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Zheng Y, Geng Y, Hou W, Li Z, Cheng C, Wang X, Yang Y. Study on the Antifungal Activity of Gallic Acid and Its Azole Derivatives against Fusarium graminearum. Molecules 2024; 29:1996. [PMID: 38731487 PMCID: PMC11085095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The wheat scab caused by Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) has seriously affected the yield and quality of wheat in China. In this study, gallic acid (GA), a natural polyphenol, was used to synthesize three azole-modified gallic acid derivatives (AGAs1-3). The antifungal activity of GA and its derivatives against F. graminearum was studied through mycelial growth rate experiments and field efficacy experiments. The results of the mycelial growth rate test showed that the EC50 of AGAs-2 was 0.49 mg/mL, and that of AGAs-3 was 0.42 mg/mL. The biological activity of AGAs-3 on F. graminearum is significantly better than that of GA. The results of field efficacy tests showed that AGAs-2 and AGAs-3 significantly reduced the incidence rate and disease index of wheat scab, and the control effect reached 68.86% and 72.11%, respectively. In addition, preliminary investigation was performed on the possible interaction between AGAs-3 and F. graminearum using density functional theory (DFT). These results indicate that compound AGAs-3, because of its characteristic of imidazolium salts, has potential for use as a green and environmentally friendly plant-derived antifungal agent for plant pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zheng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (W.H.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yuqi Geng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (W.H.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Wenlong Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (W.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Zhe Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China;
| | - Caihong Cheng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (W.H.); (Y.Y.)
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China;
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (W.H.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Kunnummal SP, Sori N, Khan MA, Khan M. Plant-Based Nutraceutical Formulation Modulates the Human Gut Microbiota and Ferulic Acid Esterase Activity During In Vitro Fermentation. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:3. [PMID: 37940729 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defences leading to neurological and other chronic disorders. The interaction between food and gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly reduces oxidative stress and influences host physiology and metabolism. This process mainly involves enzymes that hydrolyse complex polysaccharides and produce metabolites. Ferulic acid esterases (FAE) one of the most important enzymes of the gut microbiome, release ferulic acid from feruloylated sugar ester conjugates, that occur naturally in grains, fruits, and vegetables. FA is crucial in combating oxidative stress resulted from free radical formation. This study investigated the effect of two plant-based nutraceutical formulations, cereal-millet-based (PC1) and fruit-vegetable-based (PC2), on gut microbiota and the production of FAE, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and other small metabolites in in vitro fermentation using human faecal samples. After in vitro fermentation, both nutraceutical formulations increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Feacalibacteria, and Clostridium leptum. Furthermore, they induced the production of FAE, xylanase and pectinase enzymes, SCFA and other small metabolites, resulting in increased antioxidation activity of the fermentate. PC1 stimulated FAE and xylanase production more effectively. These results demonstrated a positive correlation between the feruloylated nutraceutical formulation and the production of FAE and other accessory enzymes, suggesting that PC1 and PC2 stimulate the proliferation of the FAE-producing microbial consortium of the gut microbiome and therefore, increase FA and SCFA concentration. From this study it is evident that FA-rich plant-based formulation can be used as a prophylactic nutraceutical supplement to alleviate oxidative stress by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saarika Pothuvan Kunnummal
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Nidhi Sori
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Mudassir Azeez Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahejibin Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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3
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Structure-activity and binding orientations analysis of potent, newly synthesized, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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8- Hydroxyquinolylnitrones as multifunctional ligands for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2152-2175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Current Pharmacotherapy and Multi-Target Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121560. [PMID: 36559010 PMCID: PMC9781592 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by decreased synaptic transmission and cerebral atrophy with appearance of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Cognitive, functional, and behavioral alterations are commonly associated with the disease. Different pathophysiological pathways of AD have been proposed, some of which interact and influence one another. Current treatment for AD mainly involves the use of therapeutic agents to alleviate the symptoms in AD patients. The conventional single-target treatment approaches do not often cause the desired effect in the disease due to its multifactorial origin. Thus, multi-target strategies have since been undertaken, which aim to simultaneously target multiple targets involved in the development of AD. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of AD and the current drug therapies for the disease. Additionally, rationales of the multi-target approaches and examples of multi-target drugs with pharmacological actions against AD are also discussed.
