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Al-Aqtash R, Collier DM. Ionotropic purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7) channel structure and pharmacology provides insight regarding non-nucleotide agonism. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2355150. [PMID: 38762911 PMCID: PMC11110710 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2024.2355150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X7 is a member of the Ionotropic Purinergic Receptor (P2X) family. The P2X family of receptors is composed of seven (P2X1-7), ligand-gated, nonselective cation channels. Changes in P2X expression have been reported in multiple disease models. P2Xs have large complex extracellular domains that function as receptors for a variety of ligands, including endogenous and synthetic agonists and antagonists. ATP is the canonical agonist. ATP affinity ranges from nanomolar to micromolar for most P2XRs, but P2X7 has uniquely poor ATP affinity. In many physiological settings, it may be difficult to achieve the millimolar extracellular ATP concentrations needed for P2X7 channel activation; however, channel function is implicated in pain sensation, immune cell function, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis. Multiple high-resolution P2X7 structures have been solved in apo-, ATP-, and antagonist-bound states. P2X7 structural data reveal distinct allosteric and orthosteric antagonist-binding sites. Both allosteric and orthosteric P2X7 antagonists are well documented to inhibit ATP-evoked channel current. However, a growing body of evidence supports P2X7 activation by non-nucleotide agonists, including extracellular histone proteins and human cathelicidin-derived peptides (LL-37). Interestingly, P2X7 non-nucleotide agonism is not inhibited by allosteric antagonists, but is inhibited by orthosteric antagonists. Herein, we review P2X7 function with a focus on the efficacy of available pharmacology on P2X7 channel current activation by non-nucleotide agonists in effort to understand agonist/antagonist efficacy, and consider the impact of these data on the current understanding of P2X7 in physiology and disease given these limitations of P2X7-selective antagonists and incomplete knockout mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua’a Al-Aqtash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel M. Collier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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2
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Garrett TR, Gilchrist J, McKenzie ADJ, Larik FA, Danon JJ, Werry EL, Kassiou M. An Investigation on Linker Modifications of Cyanoguanidine-Based P2X7 Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400163. [PMID: 38782733 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite their acknowledged significance in the inflammatory signalling cascade across a range of disease states, P2X7R antagonists have not yet proven to be effective in clinical trials. In this study, we present findings on P2X7 receptor antagonists that are based on a core adamantyl-cyanoguanidine-quinoline lead. To investigate the specific features of the cyanoguanidine moiety that influence compound potency we carried out a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Compound potency was assessed using an in vitro dye-uptake assay measuring P2X7R pore formation. While none of the compounds displayed superior potency to the lead, we established key structural requirements for potent P2X7R antagonism. An additional SAR using different aryl groups was performed based on the promising activity displayed by the squaramide derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Garrett
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jayson Gilchrist
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andre D J McKenzie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Fayaz Ali Larik
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Danon
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Eryn L Werry
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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3
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Guo Y, Mao T, Fang Y, Wang H, Yu J, Zhu Y, Shen S, Zhou M, Li H, Hu Q. Comprehensive insights into potential roles of purinergic P2 receptors on diseases: Signaling pathways involved and potential therapeutics. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00123-1. [PMID: 38565403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Purinergic P2 receptors, which can be divided into ionotropic P2X receptors and metabotropic P2Y receptors, mediate cellular signal transduction of purine or pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphate. Based on the wide expression of purinergic P2 receptors in tissues and organs, their significance in homeostatic maintenance, metabolism, nociceptive transmission, and other physiological processes is becoming increasingly evident, suggesting that targeting purinergic P2 receptors to regulate biological functions and signal transmission holds significant promise for disease treatment. AIM OF REVIEW This review highlights the detailed mechanisms by which purinergic P2 receptors engage in physiological and pathological progress, as well as providing prospective strategies for discovering clinical drug candidates. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The purinergic P2 receptors regulate complex signaling and molecular mechanisms in nervous system, digestive system, immune system and as a result, controlling physical health states and disease progression. There has been a significant rise in research and development focused on purinergic P2 receptors, contributing to an increased number of drug candidates in clinical trials. A few influential pioneers have laid the foundation for advancements in the evaluation, development, and of novel purinergic P2 receptors modulators, including agonists, antagonists, pharmaceutical compositions and combination strategies, despite the different scaffolds of these drug candidates. These advancements hold great potential for improving therapeutic outcomes by specifically targeting purinergic P2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tianqi Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yafei Fang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiayue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shige Shen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mengze Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Huanqiu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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4
