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Méndez D, Tellería F, Monroy-Cárdenas M, Montecino-Garrido H, Mansilla S, Castro L, Trostchansky A, Muñoz-Córdova F, Zickermann V, Schiller J, Alfaro S, Caballero J, Araya-Maturana R, Fuentes E. Linking triphenylphosphonium cation to a bicyclic hydroquinone improves their antiplatelet effect via the regulation of mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103142. [PMID: 38581860 PMCID: PMC11002875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the critical target for preventing and treating pathological thrombus formation. However, despite current antiplatelet therapy, cardiovascular mortality remains high, and cardiovascular events continue in prescribed patients. In this study, first results were obtained with ortho-carbonyl hydroquinones as antiplatelet agents; we found that linking triphenylphosphonium cation to a bicyclic ortho-carbonyl hydroquinone moiety by a short alkyl chain significantly improved their antiplatelet effect by affecting the mitochondrial functioning. The mechanism of action involves uncoupling OXPHOS, which leads to an increase in mitochondrial ROS production and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and OCR. This alteration disrupts the energy production by mitochondrial function necessary for the platelet activation process. These effects are responsive to the complete structure of the compounds and not to isolated parts of the compounds tested. The results obtained in this research can be used as the basis for developing new antiplatelet agents that target mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Méndez
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Francisca Tellería
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Matías Monroy-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Héctor Montecino-Garrido
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Santiago Mansilla
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Laura Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | | | - Volker Zickermann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schiller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Germany
| | - Sergio Alfaro
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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2
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Shen D, Sun C, Han Y, Luo Z, Ren T, Zhang Q, Huang W, Xie J, Jia Y, Chao M. Additive-free oxychlorination of unsaturated C-C bonds with tert-butyl hypochlorite and water. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3080-3085. [PMID: 38563263 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report an additive-free protocol for the facile synthesis of α,α-dichloroketones and α-chlorohydrins from various aryl terminal, diaryl internal, and aliphatic terminal alkynes and alkenes, respectively. The commercially available tert-butyl hypochlorite (tBuOCl) was employed as a suitable chlorinating reagent, being accompanied by the less harmful tBuOH as the by-product. In addition, the oxygen atoms in the products came from water rather than molecular oxygen, based on the 18O-labelling experiments. Meanwhile, the diastereoselectivity of the Z- and the corresponding E-alkenes has been compared and rationalized. Using a group of control experiments, the possible mechanisms have been proposed as the initial electrophilic chlorination of unsaturated C-C bonds in a Markovnikov-addition manner in general followed by a nucleophilic addition with water. This work simplified the oxychlorination method with a mild chlorine source and a green oxygen source under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Ting Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Wenting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Jianru Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Mianran Chao
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, P. R. China.
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3
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Li T, He X, Tao W, Zhang R, He Q, Gong H, Liu Y, Luo D, Zhang M, Zou C, Zhang SL, He Y. Development of membrane-targeting TPP +-chloramphenicol conjugates to combat methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115973. [PMID: 38096652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria have become a new challenge in infection treatment, gravely endangering public health. Chloramphenicol (CL) is a well-known antibiotic which has lost its efficacy due to bacterial resistance. To address this issue, herein we report the design, synthesis and biological evaluations of novel triphenylphosphonium chloramphenicol conjugates (TPP+-CL). Study results indicated that compounds 39 and 42 possessed remarkable antibacterial effects against clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with MIC values ranging from 1 to 2 μg/mL, while CL was inactive to the tested MRSA strains. In addition, these conjugates exhibited rapid bactericidal properties and low toxicity, and did not readily induced bacterial resistance, obviously outperforming the parent drug CL. In a mouse model infected with a clinically isolated MRSA strain, compound 39 at a dose of 20 mg/kg exhibited a comparable or even better in vivo anti-MRSA efficacy than the golden standard drug vancomycin, while no toxicity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fangzheng Ave, Shuitu Technology Development Zone, Beibei, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Wenlan Tao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fangzheng Ave, Shuitu Technology Development Zone, Beibei, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Qiaolin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Dong Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Cheng Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Rd., Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266 Fangzheng Ave, Shuitu Technology Development Zone, Beibei, Chongqing, 400714, PR China.
