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Alves Reis IM, da Silva GR, de Mattos Oliveira L, Coelho Dos Santos Junior M, Sarmento da Silva TM, Curcino Vieira IJ, Braz-Filho R, Romanelli MM, Amaral M, Tempone AG, Ghilardi Lago JH, Branco A. In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Leishmanicidal and Trypanocidal Activities of Lignan Methylpiperitol Isolated from Persea Fulva. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400678. [PMID: 39086087 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases are a significant concern as they encompass various infections caused by pathogens prevalent in tropical regions. The limited and often highly toxic treatment options for these diseases necessitate the exploration of new therapeutic candidates. In the present study, the lignan methylpiperitol was isolated after several chromatographic steps from Persea fulva L. E. Koop (Lauraceae) and its leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities were evaluated using in vitro and in silico approaches. The chemical structure of methylpiperitol was defined by NMR and MS spectral data analysis. The antiprotozoal activity of methylpiperitol was determined in vitro and indicated potency against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (EC50 of 4.5±1.1 mM) and amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum (EC50 of 4.1±0.5 mM), with no mammalian cytotoxicity against NCTC cells (CC50>200 mM). Molecular docking studies were conducted using six T. cruzi and four Leishmania. The results indicate that for the molecular target hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase in T. cruzi and piteridine reductase 1 of L. infatum, the methylpiperitol obtained better results than the crystallographic ligand. Therefore, the lignan methylpiperitol, isolated from P. fulva holds potential for the development of new prototypes for the treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases, especially leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Mary Alves Reis
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Girliane Regina da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Fitoquímica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Mattos Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Tania Maria Sarmento da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção Fitoquímica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ivo José Curcino Vieira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- PVE-FAPERJ/DEQUIM-ICE - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23894-374, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara Amaral
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexsandro Branco
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica, Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
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de Oliveira Viana J, Sena Mendes M, Santos Castilho M, Olímpio de Moura R, Guimarães Barbosa E. Spiro-Acridine Compound as a Pteridine Reductase 1 Inhibitor: in silico Target Fishing and in vitro Studies. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300545. [PMID: 38445815 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Among the many neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis ranks second in mortality rate and prevalence. In a previous study, acridine derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antileishmanial activity against L. chagasi. The most active compound identified in that study (1) showed a single digit IC50 value against the parasite (1.10 μg/mL), but its macromolecular target remained unknown. Aiming to overcome this limitation, this work exploited inverse virtual screening to identify compound 1's putative molecular mechanism of action. In vitro assays confirmed that compound 1 binds to Leishmania chagasi pteridine reductase 1 (LcPTR1), with moderate affinity (Kd=33,1 μM), according to differential scanning fluorimetry assay. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the stability of LcPTR1-compound 1 complex, supporting a competitive mechanism of action. Therefore, the workflow presented in this work successfully identified PTR1 as a macromolecular target for compound 1, allowing the designing of novel potent antileishmanial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssika de Oliveira Viana
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, University Campus I-Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970
| | - Marina Sena Mendes
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, University Campus Ondina - Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110
| | - Marcelo Santos Castilho
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, University Campus Ondina - Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110
| | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, University Campus I - Universitário, Campina, Grande - PB, 58429-500
| | - Euzébio Guimarães Barbosa
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, University Campus I-Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, University Campus I - Petrópolis, Natal, RN, 59012-570
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3
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González-Matos M, Aguado ME, Izquierdo M, Monzote L, González-Bacerio J. Compounds with potentialities as novel chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis at preclinical level. Exp Parasitol 2024; 260:108747. [PMID: 38518969 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis are neglected infectious diseases caused by kinetoplastid protozoan parasites from the genus Leishmania. These sicknesses are present mainly in tropical regions and almost 1 million new cases are reported each year. The absence of vaccines, as well as the high cost, toxicity or resistance to the current drugs determines the necessity of new treatments against these pathologies. In this review, several compounds with potentialities as new antileishmanial drugs are presented. The discussion is restricted to the preclinical level and molecules are organized according to their chemical nature, source and molecular targets. In this manner, we present antimicrobial peptides, flavonoids, withanolides, 8-aminoquinolines, compounds from Leish-Box, pyrazolopyrimidines, and inhibitors of tubulin polymerization/depolymerization, topoisomerase IB, proteases, pteridine reductase, N-myristoyltransferase, as well as enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism, response against oxidative stress, signaling pathways, and sterol biosynthesis. This work is a contribution to the general knowledge of these compounds as antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel González-Matos
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Mirtha Elisa Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Izquierdo
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Department of Parasitology, Center for Research, Diagnosis and Reference, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia Del Mediodía Km 6½, La Lisa, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba.