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Ragshaniya A, Kumar V, Tittal RK, Lal K. Nascent pharmacological advancement in adamantane derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300595. [PMID: 38128028 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The adamantane moiety has attracted significant attention since its discovery in 1933 due to its remarkable structural, chemical, and medicinal properties. This molecule has a notable impact in the therapeutic field because of its "add-on" lipophilicity to any pharmacophoric moieties. As in the case of molecular hybridization, in which one pharmacophore is attached to another one(s) with a probability of increasing the biological activity, adding an adamantane unit improves the absorption distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of the resultant hybrid molecule. This review summarizes various reports highlighting the biological activities of adamantane-based synthetic compounds and their structure-activity relationship study. The information presented in this review may open up possible dimensions for adamantane-based drug development and discovery in the pharmaceutical industry after proper structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ragshaniya
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ram Kumar Tittal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
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5
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Beltran-Lobo P, Hughes MM, Troakes C, Croft CL, Rupawala H, Jutzi D, Ruepp MD, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Perkinton MS, Kassiou M, Golde TE, Hanger DP, Verkhratsky A, Perez-Nievas BG, Noble W. P2X 7R influences tau aggregate burden in human tauopathies and shows distinct signalling in microglia and astrocytes. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:414-429. [PMID: 37716378 PMCID: PMC10896738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purinoceptor P2X7R is a promising therapeutic target for tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of P2X7R ameliorates cognitive deficits and reduces pathological tau burden in mice that model aspects of tauopathy, including mice expressing mutant human frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-causing forms of tau. However, disagreements remain over which glial cell types express P2X7R and therefore the mechanism of action is unresolved. Here, we show that P2X7R protein levels increase in human AD post-mortem brain, in agreement with an upregulation of P2RX7 mRNA observed in transcriptome profiles from the AMP-AD consortium. P2X7R protein increases mirror advancing Braak stage and coincide with synapse loss. Using RNAScope we detect P2RX7 mRNA in microglia and astrocytes in human AD brain, including in the vicinity of senile plaques. In cultured microglia, P2X7R activation modulates the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by promoting the formation of active complexes and release of IL-1β. In astrocytes, P2X7R activates NFκB signalling and increases production of the cytokines CCL2, CXCL1 and IL-6 together with the acute phase protein Lcn2. To further explore the role of P2X7R in a disease-relevant context, we expressed wild-type or FTD-causing mutant forms of tau in mouse organotypic brain slice cultures. Inhibition of P2X7R reduces insoluble tau levels without altering soluble tau phosphorylation or synaptic localisation, suggesting a non-cell autonomous role of glial P2X7R on pathological tau aggregation. These findings support further investigations into the cell-type specific effects of P2X7R-targeting therapies in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Beltran-Lobo
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Martina M Hughes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Cara L Croft
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Huzefa Rupawala
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Daniel Jutzi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | | | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Department of Neurology, Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Diane P Hanger
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Beatriz G Perez-Nievas
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK.
| | - Wendy Noble
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RX, UK; University of Exeter, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Hatherly Laboratories, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK.
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6
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Mafra JCM, Boechat N, Teixeira GP, Faria RX. Synthetic molecules as P2X7 receptor antagonists: A medicinal chemistry update focusing the therapy of inflammatory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:175999. [PMID: 37619787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the P2X7 receptor by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate induces a series of responses in the organism, exceptionally protein cascades related to the proinflammatory process. This has made P2X7 a target for research on inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, the incessant search for new prototypes that aim to antagonize the action of P2X7 has been remarkable in recent decades, a factor that has already led to numerous clinical studies in humans. In this review, we present the key molecules developed over the years with potential inhibition of P2X7 and inflammation. In addition, an update with newly developed chemical classes with promising activity and results in clinical studies for human pathologies focusing on P2X7 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Martins Mafra
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos (LASFAR) - Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz Brazil; Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro - IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos (LASFAR) - Farmanguinhos - Fiocruz Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Pegas Teixeira
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de Janeiro Fiocruz Brazil.
| | - Robson Xavier Faria
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de Janeiro Fiocruz Brazil.