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Arshad HM, Ahmad FUD, Lodhi AH. Methanolic Extract of Aerva javanica Leaves Prevents LPS-Induced Depressive Like Behavior in Experimental Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4179-4204. [PMID: 36514526 PMCID: PMC9741839 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s383054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Depression is a chronic recurrent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with inflammation. This study explored the pharmacological activities of Aerva javanica leaves crude extract (Aj.Cr) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in experimental mice. Methods Aj.Cr was evaluated for its phenolic and flavonoid contents, bioactive potential, amino acid profiling and enzyme inhibition assays using different analytical techniques followed by in-silico molecular docking was performed. In addition, three ligands identified in HPLC analysis and standard galantamine were docked to acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) enzyme to assess the ligand interaction along with their binding affinities. In in-vivo analysis, mice were given normal saline (10 mL/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) and Aj.Cr (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) orally for 14-consecutive days. On the 14th day, respective treatment was given 30-minutes before intra-peritoneal administration of (0.83 mg/kg) LPS. Open field, forced swim and tail suspension tests were performed 24-hours after LPS injection, followed by a sucrose preference test 48-hours later. Serum corticosterone levels, as well as levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catecholamines were determined in brain tissues. Results In-vitro results revealed that crude extract of Aj.Cr possesses anti-depressant agents with solid antioxidant potential. In-vivo analysis showed that LPS significantly increased depressive-like behavior followed by alteration in serum and tissue biomarkers as compared to normal control (p < 0.001). While imipramine and Aj.Cr (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) treated groups significantly (p<0.05) improved the depressive-like behavior and biomarkers when compared to the LPS group. Conclusion The mitigation of LPS-induced depressive-like behavior by Aj.Cr may be linked to the modulation of oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and catecholamines due to the presence of potent bioactive compounds exerting anti-depressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Maida Arshad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan,Correspondence: Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad, Department of Pharmacology, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Khawaja Fareed Campus, Railway Road, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan, Tel +92-320-8402376, Email
| | - Arslan Hussain Lodhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Naidoo D, Pošta M, Kar P, Roy A, Anandraj A, Tloušťová E, Beier P, Van Staden J. Design and synthesis of thiophenone and furanthione butenolide bioisosteres with inhibitory activity towards acetylcholinesterase. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Alzheimer's disease: Updated multi-targets therapeutics are in clinical and in progress. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Budryn G, Majak I, Grzelczyk J, Szwajgier D, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Pérez-Sánchez H. Hydroxybenzoic Acids as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Calorimetric and Docking Simulation Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122476. [PMID: 35745206 PMCID: PMC9227119 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is low acetylcholine level due to high acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. For this reason, AChE inhibitors are used in the treatment of AD, the prolonged use of which may cause a cholinergic crisis. There is a need to search for safe natural AChE inhibitors. The study analyzed 16 hydroxybenzoic acids using calorimetry and docking simulation as AChE inhibitors. All tested compounds were shown to inhibit the hydrolysis of ACh. The best properties were shown by methyl syringinate, which acted as competitive inhibitor at a catalytic site. The tested compounds also interacted with the anionic or peripheral binding site known to block β-amyloid plaques formation. The activity of the tested hydroxybenzoic acids IC50 ranged from 5.50 to 34.19 µmol/µmol of AChE, and the binding constant Ka from 20.53 to 253.16 L/mol, which proves their reversible, non-toxic effect, and activity at physiological concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Budryn
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (G.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Iwona Majak
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (G.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Joanna Grzelczyk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; (G.B.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Martínez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (H.P.-S.)
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (A.R.-M.); (H.P.-S.)