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4
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Panecka-Hofman J, Poehner I. Structure and dynamics of pteridine reductase 1: the key phenomena relevant to enzyme function and drug design. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2023; 52:521-532. [PMID: 37608196 PMCID: PMC10618315 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) is a folate and pterin pathway enzyme unique for pathogenic trypanosomatids. As a validated drug target, PTR1 has been the focus of recent research efforts aimed at finding more effective treatments against human parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis or sleeping sickness. Previous PTR1-centered structural studies highlighted the enzyme characteristics, such as flexible regions around the active site, highly conserved structural waters, and species-specific differences in pocket properties and dynamics, which likely impacts the binding of natural substrates and inhibitors. Furthermore, several aspects of the PTR1 function, such as the substrate inhibition phenomenon and the level of ligand binding cooperativity in the enzyme homotetramer, likely related to the global enzyme dynamics, are poorly known at the molecular level. We postulate that future drug design efforts could greatly benefit from a better understanding of these phenomena through studying both the local and global PTR1 dynamics. This review highlights the key aspects of the PTR1 structure and dynamics relevant to structure-based drug design that could be effectively investigated by modeling approaches. Particular emphasis is given to the perspective of molecular dynamics, what has been accomplished in this area to date, and how modeling could impact the PTR1-targeted drug design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Panecka-Hofman
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ina Poehner
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Ibrahim TM, Abada G, Dammann M, Maklad RM, Eldehna WM, Salem R, Abdelaziz MM, El-Domany RA, Bekhit AA, Beockler FM. Tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinoline derivatives as a novel chemotype for dual antileishmanial-antimalarial activity graced with antitubercular activity: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115534. [PMID: 37269671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives with tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinoline chemotype were synthesized via one-pot reactions and evaluated for their antileishmanial, antimalarial and antitubercular activities. Based on a structure-guided approach, they were designed to possess antileishmanial activity through antifolate mechanism, via targeting Leishmania major pteridine reductase 1 (Lm-PTR1). The in vitro antipromastigote and antiamastigote activity are promising for all candidates and superior to the reference miltefosine, in a low or sub micromolar range of activity. Their antifolate mechanism was confirmed via the ability of folic and folinic acids to reverse the antileishmanial activity of these compounds, comparably to Lm-PTR1 inhibitor trimethoprim. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed a stable and high potential binding of the most active candidates against leishmanial PTR1. For the antimalarial activity, most of the compounds exhibited promising antiplasmodial effect against P. berghei with suppression percentage of up to 97.78%. The most active compounds were further screened in vitro against the chloroquine resistant strain P. falciparum, (RKL9) and showed IC50 value range of 0.0198-0.096 μM, compared to IC50 value of 0.19420 μM for chloroquine sulphate. Molecular docking of the most active compounds against the wild-type and quadruple mutant pf DHFR-TS structures rationalized the in vitro antimalarial activity. Some candidates showed good antitubercular activity against sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a low micromolar range of MIC, compared to 0.875 μM of isoniazid. The top active ones were further tested against a multidrug-resistant strain (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant strain (XDR) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Interestingly, the in vitro cytotoxicity test of the best candidates displayed high selectivity indices emphasizing their safety on mammalian cells. Generally, this work introduces a fruitful matrix for new dual acting antileishmanial-antimalarial chemotype graced with antitubercular activity. This would help in tackling drug-resistance issues in treating some Neglected Tropical Diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt; Laboratory for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany; Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ghada Abada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Marcel Dammann
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Raed M Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt; Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Rofaida Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdelaziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology & Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramadan A El-Domany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Frank M Beockler
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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6
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do Carmo Maquiaveli C, da Silva ER, Hild de Jesus B, Oliveira Monteiro CE, Rodrigues Navarro T, Pereira Branco LO, Souza dos Santos I, Figueiredo Reis N, Portugal AB, Mendes Wanderley JL, Borges Farias A, Correia Romeiro N, de Lima EC. Design and Synthesis of New Anthranyl Phenylhydrazides: Antileishmanial Activity and Structure-Activity Relationship. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1120. [PMID: 37631035 PMCID: PMC10458276 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people worldwide. A centenary approach to antimonial-based drugs was first initiated with the synthesis of urea stibamine by Upendranath Brahmachari in 1922. The need for new drug development led to resistance toward antimoniates. New drug development to treat leishmaniasis is urgently needed. In this way, searching for new substances with antileishmanial activity, we synthesized ten anthranyl phenylhydrazide and three quinazolinone derivatives and evaluated them against promastigotes and the intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Three compounds showed good activity against promastigotes 1b, 1d, and 1g, with IC50 between 1 and 5 μM. These new phenylhydrazides were tested against Leishmania arginase, but they all failed to inhibit this parasite enzyme, as we have shown in a previous study. To explain the possible mechanism of action, we proposed the enzyme PTR1 as a new target for these compounds based on in silico analysis. In conclusion, the new anthranyl hydrazide derivatives can be a promising scaffold for developing new substances against the protozoa parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia do Carmo Maquiaveli