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7
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Fratta S, Biniecka P, Moreno-Vargas AJ, Carmona AT, Nahimana A, Duchosal MA, Piacente F, Bruzzone S, Caffa I, Nencioni A, Robina I. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of new nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors with antitumor activity on solid and haematological cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115170. [PMID: 36787658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are highly dependent on Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) activity for proliferation, therefore NAMPT represents an interesting target for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Several compounds, such as FK866 and CHS828, were identified as potent NAMPT inhibitors with strong anti-cancer activity, although none of them reached the late stages of clinical trials. We present herein the preparation of three libraries of new inhibitors containing (pyridin-3-yl)triazole, (pyridin-3-yl)thiourea and (pyridin-3/4-yl)cyanoguanidine as cap/connecting unit and a furyl group at the tail position of the compound. Antiproliferative activity in vitro was evaluated on a panel of solid and haematological cancer cell lines and most of the synthesized compounds showed nanomolar or sub-nanomolar cytotoxic activity in MiaPaCa-2 (pancreatic cancer), ML2 (acute myeloid leukemia), JRKT (acute lymphobalistic leukemia), NMLW (Burkitt lymphoma), RPMI8226 (multiple myeloma) and NB4 (acute myeloid leukemia), with lower IC50 values than those reported for FK866. Notably, compounds 35a, 39a and 47 showed cytotoxic activity against ML2 with IC50 = 18, 46 and 49 pM, and IC50 towards MiaPaCa-2 of 0.005, 0.455 and 2.81 nM, respectively. Moreover, their role on the NAD+ synthetic pathway was demonstrated by the NAMPT inhibition assay. Finally, the intracellular NAD+ depletion was confirmed in vitro to induced ROS accumulation that cause a time-dependent mitochondrial membrane depolarization, leading to ATP loss and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fratta
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Paulina Biniecka
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Laboratory and Pathology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio J Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Ana T Carmona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Laboratory and Pathology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel A Duchosal
- Central Laboratory of Hematology, Medical Laboratory and Pathology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Hematology, Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Piacente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 41012, Spain.
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8
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From lead to clinic: A review of the structural design of P2X7R antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115234. [PMID: 36893624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
P2X7R, which is a member of the purinergic P2 receptor family, is widely expressed in many immune cells, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. P2X7R is upregulated in response to proinflammatory stimulation, which is closely related to a variety of inflammatory diseases. The inhibition of P2X7 receptors has resulted in the elimination or reduction of symptoms in animal models of arthritis, depression, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the development of P2X7R antagonists is of great significance for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. This review classifies the reported P2X7R antagonists according to their different cores, focuses on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the compounds, and analyzes some common substituents and strategies in the design of lead compounds, with the hope of providing valuable information for the development of new and efficient P2X7R antagonists.
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9
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Mahmood A, Iqbal J. Purinergic receptors modulators: An emerging pharmacological tool for disease management. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1661-1703. [PMID: 35561109 DOI: 10.1002/med.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is mediated through extracellular nucleotides (adenosine 5'-triphosphate, uridine-5'-triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, uridine-5'-diphosphate, and adenosine) that serve as signaling molecules. In the early 1990s, purines and pyrimidine receptors were cloned and characterized drawing the attention of scientists toward this aspect of cellular signaling. This signaling pathway is comprised of four subtypes of adenosine receptors (P1), eight subtypes of G-coupled protein receptors (P2YRs), and seven subtypes of ligand-gated ionotropic receptors (P2XRs). In current studies, the pathophysiology and therapeutic potentials of these receptors have been focused on. Various ligands, modulating the functions of purinergic receptors, are in current clinical practices for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, several purinergic receptors ligands are in advanced phases of clinical trials as a remedy for depression, epilepsy, autism, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, and cancers. In the present study, agonists and antagonists of purinergic receptors have been summarized that may serve as pharmacological tools for drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Mahmood
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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10
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Jackson A, Werry EL, O'Brien-Brown J, Schiavini P, Wilkinson S, Wong ECN, McKenzie ADJ, Maximova A, Kassiou M. Pharmacological characterization of a structural hybrid P2X7R antagonist using ATP and LL-37. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174667. [PMID: 34863711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) have the potential to treat diseases where neuroinflammation is present such as depression, chronic pain and Alzheimer's disease. We recently developed a structural hybrid (C1; 1-((adamantan-1-yl)methyl)-2-cyano-3-(quinolin-5-yl)guanidine) of a purported competitive P2X7R antagonist (C2; 2-cyano-1-((1S)-1-phenylethyl)-3-(quinolin-5-yl)guanidine) and a likely negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of the P2X7R (C3; N-((adamantan-1-yl)methyl)-2-chloro-5-methoxybenzamide). Here we aimed to pharmacologically characterize C1, to gain insights into how select structural components impact antagonist interaction with the P2X7R. A second aim was to examine the role of the peptide LL-37, an apparent activator of the P2X7R, and compare the ability of multiple P2X7R antagonists to block its effects. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were characterised using washout, Schild and receptor protection studies, all using dye uptake assays in HEK293 cells expressing the P2X7R. LL-37 was examined in the same HEK293 cells and THP-1 monocytes. Compounds 2 and 3 acted as a BzATP-competitive antagonist and NAM of the P2X7R respectively. Compound 1 was a slowly reversible NAM of the P2X7R suggesting the incorporation of an appropriately positioned adamantane promotes binding to the allosteric site of the P2X7R. LL-37 was shown to potentiate the ability of ATP to induce dye uptake at low concentrations (1-3 μg mL-1) or induce dye uptake alone at higher concentrations (10-20 μg mL-1). None of the P2X7R antagonists studied were able to block LL-37-induced dye uptake bringing in to question the ability of current P2X7R antagonists to inhibit the inflammatory action of LL-37 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jackson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eryn L Werry