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Kalari M, Abbasi Z, Shasaltaneh MD, Khaleghian A, Moosavi-Nejad Z. A Cobalt-Containing Compound as a Stronger Inhibitor than Galantamine to Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase Activity: A New Drug Candidate for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1503-1516. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) regulates the transmission of neural messages by hydrolyzing acetylcholine in synaptic spaces. Objective: The effects of many AChE inhibitors have been evaluated in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, but the present study examined a synthetic complex containing cobalt (SC) for the first time in the field of enzyme activity to evaluate enzyme inhibitory function. Methods: Ellman’s test was applied. AChE function was assessed in the presence of SC through docking and molecular dynamics analyses. The second structure of AChE was studied through circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Results: Several enzymatic methods were utilized for the kinetics of AChE, which indicated the non-Michaelis and positive homotropic behavior of AChE in the absence of inhibitors (Hill coefficient = 1.33). However, the existence of inhibitors did not eliminate this homotropic state, and even AChE had a more sigmoidal shape than the galantamine at the presence of SC. Based on the CD spectroscopy results, AChE structure changed in the existence of inhibitors and substrates. Bioinformatics analysis revealed SC bonding to the channel of active site AChE. The number of hydrogen bonds was such that the flexibility of the enzyme protein structure due to inhibitor binding reduced AChE function. Conclusion: The results reflected that AChE exhibited a non-Michaelis and positive homotropic behavior, leading to a more inhibitory effect on the SC than the galantamine. The positive homotropic behavior of AChE was intensified due to the alteration in AChE protein structure by binding SC to hydrophobic region in the active site pathway and impressing Trp84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Kalari
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Abbasi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Khaleghian
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi-Nejad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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Sivaraman B, Raji V, Velmurugan BA, Natarajan R. Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Inhibitor Molecules with Therapeutic Potential for Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:427-449. [PMID: 34602041 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210928160159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE), hydrolase enzyme, regulates the hydrolysis of acetylcholine neurotransmitter in the neurons. AchE is found majorly in the central nervous system at the site of cholinergic neurotransmission. It is involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's diseasecausing dementia, cognitive impairment, behavioral and psychological symptoms. Recent findings involved the inhibition of AchE that could aid in the treatment of Alzheimer's. Many drugs of different classes are being analyzed in the clinical trials and examined for their potency. Drugs that are used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are donepezil, galantamine, tacrine, rivastigmine showing major adverse effects. To overcome this, researchers work on novel drugs to elicit inhibition. This review comprises many hybrids and non-hybrid forms of heteroaromatic and nonheteroaromatic compounds that were designed and evaluated for AchE inhibition by Ellman's method of assay. These novel compounds may assist future perspectives in the discovery of novel moieties against Alzheimer's disease by the inhibition of AchE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneswari Sivaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vijaykumar Raji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bala Aakash Velmurugan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramalakshmi Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai-97, Tamilnadu, India
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Dorababu A. Promising heterocycle-based scaffolds in recent (2019-2021) anti-Alzheimer's drug design and discovery. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174847. [PMID: 35218718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases that led to morbidity and mortality world-wide. It is a complex disease whose etiology is not completely known that leads to difficulty in prevent or cure of the AD. Also, there are only few approved drugs for AD treatment. Apart from deaths due to AD, expenditure of treatment and care of AD patients is higher than that of treatment of HIV and cancer diseases combined. Hence, it leads to an economic burden also. Although research is being carried out on designing drugs for AD, most of them have ended up in poor inhibitors with high toxicity. Hence, researchers should shoulder a great responsibility of discovery of efficient drugs for AD treatment. In the field of drug discovery, heterocycles played an important role. Also, most of the heterocyclic scaffolds have been used in design of potent anti-AD agents. In view of this, heterocyclic molecules reported recently are compiled and evaluated comprehensively. Especially, the molecules which exhibited pronounced activity are emphasized and described with respect to structure-activity relationship (SAR) in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- SRMPP Government First Grade College, Huvinahadagali, 583219, India.