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica (LFBq), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Roberto da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica (LFBq), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Barbara Hild de Jesus
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica (LFBq), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Eduardo Oliveira Monteiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica (LFBq), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues Navarro
- Laboratório de Catálise e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, CM UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27971-525, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Octavio Pereira Branco
- Laboratório de Catálise e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, CM UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27971-525, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela Souza dos Santos
- Laboratório de Catálise e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, CM UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27971-525, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nanashara Figueiredo Reis
- Laboratório de Catálise e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, CM UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27971-525, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arieli Bernardo Portugal
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Médicas, Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ, Macaé CEP 27979-000, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes CEP 28013-602, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Mendes Wanderley
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Médicas, Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ, Macaé CEP 27979-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Borges Farias
- Unidad Académica de Yucatán, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida 97302, Yucatán, Mexico
- Integrated Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LICC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)—Campus Macaé, Aluízio Silva Gomes Avenue 50, Granjas Cavaleiros, Macaé 27930-560, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nelilma Correia Romeiro
- Integrated Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LICC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)—Campus Macaé, Aluízio Silva Gomes Avenue 50, Granjas Cavaleiros, Macaé 27930-560, RJ, Brazil
| | - Evanoel Crizanto de Lima
- Laboratório de Catálise e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, CM UFRJ-Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27971-525, RJ, Brazil
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Sabt A, Eldehna WM, Ibrahim TM, Bekhit AA, Batran RZ. New antileishmanial quinoline linked isatin derivatives targeting DHFR-TS and PTR1: Design, synthesis, and molecular modeling studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114959. [PMID: 36493614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a search for new drug candidates for one of the neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis, twenty quinoline-isatin hybrids were synthesized and tested for their in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmaniamajor strain. All the synthesized compounds showed promising in vitro activity against the promastigote form in a low micromolar range (IC50 = 0.5084-5.9486 μM) superior to the reference miltefosine (IC50 = 7.8976 μM). All the target compounds were then tested against the intracellular amastigote form and showed promising inhibition effects (IC50 = 0.60442-8.2948 μM versus 8.08 μM for miltefosine). Compounds 4e, 4b and 4f were shown to possess the highest antileishmanial activity against both promastigote and amastigote forms. The most active compounds were proven to exhibit their significant antileishmanial effects through antifolate mechanism, targeting DHFR-TS and PTR1. To evaluate the safety profile of the most active derivatives 4e, 4b and 4f, the in vitro cytotoxicity test was carried out and displayed higher selectivity indices than the reference miltefosine. Molecular docking within putative target protein PTR1 confirmed the high potentiality of the most active compounds 4e, 4b and 4f to block the catalytic activity of Lm-PTR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, 11829, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Sciences (CIS), School of Information Technology and Computer Science (ITCS), Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Rasha Z Batran
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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Boakye A, Gasu EN, Mensah JO, Borquaye LS. Computational studies on potential small molecule inhibitors of Leishmania pteridine reductase 1. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12128-12141. [PMID: 36632757 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2166119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease of major public health concern. Challenges with current therapeutics have led to the exploration of plant medicine for potential antileishmanial agents. Despite the promising activity of some antileishmanial natural products, their protein targets have not been explored. The relevance of folate metabolism in the Leishmania parasite's existence presents crucial targets for the development of antileishmanial chemotherapy. Pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1), a crucial enzyme involved in DNA biosynthesis, is a validated target of the Leishmania parasite. Unearthing inhibitors of this enzyme is therefore an active research area. The goal of this work is to unearth small molecule inhibitors of PTR1 using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. Thus, the interactions between selected antileishmanial natural products and PTR1 were