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Premchandar A, Ming R, Baiad A, Da Fonte DF, Xu H, Faubert D, Veit G, Lukacs GL. Readthrough-induced misincorporated amino acid ratios guide mutant-specific therapeutic approaches for two CFTR nonsense mutations. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1389586. [PMID: 38725656 PMCID: PMC11079177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1389586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Premature termination codons (PTCs) represent ∼9% of CF mutations that typically cause severe expression defects of the CFTR anion channel. Despite the prevalence of PTCs as the underlying cause of genetic diseases, understanding the therapeutic susceptibilities of their molecular defects, both at the transcript and protein levels remains partially elucidated. Given that the molecular pathologies depend on the PTC positions in CF, multiple pharmacological interventions are required to suppress the accelerated nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), to correct the CFTR conformational defect caused by misincorporated amino acids, and to enhance the inefficient stop codon readthrough. The G418-induced readthrough outcome was previously investigated only in reporter models that mimic the impact of the local sequence context on PTC mutations in CFTR. To identify the misincorporated amino acids and their ratios for PTCs in the context of full-length CFTR readthrough, we developed an affinity purification (AP)-tandem mass spectrometry (AP-MS/MS) pipeline. We confirmed the incorporation of Cys, Arg, and Trp residues at the UGA stop codons of G542X, R1162X, and S1196X in CFTR. Notably, we observed that the Cys and Arg incorporation was favored over that of Trp into these CFTR PTCs, suggesting that the transcript sequence beyond the proximity of PTCs and/or other factors can impact the amino acid incorporation and full-length CFTR functional expression. Additionally, establishing the misincorporated amino acid ratios in the readthrough CFTR PTCs aided in maximizing the functional rescue efficiency of PTCs by optimizing CFTR modulator combinations. Collectively, our findings contribute to the understanding of molecular defects underlying various CFTR nonsense mutations and provide a foundation to refine mutation-dependent therapeutic strategies for various CF-causing nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruiji Ming
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Abed Baiad
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Haijin Xu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Faubert
- IRCM Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Platform, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guido Veit
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gergely L. Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Guchhait S, Khononov A, Pieńko T, Belakhov V, Baasov T. Balancing Nonsense Mutation Readthrough and Toxicity of Designer Aminoglycosides for Treatment of Genetic Diseases. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:794-801. [PMID: 37312846 PMCID: PMC10258827 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New derivatives of aminoglycosides with a side chain 1,2-aminoalcohol at the 5" position of ring III were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. The novel lead structure (compound 6), exhibiting substantially enhanced selectivity toward eukaryotic versus prokaryotic ribosome, high readthrough activity, and considerably lower toxicity than the previous lead compounds, was discovered. Balanced readthrough activity and toxicity of 6 were demonstrated in three different nonsense DNA-constructs underlying the genetic diseases, cystic fibrosis and Usher syndrome, and in two different cell lines, baby hamster kidney and human embryonic kidney cells. Molecular dynamics simulations within the A site of the 80S yeast ribosome demonstrated a remarkable kinetic stability of 6, which potentially determines its high readthrough activity.
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Kawai S, Takashima S, Ando M, Shintaku S, Takeda S, Otake K, Ito Y, Fukui M, Yamamoto M, Shoji Y, Shirahase H, Kitao T. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Triaryl Derivatives with Readthrough-Inducing Activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:701-716. [PMID: 37661376 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The readthrough mechanism, which skips the premature termination codon and restores the biosynthesis of the defective enzyme, is an emerging therapeutic tactic for nonsense mutation-related diseases, such as Hurler syndrome, a type of mucopolysaccharidosis. In the present study, novel triaryl derivatives were synthesized and their readthrough-inducing activities were evaluated by a luciferase reporter assay with a partial α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) DNA sequence containing the Q70X nonsense mutation found in Hurler syndrome and by measuring the enzyme activity of IDUA knockout cells transfected with the mutant IDUA gene. KY-516, a representative compound in which the meta position carboxyl group of the left ring of the clinically used ataluren was converted to the para position sulfamoylamino group, the central ring to triazole, and the right ring to cyanobenzene, exhibited the most potent readthrough-inducing activity in the Q70X/luciferase reporter assay. In Q70X mutant IDUA transgenic cells, KY-516 significantly increased enzyme activity at 0.1 µM. After the oral administration of KY-516 (10 mg/kg), the highest plasma concentration of KY-516 was above 5 µM in rats. These results indicate that KY-516, a novel triaryl derivative, exhibits potent readthrough-inducing activity and has potential as a therapeutic agent for Hurler syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kawai
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Shunsuke Takashima
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Masafumi Ando
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Sayaka Shintaku
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Shigemitsu Takeda
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Kazuya Otake
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yuma Ito
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Masaki Fukui
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Yoshimichi Shoji
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Hiroaki Shirahase
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
| | - Tatsuya Kitao
- Drug Discovery Research Department, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd
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Narayanaswami P, Živković S. Molecular and Genetic Therapies. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-71317-7.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ataluren-Promising Therapeutic Premature Termination Codon Readthrough Frontrunner. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080785. [PMID: 34451881 PMCID: PMC8398184 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 12% of hereditary disease-causing mutations are in-frame nonsense mutations. The expression of genes containing nonsense mutations potentially leads to the production of truncated proteins with residual or virtually no function. However, the translation of transcripts containing premature stop codons resulting in full-length protein expression can be achieved using readthrough agents. Among them, only ataluren was approved in several countries to treat nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. This review summarizes ataluren’s journey from its identification, via first in vitro activity experiments, to clinical trials in DMD, cystic fibrosis, and aniridia. Additionally, data on its pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action are presented. The range of diseases with underlying nonsense mutations is described for which ataluren therapy seems to be promising. What is more, experiments in which ataluren did not show its readthrough activity are also included, and reasons for their failures are discussed.