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Paolo Schiavini
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Shane Wilkinson
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Erick C N Wong
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - André D J McKenzie
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alexandra Maximova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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11
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Liu H, Hu X, Jiang R, Cai J, Lin Q, Fan Z, Zhao P, Wang S, Zou C, Du W, Dong Z, Liu Y. CQMUH-011 Inhibits LPS-Induced Microglia Activation and Ameliorates Brain Ischemic Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2021; 44:1345-1358. [PMID: 33528726 PMCID: PMC8285337 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. CQMUH-011, as a novel adamantane sulfonamide compound, has been shown anti-inflammatory properties in activated macrophages (RAW264.7). However, the role of CQMUH-011 in microglial activation-induced neuroinflammation and neuroprotective properties has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of CQMUH-011 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary microglia in vitro and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO)-induced acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. The results demonstrated that CQMUH-011 significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β by LPS-stimulated primary microglia. In addition, CQMUH-011 inhibited the proliferation of activated microglia by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase accompanied by downregulating the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1. CQMUH-011 was seen to induce apoptosis in activated microglia by regulating the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Furthermore, CQMUH-011 markedly attenuated the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) as well as the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB) subunit p65, inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IκBα), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinases. In vivo, CQMUH-011 administration significantly improved neurological function and infarct volume, and ameliorated the inflammatory cytokines and microglia amount around the injury site of mice. In conclusion, these results suggested that CQMUH-011 has a notable anti-inflammatory effect and protects mice from I/R injure. Thus, CQMUH-011 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Xiangnan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianghui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhiguo Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Chunqiao Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New zone, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Weimin Du
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingju Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, the Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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12
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Calzaferri F, Narros-Fernández P, de Pascual R, de Diego AMG, Nicke A, Egea J, García AG, de Los Ríos C. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Non-nucleotide Purine Derivatives as P2X7 Antagonists for the Treatment of Neuroinflammation. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2272-2290. [PMID: 33560845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-gated P2X7 purinergic receptor (P2X7) is involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Several P2X7 antagonists have been developed, though none of them reached clinical trials for this indication. In this work, we designed and synthesized novel blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable derivatives as potential P2X7 antagonists. They comprise purine or xanthine cores linked to an aryl group through different short spacers. Compounds were tested in YO-PRO-1 uptake assays and intracellular calcium dynamics in a human P2X7-expressing HEK293 cell line, two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and in interleukin 1β release assays in mouse peritoneal macrophages. BBB permeability was assessed by parallel artificial membrane permeability assays and P-glycoprotein ATPase activity. Dichloroarylpurinylethanones featured a certain P2X7 blockade, being compound 6 (2-(6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethan-1-one), named ITH15004, the most potent, selective, and BBB-permeable antagonist. Compound 6 can be considered as a first non-nucleotide purine hit for future drug optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calzaferri
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Narros-Fernández
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62-1a Planta, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo de Pascual
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio M G de Diego
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62-1a Planta, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62-1a Planta, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Ríos
- Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, C/ Diego de León, 62-1a Planta, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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13
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CQMUH-011 Inhibits LPS-Induced Microglia Activation and Ameliorates Brain Ischemic Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2021. [PMID: 33528726 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01420-3.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. CQMUH-011, as a novel adamantane sulfonamide compound, has been shown anti-inflammatory properties in activated macrophages (RAW264.7). However, the role of CQMUH-011 in microglial activation-induced neuroinflammation and neuroprotective properties has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of CQMUH-011 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary microglia in vitro and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO)-induced acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. The results demonstrated that CQMUH-011 significantly suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β by LPS-stimulated primary microglia. In addition, CQMUH-011 inhibited the proliferation of activated microglia by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/S phase accompanied by downregulating the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1. CQMUH-011 was seen to induce apoptosis in activated microglia by regulating the expression of Bax and Bcl-2. Furthermore, CQMUH-011 markedly attenuated the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) as well as the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-kappa (NF-κB) subunit p65, inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IκBα), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinases. In vivo, CQMUH-011 administration significantly improved neurological function and infarct volume, and ameliorated the inflammatory cytokines and microglia amount around the injury site of mice. In conclusion, these results suggested that CQMUH-011 has a notable anti-inflammatory effect and protects mice from I/R injure. Thus, CQMUH-011 may be a candidate drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemia patients.
