1
|
Liu J, Xu T, Ding J, Wen H, Meng J, Liu Q, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhu GY, Jiang ZH, Gao J, Bai LP. Discovery of anti-melanogenic components in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf using LC-MS/MS-MN, AlphaFold2-enabled virtual screening and biological validation. Food Chem 2024; 455:139814. [PMID: 38824735 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf is widely used as a tea substitute in East Asia, offering potential health benefits. Although studies have highlighted their effects on hyperpigmentation disorders, the active components remain unidentified. This study introduces a novel approach combining LC-MS/MS-based molecular networking with AlphaFold2-enabled virtual screening to expedite the identification of bioactive components in persimmon leaf. A total of 105 compounds were identified by MS/MS analysis. Further, virtual screening identified five flavonoids with potential anti-melanogenic properties. Bioassays confirmed myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol inhibited melanogenesis in human melanocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Biolayer interferometry assays revealed strong binding affinity between these flavonols and hsTYR, with KD values of 23.26 ± 11.77 for myricetin, 12.43 ± 0.37 for quercetin, and 14.99 ± 3.80 μM for kaempferol. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the binding interactions of these flavonols with hsTYR, particularly highlighting the essential role of the 3-OH group on the C-ring. This study elucidates the bioactive components responsible for the anti-melanogenic effects of persimmon leaf, supporting their use in product development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jieru Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Jin Gao
- Increasepharm (Hengqin) Institute Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Batool Z, Ullah S, Khan A, Siddique F, Nadeem S, Alshammari A, Albekairi NA, Talib R, Al-Harrasi A, Shafiq Z. Design, synthesis, and in vitro and in silico study of 1-benzyl-indole hybrid thiosemicarbazones as competitive tyrosinase inhibitors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28524-28542. [PMID: 39247501 PMCID: PMC11378339 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing new anti-tyrosinase drugs seems crucial for the medical and industrial fields since irregular melanin synthesis is linked to the resurgence of several skin conditions, including melanoma, and the browning of fruits and vegetables. A novel series of N-1 and C-3 substituted indole-based thiosemicarbazones 5(a-r) are synthesized and further analyzed for their inhibition potential against tyrosinase enzyme through in vitro assays. The synthesized compounds displayed very good to moderate inhibition with half maximal inhibitory concentration in the range of 12.40 ± 0.26 μM to 47.24 ± 1.27 μM. Among all the derivatives 5k displayed the highest inhibitory activity. According to SAR analysis, the derivatives with 4-substitution at the benzyl or phenyl ring of the thiosemicarbazones exhibited better inhibitory potential against tyrosinase. In silico analysis (including ADMET prediction and molecular docking) was conducted and compared with the standard drug (kojic acid). These findings may help the hunt for new melanogenesis inhibitors that the food and cosmetics industries may find valuable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Batool
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan-60800 Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ullah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan-60800 Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Nadeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan-60800 Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University Multan 60000 Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Post bezBox 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Post bezBox 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rimsha Talib
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan-60800 Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan-60800 Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Faure C, Min Ng Y, Belle C, Soler-Lopez M, Khettabi L, Saïdi M, Berthet N, Maresca M, Philouze C, Rachidi W, Réglier M, du Moulinet d'Hardemare A, Jamet H. Interactions of Phenylalanine Derivatives with Human Tyrosinase: Lessons from Experimental and Theoretical tudies. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400235. [PMID: 38642076 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The pigmentation of the skin, modulated by different actors in melanogenesis, is mainly due to the melanins (protective pigments). In humans, these pigments' precursors are synthetized by an enzyme known as tyrosinase (TyH). The regulation of the enzyme activity by specific modulators (inhibitors or activators) can offer a means to fight hypo- and hyper-pigmentations responsible for medical, psychological and societal handicaps. Herein, we report the investigation of phenylalanine derivatives as TyH modulators. Interacting with the binuclear copper active site of the enzyme, phenylalanine derivatives combine effects induced by combination with known resorcinol inhibitors and natural substrate/intermediate (amino acid part). Computational studies including docking, molecular dynamics and free energy calculations combined with biological activity assays on isolated TyH and in human melanoma MNT-1 cells, and X-ray crystallography analyses with the TyH analogue Tyrp1, provide conclusive evidence of the interactions of phenylalanine derivatives with human tyrosinase. In particular, our findings indicate that an analogue of L-DOPA, namely (S)-3-amino-tyrosine, stands out as an amino phenol derivative with inhibitory properties against TyH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Faure
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Yi Min Ng
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38053, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Belle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Montserrat Soler-Lopez
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38053, Grenoble, France
| | - Lyna Khettabi
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38053, Grenoble, France
| | - Mélissa Saïdi
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38053, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Berthet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France)