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From Antisense RNA to RNA Modification: Therapeutic Potential of RNA-Based Technologies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050550. [PMID: 34068948 PMCID: PMC8156014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic oligonucleotides interact with a target RNA via Watson-Crick complementarity, affecting RNA-processing reactions such as mRNA degradation, pre-mRNA splicing, or mRNA translation. Since they were proposed decades ago, several have been approved for clinical use to correct genetic mutations. Three types of mechanisms of action (MoA) have emerged: RNase H-dependent degradation of mRNA directed by short chimeric antisense oligonucleotides (gapmers), correction of splicing defects via splice-modulation oligonucleotides, and interference of gene expression via short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These antisense-based mechanisms can tackle several genetic disorders in a gene-specific manner, primarily by gene downregulation (gapmers and siRNAs) or splicing defects correction (exon-skipping oligos). Still, the challenge remains for the repair at the single-nucleotide level. The emerging field of epitranscriptomics and RNA modifications shows the enormous possibilities for recoding the transcriptome and repairing genetic mutations with high specificity while harnessing endogenously expressed RNA processing machinery. Some of these techniques have been proposed as alternatives to CRISPR-based technologies, where the exogenous gene-editing machinery needs to be delivered and expressed in the human cells to generate permanent (DNA) changes with unknown consequences. Here, we review the current FDA-approved antisense MoA (emphasizing some enabling technologies that contributed to their success) and three novel modalities based on post-transcriptional RNA modifications with therapeutic potential, including ADAR (Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA)-mediated RNA editing, targeted pseudouridylation, and 2′-O-methylation.
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Pibiri I, Melfi R, Tutone M, Di Leonardo A, Pace A, Lentini L. Targeting Nonsense: Optimization of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole TRIDs to Rescue CFTR Expression and Functionality in Cystic Fibrosis Cell Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176420. [PMID: 32899265 PMCID: PMC7504161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients develop a severe form of the disease when the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is affected by nonsense mutations. Nonsense mutations are responsible for the presence of a premature termination codon (PTC) in the mRNA, creating a lack of functional protein. In this context, translational readthrough-inducing drugs (TRIDs) represent a promising approach to correct the basic defect caused by PTCs. By using computational optimization and biological screening, we identified three new small molecules showing high readthrough activity. The activity of these compounds has been verified by evaluating CFTR expression and functionality after treatment with the selected molecules in cells expressing nonsense–CFTR–mRNA. Additionally, the channel functionality was measured by the halide sensitive yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) quenching assay. All three of the new TRIDs displayed high readthrough activity and low toxicity and can be considered for further evaluation as a therapeutic approach toward the second major cause of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Pibiri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (L.L.); Tel.: +39-091-238-97545 (I.P.); +39-091-238-97341 (L.L.)
| | - Raffaella Melfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Aldo Di Leonardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
- Centro di OncoBiologia Sperimentale (COBS), via San Lorenzo Colli, 90145 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Lentini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16-17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.); (M.T.); (A.D.L.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (L.L.); Tel.: +39-091-238-97545 (I.P.); +39-091-238-97341 (L.L.)
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Gianesello L, Ceol M, Bertoldi L, Terrin L, Priante G, Murer L, Peruzzi L, Giordano M, Paglialonga F, Cantaluppi V, Musetti C, Valle G, Del Prete D, Anglani F. Genetic Analyses in Dent Disease and Characterization of CLCN5 Mutations in Kidney Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020516. [PMID: 31947599 PMCID: PMC7014080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dent disease (DD), an X-linked renal tubulopathy, is mainly caused by loss-of-function mutations in CLCN5 (DD1) and OCRL genes. CLCN5 encodes the ClC-5 antiporter that in proximal tubules (PT) participates in the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low molecular weight proteins. Few studies have analyzed the PT expression of ClC-5 and of megalin and cubilin receptors in DD1 kidney biopsies. About 25% of DD cases lack mutations in either CLCN5 or OCRL genes (DD3), and no other disease genes have been discovered so far. Sanger sequencing was used for CLCN5 gene analysis in 158 unrelated males clinically suspected of having DD. The tubular expression of ClC-5, megalin, and cubilin was assessed by immunolabeling in 10 DD1 kidney biopsies. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in eight DD3 patients. Twenty-three novel CLCN5 mutations were identified. ClC-5, megalin, and cubilin were significantly lower in DD1 than in control biopsies. The tubular expression of ClC-5 when detected was irrespective of the type of mutation. In four DD3 patients, WES revealed 12 potentially pathogenic variants in three novel genes (SLC17A1, SLC9A3, and PDZK1), and in three genes known to be associated with monogenic forms of renal proximal tubulopathies (SLC3A, LRP2, and CUBN). The supposed third Dent disease-causing gene was not discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gianesello
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Monica Ceol
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Loris Bertoldi
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Liliana Terrin
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Giovanna Priante
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Luisa Murer
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Licia Peruzzi
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 CDSS Turin, Italy;
| | - Mario Giordano
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, University Hospital, P.O. Giovanni XXIII, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Fabio Paglialonga
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Cantaluppi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Musetti
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy; (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Giorgio Valle
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Dorella Del Prete
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
| | - Franca Anglani
- Laboratory of Histomorphology and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Clinical Nephrology, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (L.T.); (G.P.); (D.D.P.)
- CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.B.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212-155
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Martínez-Hernández A, Larrosa J, Barajas-Olmos F, García-Ortíz H, Mendoza-Caamal EC, Contreras-Cubas C, Mirzaeicheshmeh E, Lezana JL, Orozco L. Next-generation sequencing for identifying a novel/de novo pathogenic variant in a Mexican patient with cystic fibrosis: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:68. [PMID: 31118044 PMCID: PMC6532186 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mexico is among the countries showing the highest heterogeneity of CFTR variants. However, no de novo variants have previously been reported in Mexican patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Case presentation Here, we report the first case of a novel/de novo variant in a Mexican patient with CF. Our patient was an 8-year-old male who had exhibited the clinical onset of CF at one month of age, with steatorrhea, malabsorption, poor weight gain, anemia, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. Complete sequencing of the CFTR gene by next generation sequencing (NGS) revealed two different variants in trans, including the previously reported CF-causing variant c.3266G > A (p.Trp1089*, W1089*), that was inherited from the mother, and the novel/de novo CFTR variant c.1762G > T (p.Glu588*). Conclusion Our results demonstrate the efficiency of targeted NGS for making a rapid and precise diagnosis in patients with clinically suspected CF. This method can enable the provision of accurate genetic counselling, and improve our understanding of the molecular basis of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y enfermedades metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica,SS, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Arenal Tepepan,Tlalpan, 14610. CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julieta Larrosa
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y enfermedades metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, SS, CDMX, Mexico y Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Barajas-Olmos
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y enfermedades metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica,SS, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Arenal Tepepan,Tlalpan, 14610. CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto García-Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y enfermedades metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica,SS, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Arenal Tepepan,Tlalpan, 14610. CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Cecilia Contreras-Cubas
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y enfermedades metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica,SS, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Arenal Tepepan,Tlalpan, 14610. CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elaheh Mirzaeicheshmeh
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y enfermedades metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica,SS, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Arenal Tepepan,Tlalpan, 14610. CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Lezana
- Clinica de Fibrosis Quística y Laboratorio de Fisiologia Pulmonar Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Asociación Mexicana de Fibrosis Quística, A. C, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y enfermedades metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica,SS, Periférico Sur No. 4809, Arenal Tepepan,Tlalpan, 14610. CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Pranke I, Bidou L, Martin N, Blanchet S, Hatton A, Karri S, Cornu D, Costes B, Chevalier B, Tondelier D, Girodon E, Coupet M, Edelman A, Fanen P, Namy O, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Hinzpeter A. Factors influencing readthrough therapy for frequent cystic fibrosis premature termination codons. ERJ Open Res 2018; 4:00080-2017. [PMID: 29497617 PMCID: PMC5827411 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00080-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature termination codons (PTCs) are generally associated with severe forms of genetic diseases. Readthrough of in-frame PTCs using small molecules is a promising therapeutic approach. Nonetheless, the outcome of preclinical studies has been low and variable. Treatment efficacy depends on: 1) the level of drug-induced readthrough, 2) the amount of target transcripts, and 3) the activity of the recoded protein. The aim of the present study was to identify, in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) model, recoded channels from readthrough therapy that may be enhanced using CFTR modulators. First, drug-induced readthrough of 15 PTCs was measured using a dual reporter system under basal conditions and in response to gentamicin and negamycin. Secondly, exon skipping associated with these PTCs was evaluated with a minigene system. Finally, incorporated amino acids were identified by mass spectrometry and the function of the predicted recoded CFTR channels corresponding to these 15 PTCs was measured. Nonfunctional channels were subjected to CFTR-directed ivacaftor-lumacaftor treatments. The results demonstrated that CFTR modulators increased activity of recoded channels, which could also be confirmed in cells derived from a patient. In conclusion, this work will provide a framework to adapt treatments to the patient's genotype by identifying the most efficient molecule for each PTC and the recoded channels needing co-therapies to rescue channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Pranke
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INEM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Laure Bidou
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC, Paris, France
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, I2BC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Both authors contributed equally
| | - Natacha Martin
- INSERM, U955, Institut de Recherche Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Sandra Blanchet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, I2BC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie Hatton
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INEM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Karri
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, I2BC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Cornu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, I2BC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bruno Costes
- INSERM, U955, Institut de Recherche Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Benoit Chevalier
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INEM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Tondelier
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INEM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Girodon
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INEM, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, HUPC Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Coupet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, I2BC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aleksander Edelman
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INEM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Fanen
- INSERM, U955, Institut de Recherche Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
- Dept of Genetics, GH Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Namy
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, I2BC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INEM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Hinzpeter
- INSERM, U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INEM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Oren YS, Pranke IM, Kerem B, Sermet-Gaudelus I. The suppression of premature termination codons and the repair of splicing mutations in CFTR. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 34:125-131. [PMID: 29128743 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Premature termination codons (PTC) originate from nucleotide substitution introducing an in-frame PTC. They induce truncated, usually non-functional, proteins, degradation of the PTC containing transcripts by the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway and abnormal exon skipping. Readthrough compounds facilitate near cognate amino-acyl-tRNA incorporation, leading potentially to restoration of a functional full-length protein. Splicing mutations can lead to aberrantly spliced transcripts by creating a cryptic splice site or destroying a normal site. Most mutations result in disruption of the open reading frame and activation of NMD. Antisense oligonucleotides are single stranded short synthetic RNA-like molecules chemically modified to improve their stability and ability to recognize their target RNAs and modify the splice site. This review focuses on recent developments in therapies aiming to improve the health of CF patients carrying nonsense or splicing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat S Oren
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; SpliSense Therapeutics, Givat Ram Campus, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iwona M Pranke
- INSERM U 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Sorbonne, France
| | - Batsheva Kerem
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- INSERM U 1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Unité de Pneumo-Allergologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Ressources et de Compétence de la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Sorbonne, France.
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BMP type II receptor as a therapeutic target in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2979-2995. [PMID: 28447104 PMCID: PMC5501910 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2510-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disease characterized by a progressive elevation in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. This occurs due to abnormal remodeling of small peripheral lung vasculature resulting in progressive occlusion of the artery lumen that eventually causes right heart failure and death. The most common cause of PAH is inactivating mutations in the gene encoding a bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPRII). Current therapeutic options for PAH are limited and focused mainly on reversal of pulmonary vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular cells. Although these treatments can relieve disease symptoms, PAH remains a progressive lethal disease. Emerging data suggest that restoration of BMPRII signaling in PAH is a promising alternative that could prevent and reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. Here we will focus on recent advances in rescuing BMPRII expression, function or signaling to prevent and reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH and its feasibility for clinical translation. Furthermore, we summarize the role of described miRNAs that directly target the BMPR2 gene in blood vessels. We discuss the therapeutic potential and the limitations of promising new approaches to restore BMPRII signaling in PAH patients. Different mutations in BMPR2 and environmental/genetic factors make PAH a heterogeneous disease and it is thus likely that the best approach will be patient-tailored therapies.