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Yu MY, Liu SN, Liu H, Meng QH, Qin XJ, Liu HY. Acylphloroglucinol trimers from Callistemon salignus seeds: Isolation, configurational assignment, hAChE inhibitory effects, and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105404. [PMID: 34749116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnoses are greatly increasing in frequency as the global population ages, highlighting an urgent need for new anti-AD strategies. With the aim to search for human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitors from the species of Myrtaceae family, ten acylphloroglucinol trimers (APTs), including eight new APTs, callistemontrimers A-H (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4b, and 5b), and two naturally occurring ones (4a and 5a), along with one reported triketone-acylphloroglucinol-monoterpene adduct (6), were obtained and structurally characterized from the hAChE inhibitory acetone extract of Callistemon salignus seeds. The structures and their absolute configurations for new APTs were unequivocally established via the detailed interpretation of extensive spectroscopic data (HRESIMS and NMR), ECD calculations, and single crystal X-ray diffraction, whereas the absolute configurations of known APTs were determined by further chiral separation, and calculated ECD calculations. The results of hAChE inhibitory assay revealed that an enantiomeric mixture of 2a/2b, 2a, and 2b are good hAChE inhibitors with IC50 values of 1.22 ± 0.23, 2.28 ± 0.19, and 4.96 ± 0.39 μM, respectively. Molecular docking was used to uncover the modes of interactions for bioactive compounds with the active site of hAChE. In addition, 2 and 6 displayed moderate neurite outgrowth-promoting effects with differentiation rates of 6.16% and 6.19% at a concentration of 1.0 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Novel propargylamine-based inhibitors of cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases: Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105301. [PMID: 34492558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A combination of several pharmacophores in one molecule has been successfully used for multi-target-directed ligands (MTDL) design. New propargylamine substituted derivatives combined with salicylic and cinnamic scaffolds were designed and synthesized as potential cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases (MAOs) inhibitors. They were evaluated invitro for inhibition of acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) using Ellman's method. All the compounds act as dual inhibitors. Most of the derivatives are stronger inhibitors of AChE, the best activity showed 5-bromo-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)salicylamide 1e (IC50 = 8.05 µM). Carbamates (4-bromo-2-[(prop-2-yn-1-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl ethyl(methyl)carbamate 2d and 2,4-dibromo-6-[(prop-2-yn-1-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl ethyl(methyl)carbamate 2e were selective and the most active for BuChE (25.10 and 26.09 µM). 4-Bromo-2-[(prop-2-yn-1-ylimino)methyl]phenol 4a was the most potent inhibitor of MAOs (IC50 of 3.95 and ≈10 µM for MAO-B and MAO-A, respectively) along with a balanced inhibition of both cholinesterases being a real MTDL. The mechanism of action was proposed, and binding modes of the hits were studied by molecular docking on human enzymes. Some of the derivatives also exhibited antioxidant properties. Insilico prediction of physicochemical parameters affirm that the molecules would be active after oral administration and able to reach brain tissue.
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15
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Almeida A, Fernandes E, Sarmento B, Lúcio M. A Biophysical Insight of Camptothecin Biodistribution: Towards a Molecular Understanding of Its Pharmacokinetic Issues. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060869. [PMID: 34204692 PMCID: PMC8231504 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is a potent anticancer drug, and its putative oral administration is envisioned although difficult due to physiological barriers that must be overcome. A comprehensive biophysical analysis of CPT interaction with biointerface models can be used to predict some pharmacokinetic issues after oral administration of this or other drugs. To that end, different models were used to mimic the phospholipid composition of normal, cancer, and blood–brain barrier endothelial cell membranes. The logD values obtained indicate that the drug is well distributed across membranes. CPT-membrane interaction studies also confirm the drug’s location at the membrane cooperative and interfacial regions. The drug can also permeate membranes at more ordered phases by altering phospholipid packing. The similar logD values obtained in membrane models mimicking cancer or normal cells imply that CPT has limited selectivity to its target. Furthermore, CPT binds strongly to serum albumin, leaving only 8.05% of free drug available to be distributed to the tissues. The strong interaction with plasma proteins, allied to the large distribution (VDSS = 5.75 ± 0.932 L·Kg−1) and tendency to bioaccumulate in off-target tissues, were predicted to be pharmacokinetic issues of CPT, implying the need to develop drug delivery systems to improve its biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Almeida
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (B.S.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (B.S.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central da Gandra 137, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- CBMA, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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16