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4
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Gan L, Yang Y, Liang Z, Zhang M, He Y, Zhang SL. Targeting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex/pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDC/PDK) axis to discover potent PDK inhibitors through structure-based virtual screening and pharmacological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116008. [PMID: 38056298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cancer cells are characterized by the Warburg effect, a metabolic alteration in which ATP is generated from cytoplasmic glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex/pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDC/PDK) axis plays a crucial role in this effect and has been identified as a potential target for anticancer drug development. Herein, we present the discovery and pharmacological evaluation of potent PDK inhibitors targeting the PDK/PDC axis. We successfully identified 6 compounds from a small molecule library through a structure-based virtual screening campaign and evaluated their enzymatic inhibitory potencies for PDK1-4. Our results indicated that compound 1 exhibited submicromolar inhibitory activities against PDK1-3 (IC50 = 109.3, 135.8, and 458.7 nM, respectively), but is insensitive to PDK4 (IC50 = 8.67 μM). Furthermore, compound 1 inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells with an EC50 value of 10.7 μM. In addition, compound 1 induced cell apoptosis, arrested the cell cycle at the S phase, and reduced cell invasion and migration, while showing low in vivo toxicity at a high dose. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that compound 1 is a promising anti-PDK1-3 lead that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Gan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Zizhen Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China.
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China.
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5
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Yang Y, An Y, Ren M, Wang H, Bai J, Du W, Kong D. The mechanisms of action of mitochondrial targeting agents in cancer: inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and inducing apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243613. [PMID: 37954849 PMCID: PMC10635426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment affects the structure and metabolic function of mitochondria in tumor cells. This process involves changes in metabolic activity, an increase in the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor cells compared to normal cells, the production of more intracellular free radicals, and the activation of oxidative pathways. From a practical perspective, it is advantageous to develop drugs that target mitochondria for the treatment of malignant tumors. Such drugs can enhance the selectivity of treatments for specific cell groups, minimize toxic effects on normal tissues, and improve combinational treatments. Mitochondrial targeting agents typically rely on small molecule medications (such as synthetic small molecules agents, active ingredients of plants, mitochondrial inhibitors or autophagy inhibitors, and others), modified mitochondrial delivery system agents (such as lipophilic cation modification or combining other molecules to form targeted mitochondrial agents), and a few mitochondrial complex inhibitors. This article will review these compounds in three main areas: oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), changes in ROS levels, and endogenous oxidative and apoptotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yahui An
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingli Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenli Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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6
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Lepori M, Schmid S, Barham JP. Photoredox catalysis harvesting multiple photon or electrochemical energies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1055-1145. [PMID: 37533877 PMCID: PMC10390843 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis (PRC) is a cutting-edge frontier for single electron-transfer (SET) reactions, enabling the generation of reactive intermediates for both oxidative and reductive processes via photon activation of a catalyst. Although this represents a significant step towards chemoselective and, more generally, sustainable chemistry, its efficacy is limited by the energy of visible light photons. Nowadays, excellent alternative conditions are available to overcome these limitations, harvesting two different but correlated concepts: the use of multi-photon processes such as consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) and the combination of photo- and electrochemistry in synthetic photoelectrochemistry (PEC). Herein, we review the most recent contributions to these fields in both oxidative and reductive activations of organic functional groups. New opportunities for organic chemists are captured, such as selective reactions employing super-oxidants and super-reductants to engage unactivated chemical feedstocks, and scalability up to gram scales in continuous flow. This review provides comparisons between the two techniques (multi-photon photoredox catalysis and PEC) to help the reader to fully understand their similarities, differences and potential applications and to therefore choose which method is the most appropriate for a given reaction, scale and purpose of a project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Lepori
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmid
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitatsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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A Missense Variant in PDK1 Associated with Severe Neurodevelopmental Delay and Epilepsy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123171. [PMID: 36551928 PMCID: PMC9775741 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, which is used for energy conversion in cells. PDC activity is regulated by phosphorylation via kinases and phosphatases (PDK/PDP). Variants in all subunits of the PDC and in PDK3 have been reported, with varying phenotypes including lactic acidosis, neurodevelopmental delay, peripheral neuropathy, or seizures. Here, we report a de novo heterozygous missense variant in PDK1 (c.1139G > A; p.G380D) in a girl with developmental delay and early onset severe epilepsy. To investigate the role of PDK1G380D in energy metabolism and neuronal development, we used a zebrafish model. In zebrafish embryos we show a reduced number of cells with mitochondria with membrane potential, reduced movements, and a delay in neuronal development. Furthermore, we observe a reduction in the phosphorylation of PDH-E1α by PDKG380D, which suggests a disruption in the regulation of PDC activity. Finally, in patient fibroblasts, a mild reduction in the ratio of phosphorylated PDH over total PDH-E1α was detected. In summary, our findings support the notion that this aberrant PDK1 activity is the cause of clinical symptoms in the patient.