| | - Christian Philouze
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- IRIG-BGE U1038, INSERM, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Biomics, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France)
| | | | - Hélène Jamet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry (DCM, UMR 5250), 38058, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang F. Inhibition mechanism investigation of quercetagetin as a potential tyrosinase inhibitor. Front Chem 2024; 12:1411801. [PMID: 38894729 PMCID: PMC11184945 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1411801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is one important rate limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis, directly affecting the melanin synthesis. Quercetagetin is one active ingredient from marigold. Thence, the inhibition effects of quercetagetin against tyrosinase were investigated. The results showed quercetagetin could inhibit tyrosinase activity with IC50 value of 0.19 ± 0.01 mM and the inhibition type was a reversible mixed-type. Results of fluorescence quenching showed quercetagetin could quench tyrosinase fluorescence in static process. CD and 3D fluorescence results showed the interaction of quercetagetin to tyrosinase could change tyrosinase conformation to inhibit activity. Moreover, docking revealed details of quercetagetin's interactions with tyrosinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faliang Liang
- Pharmacy Department, Jiang Men Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Jiangmen, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lazinski LM, Beaumet M, Roulier B, Gay R, Royal G, Maresca M, Haudecoeur R. Design and synthesis of 4-amino-2',4'-dihydroxyindanone derivatives as potent inhibitors of tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis in human melanoma cells. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116165. [PMID: 38262119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Melanogenesis inhibition constitutes a privileged therapeutic solution to treat skin hyperpigmentation, a major dermatological concern associated with the overproduction of melanin by human tyrosinase (hsTYR). Despite the existence of many well-known TYR (tyrosinase) inhibitors commercialized in skin formulations, their hsTYR-inhibition efficacy remains poor since most of them were investigated over mushroom tyrosinase (abTYR), a model with low homology relative to hsTYR. Considering the need for new potent hsTYR inhibitors, we designed and synthesized a series of indanones starting from 4-hydroxy compound 1a, one of the two most active derivatives reported to date against the human enzyme, together with marketed thiamidol. We observed that analogues featuring 4-amino and 4-amido-2',4'-dihydroxyindanone motifs showed two-to ten-fold increase in activity over human melanoma MNT-1 cell lysates, and a ten-fold improvement in a 4-days whole-cell experiment, compared to parent analogue 1a. Molecular docking investigation was performed for the most promising 4-amido derivatives and suggested a plausible interaction pattern with the second coordination sphere of hsTYR, notably through hydrogen bonding with Glu203, confirming their impact in the binding mode with hsTYR active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M Lazinski
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Morane Beaumet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Brayan Roulier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémy Gay
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013, Marseille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Caburet J, Verdirosa F, Moretti M, Roulier B, Simoncelli G, Haudecoeur R, Ghazi S, Jamet H, Docquier JD, Boucherle B, Peuchmaur M. Aurones and derivatives as promising New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 97:117559. [PMID: 38109811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is undoubtedly one of the main public health concerns especially with the emergence of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) able to hydrolytically inactivate β-lactam antibiotics. Currently, there are no inhibitors of MBLs in clinical use to rescue antibiotic action and the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is still considered as one of the most relevant targets for inhibitor development. Following a fragment-based strategy to find new NDM-1 inhibitors, we identified aurone as a promising scaffold. A series of 60 derivatives were then evaluated and two of them were identified as promising inhibitors with Ki values as low as 1.7 and 2.5 µM. Moreover, these two most active compounds were able to potentiate meropenem in in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility assays. The molecular modelling provided insights about their likely interactions with the active site of NDM-1, thus enabling further improvement in the structure of this new inhibitor family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Verdirosa
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matis Moretti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Giorgia Simoncelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Somayeh Ghazi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Jamet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Laboratoire de Bactériologie Moléculaire, UR-InBioS, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ricci F, Schira K, Khettabi L, Lombardo L, Mirabile S, Gitto R, Soler-Lopez M, Scheuermann J, Wolber G, De Luca L. Computational methods to analyze and predict the binding mode of inhibitors targeting both human and mushroom tyrosinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115771. [PMID: 37657271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme critical in melanin biosynthesis, is a key drug target for hyperpigmentation and melanoma in humans. Testing the inhibitory effects of compounds using tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus (AbTYR) has been a common practice to identify potential therapeutics from synthetic and natural sources. However, structural diversity among human tyrosinase (hTYR) and AbTYR presents a challenge in developing drugs that are therapeutically effective. In this study, we combined retrospective and computational analyses with experimental data to provide insights into the development of new inhibitors targeting both hTYR and AbTYR. We observed contrasting effects of Thiamidol™ and our 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl-derivative (6) on both enzymes; based on this finding, we aimed to investigate their binding modes in hTYR and AbTYR to identify residues that significantly improve affinity. All the information led to the discovery of compound [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl](2-methoxyphenyl)methanone (MehT-3, 7), which showed comparable activity on AbTYR (IC50 = 3.52 μM) and hTYR (IC50 = 5.4 μM). Based on these achievements we propose the exploitation of our computational results to provide relevant structural information for the development of newer dual-targeting molecules, which could be preliminarily tested on AbTYR as a rapid and inexpensive screening procedure before being tested on hTYR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ricci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Kristina Schira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lyna Khettabi