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Jung Y, Hong JE, Kwak JH, Park Y. Single-Step Approach toward Nitrones via Pyridinium Ylides: The DMAP-Catalyzed Reaction of Benzyl Halides with Nitrosoarenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6343-6350. [PMID: 33890771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A single-step approach is reported for the preparation of nitrones from benzyl halides and nitrosoarenes via pyridinium ylides, utilizing 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) catalyst and mild reaction conditions (Li2CO3, dimethylacetamide, and room temperature). The reaction provides both keto- and aldonitrones in high yields with a wide scope for benzyl halides and nitrosoarenes. In the same reaction system, 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane, which does not have an aryl group, also affords the corresponding N-tert-butyl nitrones from primary benzyl bromides that have an electron-withdrawing group. As an application of the reaction, methyl 2-bromo-2-phenylacetate was used to prepare the corresponding isoxazolidine by a sequential one-pot synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonghun Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Eun Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, 309 Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
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17
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YAMALI C, GÜL Hİ, LEVENT S, DEMİR Y. Inhibitory effects of novel benzamide derivatives towards acetylcholinesterase enzyme. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.842465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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Fernandes E, Benfeito S, Cagide F, Gonçalves H, Bernstorff S, Nieder JB, Cd Real Oliveira ME, Borges F, Lúcio M. Lipid Nanosystems and Serum Protein as Biomimetic Interfaces: Predicting the Biodistribution of a Caffeic Acid-Based Antioxidant. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2021; 14:7-27. [PMID: 33603350 PMCID: PMC7882595 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s289355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose AntiOxCIN3 is a novel mitochondriotropic antioxidant developed to minimize the effects of oxidative stress on neurodegenerative diseases. Prior to an investment in pre-clinical in vivo studies, it is important to apply in silico and biophysical cell-free in vitro studies to predict AntiOxCIN3 biodistribution profile, respecting the need to preserve animal health in accordance with the EU principles (Directive 2010/63/EU). Accordingly, we propose an innovative toolbox of biophysical studies and mimetic models of biological interfaces, such as nanosystems with different compositions mimicking distinct membrane barriers and human serum albumin (HSA). Methods Intestinal and cell membrane permeation of AntiOxCIN3 was predicted using derivative spectrophotometry. AntiOxCIN3 –HSA binding was evaluated by intrinsic fluorescence quenching, synchronous fluorescence, and dynamic/electrophoretic light scattering. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching was used to predict AntiOxCIN3-membrane orientation. Fluorescence anisotropy, synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering were used to predict lipid membrane biophysical impairment caused by AntiOxCIN3 distribution. Results and Discussion We found that AntiOxCIN3 has the potential to permeate the gastrointestinal tract. However, its biodistribution and elimination from the body might be affected by its affinity to HSA (>90%) and by its steady-state volume of distribution (VDSS=1.89± 0.48 L∙Kg−1). AntiOxCIN3 is expected to locate parallel to the membrane phospholipids, causing a bilayer stiffness effect. AntiOxCIN3 is also predicted to permeate through blood-brain barrier and reach its therapeutic target – the brain. Conclusion Drug interactions with biological interfaces may be evaluated using membrane model systems and serum proteins. This knowledge is important for the characterization of drug partitioning, positioning and orientation of drugs in membranes, their effect on membrane biophysical properties and the study of serum protein binding. The analysis of these interactions makes it possible to collect valuable knowledge on the transport, distribution, accumulation and, eventually, therapeutic impact of drugs which may aid the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Fernandes
- Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cagide
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Sigrid Bernstorff
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C.p.A.,, Basovizza, Trieste, I-34149, Italy
| | - Jana B Nieder
- Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Elisabete Cd Real Oliveira
- Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,CBMA, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
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19
