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Sagdat K, Batyrkhan A, Kanayeva D. Exploring monkeypox virus proteins and rapid detection techniques. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1414224. [PMID: 38863833 PMCID: PMC11165096 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1414224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox (mpox) is an infectious disease caused by the mpox virus and can potentially lead to fatal outcomes. It resembles infections caused by viruses from other families, challenging identification. The pathogenesis, transmission, and clinical manifestations of mpox and other Orthopoxvirus species are similar due to their closely related genetic material. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the roles of various proteins, including extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), intracellular mature virus (IMV), and profilin-like proteins of mpox. It also highlights recent diagnostic techniques based on these proteins to detect this infection rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Damira Kanayeva
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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2
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Rout M, Dey S, Mishra S, Panda S, Singh MK, Sinha R, Dehury B, Pati S. Machine learning and classical MD simulation to identify inhibitors against the P37 envelope protein of monkeypox virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3935-3948. [PMID: 37221882 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2216290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak is a serious public health concern that requires international attention. P37 of MPXV plays a pivotal role in DNA replication and acts as one of the promising targets for antiviral drug design. In this study, we intent to screen potential analogs of existing FDA approved drugs of MPXV against P37 using state-of-the-art machine learning and computational biophysical techniques. AlphaFold2 guided all-atoms molecular dynamics simulations optimized P37 structure is used for molecular docking and binding free energy calculations. Similar to members of Phospholipase-D family , the predicted P37 structure also adopts a β-α-β-α-β sandwich fold, harbouring strongly conserved HxKxxxxD motif. The binding pocket comprises of Tyr48, Lys86, His115, Lys117, Ser130, Asn132, Trp280, Asn240, His325, Lys327 and Tyr346 forming strong hydrogen bonds and dense hydrophobic contacts with the screened analogs and is surrounded by positively charged patches. Loops connecting the two domains and C-terminal region exhibit high degree of flexibility. In some structural ensembles, the partial disorderness in the C-terminal region is presumed to be due to its low confidence score, acquired during structure prediction. Transition from loop to β-strands (244-254 aa) in P37-Cidofovir and its analog complexes advocates the need for further investigations. MD simulations support the accuracy of the molecular docking results, indicating the potential of analogs as potent binders of P37. Taken together, our results provide preferable understanding of molecular recognition and dynamics of ligand-bound states of P37, offering opportunities for development of new antivirals against MPXV. However, the need of in vitro and in vivo assays for confirmation of these results still persists.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Rout
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Suchanda Dey
- Biomics and Biodiversity Lab, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (deemed to be) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sarbani Mishra
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sunita Panda
- Mycology Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahender Kumar Singh
- Data Science Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Rohan Sinha
- Computer Science, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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3
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Ragshaniya A, Kumar V, Tittal RK, Lal K. Nascent pharmacological advancement in adamantane derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300595. [PMID: 38128028 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The adamantane moiety has attracted significant attention since its discovery in 1933 due to its remarkable structural, chemical, and medicinal properties. This molecule has a notable impact in the therapeutic field because of its "add-on" lipophilicity to any pharmacophoric moieties. As in the case of molecular hybridization, in which one pharmacophore is attached to another one(s) with a probability of increasing the biological activity, adding an adamantane unit improves the absorption distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of the resultant hybrid molecule. This review summarizes various reports highlighting the biological activities of adamantane-based synthetic compounds and their structure-activity relationship study. The information presented in this review may open up possible dimensions for adamantane-based drug development and discovery in the pharmaceutical industry after proper structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ragshaniya
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ram Kumar Tittal
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
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4
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Pourkarim F, Entezari‐Maleki T. Clinical considerations on monkeypox antiviral medications: An overview. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e01164. [PMID: 38149674 PMCID: PMC10751857 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox (mpox), a virus belonging to the orthopoxvirus family, can cause a zoonotic infectious disease with morbidity and cosmetic complications. Therefore, effective antiviral drugs with appropriate safety profiles are important for the treatment of patients with mpox. To date, there is no FDA-approved drug for the treatment of mpox. However, tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir are the candidate therapies for the management of mpox. Given the safety concerns following the use of these medications, we aimed to review evidence on the clinical considerations of mpox antiviral medications that will be useful to guide clinicians in the treatment approach. Based on the current evidence, tecovirimat has favorable clinical efficacy, safety, and side effect profile and it can be considered as first-line treatment for mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Pourkarim