examined. The binding affinities obtained from molecular docking ranged from -6.2 to -9.8 kcal/mol. When compared to the natural PTR1 substrate biopterin, compounds such as anonaine, chimanine D, corynantheine, grifolin, licochalcone A, piperogalin and xylopine produced better binding affinities, making interactions catalytic residues - Tyr194, Asp181, Phe113, Arg17 and Ser111. The PTR1- xylopine, -piperogalin, -grifolin, and -licochalcone A complexes exhibited remarkable stability under dynamic conditions during the entire 200 ns simulation period. The overall binding free energy of grifolin, piperogalin, and licochalcone A were observed to be -105.711, -103.567, and -105.646 kJ/mol respectively. The binding of these complexes was observed to be favorable and spontaneous and as such capable of inhibiting Leishmania PTR1. They could therefore be considered as candidates in the development of antileishmanial chemotherapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Boakye
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edward Ntim Gasu
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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9
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Cardona HRA, Froes TQ, Souza BCD, Leite FHA, Brandão HN, Buaruang J, Kijjoa A, Alves CQ. Thermal shift assays of marine-derived fungal metabolites from Aspergillus fischeri MMERU 23 against Leishmania major pteridine reductase 1 and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11968-11976. [PMID: 34415221 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1966510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine-derived fungi are a promising source of bioactive molecules, especially species from extreme habitats. Although several secondary metabolites such as meroterpenoids and alkaloids have been isolated from cultures of Aspergillus fischeri, obtained from terrestrial habitats, there is no report on compounds isolated from marine-derived strains. Many metabolites isolated from marine-derived fungi exhibited a myriad of biological activities. Marine natural products have shown to be an important source of bioactive compounds and can assist in the discovery of molecules with affinity against validated targets from exclusive strains of parasites of medical importance such as pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1), from Leishmania major, which is essential for cell growth. Leishmaniasis is responsible for approximately 65,000 annual deaths. Despite the mortality data, drugs available for the treatment of patients are insufficient and have moderate therapeutic efficacy in addition to serious adverse effects, which make the development of new drugs urgent. The previously described aszonalenin (ASL), aszonapyrone A (ASP), acetylaszonalenin (ACZ), and helvolic acid (HAC) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of a marine sponge-associated A. fischeri MMERU 23 and their affinities against PTR1 were determined by ThermoFluor®. Among the tested compounds, only ACZ showed dose-dependent affinity against PTR1. Moreover, complementary molecular dynamics studies (t = 100 000 ps) have showed that this molecule performs hydrogen bonds with key residues at the active site for more than 60% of the productive trajectory time. The results indicate that ACZ could be a promising PTR1 inhibitor and a potential candidate for development of antileishmanial drug.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thamires Q Froes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno C De Souza
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Franco H A Leite
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Hugo Neves Brandão
- Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jamrearn Buaruang
- Marine Microbe Environment Research Unit, Division of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clayton Q Alves
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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10
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Jain S, Sahu U, Kumar A, Khare P. Metabolic Pathways of Leishmania Parasite: Source of Pertinent Drug Targets and Potent Drug Candidates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081590. [PMID: 36015216 PMCID: PMC9416627 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by a protozoan parasite Leishmania that is transmitted via infected female sandflies. At present, leishmaniasis treatment mainly counts on chemotherapy. The currently available drugs against leishmaniasis are costly, toxic, with multiple side effects, and limitations in the administration route. The rapid emergence of drug resistance has severely reduced the potency of anti-leishmanial drugs. As a result, there is a pressing need for the development of novel anti-leishmanial drugs with high potency, low cost, acceptable toxicity, and good pharmacokinetics features. Due to the availability of preclinical data, drug repurposing is a valuable approach for speeding up the development of effective anti-leishmanial through pointing to new drug targets in less time, having low costs and risk. Metabolic pathways of this parasite play a crucial role in the growth and proliferation of Leishmania species during the various stages of their life cycle. Based on available genomics/proteomics information, known pathways-based (sterol biosynthetic pathway, purine salvage pathway, glycolysis, GPI biosynthesis, hypusine, polyamine biosynthesis) Leishmania-specific proteins could be targeted with known drugs that were used in other diseases, resulting in finding new promising anti-leishmanial therapeutics. The present review discusses various metabolic pathways of the Leishmania parasite and some drug candidates targeting these pathways effectively that could be potent drugs against leishmaniasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Jain
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Utkarsha Sahu
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.J.); (U.S.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology, Absolute Foods, Plot 68, Sector 44, Gurugram 122003, Haryana, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
- Correspondence: or (A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Prashant Khare
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.J.); (U.S.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology, Absolute Foods, Plot 68, Sector 44, Gurugram 122003, Haryana, India
- Correspondence: or (A.K.); (P.K.)