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8
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Design and synthesis of TPP+-Mitomycin C conjugate with reduced toxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 77:129036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Pramod Charpe V, Gupta M, Chu Hwang K. Visible-Light-Induced Oxidative α-keto-Dichlorination of Arylalkynes by CuCl 2 at Room Temperature. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200957. [PMID: 35730105 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-induced oxidative α-keto-dichlorination of terminal and internal aryl alkynes was developed to form dichloroacetophenones (DCAPs) and dichlorophenyl-acetophenones (DCPAPs), respectively, by using CuCl2 as a photoredox catalyst in the presence of air at room temperature (without using any exogenous photocatalyst). Here, photoexcited CuCl2 underwent ligand-to-metal charge transfer to generate a Cl radical, which readily added to the alkynes to form DCAPs or DCPAPs in the presence of O2 . This α-keto-dichlorination reaction is a green and mild protocol as it produced water as the only by-product. Moreover, the evaluation of green chemistry metrics indicated that the E-factor (mass of wastes/mass of products) of the current α-keto-chlorination method is around 10.1 times lower than that of a literature-reported photochemical method. The Eco Scale value (score 55, which on a scale of 0-100 indicates an acceptable synthesis) signifies that this process is simple, highly efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahima Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R. O. C
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10
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Huang D, Liu Q, Zhang M, Guo Y, Cui Z, Li T, Luo D, Xu B, Huang C, Guo J, Tam KY, Zhang M, Zhang SL, He Y. A Mitochondria-Targeted Phenylbutyric Acid Prodrug Confers Drastically Improved Anticancer Activities. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9955-9973. [PMID: 35818137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenylbutyric acid (PBA) has been reported as a dual inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), exhibiting anticancer effects. However, the low membrane permeability and poor cellular uptake limit its access to the target organelle, resulting in weak potencies against the intended targets. Herein, we report the design and identification of a novel 4-CF3-phenyl triphenylphosphonium-based PBA conjugate (53) with improved in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. Compound 53 exhibited an IC50 value of 2.22 μM against A375 cells, outperforming the parent drug PBA by about 4000-fold. In the A375 cell-derived xenograft mouse model, 53 reduced the tumor growth by 76% at a dose of 40 mg/kg, while PBA only reduced the tumor growth by 10% at a dose of 80 mg/kg. On the basis of these results, 53 may be considered for further preclinical evaluations for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Qingwang Liu
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yizhen Guo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Dong Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Biao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jian Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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11
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Yang X, Wang ZP, Xiang S, Wang D, Zhao Y, Luo D, Qiu Y, Huang C, Guo J, Dai Y, Zhang SL, He Y. Optimization of the Natural Product Calothrixin A to Discover Novel Dual Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitors with Improved Anticancer Activity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8040-8061. [PMID: 35612499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Calothrixin A (CAA) is a dual Topo I and II inhibitor but exhibits poor antiproliferative activities and water solubility. Herein, a library of novel CAA analogues was synthesized. Among them, compound F16 exhibited superior water solubility (>5 mg/mL) as compared to CAA (<5 μg/mL). The mechanism of action studies confirmed that F16 acted as a dual Topo I and II poison. Furthermore, F16 displayed potent antiproliferative activities against high Topo I and II expression cell lines A375 and HCT116, with IC50 values of 20 and 50 nM, respectively. In xenograft models, F16 reduced the tumor growth at a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg without apparent effect on the mouse weight, while the clinically used Topo II inhibitor VP-16 dramatically reduced the mouse weight. Collectively, our data demonstrated that F16 could be a promising lead for the development of novel dual Topo I and II antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.,Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China.,Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Sichuan Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Daoqiang Wang
- School of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Dong Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jian Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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12