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Taher Entezari‐Maleki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Cardiovascular Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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5
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Srivastava V, Naik B, Godara P, Das D, Mattaparthi VSK, Prusty D. Identification of FDA-approved drugs with triple targeting mode of action for the treatment of monkeypox: a high throughput virtual screening study. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10636-4. [PMID: 37079243 PMCID: PMC10116100 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, as of August 23, 94 countries had confirmed 42,954 Monkeypox Virus cases. As specific monkeypox drugs are not yet developed, the treatment depends on repurposed FDA-approved drugs. According to a recent study, the Monkeypox outbreak is caused by a strain with a unique mutation, raising the likelihood that the virus will develop resistance to current drugs by acquiring mutations in the targets of currently used drugs. The probability of multiple mutations in two or more drug targets at a time is always low than mutation in a single drug target. Therefore, we identified 15 triple-targeting FDA-approved drugs that can inhibit three viral targets, including topoisomerase1, p37, and thymidylate kinase, using high throughput virtual screening approach. Further, the molecular dynamics simulation analysis of the top hits such as Naldemedine and Saquinavir with their respective targets reveals the formation of stable conformational changes of the ligand-protein complexes inside the dynamic biological environment. We suggest further research on these triple-targeting molecules to develop an effective therapy for the currently spreading Monkeypox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varshita Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Biswajit Naik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Priya Godara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Dorothy Das
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Venkata Satish Kumar Mattaparthi
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Dhaneswar Prusty
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India.
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Dodaro A, Pavan M, Moro S. Targeting the I7L Protease: A Rational Design for Anti-Monkeypox Drugs? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087119. [PMID: 37108279 PMCID: PMC10138331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022 showcased the potential threat of this viral zoonosis to public health. The lack of specific treatments against this infection and the success of viral protease inhibitors-based treatments against HIV, Hepatitis C, and SARS-CoV-2, brought the monkeypox virus I7L protease under the spotlight as a potential target for the development of specific and compelling drugs against this emerging disease. In the present work, the structure of the monkeypox virus I7L protease was modeled and thoroughly characterized through a dedicated computational study. Furthermore, structural information gathered in the first part of the study was exploited to virtually screen the DrugBank database, consisting of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and clinical-stage drug candidates, in search for readily repurposable compounds with similar binding features as TTP-6171, the only non-covalent I7L protease inhibitor reported in the literature. The virtual screening resulted in the identification of 14 potential inhibitors of the monkeypox I7L protease. Finally, based on data collected within the present work, some considerations on developing allosteric modulators of the I7L protease are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dodaro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pavan
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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7
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Sen Gupta PS, Panda SK, Nayak AK, Rana MK. Identification and Investigation of a Cryptic Binding Pocket of the P37 Envelope Protein of Monkeypox Virus by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3230-3235. [PMID: 36972468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the monkeypox virus has surged during the unchecked COVID-19 epidemic. The most crucial target is the viral envelope protein, p37. However, lacking p37's crystal structure is a significant hurdle to rapid therapeutic discovery and mechanism elucidation. Structural modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) of the enzyme with inhibitors reveal a cryptic pocket occluded in the unbound structure. For the first time, the inhibitor's dynamic flip from the active to the cryptic site enlightens p37's allosteric site, which squeezes the active site, impairing its function. A large force is needed for inhibitor dissociation from the allosteric site, ushering in its biological importance. In addition, hot spot residues identified at both locations and discovered drugs more potent than tecovirimat may enable even more robust inhibitor designs against p37 and accelerate the development of monkeypox therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Sarthi Sen Gupta
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, D Y Patil International University (DYPIU), Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Abhijit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
| | - Malay Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India