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Lisa Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mirabile
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Montserrat Soler-Lopez
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jörg Scheuermann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Molecular Design Lab, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luisestr. 2 + 4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu L, Hu C, Min X, Liu Z, Xu X, Gan L. In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Indole-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:7470. [PMID: 38005192 PMCID: PMC10673563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is an important rate-limiting enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. To find potential tyrosinase inhibitors with anti-melanogenic activity, a series of indole-thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives 5a~5z were synthesized by incorporating indole with thiazolidine-2,4-dione into one compound and assayed for their biological activities. All compounds displayed tyrosinase inhibitory activities and 5w had the highest anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 11.2 μM. Inhibition kinetics revealed 5w as a mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitor. Fluorescence quenching results indicated that 5w quenched tyrosinase fluorescence in a static process. CD spectra and 3D fluorescence spectra results suggested that the binding of 5w with tyrosinase could change the conformation and microenvironment of tyrosinase. Molecular docking also represented the binding between 5w and tyrosinase. Moreover, 5w could inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis both in B16F10 cells and the zebrafish model. Therefore, compound 5w could serve as a tyrosinase inhibitor with anti-melanogenic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
| | - Chunmei Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaofeng Min
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
| | - Zhong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Xuetao Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
| | - Lishe Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; (L.L.); (C.H.); (X.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Beaumet M, Lazinski LM, Maresca M, Haudecoeur R. Catechol-mimicking transition-state analogues as non-oxidizable inhibitors of tyrosinases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115672. [PMID: 37487307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinases are copper-containing metalloenzymes involved in several processes in both mammals, insects, bacteria, fungi and plants. Their phenol oxidation properties are especially responsible for human melanogenesis, potentially leading to abnormal pigmentation, and for postharvest vegetable tissue browning. Thus, targeting tyrosinases attracts interest for applications both in dermocosmetic and agrofood fields. However, a large part of the literature about tyrosinase inhibitors is dedicated to the report of copper-interacting phenolic compounds, that are more likely alternative substrates leading to undesirable toxic quinones production. To circumvent this issue, the use of catechol-mimicking copper-chelating groups that are analogues of the tyrosinase oxidation transition state appears as a valuable strategy. Relying on several non-oxidizable pyridinone, pyrone or tropolone moieties, innovative inhibitors were developed, especially within the past decade, and the best reported analogues reached IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Herein, we review the design, the activity against several tyrosinases, and the proposed binding modes of reported catechol-mimicking, non-oxidizable molecules, in light of recent structural data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morane Beaumet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS 5063, DPM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13013, Marseille, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Min X, Zheng X, Wang S, Xu X, Peng J. Synthesis, Anti-Tyrosinase Activity, and Spectroscopic Inhibition Mechanism of Cinnamic Acid-Eugenol Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:5969. [PMID: 37630220 PMCID: PMC10460039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays crucial roles in mediating the production of melanin pigment; thus, its inhibitors could be useful in preventing melanin-related diseases. To find potential tyrosinase inhibitors, a series of cinnamic acid-eugenol esters (c1~c29) was synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and FT-IR, respectively. The biological evaluation results showed that all compounds c1~c29 exhibited definite tyrosinase inhibitory activity; especially, compound c27 was the strongest tyrosinase inhibitor (IC50: 3.07 ± 0.26 μM), being ~4.6-fold stronger than the positive control, kojic acid (IC50: 14.15 ± 0.46 μM). Inhibition kinetic studies validated compound c27 as a reversible mixed-type inhibitor against tyrosinase. Three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra results indicated that compound c27 could change the conformation and secondary structure of tyrosinase. Fluorescence-quenching results showed that compound c27 quenched tyrosinase fluorescence in the static manner with one binding site. Molecular docking results also revealed the binding interactions between compound c27 and tyrosinase. Therefore, cinnamic acid-eugenol esters, especially c27, could be used as lead compounds to find potential tyrosinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Min