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11
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Da Costa GV, Neto MFA, Da Silva AKP, De Sá EMF, Cancela LCF, Vega JS, Lobato CM, Zuliani JP, Espejo-Román JM, Campos JM, Leite FHA, Santos CBR. Identification of Potential Insect Growth Inhibitor against Aedes aegypti: A Bioinformatics Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8218. [PMID: 35897792 PMCID: PMC9332482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the main vector that transmits viral diseases such as dengue, hemorrhagic dengue, urban yellow fever, zika, and chikungunya. Worldwide, many cases of dengue have been reported in recent years, showing significant growth. The best way to manage diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti is to control the vector with insecticides, which have already been shown to be toxic to humans; moreover, insects have developed resistance. Thus, the development of new insecticides is considered an emergency. One way to achieve this goal is to apply computational methods based on ligands and target information. In this study, sixteen compounds with acceptable insecticidal activities, with 100% larvicidal activity at low concentrations (2.0 to 0.001 mg·L−1), were selected from the literature. These compounds were used to build up and validate pharmacophore models. Pharmacophore model 6 (AUC = 0.78; BEDROC = 0.6) was used to filter 4793 compounds from the subset of lead-like compounds from the ZINC database; 4142 compounds (dG < 0 kcal/mol) were then aligned to the active site of the juvenile hormone receptor Aedes aegypti (PDB: 5V13), 2240 compounds (LE < −0.40 kcal/mol) were prioritized for molecular docking from the construction of a chitin deacetylase model of Aedes aegypti by the homology modeling of the Bombyx mori species (PDB: 5ZNT), which aligned 1959 compounds (dG < 0 kcal/mol), and 20 compounds (LE < −0.4 kcal/mol) were predicted for pharmacokinetic and toxicological prediction in silico (Preadmet, SwissADMET, and eMolTox programs). Finally, the theoretical routes of compounds M01, M02, M03, M04, and M05 were proposed. Compounds M01−M05 were selected, showing significant differences in pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters in relation to positive controls and interaction with catalytic residues among key protein sites reported in the literature. For this reason, the molecules investigated here are dual inhibitors of the enzymes chitin synthase and juvenile hormonal protein from insects and humans, characterizing them as potential insecticides against the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauber V. Da Costa
- Graduate Program in Network in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Natural Products, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (A.K.P.D.S.); (E.M.F.D.S.); (L.C.F.C.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Moysés F. A. Neto
- Laboratory Molecular Modeling, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil; (M.F.A.N.); (F.H.A.L.)
| | - Alicia K. P. Da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Natural Products, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (A.K.P.D.S.); (E.M.F.D.S.); (L.C.F.C.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Ester M. F. De Sá
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Natural Products, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (A.K.P.D.S.); (E.M.F.D.S.); (L.C.F.C.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Luanne C. F. Cancela
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Natural Products, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (A.K.P.D.S.); (E.M.F.D.S.); (L.C.F.C.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Jeanina S. Vega
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Natural Products, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (A.K.P.D.S.); (E.M.F.D.S.); (L.C.F.C.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Cássio M. Lobato
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Biotechnology in Natural Products, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil; (A.K.P.D.S.); (E.M.F.D.S.); (L.C.F.C.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Juliana P. Zuliani
- Laboratory Cellular Immunology Applied to Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ Rondônia, Porto Velho 78912-000, RO, Brazil;
| | - José M. Espejo-Román
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biosanitary Research ibs, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.E.-R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Joaquín M. Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biosanitary Research ibs, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.E.-R.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Franco H. A. Leite
- Laboratory Molecular Modeling, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, BA, Brazil; (M.F.A.N.); (F.H.A.L.)
| | - Cleydson B. R. Santos
- Graduate Program in Network in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, AP, Brazil;
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Biosanitary Research ibs, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.M.E.-R.); (J.M.C.)