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Hudu SA, Alshrari AS, Al Qtaitat A, Imran M. VP37 Protein Inhibitors for Mpox Treatment: Highlights on Recent Advances, Patent Literature, and Future Directions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041106. [PMID: 37189724 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox disease (Mpox) has threatened humankind worldwide since mid-2022. The Mpox virus (MpoxV) is an example of Orthopoxviruses (OPVs), which share similar genomic structures. A few treatments and vaccines are available for Mpox. OPV-specific VP37 protein (VP37P) is a target for developing drugs against Mpox and other OPV-induced infections such as smallpox. This review spotlights the existing and prospective VP37P inhibitors (VP37PIs) for Mpox. The non-patent literature was collected from PubMed, and the patent literature was gathered from free patent databases. Very little work has been carried out on developing VP37PIs. One VP37PI (tecovirimat) has already been approved in Europe to treat Mpox, while another drug, NIOCH-14, is under clinical trial. Developing tecovirimat/NIOCH-14-based combination therapies with clinically used drugs demonstrating activity against Mpox or other OPV infections (mitoxantrone, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, novobiocin, cidofovir, brincidofovir, idoxuridine, trifluridine, vidarabine, fialuridine, adefovir, imatinib, and rifampicin), immunity boosters (vitamin C, zinc, thymoquinone, quercetin, ginseng, etc.), and vaccines may appear a promising strategy to fight against Mpox and other OPV infections. Drug repurposing is also a good approach for identifying clinically useful VP37PIs. The dearth in the discovery process of VP37PIs makes it an interesting area for further research. The development of the tecovirimat/NIOCH-14-based hybrid molecules with certain chemotherapeutic agents looks fruitful and can be explored to obtain new VP37PI. It would be interesting and challenging to develop an ideal VP37PI concerning its specificity, safety, and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibu A Hudu
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Ahmed S Alshrari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Al Qtaitat
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Wang J, Shahed-Ai-Mahmud M, Chen A, Li K, Tan H, Joyce R. An Overview of Antivirals against Monkeypox Virus and Other Orthopoxviruses. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4468-4490. [PMID: 36961984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The current monkeypox outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic have reignited interest in orthopoxvirus antivirals. Monkeypox belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, which also includes the variola virus, vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus. Two orally bioavailable drugs, tecovirimat and brincidofovir, have been approved for treating smallpox infections. Given their human safety profiles and in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models, both drugs have also been recommended to treat monkeypox infection. To facilitate the development of additional orthopoxvirus antivirals, we summarize the antiviral activity, mechanism of action, and mechanism of resistance of orthopoxvirus antivirals. This perspective covers both direct-acting and host-targeting antivirals with an emphasis on drug candidates showing in vivo antiviral efficacy in animal models. We hope to speed the orthopoxvirus antiviral drug discovery by providing medicinal chemists with insights into prioritizing proper drug targets and hits for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Md Shahed-Ai-Mahmud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Angelo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Haozhou Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ryan Joyce
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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10
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Tang H, Zhang A. Human mpox: Biology, epidemiology, therapeutic options, and development of small molecule inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2023. [PMID: 36891882 DOI: 10.1002/med.21943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Although monkeypox (mpox) has been endemic in Western and Central Africa for 50 years, it has not received sufficient prophylactic and therapeutical attention to avoid evolving into an epidemic. From January 2022 to January 2023, more than 84,000 of mpox cases were reported from 110 countries worldwide. Case numbers appear to be rising every day, making mpox an increasing global public health threat for the foreseeable future. In this perspective, we review the known biology and epidemiology of mpox virus, together with the latest therapeutic options available for mpox treatment. Further, small molecule inhibitors against mpox virus and the future directions in this field are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, and the Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Delivery, and the Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
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11
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Ivleva EA, Zaborskaya MS, Shiryaev VA, Klimochkin YN. One pot synthesis of bridgehead amino alcohols from diamantoid hydrocarbons. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2177173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Ivleva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| | - Maria S. Zaborskaya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim A. Shiryaev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri N. Klimochkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Samara State Technical University, Samara, Russian Federation
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12
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Nikitina PA, Basanova EI, Nikolaenkova EB, Os'kina IA, Serova OA, Bormotov NI, Shishkina LN, Perevalov VP, Tikhonov AY. Synthesis of esters and amides of 2-aryl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acids and study of their antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 79:129080. [PMID: 36414175 PMCID: PMC9674569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Smallpox was eradicated >40 years ago but it is not a reason to forget forever about orthopoxviruses pathogenic to humans. Though in 1980 the decision of WHO to cease vaccination against smallpox had seemed logical, it led to the decrease of cross immunity against other infections caused by orthopoxviruses. As a result, in 2022 the multi-country monkeypox outbreak becomes a topic of great concern. In spite of existing FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of such diseases, the search for new small-molecule orthopoxvirus inhibitors continues. In the course of this search a series of novel 2-aryl-1-hydroxyimidazole derivatives containing ester or carboxamide moieties in position 5 of heterocycle has been synthesized and tested for activity against Vaccinia virus in Vero cell culture. Some of the compounds under consideration revealed a selectivity index higher than that of the reference drug Cidofovir. The highest selectivity index SI = 919 was exhibited by ethyl 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate 1f. The most active compound also demonstrated inhibitory activity against the cowpox virus (SI = 20) and the ectromelia virus (SI = 46).