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Anwar S, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase signaling in the development of effective cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188568. [PMID: 34023419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate is irreversibly decarboxylated to acetyl coenzyme A by mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Decarboxylation of pyruvate is considered a crucial step in cell metabolism and energetics. The cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. This attribute of cancer cells allows them to sustain under indefinite proliferation and growth. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play critical roles in many diseases because they regulate PDC activity. Recent findings suggest an altered metabolism of cancer cells is associated with impaired mitochondrial function due to PDC inhibition. PDKs inhibit the PDC activity via phosphorylation of the E1a subunit and subsequently cause a glycolytic shift. Thus, inhibition of PDK is an attractive strategy in anticancer therapy. This review highlights that PDC/PDK axis could be implicated in cancer's therapeutic management by developing potential small-molecule PDK inhibitors. In recent years, a dramatic increase in the targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for cancer treatment gained an attention from the scientific community. We further discuss breakthrough findings in the PDC-PDK axis. In addition, structural features, functional significance, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human pathologies, and expression of different forms of PDKs (PDK1-4) in different types of cancers are discussed in detail. We further emphasized the gene expression profiling of PDKs in cancer patients to prognosis and therapeutic manifestations. Additionally, inhibition of the PDK/PDC axis by small molecule inhibitors and natural compounds at different clinical evaluation stages has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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13
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Liu RX, Luo RY, Tang MT, Liu YC, Chen ZF, Liang H. The first copper(I) complex of anthrahydrazone with potential ROS scavenging activity showed significant in vitro anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 218:111390. [PMID: 33721719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on the anticancer pharmacophore of anthrahydrazone and quinoline, a new quinolylanthrahydrazone ligand, 9-AQH (anthracene-9-quinolylhydrazone), was synthesized to further afford four metal complexes, [CoII(9-AQH)(NO3)2(H2O)] (1), [NiII(9-AQH)2(H2O)2]·2NO3 (2), [CuI(9-AQH)2]·NO3 (3), [ZnII(9-AQH)2(NO3)]·NO3 (4), determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis. The reaction of Cu(NO3)2 with 9-AQH formed the stable and repeatable copper(I) complex 3. In vitro screening demonstrated only 3 showed significant and broad-spectrum anticancer activity, indicating that Cu(I) played a key role in exerting the anticancer activity. In solution, Cu(I) was not naturally oxidized to Cu(II) suggested by 1H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) analysis. The presence of 3 could also catalyze the H2O2 system to give hydroxyl free radicals, suggested by further EPR and electrophoresis assay. At the cellular level, although no obvious Cu(II) signals were detected and the total ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) scavenging in the tumor cells treated with 3, the potential redox property between Cu(I)/Cu(II), as a key role, should not be denied for the significant anticancer activity of 3, considering the much complicated circumstance and other reductive substances in cells. The anticancer mechanism of 3 on the most sensitive MGC-803 cells pointed to significant cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway, rather than cell cycle arrest. While the autophagy observed in tumor cells treated by 3 suggested its complicated anticancer mechanism, and whether there was an intrinsic correlation still needed to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Liu
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ru-Yi Luo
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Meng-Ting Tang
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yan-Cheng Liu
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Hong Liang
- School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
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14
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship of novel dichloroacetophenones targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases with potent anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113225. [PMID: 33550182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) are promising therapeutic targets that have received increasing attentions in cancer metabolism. In this paper, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel dichloroacetophenones as potent PDKs inhibitors. Structure-activity relationship analysis enabled us to identify a potent compound 6u, which inhibited PDKs with an EC50 value of 0.09 μM, and reduced various cancer cells proliferation with IC50 values ranging from 1.1 to 3.8 μM, while show weak effect against non-cancerous L02 cell (IC50 > 10 μM). In the A375 xenograft model, 6u displayed an obvious antitumor activity at a dose of 5 mg/kg, but with no negative effect to the mice weight. Molecular docking suggested that 6u formed direct hydrogen bond interactions with Ser75 and Gln61 in PDK1, and meanwhile the aniline skeleton in 6u was sandwiched by the conserved hydrophobic residues Phe78 and Phe65, which contribute to the biochemical activity improvement. Moreover, 6u induced A375 cell apoptosis and cell arrest in G1 phase, and inhibited cancer cell migration. In addition, 6u altered glucose metabolic pathway in A375 cell by decreasing lactate formation and increasing ROS production and OCR consumption, which could serve as a potential modulator to reprogram the glycolysis pathway in cancer cell.