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12
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Neto MFDA, Santos CBRD, Magalhães-Junior JT, Leite FHA. Identification of novel Aedes aegypti odorant-binding protein 1 modulators by ligand and structure-based approaches and bioassays. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:117-129. [PMID: 32815781 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1808074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arboviruses are a group of viruses (e.g. Dengue, Chikungunya and Yellow fever virus) that are transmitted by arthropod vectors, which Aedes aegipty is the vector of main viruses in Americas. This vector is responsible to 2.4 millions of arboviruses cases in Brazil with less than a thousand deaths annually. Despite of epidemiological data, arboviruses treatment is symptomatic and the vaccine control is not effective, which makes the vector control against A. aegipty a promising strategy to diseases control. One way to achieve this goal is to development of A. aegipty sensitive olfactory modulators. Odorant binding protein 1 from A. aegypti (AaegOBP1) is essential in sensory communication, and is the first filter in odorant selection, which makes this target promising to development of new repellents. For this reason, hierarchical virtual screening (ligand-based pharmacophore model and molecular docking) together volatility filter was applied at Sigma-Aldrich database (n = 126.851) to prioritize potential molecules to repellency assays. Three compounds showed adequate stereo-electronic requirements (QFIT> 81.53), score to AaegOBP1 binding site (Score > 36.0) and volatile properties and it was chosen for repellency assays. ZINC00170981 and ZINC00131924 showed a dose-response behavior, while ZINC01621824 did not showed activity in repellency assays. Finally, Molecular Dynamics (MD) was employed to hypothesize the stability of protein-ligand complexes. According to RMSD, RMSF and binding free energy data, ZINC00170981 and ZINC00131924 were able to stabilize AaegOBP1 binding-site during the trajectory by interactions with key residues such as His77, Leu89 and Trp114). Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cleydson Breno Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Química Computacional, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, Brasil
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13
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Scotti MT, Monteiro AFM, de Oliveira Viana J, Bezerra Mendonça Junior FJ, Ishiki HM, Tchouboun EN, De Araújo RSA, Scotti L. Recent Theoretical Studies Concerning Important Tropical Infections. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:795-834. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190711121418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) form a group of diseases that are strongly associated
with poverty, flourish in impoverished environments, and thrive best in tropical areas,
where they tend to present overlap. They comprise several diseases, and the symptoms
vary dramatically from disease to disease, often causing from extreme pain, and untold misery
that anchors populations to poverty, permanent disability, and death. They affect more than 1
billion people worldwide; mostly in poor populations living in tropical and subtropical climates.
In this review, several complementary in silico approaches are presented; including
identification of new therapeutic targets, novel mechanisms of activity, high-throughput
screening of small-molecule libraries, as well as in silico quantitative structure-activity relationship
and recent molecular docking studies. Current and active research against Sleeping
Sickness, American trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis and Schistosomiasis infections will hopefully
lead to safer, more effective, less costly and more widely available treatments against
these parasitic forms of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa - PB, Brazil
| | - Alex France Messias Monteiro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa - PB, Brazil
| | - Jéssika de Oliveira Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa - PB, Brazil
| | | | - Hamilton M. Ishiki
- University of Western Sao Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Santos A. De Araújo
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Department of Biological Science, State University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Joao Pessoa - PB, Brazil
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14
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Halder AK, Dias Soeiro Cordeiro MN. Advanced in Silico Methods for the Development of Anti- Leishmaniasis and Anti-Trypanosomiasis Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:697-718. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181031093702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis occur primarily in undeveloped countries and account
for millions of deaths and disability-adjusted life years. Limited therapeutic options, high toxicity of
chemotherapeutic drugs and the emergence of drug resistance associated with these diseases demand
urgent development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of these dreadful diseases. In the last
decades, different in silico methods have been successfully implemented for supporting the lengthy and
expensive drug discovery process. In the current review, we discuss recent advances pertaining to in
silico analyses towards lead identification, lead modification and target identification of antileishmaniasis
and anti-trypanosomiasis agents. We describe recent applications of some important in
silico approaches, such as 2D-QSAR, 3D-QSAR, pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking, and so
forth, with the aim of understanding the utility of these techniques for the design of novel therapeutic
anti-parasitic agents. This review focuses on: (a) advanced computational drug design options; (b) diverse
methodologies - e.g.: use of machine learning tools, software solutions, and web-platforms; (c)
recent applications and advances in the last five years; (d) experimental validations of in silico predictions;
(e) virtual screening tools; and (f) rationale or justification for the selection of these in silico
methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Halder
- LAQV@ REQUIMTE/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
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15
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Linciano P, Cullia G, Borsari C, Santucci M, Ferrari S, Witt G, Gul S, Kuzikov M, Ellinger B, Santarém N, Cordeiro da Silva A, Conti P, Bolognesi ML, Roberti M, Prati F, Bartoccini F, Retini M, Piersanti G, Cavalli A, Goldoni L, Bertozzi SM, Bertozzi F, Brambilla E, Rizzo V, Piomelli D, Pinto A, Bandiera T, Costi MP. Identification of a 2,4-diaminopyrimidine scaffold targeting Trypanosoma brucei pteridine reductase 1 from the LIBRA compound library screening campaign. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112047. [PMID: 31982652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The LIBRA compound library is a collection of 522 non-commercial molecules contributed by various Italian academic laboratories. These compounds have been designed and synthesized during different medicinal chemistry programs and are hosted by the Italian Institute of Technology. We report the screening of the LIBRA compound library against Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major pteridine reductase 1, TbPTR1 and LmPTR1. Nine compounds were active against parasitic PTR1 and were selected for cell-based parasite screening, as single agents and in combination with methotrexate (MTX). The most interesting TbPTR1 inhibitor identified was 4-(benzyloxy)pyrimidine-2,6-diamine (LIB_66). Subsequently, six new LIB_66 derivatives were synthesized to explore its Structure-Activity-Relationship (SAR) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties. The results indicate that PTR1 has a preference to bind inhibitors, which resemble its biopterin/folic acid substrates, such as the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Gregorio Cullia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Santucci
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferrari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Gesa Witt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology - ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology - ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Kuzikov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology - ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ellinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology - ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nuno Santarém
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Cordeiro da Silva
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Prati
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoccini
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Chemistry, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126, Bologna, Italy; Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Goldoni
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Sine Mandrup Bertozzi
- Analytical Chemistry Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Bertozzi
- PharmaChemistry Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Enzo Brambilla
- PharmaChemistry Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rizzo
- PharmaChemistry Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697-4625, USA
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- PharmaChemistry Line, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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16
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Teixeira BVF, Teles ALB, da Silva SG, Brito CCB, de Freitas HF, Pires ABL, Froes TQ, Castilho MS. Dual and selective inhibitors of pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) from Leishmania chagasi. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1439-1450. [PMID: 31409157 PMCID: PMC6713189 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1651311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease found in more than 90 countries. The drugs available to treat this disease have nonspecific action and high toxicity. In order to develop novel therapeutic alternatives to fight this ailment, pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) and dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHF-TS) have been targeted, once Leishmania is auxotrophic for folates. Although PTR1 and DHFR-TS from other protozoan parasites have been studied, their homologs in Leishmania chagasi have been poorly characterized. Hence, this work describes the optimal conditions to express the recombinant LcPTR1 and LcDHFR-TS enzymes, as well as balanced assay conditions for screening. Last but not the least, we show that 2,4 diaminopyrimidine derivatives are low-micromolar competitive inhibitors of both enzymes (LcPTR1 Ki = 1.50-2.30 µM and LcDHFR Ki = 0.28-3.00 µM) with poor selectivity index. On the other hand, compound 5 (2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivative) is a selective LcPTR1 inhibitor (Ki = 0.47 µM, selectivity index = 20).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Lacerda Braga Teles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Humberto Fonseca de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Thamires Quadros Froes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Santos Castilho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
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17
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Targeting pteridine reductase 1 and dihydrofolate reductase: the old is a new trend for leishmaniasis drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2107-2130. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the major neglected tropical diseases in the world and it is considered endemic in 88 countries. This disease is transmitted by a Leishmania spp. infected sandfly and it may lead to cutaneous or systemic manifestations. The preconized treatment has low efficacy and there are cases of resistance to some drugs. Therefore, the search for new efficient molecular targets that can lead to the preparation of new drugs must be pursued. This review aims to evaluate both Leishmania enzymes PTR1 and DHFR-TS as potential drug targets, highlight their inhibitors and to discuss critically the use of chemoinformatics to elucidate interactions and propose new molecules against these enzymes.