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Ouyang P, Zhang H, Fan Z, Wei P, Huang Z, Wang S, Li T. A R/K-rich motif in the C-terminal of the homeodomain is required for complete translocating of NKX2.5 protein into nucleus. Gene 2016; 592:276-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bukowy-Bieryllo Z, Dabrowski M, Witt M, Zietkiewicz E. Aminoglycoside-stimulated readthrough of premature termination codons in selected genes involved in primary ciliary dyskinesia. RNA Biol 2016; 13:1041-1050. [PMID: 27618201 PMCID: PMC5056772 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1219832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational readthrough of premature termination codons (PTCs) induced by pharmacological compounds has proven to be an effective way of restoring functional protein expression and reducing symptoms in several genetic disorders. We tested the potential of different concentrations of several aminoglycosides (AAGs) for promoting PTC-readthrough in 5 genes involved in the pathogenesis of primary ciliary dyskinesia, an inherited disorder caused by the dysfunction of motile cilia and flagella. The efficiency of readthrough stimulation of PTCs cloned in dual reporter vectors was examined in 2 experimental settings: in vitro (transcription/translation system) and ex vivo (transiently transfected epithelial cell line). PTC-readthrough was observed in 5 of the 16 mutations analyzed. UGA codons were more susceptible to AAG-stimulated readthrough than UAG; no suppression of UAA was observed. The efficiency of PTC-readthrough in vitro (from less than 1% to ∼28% of the translation from the corresponding wild-type constructs) differed with the AAG type and concentration, and depended on the combination of AAG and PTC, indicating that each PTC has to be individually tested with a range of stimulating compounds. The maximal values of PTC suppression observed in the ex vivo experiments were, depending on AAG used, 3–5 times lower than the corresponding values in vitro, despite using AAG concentrations that were 2 orders of magnitude higher. This indicates that, while the in vitro system is sufficient to examine the readthrough-susceptibility of PTCs, it is not sufficient to test the compounds potential to stimulate PTC-readthrough in the living cells. Most of the tested compounds (except for G418) at their highest concentrations did not disturb ciliogenesis in the cultures of primary respiratory epithelial cells from healthy donors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Dabrowski
- a Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Michał Witt
- a Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Ewa Zietkiewicz
- a Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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Chandrika NT, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A review of patents (2011-2015) towards combating resistance to and toxicity of aminoglycosides. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015; 7:50-68. [PMID: 27019689 PMCID: PMC4806794 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first aminoglycoside (AG), streptomycin, in 1943, these broad-spectrum antibiotics have been extensively used for the treatment of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. The inherent toxicity (ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity) associated with their long-term use as well as the emergence of resistant bacterial strains have limited their usage. Structural modifications of AGs by AG-modifying enzymes, reduced target affinity caused by ribosomal modification, and decrease in their cellular concentration by efflux pumps have resulted in resistance towards AGs. However, the last decade has seen a renewed interest among the scientific community for AGs as exemplified by the recent influx of scientific articles and patents on their therapeutic use. In this review, we use a non-conventional approach to put forth this renaissance on AG development/application by summarizing all patents filed on AGs from 2011-2015 and highlighting some related publications on the most recent work done on AGs to overcome resistance and improving their therapeutic use while reducing ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. We also present work towards developing amphiphilic AGs for use as fungicides as well as that towards repurposing existing AGs for potential newer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, USA. Fax: 859-257-7585; Tel: 859-218-1686
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Qiao M, Li C, Shi Y, Liu S, Liu Z, Hu X. Study on interactions of aminoglycoside antibiotics with calf thymus DNA and determination of calf thymus DNA via the resonance Rayleigh scattering technique. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:1159-66. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Shaopu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Zhongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
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Mathur P, Yang J. Usher syndrome: Hearing loss, retinal degeneration and associated abnormalities. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:406-20. [PMID: 25481835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH), clinically and genetically heterogeneous, is the leading genetic cause of combined hearing and vision loss. USH is classified into three types, based on the hearing and vestibular symptoms observed in patients. Sixteen loci have been reported to be involved in the occurrence of USH and atypical USH. Among them, twelve have been identified as causative genes and one as a modifier gene. Studies on the proteins encoded by these USH genes suggest that USH proteins interact among one another and function in multiprotein complexes in vivo. Although their exact functions remain enigmatic in the retina, USH proteins are required for the development, maintenance and function of hair bundles, which are the primary mechanosensitive structure of inner ear hair cells. Despite the unavailability of a cure, progress has been made to develop effective treatments for this disease. In this review, we focus on the most recent discoveries in the field with an emphasis on USH genes, protein complexes and functions in various tissues as well as progress toward therapeutic development for USH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Mathur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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21
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Genetics of cystic fibrosis: CFTR mutation classifications toward genotype-based CF therapies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 52:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bordeira-Carriço R, Ferreira D, Mateus DD, Pinheiro H, Pêgo AP, Santos MAS, Oliveira C. Rescue of wild-type E-cadherin expression from nonsense-mutated cancer cells by a suppressor-tRNA. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1085-92. [PMID: 24424122 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome, although rare, is highly penetrant at an early age, and is severe and incurable because of ineffective screening tools and therapy. Approximately 45% of HDGC families carry germline CDH1/E-cadherin alterations, 20% of which are nonsense leading to premature protein truncation. Prophylactic gastrectomy is the only recommended approach for all asymptomatic CDH1 mutation carriers. Suppressor-tRNAs can replace premature stop codons (PTCs) with a cognate amino acid, inducing readthrough and generating full-length proteins. The use of suppressor-tRNAs in HDGC patients could therefore constitute a less invasive therapeutic option for nonsense mutation carriers, delaying the development of gastric cancer. Our analysis revealed that 23/108 (21.3%) of E-cadherin-mutant families carried nonsense mutations that could be potentially corrected by eight suppressor-tRNAs, and arginine was the most frequently affected amino acid. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we developed an arginine suppressor-tRNA vector to correct one HDGC nonsense mutation. E-cadherin- deficient cell lines were transfected with plasmids carrying simultaneously the suppressor-tRNA and wild-type or mutant CDH1 mini-genes. RT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and proximity ligation assay (PLA) were used to establish the model, and monitor mRNA and protein expression and function recovery from CDH1 vectors. Cells expressing a CDH1 mini-gene, carrying a nonsense mutation and the suppressor-tRNA, recovered full-length E-cadherin expression and its correct localization and incorporation into the adhesion complex. This is the first demonstration of functional recovery of a mutated causative gene in hereditary cancer by cognate amino acid replacement with suppressor-tRNAs. Of the HDGC families, 21.3% are candidates for correction with suppressor-tRNAs to potentially delay cancer onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bordeira-Carriço