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15
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Huang M, Myers CR, Wang Y, You M. Mitochondria as a Novel Target for Cancer Chemoprevention: Emergence of Mitochondrial-targeting Agents. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:285-306. [PMID: 33303695 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is the most effective approach to control cancer in the population. Despite significant progress, chemoprevention has not been widely adopted because agents that are safe tend to be less effective and those that are highly effective tend to be toxic. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel and effective chemopreventive agents, such as mitochondria-targeted agents, that can prevent cancer and prolong survival. Mitochondria, the central site for cellular energy production, have important functions in cell survival and death. Several studies have revealed a significant role for mitochondrial metabolism in promoting cancer development and progression, making mitochondria a promising new target for cancer prevention. Conjugating delocalized lipophilic cations, such as triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+), to compounds of interest is an effective approach for mitochondrial targeting. The hyperpolarized tumor cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential allow for selective accumulation of TPP+ conjugates in tumor cell mitochondria versus those in normal cells. This could enhance direct killing of precancerous, dysplastic, and tumor cells while minimizing potential toxicities to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mofei Huang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Charles R Myers
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yian Wang
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ming You
- Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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16
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Wang J, Li J, Xiao Y, Fu B, Qin Z. TPP-based mitocans: a potent strategy for anticancer drug design. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:858-875. [PMID: 33479681 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00572b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important problems that endanger human health. The number of cancer patients is increasing rapidly worldwide. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells exhibit abnormal metabolism (abnormal glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, high levels of reactive oxygen species, anti-apoptosis, high mitochondrial membrane potential, and so on), and specific targeting of these metabolic abnormalities would be a promising drug design direction. These physiological characteristics are closely related to tumorigenesis and development, which are mainly regulated by mitochondria. Therefore, mitochondria have become important anticancer drug targets, attracting much attention in recent years. In this review, we systematically summarize various mitochondrial anticancer drugs developed, especially mitocans based on triphenylphosphonium (TPP), and discuss the advantages of TPP in endowing mitochondrial targeting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Wang
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Yumei Xiao
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Bin Fu
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of science , China Agriculture University , Haidian District 100089 , China . ; Tel: +86 130 0199 1198
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17
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Meng X, Zhang Y, Luo J, Wang F, Cao X, Huang S. Electrochemical Oxidative Oxydihalogenation of Alkynes for the Synthesis of α,α-Dihaloketones. Org Lett 2020; 22:1169-1174. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtai Meng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jinyue Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoji Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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18
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The Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081172. [PMID: 31416205 PMCID: PMC6721633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current standard-of-care for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) includes chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic or anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies, even though the addition of anti-angiogenic agents to backbone chemotherapy provides little benefit for overall survival. Since the approval of anti-angiogenic monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab and aflibercept, for the management of mCRC over a decade ago, extensive efforts have been devoted to discovering predictive factors of the anti-angiogenic response, unsuccessfully. Recent evidence has suggested a potential correlation between angiogenesis and immune phenotypes associated with colorectal cancer. Here, we review evidence of interactions between tumor angiogenesis, the immune microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming. More specifically, we will highlight such interactions as inferred from our novel immune-metabolic (IM) signature, which groups mCRC into three distinct clusters, namely inflamed-stromal-dependent (IM Cluster 1), inflamed-non stromal-dependent (IM Cluster 2), and non-inflamed or cold (IM Cluster 3), and discuss the merits of the IM classification as a guide to new immune-metabolic combinatorial therapeutic strategies in mCRC.