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14
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T Pournara D, Durner A, Kritsi E, Papakostas A, Zoumpoulakis P, Nicke A, Koufaki M. Design, Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of P2X7 Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2530-2543. [PMID: 32964578 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a promising target for the treatment of various diseases due to its significant role in inflammation and immune cell signaling. This work describes the design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a series of novel derivatives bearing diverse scaffolds as potent P2X7 antagonists. Our approach was based on structural modifications of reported (adamantan-1-yl)methylbenzamides able to inhibit the receptor activation. The adamantane moieties and the amide bond were replaced, and the replacements were evaluated by a ligand-based pharmacophore model. The antagonistic potency of the synthesized analogues was assessed by two-electrode voltage clamp experiments, using Xenopus laevis oocytes that express the human P2X7 receptor. SAR studies suggested that the replacement of the adamantane ring by an aryl-cyclohexyl moiety afforded the most potent antagonists against the activation of the P2X7 cation channel, with analogue 2-chloro-N-[1-(3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl)cyclohexyl)methyl]benzamide (56) exhibiting the best potency with an IC50 value of 0.39 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra T Pournara
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece) E-mail: mailto
| | - Anna Durner
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstr. 26, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Eftichia Kritsi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece) E-mail: mailto
| | - Alexios Papakostas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece) E-mail: mailto
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece) E-mail: mailto
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstr. 26, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Maria Koufaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635, Athens, Greece) E-mail: mailto
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15
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Calzaferri F, Ruiz-Ruiz C, de Diego AMG, de Pascual R, Méndez-López I, Cano-Abad MF, Maneu V, de Los Ríos C, Gandía L, García AG. The purinergic P2X7 receptor as a potential drug target to combat neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2427-2465. [PMID: 32677086 DOI: 10.1002/med.21710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent a huge social burden, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which all proposed treatments investigated in murine models have failed during clinical trials (CTs). Thus, novel therapeutic strategies remain crucial. Neuroinflammation is a common pathogenic feature of NDDs. As purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) are gatekeepers of inflammation, they could be developed as drug targets for NDDs. Herein, we review this challenging hypothesis and comment on the numerous studies that have investigated P2X7Rs, emphasizing their molecular structure and functions, as well as their role in inflammation. Then, we elaborate on research undertaken in the field of medicinal chemistry to determine potential P2X7R antagonists. Subsequently, we review the state of neuroinflammation and P2X7R expression in the brain, in animal models and patients suffering from AD, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and retinal degeneration. Next, we summarize the in vivo studies testing the hypothesis that by mitigating neuroinflammation, P2X7R blockers afford neuroprotection, increasing neuroplasticity and neuronal repair in animal models of NDDs. Finally, we reviewed previous and ongoing CTs investigating compounds directed toward targets associated with NDDs; we propose that CTs with P2X7R antagonists should be initiated. Despite the high expectations for putative P2X7Rs antagonists in various central nervous system diseases, the field is moving forward at a relatively slow pace, presumably due to the complexity of P2X7Rs. A better pharmacological approach to combat NDDs would be a dual strategy, combining P2X7R antagonism with drugs targeting a selective pathway in a given NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calzaferri
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio M G de Diego
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo de Pascual
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Méndez-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María F Cano-Abad
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Ríos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gandía
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto-Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Ruiz-Ruiz C, Calzaferri F, García AG. P2X7 Receptor Antagonism as a Potential Therapy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:93. [PMID: 32595451 PMCID: PMC7303288 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the purinergic ionotropic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) as a potential target for developing drugs that delay the onset and/or disease progression in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Description of clinical and genetic ALS features is followed by an analysis of advantages and drawbacks of transgenic mouse models of disease based on mutations in a bunch of proteins, particularly Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), TAR-DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43), Fused in Sarcoma/Translocated in Sarcoma (FUS), and Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72). Though of limited value, these models are however critical to study the proof