- Expression Regulation in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Expression Regulation in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Denisa D Mateus
- Expression Regulation in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pinheiro
- Expression Regulation in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Pêgo
- 1] INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] Universidade do Porto-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal [3] Universidade do Porto-Faculdade de Engenharia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A S Santos
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- 1] Expression Regulation in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal [2] Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Shalev M, Baasov T. When Proteins Start to Make Sense: Fine-tuning Aminoglycosides for PTC Suppression Therapy. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:1092-1105. [PMID: 25147726 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AGs) are highly potent antibacterial agents, which are known to exert their deleterious effects on bacterial cells by interfering with the translation process, leading to aberrant protein synthesis that usually results in cell death. Nearly 45 years ago, AGs were shown to induce read-through activity in prokaryotic systems by selectively encoding tRNA molecules at premature termination codon (PTC) positions; resulting in the generation of full length functional proteins. However, only in the last 20 years this ability has been demonstrated in eukaryotic systems, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents to treat PTC induced genetic disorders. Despite the great potential, AGs use in these manners is quite restricted due to relatively high toxicity values observed upon their administration. Over the last few years several synthetic derivatives were developed to overcome some of the enhanced toxicity issues, while in parallel showed significantly improved PTC suppression activity in various in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo models of a variety of different diseases models underling by PTC mutations. Although these derivatives hold great promise to serve as therapeutic candidates they also demonstrate the necessity to further understand the molecular mechanisms of which AGs confer their biological activity in eukaryotic cells for further rational drug design. Recent achievements in structural research shed light on AGs mechanism of action and opened a new avenue in the development of new and improved therapeutic derivatives. The following manuscript highlights these accomplishments and summarizes their contributions to the state of art rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Shalev
- The Edith and Joseph Fischer Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Timor Baasov
- The Edith and Joseph Fischer Enzyme Inhibitors Laboratory, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Carneiro P, Figueiredo J, Bordeira-Carriço R, Fernandes MS, Carvalho J, Oliveira C, Seruca R. Therapeutic targets associated to E-cadherin dysfunction in gastric cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1187-201. [PMID: 23957294 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.827174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) plays a key role in epithelial cell-cell adhesion, contributing to tissue differentiation and homeostasis. Throughout the past decades, research has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying E-cadherin's role in tumor progression, namely in invasion and metastization. Emerging evidence established E-cadherin as a tumor suppressor and suggests that targeting E-cadherin or downstream signaling molecules may constitute effective cancer therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review aims to cover E-cadherin-mediated signaling during cancer development and progression and highlight putative therapeutic targets. EXPERT OPINION Reconstitution of E-cadherin expression or targeting of E-cadherin downstream molecules holds promise in cancer therapies. Considering the high frequency of CDH1 promoter hypermethylation as a second hit in malignant lesions from hereditary diffuse gastric cancer patients, histone deacetylase inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents in combination with conventional chemotherapy, specifically in initial tumor stages. Concerning E-cadherin-mediated signaling, we propose that HER receptors (as epidermal growth factor receptor) and Notch downstream targets are clinically relevant and should be considered in gastric cancer therapeutics and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Carneiro
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto , Portugal +00351 225570700 ; +00351 225570799 ;
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A lack of premature termination codon read-through efficacy of PTC124 (Ataluren) in a diverse array of reporter assays. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001593. [PMID: 23824517 PMCID: PMC3692445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous nonsense mutation reporter assays fail to reveal read-through activity for the drug PTC124. The drug molecule PTC124 (Ataluren) has been described as a read-through agent, capable of suppressing premature termination codons (PTCs) and restoring functional protein production from genes disrupted by nonsense mutations. Following the discovery of PTC124 there was some controversy regarding its mechanism of action with two reports attributing its activity to an off-target effect on the Firefly luciferase (FLuc) reporter used in the development of the molecule. Despite questions remaining as to its mechanism of action, development of PTC124 continued into the clinic and it is being actively pursued as a potential nonsense mutation therapy. To thoroughly test the ability of PTC124 to read through nonsense mutations, we conducted a detailed assessment comparing the efficacy of PTC124 with the classical aminoglycoside antibiotic read-through agent geneticin (G418) across a diverse range of in vitro reporter assays. We can confirm the off-target FLuc activity of PTC124 but found that, while G418 exhibits varying activity in every read-through assay, there is no evidence of activity for PTC124. Ten percent of all single-gene hereditary diseases are caused by nonsense mutations. These are alterations in the DNA sequence of a protein-coding gene that cause the ribosome to prematurely finish translating the gene transcript before a full-length, active protein can be produced. In 2007 a drug was developed called PTC124 (latterly known as Ataluren), which was reported to help the ribosome skip over the premature stop, restore production of functional protein, and thereby potentially treat these genetic diseases. In 2009, however, questions were raised about the initial discovery of this drug; PTC124 was shown to interfere with the assay used in its discovery in a way that might be mistaken for genuine activity. As doubts regarding PTC124's efficacy remain unresolved, here we conducted a thorough and systematic investigation of the proposed mechanism of action of PTC124 in a wide array of cell-based assays. We found no evidence of such translational read-through activity for PTC124, suggesting that its development may indeed have been a consequence of the choice of assay used in the drug discovery process.