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Nikitina
- D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russia.
| | - E I Basanova
- D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - E B Nikolaenkova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I A Os'kina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O A Serova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - N I Bormotov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - L N Shishkina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - V P Perevalov
- D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russia
| | - A Ya Tikhonov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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13
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Khani E, Afsharirad B, Entezari-Maleki T. Monkeypox treatment: Current evidence and future perspectives. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28229. [PMID: 36253931 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As of September 11, 2022, 57 669 reports of monkeypox infection raised global concern. Previous vaccinia virus vaccination can protect from monkeypox. However, after smallpox eradication, immunization against that was stopped. Indeed, therapeutic options following the disease onset are of great value. This study aimed to review the available evidence on virology and treatment approaches for monkeypox and provide guidance for patient care and future studies. Since no randomized clinical trials were ever performed, we reviewed monkeypox animal model studies and clinical trials on the safety and pharmacokinetics of available medications. Brincidofovir and tecovirimat were the most studied medications that got approval for smallpox treatment according to the Animal Rule. Due to the conserved virology among Orthopoxviruses, available medications might also be effective against monkeypox. However, tecovirimat has the strongest evidence to be effective and safe for monkeypox treatment, and if there is a choice between the two drugs, tecovirimat has shown more promise so far. The risk of resistance should be considered in patients who failed to respond to tecovirimat. Hence, the target-based design of novel antivirals will enhance the availability and spectrum of effective anti-Orthopoxvirus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Khani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bentelhoda Afsharirad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Taher Entezari-Maleki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Abstract
Human monkeypox is a viral zoonosis endemic to West and Central Africa that has recently generated increased interest and concern on a global scale as an emerging infectious disease threat in the midst of the slowly relenting COVID-2019 disease pandemic. The hallmark of infection is the development of a flu-like prodrome followed by the appearance of a smallpox-like exanthem. Precipitous person-to-person transmission of the virus among residents of 100 countries where it is nonendemic has motivated the immediate and widespread implementation of public health countermeasures. In this review, we discuss the origins and virology of monkeypox virus, its link with smallpox eradication, its record of causing outbreaks of human disease in regions where it is endemic in wildlife, its association with outbreaks in areas where it is nonendemic, the clinical manifestations of disease, laboratory diagnostic methods, case management, public health interventions, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Elsayed
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lise Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - William P. Hanage
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Mozhaitsev ES, Suslov EV, Rastrepaeva DA, Yarovaya OI, Borisevich SS, Khamitov EM, Kolybalov DS, Arkhipov SG, Bormotov NI, Shishkina LN, Serova OA, Brunilin RV, Vernigora AA, Nawrozkij MB, Agafonov AP, Maksyutov RA, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of the Cage-Amide Derived Orthopox Virus Replication Inhibitors. Viruses 2022; 15:29. [PMID: 36680072 PMCID: PMC9865139 DOI: 10.3390/v15010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the variola virus is considered eradicated, the search for new small molecules with activity against orthopoxviruses remains an important task, especially in the context of recent outbreaks of monkeypox. As a result of this work, a number of amides of benzoic acids containing an adamantane fragment were obtained. Most of the compounds demonstrated activity against vaccinia virus, with a selectivity index SI = 18,214 for the leader compound 18a. The obtained derivatives also demonstrated activity against murine pox (250 ≤ SI ≤ 6071) and cowpox (125 ≤ SI ≤ 3036). A correlation was obtained between the IC50 meanings and the binding energy to the assumed biological target, the p37 viral protein with R2 = 0.60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii S. Mozhaitsev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Suslov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Daria A. Rastrepaeva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga I. Yarovaya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sophia S. Borisevich
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry Ufa Federal Research Center, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450078 Ufa, Russia
| | - Edward M. Khamitov
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis, Ufa Institute of Chemistry Ufa Federal Research Center, 71 Pr. Oktyabrya, 450078 Ufa, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kolybalov
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility SKIF, G.K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
- Scientific Educational Center “Institute of Chemical Technology”, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Arkhipov
- Synchrotron Radiation Facility SKIF, G.K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
- Scientific Educational Center “Institute of Chemical Technology”, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolai I. Bormotov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Larisa N. Shishkina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Olga A. Serova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Roman V. Brunilin
- Department of Analytical, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Department of Organic Chemistry, Volgograd State Technical University Lenina, Avenue 28, 400005 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Vernigora