of concept of new compounds, before reaching clinical trials. The authors also provide a description of ALS pathogenesis including protein aggregation, calcium-dependent excitotoxicity, dysfunction of calcium-binding proteins, ultrastructural mitochondrial alterations, disruption of mitochondrial calcium handling, and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding disease pathogenic pathways may ease the identification of new drug targets. Subsequently, neuroinflammation linked with P2X7Rs in ALS pathogenesis is described in order to understand the rationale of placing the use of P2X7R antagonists as a new therapeutic pharmacological approach to ALS. This is the basis for the hypothesis that a P2X7R blocker could mitigate the neuroinflammatory state, indirectly leading to neuroprotection and higher motoneuron survival in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz-Ruiz
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Calzaferri
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Gelin CF, Bhattacharya A, Letavic MA. P2X7 receptor antagonists for the treatment of systemic inflammatory disorders. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2020; 59:63-99. [PMID: 32362329 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 has continued to be a target of immense interest since it is implicated in several peripheral and central nervous system disorders that result from inflammation. This review primarily describes new P2X7 receptor antagonists that have been investigated and disclosed in patent applications or primary literature since 2015. While a crystal structure of the receptor to aid in the design of novel chemical structures remains elusive, many of the chemotypes that have been disclosed contain similarities, with an amide motif present in all series that have been explored to date. Several of the recent antagonists described are brain penetrant, and two compounds are currently in clinical trials for CNS indications. Additionally, brain penetrant PET ligands have been developed that aid in measuring target engagement and these ligands can potentially be used as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Gelin
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Anindya Bhattacharya
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael A Letavic
- Discovery Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, San Diego, CA, United States
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18
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Lyakhovich MS, Murashkina AV, Averin AD, Abel AS, Maloshitskaya OA, Savelyev EN, Orlinson BS, Beletskaya IP. Arylation of Adamantanamines: X. Palladium- and Copper-Catalyzed Heteroarylation of Adamantane-Containing Amines with Bromopyridines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019060010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Faria RX, de Jesus Hiller N, Salles JP, Resende JALC, Diogo RT, von Ranke NL, Bello ML, Rodrigues CR, Castro HC, de Luna Martins D. Arylboronic acids inhibit P2X7 receptor function and the acute inflammatory response. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 51:277-290. [PMID: 31256283 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ion channel which is activated by interactions with the extracellular ATP molecules. The molecular complex P2X7R/ATP induces conformational changes in the protein subunits, opening a pore in the ion channel macromolecular structure. Currently, the P2X7R has been studied as a potential therapeutic target of anti-inflammatory drugs. Based on this, a series of eight boronic acids (NO) analogs were evaluated on the biologic effect of this pharmacophoric group on the human and murine P2X7R. The boronic acids derivatives NO-01 and NO-12 inhibited in vitro human and murine P2X7R function. These analogs compounds showed effect better than compound BBG and similar to inhibitor A740003 for inhibiting dye uptake, in vitro IL-1β release and ATP-induced paw edema in vivo. In both, in vitro and in vivo assays the compound NO-01 showed to be the hit compound in the present series of the arylboronic acids analogs. The molecular docking suggests that the NO derivatives bind into the upper body domain of the P2X7 pore and that the main intermolecular interaction with the two most active NO derivatives occur with the residues Phe 95, 103 and 293 by hydrophobic interactions and with Leu97, Gln98 and Ser101 by hydrogen bonds.. These results indicate that the boronic acid derivative NO-01 shows the lead compound characteristics to be used as a scaffold structure to the development of new P2X7R inhibitors with anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Xavier Faria
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoans, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilion 108, room 32, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, Fiocruz, 21045-900, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Noemi de Jesus Hiller
- Research Group on Catalysis and Synthesis, Laboratory 413, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pimenta Salles
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoans, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilion 108, room 32, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, Fiocruz, 21045-900, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Tosta Diogo
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis and Other Protozoans, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Pavilion 108, room 32, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, Fiocruz, 21045-900, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lidmar von Ranke
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.,Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Murilo Lamim Bello
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Sciences and Biotechnology, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Luna Martins