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Cho HY, Lee BH, Cheong HI. Translational read-through of a nonsense mutation causing Bartter syndrome. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:821-6. [PMID: 23772144 PMCID: PMC3677996 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.6.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartter syndrome (BS) is classified into 5 genotypes according to underlying mutant genes and BS III is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CLCNKB gene encoding for basolateral ClC-Kb. BS III is the most common genotype in Korean patients with BS and W610X is the most common CLCNKB mutation in Korean BS III. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the CLCNKB W610X mutation can be rescued in vitro using aminoglycoside antibiotics, which are known to induce translational read-through of a nonsense mutation. The CLCNKB cDNA was cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector and the W610X nonsense mutation was generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Cultured polarized MDCK cells were transfected with the vectors, and the read-through was induced using an aminoglycoside derivative, G418. Cellular expression of the target protein was monitored via immunohistochemistry. While cells transfected with the mutant CLCNKB failed to express ClC-Kb, G418 treatment of the cells induced the full-length protein expression, which was localized to the basolateral plasma membranes. It is demonstrated that the W610X mutation in CLCNKB can be a good candidate for trial of translational read-through induction as a therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Research Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ramirez MS, Nikolaidis N, Tolmasky ME. Rise and dissemination of aminoglycoside resistance: the aac(6')-Ib paradigm. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:121. [PMID: 23730301 PMCID: PMC3656343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic modification is a prevalent mechanism by which bacteria defeat the action of antibiotics. Aminoglycosides are often inactivated by aminoglycoside modifying enzymes encoded by genes present in the chromosome, plasmids, and other genetic elements. The AAC(6′)-Ib (aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyltransferase type Ib) is an enzyme of clinical importance found in a wide variety of gram-negative pathogens. The AAC(6′)-Ib enzyme is of interest not only because of his ubiquity but also because of other characteristics, it presents significant microheterogeneity at the N-termini and the aac(6′)-Ib gene is often present in integrons, transposons, plasmids, genomic islands, and other genetic structures. Excluding the highly heterogeneous N-termini, there are 45 non-identical AAC(6′)-Ib related entries in the NCBI database, 32 of which have identical name in spite of not having identical amino acid sequence. While some variants conserved similar properties, others show dramatic differences in specificity, including the case of AAC(6′)-Ib-cr that mediates acetylation of ciprofloxacin representing a rare case where a resistance enzyme acquires the ability to utilize an antibiotic of a different class as substrate. Efforts to utilize antisense technologies to turn off expression of the gene or to identify enzymatic inhibitors to induce phenotypic conversion to susceptibility are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Ramirez
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton Fullerton, CA, USA
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Bordeira-Carriço R, Pêgo AP, Santos M, Oliveira C. Cancer syndromes and therapy by stop-codon readthrough. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:667-78. [PMID: 23044248 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several hereditary cancer syndromes are associated with nonsense mutations that create premature termination codons (PTC). Therapeutic strategies involving readthrough induction partially restore expression of proteins with normal function from nonsense-mutated genes, and small molecules such as aminoglycosides and PTC124 have exhibited promising results for treating patients with cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Transgenic expression of suppressor-tRNAs and depleting translation termination factors are, among others, potential strategies for treating PTC-associated diseases. In this review, the potential of using readthrough strategies as a therapy for cancer syndromes is discussed, and we consider the effect of nonsense-mediated decay and other factors on readthrough efficiency.
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Goldmann T, Overlack N, Möller F, Belakhov V, van Wyk M, Baasov T, Wolfrum U, Nagel-Wolfrum K. A comparative evaluation of NB30, NB54 and PTC124 in translational read-through efficacy for treatment of an USH1C nonsense mutation. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:1186-99. [PMID: 23027640 PMCID: PMC3494875 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational read-through-inducing drugs (TRIDs) promote read-through of nonsense mutations, placing them in the spotlight of current gene-based therapeutic research. Here, we compare for the first time the relative efficacies of new-generation aminoglycosides NB30, NB54 and the chemical compound PTC124 on retinal toxicity and read-through efficacy of a nonsense mutation in the USH1C gene, which encodes the scaffold protein harmonin. This mutation causes the human Usher syndrome, the most common form of inherited deaf-blindness. We quantify read-through efficacy of the TRIDs in cell culture and show the restoration of harmonin function. We do not observe significant differences in the read-through efficacy of the TRIDs in retinal cultures; however, we show an excellent biocompatibility in retinal cultures with read-through versus toxicity evidently superior for NB54 and PTC124. In addition, in vivo administration of NB54 and PTC124 induced recovery of the full-length harmonin a1 with the same efficacy. The high biocompatibilities combined with the sustained read-through efficacies of these drugs emphasize the potential of NB54 and PTC124 in treating nonsense mutation-based retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Goldmann
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany
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30
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Transcriptional Read-Through Induction Treatment Trial in Intestinal Failure Induced by an EpCAM Nonsense Mutation. Case Rep Med 2012; 2012:173195. [PMID: 22991516 PMCID: PMC3444051 DOI: 10.1155/2012/173195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital tufting enteropathy (CTE) is a rare autosomal recessive diarrheal disorder where epithelial tufts can be present from the duodenum to the large intestine. CTE has been linked to mutations in the epithelial cell adhesion molecule gene (EpCAM) Sivagnanam et al. (2008). We recently reported the first case with a nonsense mutation in EpCAM Sivagnanam et al. (2010). Here, we explored the clinical and molecular effects of enterally administered gentamicin in this CTE patient. Altogether, our findings indicate that the therapy employed was insufficient to produce notable read-through induction of the EpCAM premature termination codon. This report highlights the utility of genetic testing not only in respect of diagnostics, prognostics, and family planning, but potential mutation-specific therapeutic considerations as well.