- Department of Analytical, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Department of Organic Chemistry, Volgograd State Technical University Lenina, Avenue 28, 400005 Volgograd, Russia
| | - Maxim B. Nawrozkij
- Center of Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue 1, Krasnodar Krai, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Alexander P. Agafonov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Rinat A. Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentyev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Therapeutic strategies for human poxvirus infections: Monkeypox (mpox), smallpox, molluscipox, and orf. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 52:102528. [PMID: 36539022 PMCID: PMC9758798 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic and vaccine development for human poxvirus infections (e.g., monkeypox (mpox) virus, variola virus, molluscum contagiosum virus, orf virus) has been largely deserted, especially after the eradication of smallpox by 1980. Human mpox is a self-limited disease confined to Central and West Africa for decades. However, since April 2022, mpox has quickly emerged as a multi-country outbreak, urgently calling for effective antiviral agents and vaccines to control mpox. Here, this review highlights possible therapeutic options (e.g., tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir) and other strategies (e.g., vaccines, intravenous vaccinia immune globulin) for the management of human poxvirus infections worldwide.
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Adamantane-Substituted Purine Nucleosides: Synthesis, Host-Guest Complexes with β-Cyclodextrin and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315143. [PMID: 36499470 PMCID: PMC9739181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleosides represent an interesting group of nitrogen heterocycles, showing a wide range of biological effects. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of 6,9-disubstituted and 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine ribonucleosides via consecutive nucleophilic aromatic substitution, glycosylation, and deprotection of the ribofuranose unit. We prepared eight new purine nucleosides bearing unique adamantylated aromatic amines at position 6. Additionally, the ability of the synthesized purine nucleosides to form stable host-guest complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) experiments. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of purine nucleosides and their equimolar mixtures with β-CD was tested against two types of human tumor cell line. Six adamantane-based purine nucleosides showed an antiproliferative activity in the micromolar range. Moreover, their effect was only slightly suppressed by the presence of β-CD, which was probably due to the competitive binding of the corresponding purine nucleoside inside the β-CD cavity.
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18
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The reemergence of monkeypox virus in the twenty-first century, calls for an urgency in its control and preventive measures. There is a long-standing concern that the reemergence of monkeypox across countries could lead to another epidemic like the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the disease ecology, preventing its transmission could help curbing its spread. The established treatment protocols along with development of new antiviral agents and vaccines could play a pivotal role in controlling its transmission. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the different modes of transmission of this disease, the associated symptoms, the standard protocol of treatment, the available vaccines and use of alternative treatments. We have collated recent research on novel entities that could potentially treat monkeypox infection. EXPERT OPINION The One Health approach fostered by the World Health Organization (WHO) for emergent and reemerging zoonotic diseases has to be implemented with a view to curb their transmission. The growing global population and increased inter-country travel has led to rapid spread of transmissible pathogens. Stigmatization, associated with lack of knowledge can be prevented by enhancing awareness campaigns. Vaccines need to be administered to high-risk individuals, and drug discovery efforts need to be intensified to combat such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahaya Nadar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury ON P3E 2C6, Northern Ontario, Canada
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19
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Fludarabine, a Potential DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitor, as a Prospective Drug against Monkeypox Virus: A Computational Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091129. [PMID: 36145351 PMCID: PMC9504824 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonotic contagious disease that has recently re-emerged in different countries worldwide. Due to the lack of an effective treatment that eliminates the virus, there is an urgent need to find effective drugs to stop the spread of the multi-country outbreak. The current study aimed to use computational methods to quickly identify potentially effective drugs against the Monkeypox virus (MPXV). Three MPXV proteins were targeted in this study due to their essential role in viral replication (a DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase subunit (A6R)), a protein involved in cell entry (D8L), and a protein catalyzing the envelopment of intracellular mature virus particles (F13L). We virtually screened a library of 1615 FDA-approved compounds, utilizing different in-silico approaches including computational modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, and MM-GBSA. The compound Fludarabine was found to have the best docking score (−7.53 kcal/mol) in relation to the MPXV A6R protein. Additionally, Fludarabine showed in-silico activity on the D8L and F13L proteins. During the whole period of the 100 ns MD simulation, the complex of A6R and Fludarabine exhibited the best stability. This stability was reflected in a good score of MM-GBSA, with an average value of −44.62 kcal/mole in a range between −53.26 and −35.49 and a low value of standard deviation (3.76). Furthermore, Fludarabine blocked efficiently the Asn175 residue which has an important role in the attachment of the virus to a host cell. The results of this study recommend more in vitro studies on this compound, as a starting point to develop a novel treatment against MPXV.