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Carecho R, Carregosa D, Dos Santos CN. Low Molecular Weight (poly)Phenol Metabolites Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: The Underexplored Journey. Brain Plast 2021; 6:193-214. [PMID: 33782650 PMCID: PMC7990460 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The world of (poly)phenols arising from dietary sources has been significantly amplified with the discovery of low molecular weight (LMW) (poly)phenol metabolites resulting from phase I and phase II metabolism and microbiota transformations. These metabolites, which are known to reach human circulation have been studied to further explore their interesting properties, especially regarding neuroprotection. Nevertheless, once in circulation, their distribution to target tissues, such as the brain, relies on their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), one of the most controlled barriers present in humans. This represents a key step of an underexplored journey towards the brain. Present review highlights the main findings related to the ability of LMW (poly)phenol metabolites to reach the brain, considering different studies: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. The mechanisms associated with the transport of these LMW (poly)phenol metabolites across the BBB and possible transporters will be discussed. Overall, the transport of these LMW (poly)phenol metabolites is crucial to elucidate which compounds may exert direct neuroprotective effects, so it is imperative to continue dissecting their potential to cross the BBB and the mechanisms behind their permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carecho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diogo Carregosa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal
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20
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Kalaycı M, Türkeş C, Arslan M, Demir Y, Beydemir Ş. Novel benzoic acid derivatives: Synthesis and biological evaluation as multitarget acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000282. [PMID: 33155700 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dementia, memory impairment, cognitive dysfunction, and speech impairment. The utility of cholinergic replacement by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors in AD treatment has been well documented so far. Recently, studies have also evidenced that human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) serve as an important target for AD treatment. In this direction, the improvement of new multitarget drugs, which can simultaneously modulate several mechanisms or targets included in the AD pathway, may be a potent strategy to treat AD. In light of these data for understanding and developing AD-related multitarget AChE and hCAs inhibitors, in this study, novel methylene-aminobenzoic acid and tetrahydroisoquinolynyl-benzoic acid derivatives (4a-g and 6a-g) were designed. The synthesized analogs were experimentally validated for their effects by in vitro and direct enzymatic tests. Also, the compounds were subjected to in silico monitoring with Schrödinger Suite software to assign binding affinities of potential derivatives based on Glide XP scoring, molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area computing, and validation by molecular docking. The results revealed that 6c (1,3-dimethyldihydropyrimidine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione-substituted, KI value of 33.00 ± 0.29 nM), 6e (cyclohexanone-substituted, KI value of 18.78 ± 0.09 nM), and 6f (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-one-substituted, KI value of 13.62 ± 0.21 nM) from the benzoic acid derivatives in this series were the most promising derivatives, as they exhibited a good multifunctional inhibition at all experimental levels and in the in silico validation against hCA I, hCA II, and AChE, respectively, for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muharrem Kalaycı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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21
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Li M, Gao X, Lan M, Liao X, Su F, Fan L, Zhao Y, Hao X, Wu G, Ding X. Inhibitory activities of flavonoids from Eupatorium adenophorum against acetylcholinesterase. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 170:104701. [PMID: 32980054 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen flavonoids isolated from the Eupatorium adenophorum showed inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) isolated from Caenorhabditis elegans and Spodoptera litura. Their IC50 values ranged from 12.54 to 89.06μg/mL and 12.08 to 86.01μg/mL, respectively against the AChE isolated from the nematode and insect species. AChE was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by all tested flavonoids, The isolated compound quercetagetin-7-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) displayed the highest inhibitory effect against AChE from C. elegans and S. litura, with IC50 values of 12.54 μg/mL and 12.58 μg/mL, respectively. The structure-activity relationship of flavonoids on the inhibitory activities indicated that additional phenolic hydroxyl groups in the glucose were favorable for their inhibitory effects and the degree of increase in inhibitory activity also depended on the number of phenolic hydroxyl groups. The Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots indicated that quercetagetin-7-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) is a reversible inhibitor against AChE. Quercetagetin-7-O-(6-O-caffeoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), 5,4'-Dihydroxytlavone and quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside inhibited AChE in a mixed-type competitive manner and these compounds might be the dual binding site AChE inhibitors. Further, nine compounds showed poisonous effects against C. elegans and inhibitory effects on the growth and development of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | - Xi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | - Mingxian Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | - Xianbin Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | - Fawu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | - Liming Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650100, China.