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Shaohua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Xuetao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| | - Jinbao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (X.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Baber MA, Crist CM, Devolve NL, Patrone JD. Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Perspective. Molecules 2023; 28:5762. [PMID: 37570734 PMCID: PMC10420840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its integral role in the biosynthesis of melanin in all kingdoms of life, tyrosinase has become an extremely important target for inhibition in several sectors of research including agricultural and cosmetic research. Inhibitors of tyrosinase have made it to the market in the cosmetics industry, but their use has been limited due to conflicting efficacy and potential toxicity, which has led to several small molecules being removed from the market. Undaunted, researchers have continued to pursue tyrosinase inhibitors with varying degrees of success. These pursuits have built an impressive and rich library of research. This review is intended to provide a perspective of the past twenty years (2003-2023) of research on tyrosinase inhibitors by highlighting exemplar molecules and developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mason A. Baber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48209, USA;
| | - Cole M. Crist
- Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
| | - Noah L. Devolve
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
| | - James D. Patrone
- Program in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Caleffi GS, Rosa AS, de Souza LG, Avelar JLS, Nascimento SMR, de Almeida VM, Tucci AR, Ferreira VN, da Silva AJM, Santos-Filho OA, Miranda MD, Costa PRR. Aurones: A Promising Scaffold to Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1536-1549. [PMID: 37257024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aurones are a small subgroup of flavonoids in which the basic C6-C3-C6 skeleton is arranged as (Z)-2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-one. These compounds are structural isomers of flavones and flavonols, natural products reported as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of a series of 25 aurones bearing different oxygenated groups (OH, OCH3, OCH2OCH3, OCH2O, OCF2H, and OCH2C6H4R) at the A- and/or B-rings using cell-based screening assays. We observed that 12 of the 25 compounds exhibit EC50 < 3 μM (8e, 8h, 8j, 8k, 8l, 8m, 8p, 8q, 8r, 8w, 8x, and 8y), of which five presented EC50 < 1 μM (8h, 8m, 8p, 8q, and 8w) without evident cytotoxic effect in Calu-3 cells. The substitution of the A- and/or B-ring with OCH3, OCH2OCH3, and OCF2H groups seems beneficial for the antiviral activity, while the corresponding phenolic derivatives showed a significant decrease in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. The most potent compound of the series, aurone 8q (EC50 = 0.4 μM, SI = 2441.3), is 2 to 3 times more effective than the polyphenolic flavonoids myricetin (2) and baicalein (1), respectively. Investigation of the five more active compounds as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro based on molecular dynamic calculations suggested that these aurones should detach from the active site of 3CLpro, and, probably, they could bind to another SARS-CoV-2 protein target (either receptor or enzyme).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice S Rosa
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Amanda R Tucci
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vivian N Ferreira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milene D Miranda
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vittorio S, Dank C, Ielo L. Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109097. [PMID: 37240442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme which is widely distributed in nature (e.g., bacteria, mammals, fungi) and involved in two consecutive steps of melanin biosynthesis. In humans, an excessive production of melanin can determine hyperpigmentation disorders as well as neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson's disease. The development of molecules able to inhibit the high activity of the enzyme remain a current topic in medicinal chemistry, because the inhibitors reported so far present several side effects. Heterocycle-bearing molecules are largely diffuse in this sense. Due to their importance as biologically active compounds, we decided to report a comprehensive review of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors possessing heterocyclic moieties reported within the last five years. For the reader's convenience, we classified them as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase (Agaricus bisporus) and human tyrosinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vittorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Dank
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 3-Substituted-Indolin-2-One Derivatives as Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032066. [PMID: 36768389 PMCID: PMC9916847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivatives. Cell viability of 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivatives was measured with the EZ-Cytox reagent; interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible NOS mRNA levels were measured using Taqman qRT-PCR; pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and TNF-α levels were determined using ELISA kits; the phosphorylation of Akt, JNK, ERK, p38, p65, and IκB protein levels were measured by immunoblotting. Among the nineteen 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivatives synthesized, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-indolin-2-one showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting the nitric oxide production related to inflammation, suppressing the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner and mRNA expression. Moreover, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-indolin-2-one significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced signal pathways such as the Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our findings revealed that a 3-substituted-indolin-2-one derivative, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-indolin-2-one, possesses excellent anti-inflammatory activity and can be considered for future research.
Collapse
|