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Goldmann T, Overlack N, Wolfrum U, Nagel-Wolfrum K. PTC124-mediated translational readthrough of a nonsense mutation causing Usher syndrome type 1C. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:537-47. [PMID: 21235327 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic potential of the premature termination codon (PTC) readthrough-inducing drug PTC124 in treating the retinal phenotype of Usher syndrome, caused by a nonsense mutation in the USH1C gene. Applications in cell culture, organotypic retina cultures, and mice in vivo revealed significant readthrough and the recovery of protein function. In comparison with other readthrough drugs, namely the clinically approved readthrough-inducing aminoglycoside gentamicin, PTC124 exhibits significant better retinal biocompatibility. Its high readthrough efficiency in combination with excellent biocompatibility makes PTC124 a promising therapeutic agent for PTCs in USH1C, as well as other ocular and nonocular genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Goldmann
- Department of Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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Kellermayer R. Genetic drift. "Omics"as the filtering gateway between environment and phenotype: The inflammatory bowel diseases example. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 152A:3022-5. [PMID: 21108388 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kellermayer
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Kandasamy J, Atia-Glikin D, Belakhov V, Baasov T. Repairing faulty genes by aminoglycosides: Identification of new pharmacophore with enhanced suppression of disease-causing nonsense mutations. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00195c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tsitovich PB, Pushechnikov A, French JM, Disney MD. A chemoenzymatic route to diversify aminoglycosides enables a microarray-based method to probe acetyltransferase activity. Chembiochem 2010; 11:1656-60. [PMID: 20629012 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B Tsitovich
- Department of Chemistry & The Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 657 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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35
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A model for neural development and treatment of Rett syndrome using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell 2010; 143:527-39. [PMID: 21074045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 961] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental diseases in which different combinations of genetic mutations may contribute to the phenotype. Using Rett syndrome (RTT) as an ASD genetic model, we developed a culture system using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from RTT patients' fibroblasts. RTT patients' iPSCs are able to undergo X-inactivation and generate functional neurons. Neurons derived from RTT-iPSCs had fewer synapses, reduced spine density, smaller soma size, altered calcium signaling and electrophysiological defects when compared to controls. Our data uncovered early alterations in developing human RTT neurons. Finally, we used RTT neurons to test the effects of drugs in rescuing synaptic defects. Our data provide evidence of an unexplored developmental window, before disease onset, in RTT syndrome where potential therapies could be successfully employed. Our model recapitulates early stages of a human neurodevelopmental disease and represents a promising cellular tool for drug screening, diagnosis and personalized treatment.
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Matejas V, Hinkes B, Alkandari F, Al-Gazali L, Annexstad E, Aytac MB, Barrow M, Bláhová K, Bockenhauer D, Cheong HI, Maruniak-Chudek I, Cochat P, Dötsch J, Gajjar P, Hennekam RC, Janssen F, Kagan M, Kariminejad A, Kemper MJ, Koenig J, Kogan J, Kroes HY, Kuwertz-Bröking E, Lewanda AF, Medeira A, Muscheites J, Niaudet P, Pierson M, Saggar A, Seaver L, Suri M, Tsygin A, Wühl E, Zurowska A, Uebe S, Hildebrandt F, Antignac C, Zenker M. Mutations in the human laminin beta2 (LAMB2) gene and the associated phenotypic spectrum. Hum Mutat 2010; 31:992-1002. [PMID: 20556798 PMCID: PMC2978072 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of LAMB2 typically cause autosomal recessive Pierson syndrome, a disorder characterized by congenital nephrotic syndrome, ocular and neurologic abnormalities, but may occasionally be associated with milder or oligosymptomatic disease variants. LAMB2 encodes the basement membrane protein laminin beta2, which is incorporated in specific heterotrimeric laminin isoforms and has an expression pattern corresponding to the pattern of organ manifestations in Pierson syndrome. Herein we review all previously reported and several novel LAMB2 mutations in relation to the associated phenotype in patients from 39 unrelated families. The majority of disease-causing LAMB2 mutations are truncating, consistent with the hypothesis that loss of laminin beta2 function is the molecular basis of Pierson syndrome. Although truncating mutations are distributed across the entire gene, missense mutations are clearly clustered in the N-terminal LN domain, which is important for intermolecular interactions. There is an association of missense mutations and small in frame deletions with a higher mean age at onset of renal disease and with absence of neurologic abnormalities, thus suggesting that at least some of these may represent hypomorphic alleles. Nevertheless, genotype alone does not appear to explain the full range of clinical variability, and therefore hitherto unidentified modifiers are likely to exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Matejas
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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Abstract
Aminoglycosides have been an essential component of the armamentarium in the treatment of life-threatening infections. Unfortunately, their efficacy has been reduced by the surge and dissemination of resistance. In some cases the levels of resistance reached the point that rendered them virtually useless. Among many known mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides, enzymatic modification is the most prevalent in the clinical setting. Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes catalyze the modification at different -OH or -NH₂ groups of the 2-deoxystreptamine nucleus or the sugar moieties and can be nucleotidyltransferases, phosphotransferases, or acetyltransferases. The number of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes identified to date as well as the genetic environments where the coding genes are located is impressive and there is virtually no bacteria that is unable to support enzymatic resistance to aminoglycosides. Aside from the development of new aminoglycosides refractory to as many as possible modifying enzymes there are currently two main strategies being pursued to overcome the action of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Their successful development would extend the useful life of existing antibiotics that have proven effective in the treatment of infections. These strategies consist of the development of inhibitors of the enzymatic action or of the expression of the modifying enzymes.