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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22
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Recent developments of gallic acid derivatives and their hybrids in medicinal chemistry: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Farouk FM, Ooi L, Law CSW, Yeong KY. Dual‐Target‐Directed Ligand Displaying Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Neurite Promoting Activities as a Potential Therapeutic for Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Manaal Farouk
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Luyi Ooi
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Christine Shing Wei Law
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia Campus Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- Tropical Medicine and Biology (TMB) multidisciplinary platform Monash University Malaysia 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
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24
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Gungor O, Kurtar SNK, Kose M. Water soluble biguanide salts and their 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Seven biguanide derivatives were prepared by the nucleophilic reaction between dicyandiamide and p-substitute aniline derivatives or memantine or adamantine under acidic conditions. The cyclization of the biguanide compounds were also conducted via acetone to give 1,3,5-triazine derivatives. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical methods. The solid state structures of [HL5]Cl, [H2L7]Cl2, [HL1a]Cl and [HL5a]Cl were investigated by X-ray diffraction study. The acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitor properties of the compounds were then evaluated by the spectroscopic method. The compounds were found to show considerable acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities compared to the approved drugs. The cyclization of biguanide derivatives with acetone did not affect inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, yet increased the α-glucosidase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Gungor
- Chemistry Department , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , 46050 , Turkey
| | - Seda Nur Kertmen Kurtar
- Material Science and Engineering Department , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , 46050 , Turkey
| | - Muhammet Kose
- Chemistry Department , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , 46050 , Turkey
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25
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Siwy CM, Delfing BM, Smith AK, Klimov DK. Partitioning of Benzoic Acid into 1,2-Dimyristoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and Blood-Brain Barrier Mimetic Bilayers. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:4030-4046. [PMID: 32672960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using an all-atom explicit water model and replica exchange umbrella sampling simulations, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of benzoic acid partitioning into two model lipid bilayers. The first was formed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) lipids, whereas the second was composed of an equimolar mixture of DMPC, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, palmitoylsphingomyelin, and cholesterol to constitute a blood-brain barrier (BBB) mimetic bilayer. Comparative analysis of benzoic acid partitioning into the two bilayers has revealed qualitative similarities. Partitioning into the DMPC and BBB bilayers is thermodynamically favorable although insertion into the former lowers the free energy of benzoic acid by approximately an additional 1 kcal mol-1. The partitioning energetics for the two bilayers is also largely similar based on the balance of benzoic acid interactions with apolar fatty acid tails, polar lipid headgroups, and water. In both bilayers, benzoic acid retains a considerable number of residual water molecules until reaching the bilayer midplane where it experiences nearly complete dehydration. Upon insertion into the bilayers, benzoic acid undergoes several rotations primarily determined by the interactions with the lipid headgroups. Nonetheless, in addition to the depth of the free energy minimum, the BBB bilayer differs from the DMPC counterpart by a much deeper location of the free energy minimum and the appearance of a high free energy barrier and positioning of benzoic acid near the midplane. Furthermore, DMPC and BBB bilayers exhibit different structural responses to benzoic acid insertion. Taken together, the BBB mimetic bilayer is preferable for an accurate description of benzoic acid partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Siwy
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Bryan M Delfing
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Amy K Smith
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Dmitri K Klimov
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
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26
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Rodríguez-Lavado J, Gallardo-Garrido C, Mallea M, Bustos V, Osorio R, Hödar-Salazar M, Chung H, Araya-Maturana R, Lorca M, Pessoa-Mahana CD, Mella-Raipán J, Saitz C, Jaque P, Reyes-Parada M, Iturriaga-Vásquez P, Pessoa-Mahana H. Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking of a new class of indolylpropyl benzamidopiperazines as dual AChE and SERT ligands for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112368. [PMID: 32388114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, the one drug-one target strategy has resulted to be inefficient in facing diseases with complex ethiology like Alzheimer's disease and many others. In this context, the multitarget paradigm has emerged as a promising strategy. Based on this consideration, we aim to develop novel molecules as promiscuous ligands acting in two or more targets at the same time. For such purpose, a new series of indolylpropyl-piperazinyl oxoethyl-benzamido piperazines were synthesized and evaluated as multitarget-directed drugs for the serotonin transporter (SERT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The ability to decrease β-amyloid levels as well as cell toxicity of all compounds were also measured. In vitro results showed that at least four compounds displayed promising activity against SERT and AChE. Compounds 18 and 19 (IC50 = 3.4 and 3.6 μM respectively) exhibited AChE inhibition profile in the same order of magnitude as donepezil (DPZ, IC50 = 2.17 μM), also displaying nanomolar affinity in SERT. Moreover, compounds 17 and 24 displayed high SERT affinities (IC50 = 9.2 and 1.9 nM respectively) similar to the antidepressant citalopram, and significant micromolar AChE activity at the same time. All the bioactive compounds showed a low toxicity profile in the range of concentrations studied. Molecular docking allowed us to rationalize the binding mode of the synthesized compounds in both targets. In addition, we also show that compounds 11 and 25 exhibit significant β-amyloid lowering activity in a cell-based assay, 11 (50% inhibition, 10 μM) and 25 (35% inhibition, 10 μM). These results suggest that indolylpropyl benzamidopiperazines based compounds constitute promising leads for a multitargeted approach for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Rodríguez-Lavado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gallardo-Garrido
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Mallea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Bustos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Rodrigo Osorio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Hödar-Salazar
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Hery Chung
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Marcos Lorca
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C David Pessoa-Mahana
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Mella-Raipán
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudio Saitz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Jaque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, 1007, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Reyes-Parada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Iturriaga-Vásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería Ciencias, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research Applied to the Environment, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Hernán Pessoa-Mahana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Olivos, 1007, Santiago, Chile.