- Research Group on Catalysis and Synthesis, Laboratory 413, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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20
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Bhattacharya A, Lord B, Grigoleit JS, He Y, Fraser I, Campbell SN, Taylor N, Aluisio L, O’Connor JC, Papp M, Chrovian C, Carruthers N, Lovenberg TW, Letavic MA. Neuropsychopharmacology of JNJ-55308942: evaluation of a clinical candidate targeting P2X7 ion channels in animal models of neuroinflammation and anhedonia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2586-2596. [PMID: 30026598 PMCID: PMC6224414 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data continues to point towards a relationship between neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric disorders. ATP-induced activation of P2X7 results in IL-1β release causing neuroinflammation and microglial activation. This study describes the in-vitro and in-vivo neuropharmacology of a novel brain-penetrant P2X7 antagonist, JNJ-55308942, currently in clinical development. JNJ-55308942 is a high-affinity, selective, brain-penetrant (brain/plasma of 1) P2X7 functional antagonist. In human blood and in mouse blood and microglia, JNJ-55308942 attenuated IL-1β release in a potent and concentration-dependent manner. After oral dosing, the compound exhibited both dose and concentration-dependent occupancy of rat brain P2X7 with an ED50 of 0.07 mg/kg. The P2X7 antagonist (3 mg/kg, oral) blocked Bz-ATP-induced brain IL-1β release in conscious rats, demonstrating functional effects of target engagement in the brain. JNJ-55308942 (30 mg/kg, oral) attenuated LPS-induced microglial activation in mice, assessed at day 2 after a single systemic LPS injection (0.8 mg/kg, i.p.), suggesting a role for P2X7 in microglial activation. In a model of BCG-induced depression, JNJ-55308942 dosed orally (30 mg/kg), reversed the BCG-induced deficits of sucrose preference and social interaction, indicating for the first time a role of P2X7 in the BCG model of depression, probably due to the neuroinflammatory component induced by BCG inoculation. Finally, in a rat model of chronic stress induced sucrose intake deficit, JNJ-55308942 reversed the deficit with concurrent high P2X7 brain occupancy as measured by autoradiography. This body of data demonstrates that JNJ-55308942 is a potent P2X7 antagonist, engages the target in brain, modulates IL-1β release and microglial activation leading to efficacy in two models of anhedonia in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Bhattacharya
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA, 92131, USA.
| | - Brian Lord
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | | | - Yingbo He
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | - Ian Fraser
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | - Shannon N. Campbell
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | - Natalie Taylor
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | - Leah Aluisio
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | - Jason C. O’Connor
- 0000 0004 0617 9080grid.414059.dDepartment of Pharmacology, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr. and Audie L. Murphy VA Hospital, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA
| | - Mariusz Papp
- 0000 0001 2227 8271grid.418903.7Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna, Krakow, 31-343 Poland
| | - Christa Chrovian
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | - Nicholas Carruthers
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | - Timothy W. Lovenberg
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
| | - Michael A. Letavic
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC. Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, San Diego, CA 92131 USA
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21
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Abstract
Cubane is a highly strained saturated hydrocarbon system that has historically been of interest in theoretical organic chemistry. More recently it has become a molecule of interest for biological applications due to its inherent stability and limited toxicity. Of greater significance is the ability to potentially functionalize cubane at each of its carbon atoms, providing complex biologically active molecules with unique spatial arrangements for probing active sites. These characteristics have led to an increased use of cubane in pharmaceutically relevant molecules. In this Perspective we describe synthetic methodology for accessing a range of functionalized cubanes and their applications in pharmaceuticals. We also provide some perspectives on challenges and future directions in the advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A Reekie
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
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22
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Wei L, Syed Mortadza SA, Yan J, Zhang L, Wang L, Yin Y, Li C, Chalon S, Emond P, Belzung C, Li D, Lu C, Roger S, Jiang LH. ATP-activated P2X7 receptor in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and as an emerging target for the development of novel antidepressant therapeutics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:192-205. [PMID: 29453990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions that represent leading global disease burdens. Increasing evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supports that innate immune system dysfunction plays an important part in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. P2X7 receptor, belonging to the ligand-gated ion channel P2X subfamily of purinergic P2 receptors for extracellular ATP, is highly expressed in immune cells including microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and has a vital role in mediating innate immune response. The P2X7 receptor is also important in neuron-glia signalling in the CNS. The gene encoding human P2X7 receptor is located in a locus of susceptibility to mood disorders. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in understanding the role of the P2X7 receptor in the pathogenesis and development of mood disorders and in discovering CNS-penetrable P2X7 antagonists for potential uses in in vivo imaging to monitor brain inflammation and antidepressant therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Wei