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Ivleva EA, Khamzina MR, Zaborskaya MS, Klimochkin YN. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 1-Nitroxy-3-(nitroxymethyl)adamantanes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022070065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Klimochkin YN, Ivleva EA. Synthesis and Chemical Transformations of N-Adamantylated Amides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Sokolova A, Kovaleva KS, Kuranov SO, Bormotov NI, Borisevich SS, Yarovaya OI, Zhukovets A, Serova OA, Nawrozkij MB, Vernigora AA, Davidenko AV, Khamitov EM, Peshkov RY, Shishkina LN, Maksuytov RA, Salakhutdinov NF. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel (+)-сamphor and (-)-fenchone based derivatives as potent orthopoxviruses inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100771. [PMID: 35388614 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a library of (+)-camphor and (-)-fenchone based N-acylhydrazones, amides, and esters, including para-substituted aromatic/hetaromatic/cyclohexane ring was synthesized, with potent orthopoxvirus inhibitors identified among them. Investigations of the structure-activity relationship revealed the significance of the substituent at the para-position of the aromatic ring. Also, the nature of the linker between a hydrophobic moiety and aromatic ring was clarified. Derivatives with p-Cl, p-Br, p-CF3, and p-NO2 substituted aromatic ring and derivatives with cyclohexane ring showed the highest antiviral activity against vaccinia virus, cowpox, and ectromelia virus. The hydrazone and the amide group were more favourable as a linker for antiviral activity than the ester group. Compounds 3b and 7e with high antiviral activity were examined using the time-of-addition assay and molecular docking study. The results revealed the tested compounds to inhibit the late processes of the orthopoxvirus replication cycle and the p37 viral protein to be a possible biological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Sokolova
- Novosibirskij institut organiceskoj himii imeni N N Vorozcova SO RAN, Medicinal Chemistry, 9, Lavrent'ev avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Kseniya S Kovaleva
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS: Novosibirskij institut organiceskoj himii imeni N N Vorozcova SO RAN, SB RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sergey O Kuranov
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS: Novosibirskij institut organiceskoj himii imeni N N Vorozcova SO RAN, SB RAS, SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
| | - Nikolay I Bormotov
- VECTOR: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Prevention and Tretment of Highly Dangerous Infection, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sophia S Borisevich
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry RAS: FGBUN Ufimskij Institut himii Rossijskoj akademii nauk, RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Olga I Yarovaya
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS: Novosibirskij institut organiceskoj himii imeni N N Vorozcova SO RAN, SB RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Anastasiya Zhukovets
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS: Novosibirskij institut organiceskoj himii imeni N N Vorozcova SO RAN, SB RAS, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Olga A Serova
- VECTOR: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Prevention and Treatment of Highly Dengerous Infection, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Maxim B Nawrozkij
- Volgograd State Technical University: Volgogradskij gosudarstvennyj tehniceskij universitet, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Andrey A Vernigora
- Volgograd State Technical University: Volgogradskij gosudarstvennyj tehniceskij universitet, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Andrey V Davidenko
- Volgograd State Technical University: Volgogradskij gosudarstvennyj tehniceskij universitet, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Eduard M Khamitov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry RAS: FGBUN Ufimskij Institut himii Rossijskoj akademii nauk, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Roman Yu Peshkov
- Novosibirsk National Research State University: Novosibirskij gosudarstvennyj universitet, Natural Science, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Larisa N Shishkina
- VECTOR: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Prevention and Tretment of Highly Dangerous Infections, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Rinat A Maksuytov
- VECTOR: State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology, Rospotrebnadzor, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS: Novosibirskij institut organiceskoj himii imeni N N Vorozcova SO RAN, Medicinal Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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