhibitors of the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1640-1654. [PMID: 30108875 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is considered as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, chronic infections and other diseases that are associated with immune suppression. Recent developments in understanding the catalytic mechanism of the IDO1 enzyme revealed that conversion of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) to N-formylkynurenine proceeded through an epoxide intermediate state. Accordingly, we synthesized a series of 3-substituted oxindoles from l-Trp, tryptamine and isatin. Compounds with C3-substituted oxindole moieties showed moderate inhibitory activity against the purified human IDO1 enzyme. Their optimization led to the identification of potent compounds, 6, 22, 23 and 25 (IC50 = 0.19 to 0.62 μM), which are competitive inhibitors of IDO1 with respect to l-Trp. These potent compounds also showed IDO1 inhibition potencies in the low-micromolar range (IC50 = 0.33-0.49 μM) in MDA-MB-231 cells. The cytotoxicity of these potent compounds was trivial in different model cancer (MDA-MB-231, A549 and HeLa) cells and macrophage (J774A.1) cells. Stronger selectivity for the IDO1 enzyme (124 to 210-fold) over the tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzyme was also observed for these compounds. These results suggest that the oxindole moiety of the compounds could mimic the epoxide intermediate state of l-Trp. Therefore, the structural simplicity and low-micromolar inhibition potencies of these 3-substituted oxindoles make them quite attractive for further investigation of IDO1 function and immunotherapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Paul
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India . dmanna@iitg. ernet.in
| | - Ashalata Roy
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India . dmanna@iitg. ernet.in
| | - Suman Jyoti Deka
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Subhankar Panda
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India . dmanna@iitg. ernet.in
| | - Gopal Narayan Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India . dmanna@iitg. ernet.in
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India . dmanna@iitg. ernet.in
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abnormal kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism in cardiovascular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2899-2916. [PMID: 28314892 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine pathway (KP) is the primary path of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in most mammalian cells. The KP generates several bioactive catabolites, such as kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), xanthurenic acid (XA), and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). Increased catabolite concentrations in serum are associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including heart disease, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as their risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging. The first catabolic step in KP is primarily controlled by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). Following this first step, the KP has two major branches, one branch is mediated by kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU) and is responsible for the formation of 3-HK, 3-HAA, and quinolinic acid (QA); and another branch is controlled by kynurenine amino-transferase (KAT), which generates KA. Uncontrolled Trp catabolism has been demonstrated in distinct CVD, thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms by which regulates KP enzyme expression and activity is paramount. This review highlights the recent advances on the effect of KP enzyme expression and activity in different tissues on the pathological mechanisms of specific CVD, KP is an inflammatory sensor and modulator in the cardiovascular system, and KP catabolites act as the potential biomarkers for CVD initiation and progression. Moreover, the biochemical features of critical KP enzymes and principles of enzyme inhibitor development are briefly summarized, as well as the therapeutic potential of KP enzyme inhibitors against CVD is briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Panda S, Roy A, Deka SJ, Trivedi V, Manna D. Fused Heterocyclic Compounds as Potent Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1167-1172. [PMID: 27994758 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled metabolism of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) in the immune system has been recognized as a critical cellular process in immune tolerance. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme plays an important role in the metabolism of a local l-Trp through the kynurenine pathway in the immune systems. In this regard, IDO1 has emerged as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases that are associated with immune suppression like chronic infections, cancer, and others. In this study, we synthesized a series of pyridopyrimidine, pyrazolopyranopyrimidine, and dipyrazolopyran derivatives. Further lead optimizations directed to the identification of potent compounds, 4j and 4l (IC50 = 260 and 151 nM, respectively). These compounds also exhibited IDO1 inhibitory activities in the low nanomolar range in MDA-MB-231 cells with very low cytotoxicity. Stronger selectivity for the IDO1 enzyme (>300-fold) over tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzyme was also observed for these compounds. Hence, these fused heterocyclic compounds are attractive candidates for the advanced study of IDO1-dependent cellular function and immunotherapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Panda
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ashalata Roy
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | | | - Debasis Manna
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qian S, He T, Wang W, He Y, Zhang M, Yang L, Li G, Wang Z. Discovery and preliminary structure–activity relationship of 1H-indazoles with promising indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibition properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6194-6205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
33
|
Gaspar H, Cutignano A, Grauso L, Neng N, Cachatra V, Fontana A, Xavier J, Cerejo M, Vieira H, Santos S. Erylusamides: Novel Atypical Glycolipids from Erylus cf. deficiens. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14100179. [PMID: 27727161 PMCID: PMC5082327 DOI: 10.3390/md14100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among marine organisms, sponges are the richest sources of pharmacologically-active compounds. Stemming from a previous lead discovery program that gathered a comprehensive library of organic extracts of marine sponges from the off-shore region of Portugal, crude extracts of Erylus cf. deficiens collected in the Gorringe Bank (Atlantic Ocean) were tested in the innovative high throughput screening (HTS) assay for inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and showed activity. Bioassay guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract led to the isolation of four new glycolipids, named erylusamide A–D. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and chemical derivatization. The metabolites shared a pentasaccharide moiety constituted by unusual highly acetylated d-glucose moieties as well as d-xylose and d-galactose. The aglycones were unprecedented long chain dihydroxyketo amides. Erylusamides A, B and D differ in the length of the hydrocarbon chain, while erylusamide C is a structural isomer of erylusamide B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gaspar
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
- MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Adele Cutignano
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy.
| | - Laura Grauso
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy.
| | - Nuno Neng
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Vasco Cachatra
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Angelo Fontana
- CNR-Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Bio-Organic Chemistry Unit, via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy.
| | - Joana Xavier
- Department of Biology and Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, Bergen N-5020, Norway.
| | - Marta Cerejo
- Research & Innovation Accelerator, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.
| | - Helena Vieira
- BioISI, Instituto de Biociências e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Susana Santos
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB), Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Paul S, Roy A, Deka SJ, Panda S, Trivedi V, Manna D. Nitrobenzofurazan derivatives of N'-hydroxyamidines as potent inhibitors of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:364-375. [PMID: 27267006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway is considered as a crucial mechanism in immune tolerance. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a key role in tryptophan catabolism in the immune system and it is also considered as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer and other diseases that are linked with kynurenine pathway. In this study, a series of nitrobenzofurazan derivatives of N'-hydroxybenzimidamides (1) and N'-hydroxy-2-phenylacetimidamides (2) were synthesized and their inhibitory activities against human IDO1 enzyme were tested using in-vitro and cellular enzyme activity assay. The optimization leads to the identification of potent compounds, 1d, 2i and 2k (IC50 = 39-80 nM), which are either competitive or uncompetitive inhibitors of IDO1 enzyme. These compounds also showed IDO1 inhibition potencies in the nanomolar range (IC50 = 50-71 nM) in MDA-MB-231 cells with no/negligible amount of cytotoxicity. The stronger selectivity of the potent compounds for IDO1 enzyme over tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) enzyme (312-1593-fold) also makes them very attractive for further immunotherapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ashalata Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Suman Jyoti Deka
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Subhankar Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pantouris G, Loudon-Griffiths J, Mowat CG. Insights into the mechanism of inhibition of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase by isatin derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:70-78. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1170013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|