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sharifah A Syed Mortadza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jing Yan
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Chaokun Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- Inserm UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- Inserm UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, Tours, France
| | | | - Dongliang Li
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Chengbiao Lu
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; Key Laboratory for the Brain Research of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Sebastien Roger
- Inserm UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université de Tours, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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23
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Callis TB, Reekie TA, O'Brien-Brown J, Wong EC, Werry EL, Elias N, Jorgensen WT, Tsanaktsidis J, Rendina LM, Kassiou M. The role of polycyclic frameworks in modulating P2X7 receptor function. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Savio LEB, de Andrade Mello P, da Silva CG, Coutinho-Silva R. The P2X7 Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: Angel or Demon? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:52. [PMID: 29467654 PMCID: PMC5808178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is present at low levels in the extracellular milieu, being massively released by stressed or dying cells. Once outside the cells, ATP and related nucleotides/nucleoside generated by ectonucleotidases mediate a high evolutionary conserved signaling system: the purinergic signaling, which is involved in a variety of pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases. Extracellular ATP has been considered an endogenous adjuvant that can initiate inflammation by acting as a danger signal through the activation of purinergic type 2 receptors-P2 receptors (P2Y G-protein coupled receptors and P2X ligand-gated ion channels). Among the P2 receptors, the P2X7 receptor is the most extensively studied from an immunological perspective, being involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. P2X7 receptor activation induces large-scale ATP release via its intrinsic ability to form a membrane pore or in association with pannexin hemichannels, boosting purinergic signaling. ATP acting via P2X7 receptor is the second signal to the inflammasome activation, inducing both maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, and the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. Furthermore, the P2X7 receptor is involved in caspases activation, as well as in apoptosis induction. During adaptive immune response, P2X7 receptor modulates the balance between the generation of T helper type 17 (Th17) and T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes. Therefore, this receptor is involved in several inflammatory pathological conditions. In infectious diseases and cancer, P2X7 receptor can have different and contrasting effects, being an angel or a demon depending on its level of activation, cell studied, type of pathogen, and severity of infection. In neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, P2X7 upregulation and function appears to contribute to disease progression. In this review, we deeply discuss P2X7 receptor dual function and its pharmacological modulation in the context of different pathologies, and we also highlight the P2X7 receptor as a potential target to treat inflammatory related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E B Savio
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola de Andrade Mello
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cleide Gonçalves da Silva
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Averin AD, Panchenko SP, Abel AS, Maloshitskaya OA, Butov GM, Savelyev EN, Orlinson BS, Novakov IA, Beletskaya IP. Arylation of adamantanamines: IX. Copper(I)-catalyzed arylation of adamantane-containing amines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017120028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Wong ECN, Reekie TA, Werry EL, O'Brien-Brown J, Bowyer SL, Kassiou M. Pharmacological evaluation of a novel series of urea, thiourea and guanidine derivatives as P2X 7 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2439-2442. [PMID: 28408229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on P2X7 receptor antagonists based on a lead adamantly-cyanoguanidine-aryl moiety. We have investigated the importance of the central cyanoguanidine moiety by replacing it with urea, thiourea or guanidine moieties. We have also investigated the linker length between the central moiety and the aryl portion. All compounds were assessed for their inhibitory potency in a pore-formation dye uptake assay at the P2X7 receptor. None of the compounds resulted in an improved potency illustrating the importance of the cyanoguanidine moiety in this chemotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick C N Wong
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan A Reekie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Eryn L Werry
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Sarah L Bowyer
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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