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19
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Lagishetti C, Banne S, You H, Tang M, Guo J, Qi N, He Y. Construction of Bridged-Ring-Fused Naphthalenone Derivatives Through an Unexpected Zn(OTf) 2-Catalyzed Cascade Transformation. Org Lett 2019; 21:5301-5304. [PMID: 31247780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected cascade transformation of aminonaphthoquinones with N-substituents bearing a p-methoxybenzyl ether into bridged-ring-fused naphthalenone derivatives is reported. This cascade transformation was initiated by a catalytic amount of Zn(OTf)2 and involved with subsequent functional group migration and cyclization. The process proceeded through the cleavage of two bonds and the formation of three new bonds in one pot and was proven to be efficient and tolerant to various substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandraiah Lagishetti
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Sreenivas Banne
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P.R. China
| | - Hengyao You
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P.R. China
| | - Meng Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P.R. China
| | - Jian Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P.R. China
| | - Na Qi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P.R. China.,Biomedicine and Health Engineering Laboratory, College of Bioengineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P.R. China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , P.R. China
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20
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Liu Y, Wang ZP, Banne S, Guo J, He Y. Toward the Total Synthesis of Scabrosins: Synthesis of a Desulfur-scabrosin Skeleton and Its Stereoisomers. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5838-5845. [PMID: 30900891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of a desulfur-scabrosin skeleton was reported. The synthesis began from 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenol, and key steps include asymmetric nucleophilic epoxidation, a Mitsunobu reaction using a sulfonamide as the nucleophile, the construction of a pyrrolidine ring by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution, and inversion of configuration through base-induced keto-enol isomerization. Additionally, two isomers of the carbon skeleton were also obtained via an alternative ring-closing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sreenivas Banne
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Chongqing University , Chongqing 401331 , People's Republic of China
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21
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Liu Q, Yang X, Ji J, Zhang SL, He Y. Novel nannocystin A analogues as anticancer therapeutics: Synthesis, biological evaluations and structure–activity relationship studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 170:99-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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22
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Wu DM, Wang YJ, Fan SH, Zhang ZF, Shan Q, Lu J, Chen GQ, Zheng YL. High-throughput screening of novel pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases inhibitors and biological evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:252-262. [PMID: 30597326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) has been widely noticed in a variety of human solid tumors, which could be regarded as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. In this paper, we present an enzymatic screening assay and multiple biological evaluations for the identification of potential PDKs, especially PDK1 inhibitors. We identified 9 potential PDKs inhibitors from the screening of an in-house small molecule library, all of the identified inhibitors reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex phosphorylation. Among which, 4, 5, and 9 displayed the most potent PDKs inhibitory activities, with EC50 values of 0.34, 1.4, and 1.6 μM in an enzymatic assay, respectively. A kinase inhibition assay suggested that 4, 5, and 9 were pan-isoform PDK inhibitors, but more sensitive to PDK1. Meanwhile, the three compounds inhibited HSP90, with IC50 values of 0.78, 3.58, and 2.70 μM, respectively. The cell viability assay indicated that 4 inhibited all of the tested cancer cells proliferation, with a GC50 value of 2.3 μM against NCIH1975 cell, but has little effect on human normal lung cell BEAS-2B cell. In the NCIH1975 xenograft models, 4 displayed strong antitumor activities at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg, but with no negative effect on the mice weight. In addition, 4 decreased the ECAR and lactate formation, increased OCR and ROS level in NCIH1975 cancer cell, which could be used as a promising modulator to reprogram the glucose metabolic pathways in NCIH1975 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
| | - Gui-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China; College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, PR China.
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23
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Yang X, Gao J, Guo J, Zhao Z, Zhang SL, He Y. Anti-lung cancer activity and inhibitory mechanisms of a novel Calothrixin A derivative. Life Sci 2019; 219:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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24
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Guo F, Zhao S, Li X. Discovery of novel pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases inhibitors by screening of an in-house small molecule library for anti-lung cancer therapeutics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:291-296. [PMID: 30470491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) are widely over-expressed in various human solid cancers, making them attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we report the identification of structurally novel PDKs inhibitors by screening of an in-house small molecule library. Biochemical assay indicated that the identified compounds 1-4 inhibited PDK1 activity with EC50 values of 0.50, 1.99, 4.64, and 0.42 µM, respectively. The ITC analysis suggested that the identified compounds 1-4 were pan-isoform PDK inhibitors, which bound to and inhibited the four PDK isoforms. Moreover, 1-4 dose-dependently reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase complex phosphorylation in NCI-H1975 cell. Molecular docking suggested that the most potent compound 4 docked well in the ATP binding pocket of the four PDK isoforms, forming direct hydrogen bond interactions with the conserved amino acids Thr and Asp in ATP binding pocket of PDKs. The cell viability assay demonstrated that 4 potently blocked NCI-H1975 cell proliferation (IC50 = 3.32 µM), but had little effect on human normal lung cell MRC-5 even with the tested concentration up to 40 µM. All the data demonstrated that 4 was a promising lead for the development of structurally novel PDKs inhibitor for the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyun Guo
- The 7th Department of Medicine, Shaanxi Province Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China; The 7th Department of Medicine, Shaanxi Province Fifth People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710100, China
| | - Shufen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Xiao'e Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, China.
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25
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Li Y, Mou T, Lu L, Jiang X. Visible-light-promoted oxidative halogenation of alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14299-14302. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07655g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In nature, halogenation promotes the biological activity of secondary metabolites, especially geminal dihalogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Mou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Lingling Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences
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