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Eldehna WM, Almahli H, Ibrahim TM, Fares M, Al-Warhi T, Boeckler FM, Bekhit AA, Abdel-Aziz HA. Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and in silico studies of certain arylnicotinic acids conjugated with aryl (thio)semicarbazides as a novel class of anti-leishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:335-346. [PMID: 31260888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we introduce new compounds as conjugates of arylnicotinic acids with aryl (thio)semicarbazide derivatives. Based on a structure-guided approach, they were designed to possess anti-leishmanial activity through anti-folate mechanism, via targeting Leishmania major pteridine reductase 1 (Lm-PTR1). The in vitro anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote activity were promising for many thiosemicarbazide derivatives and superior to the reference miltefosine. The most active compounds 8i and 8j exhibited their anti-amastigote activity with IC50 values of 4.2 and 3.3 μM, respectively, compared to reference miltefosine (IC50 value of 7.3). Their anti-folate mechanism was confirmed via the ability of folic and folinic acids to reverse the anti-leishmanial activity of these compounds, comparably to Lm-PTR1 inhibitor trimethoprim. Interestingly, the in vitro cytotoxicity test of the most active compounds displayed higher selectivity indices than that of miltefosine emphasizing their safety on mammalian cells. Furthermore, the docking experiments on Lm-PTR1 as a putative target rationalized the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity. The in silico predictions exhibited promising pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness profiles of the most active compounds. Generally, this work introduces a fruitful matrix for new anti-leishmanial chemotype which would extend the chemical space for the anti-leishmanial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt; Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Fares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt; School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frank M Boeckler
- Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adnan A Bekhit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Allied Health Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Synthesis, leishmanicidal activity, structural descriptors and structure-activity relationship of quinoline derivatives. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2069-2085. [PMID: 30066582 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Considering the epidemiology of leishmaniasis, the emergence of resistant parasites to the approved drugs, and severe clinical manifestations, the development of novel leishmanicidal molecules has become of considerable importance. RESULTS In this work, three commercially available and 19 synthesized quinoline derivatives were evaluated against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. In addition, structural parameters and molecular electrostatic potentials were obtained by theoretical calculations, allowing statistical (principal component analyses and hierarchical cluster analyses) and comparative (molecular electrostatic potentials vs leishmanicidal activities) studies, respectively. CONCLUSION Principal component analyses and hierarchical cluster analyses suggested volume and polar surface area as possible structural descriptors for the leishmanicidal activity. Furthermore, a comparison between molecular electrostatic potentials and leishmanicidal activities afforded a reasonable structure-activity relationship.
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Systematic search for benzimidazole compounds and derivatives with antileishmanial effects. Mol Divers 2018; 22:779-790. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Anti-leishmanial click modifiable thiosemicarbazones: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:585-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Identification of Novel Protein Kinase Receptor Type 2 Inhibitors Using Pharmacophore and Structure-Based Virtual Screening. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020453. [PMID: 29463017 PMCID: PMC6017386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Protein Kinase Receptor type 2 (RIPK2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases; it signals downstream of the NOD1 and NOD2 intracellular sensors and promotes a productive inflammatory response. However, excessive NOD2 signaling has been associated with various diseases, including sarcoidosis and inflammatory arthritis; the pharmacological inhibition of RIPK2 is an affinity strategy that demonstrates an increased expression of pro-inflammatory secretion activity. In this study, a pharmacophoric model based on the crystallographic pose of ponatinib, a potent RIPK2 inhibitor, and 30 other ones selected from the BindingDB repository database, was built. Compounds were selected based on the available ZINC compounds database and in silico predictions of their pharmacokinetic, toxicity and potential biological activity. Molecular docking was performed to identify the probable interactions of the compounds as well as their binding affinity with RIPK2. The compounds were analyzed to ponatinib and WEHI-345, which also used as a control. At least one of the compounds exhibited suitable pharmacokinetic properties, low toxicity and an interesting binding affinity and high fitness compared with the crystallographic pose of WEHI-345 in complex with RIPK2. This compound also possessed suitable synthetic accessibility, rendering it a potential and very promising RIPK2 inhibitor to be further investigated in regards to different diseases, particularly inflammatory ones.
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Borsari C, Quotadamo A, Ferrari S, Venturelli A, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Santarem N, Costi MP. Scaffolds and Biological Targets Avenue to Fight Against Drug Resistance in Leishmaniasis. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.armc.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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