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27
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Pourshojaei Y, Abiri A, Eskandari K, Haghighijoo Z, Edraki N, Asadipour A. Phenoxyethyl Piperidine/Morpholine Derivatives as PAS and CAS Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: Insights for Future Drug Design. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19855. [PMID: 31882733 PMCID: PMC6934599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catalyzes the conversion of Aβ peptide to its aggregated form and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE is mainly involved in this phenomenon. Also catalytic active site (CAS) of donepezil stimulates the break-down of acetylcholine (ACh) and depletion of ACh in cholinergic synapses are well established in brains of patients with AD. In this study, a set of compounds bearing phenoxyethyl amines were synthesized and their inhibitory activity toward electric eel AChE (eeAChE) and equine butyrylcholinesterase (eqBuChE) were evaluated. Molecular dynamics (MD) was employed to record the binding interactions of best compounds against human cholinesterases (hAChE and hBuChE) as well as donepezil as reference drug. In vitro results revealed that compound 5c is capable of inhibiting eeAChE activity at IC50 of 0.50 µM while no inhibitory activity was found for eqBuChE for up to 100 µM concentrations. Compound 5c, also due to its facile synthesis, small structure and high selectivity for eeAChE would be very interesting candidate in forthcoming studies. The main interacting parts of compound 5c and compound 7c (most potent eeAChE and eqBuChE inhibitors respectively) with receptors which confer selectivity for AChE and BuChE inhibition were identified, discussed, and compared with donepezil’s interactions. Also during MD simulation it was discovered for the first time that binding of substrates like donepezil to dual CAS and PAS or solely CAS region might have a suppressive impact on 4-α-helical bundles near the tryptophan amphiphilic tetramerization (WAT) domain of AChE and residues which are far away from AChE active site. The results proposed that residues involved in donepezil interactions (Trp86 and Phe295) which are located in CAS and mid-gorge are the mediator of conformational changes in whole protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoub Pourshojaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ardavan Abiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khalil Eskandari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Haghighijoo
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Asadipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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28
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Lanthier C, Payan H, Liparulo I, Hatat B, Lecoutey C, Since M, Davis A, Bergamini C, Claeysen S, Dallemagne P, Bolognesi ML, Rochais C. Novel multi target-directed ligands targeting 5-HT4 receptors with in cellulo antioxidant properties as promising leads in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on acetylcholinesterase: Enzyme kinetics and interaction mechanism merging with molecular docking analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:303-313. [PMID: 31128195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) serves as an important target for Alzheimer's disease. Salvia miltiorrhiza has been used to treat cardiovascular disease for hundreds of years. However, the interaction between S. miltiorrhiza and AchE is still inadequate. Herein, an integrated method including molecular docking and experimental studies was employed to investigate the interaction. Consequently, some components were screened as potent AchE inhibitors by in silico and in vitro. Among them, miltirone (MT) and salvianolic acid A (SAA) reversibly inhibited AchE in a mixed-competitive manner. Fluorescence data revealed that SAA and salvianolic acid C (SAC) strongly quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of AchE through a static quenching mechanism, and the binding was spontaneous and dominated by hydrophobic interaction inferred by the thermodynamic parameters. The synchronous and ANS-binding fluorescence spectra suggested that SAA and SAC could bind to the enzyme and induce its conformation changes of secondary structures, which was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. Meanwhile, molecular docking presented the probable binding modes of inhibitors to AchE and highlighted the key role of hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds for the stability of docking complex. These findings put more insights into understanding the interaction of S. miltiorrhiza chemicals and AchE, as well as Alzheimer's disease.
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