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Houghton JL, Green KD, Chen W, Garneau-Tsodikova S. The future of aminoglycosides: the end or renaissance? Chembiochem 2010; 11:880-902. [PMID: 20397253 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although aminoglycosides have been used as antibacterials for decades, their use has been hindered by their inherent toxicity and the resistance that has emerged to these compounds. It seems that such issues have relegated a formerly front-line class of antimicrobials to the proverbial back shelf. However, recent advances have demonstrated that novel aminoglycosides have a potential to overcome resistance as well as to be used to treat HIV-1 and even human genetic disorders, with abrogated toxicity. It is not the end for aminoglycosides, but rather, the challenges faced by researchers have led to ingenuity and a change in how we view this class of compounds, a renaissance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Houghton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry in the College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Bellais S, Le Goff C, Dagoneau N, Munnich A, Cormier-Daire V. In vitro readthrough of termination codons by gentamycin in the Stüve-Wiedemann Syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 18:130-2. [PMID: 19603067 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stüve-Wiedemann Syndrome (SWS) is a frequently lethal chondrodysplasia caused by null mutations in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor gene (LIFR) responsible for an impaired activation of the JAK-STAT pathway after LIF stimulation. Most LIFR mutations are nonsense mutations, thus prompting us to investigate the impact of aminoglycosides on the readthrough of premature termination codons (PTCs). Culturing skin fibroblasts from three SWS patients and controls for 48 h in the presence of gentamycin (200-500 microg/ml) partially restored the JAK-STAT3 pathway when stimulated by LIF. Consistently, quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that gentamycin stabilized LIFR mRNAs carrying UGA premature termination codons. We conclude that high gentamycin concentrations can partially restore functional LIFR protein synthesis in vitro, prompting us to investigate PTC readthrough using less toxic and more efficient drugs in this presently untreatable lethal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bellais
- Département de Génétique, Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U781, Assistance Publique-Hôitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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40
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Munro CS. Molecular genetics of the skin: the implications of understanding. Clin Med (Lond) 2009; 9:591-2. [PMID: 20095307 PMCID: PMC4952303 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.9-6-591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During recent decades, discoveries in genetic skin disease have produced insights into the biology of the skin, and in some cases permitted preventive prenatal diagnosis, but application of this knowledge in palliation or cure remains a tantalising prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Munro
- Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow.
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Shiozuka M, Wagatsuma A, Kawamoto T, Sasaki H, Shimada K, Takahashi Y, Nonomura Y, Matsuda R. Transdermal delivery of a readthrough-inducing drug: a new approach of gentamicin administration for the treatment of nonsense mutation-mediated disorders. J Biochem 2009; 147:463-70. [PMID: 19910311 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To induce the readthrough of premature termination codons, aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin have attracted interest as potential therapeutic agents for diseases caused by nonsense mutations. The transdermal delivery of gentamicin is considered unfeasible because of its low permeability through the dermis. However, if the skin permeability of gentamicin could be improved, it would allow topical application without the need for systemic delivery. In this report, we demonstrated that the skin permeability of gentamicin increased with the use of a thioglycolate-based depilatory agent. After transdermal administration, the readthrough activity in skeletal muscle, as determined using a lacZ/luc reporter system, was found to be equivalent to systemic administration when measured in transgenic mice. Transdermally applied gentamicin was detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the muscles and sera of mice only after depilatory agent-treatment. In addition, expansion of the intercellular gaps in the basal and prickle-cell layers was observed by electron microscopy only in the depilatory agent-treated mice. Depilatory agent-treatment may be useful for the topical delivery of readthough-inducing drugs for the rescue of nonsense mutation-mediated genetic disorders. This finding may also be applicable for the transdermal delivery of other pharmacologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Shiozuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate school of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Salvatori F, Breveglieri G, Zuccato C, Finotti A, Bianchi N, Borgatti M, Feriotto G, Destro F, Canella A, Brognara E, Lampronti I, Breda L, Rivella S, Gambari R. Production of beta-globin and adult hemoglobin following G418 treatment of erythroid precursor cells from homozygous beta(0)39 thalassemia patients. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:720-8. [PMID: 19810011 PMCID: PMC3572903 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In several types of thalassemia (including beta(0)39-thalassemia), stop codon mutations lead to premature translation termination and to mRNA destabilization through nonsense-mediated decay. Drugs (for instance aminoglycosides) can be designed to suppress premature termination, inducing a ribosomal readthrough. These findings have introduced new hopes for the development of a pharmacologic approach to the cure of this disease. However, the effects of aminoglycosides on globin mRNA carrying beta-thalassemia stop mutations have not yet been investigated. In this study, we have used a lentiviral construct containing the beta(0)39-thalassemia globin gene under control of the beta-globin promoter and a LCR cassette. We demonstrated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis the production of beta-globin by K562 cell clones expressing the beta(0)39-thalassemia globin gene and treated with G418. More importantly, after FACS and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, erythroid precursor cells from beta(0)39-thalassemia patients were demonstrated to be able to produce beta-globin and adult hemoglobin after treatment with G418. This study strongly suggests that ribosomal readthrough should be considered a strategy for developing experimental strategies for the treatment of beta(0)-thalassemia caused by stop codon mutations. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salvatori
- BioPharmaNet, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Breveglieri
- BioPharmaNet, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Zuccato
- Laboratory for the Development of Pharmacological and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Center, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Laboratory for the Development of Pharmacological and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Center, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Laboratory for the Development of Pharmacological and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Center, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Laboratory for the Development of Pharmacological and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Center, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giordana Feriotto
- Laboratory for the Development of Pharmacological and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Center, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Destro
- BioPharmaNet, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Canella
- BioPharmaNet, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Brognara
- Laboratory for the Development of Pharmacological and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Center, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Laboratory for the Development of Pharmacological and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Center, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Breda
- Department of Pediatric and Hematology-Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Department of Pediatric and Hematology-Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Roberto Gambari
- BioPharmaNet, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for the Development of Pharmacological and Pharmacogenomic Therapy of Thalassaemia, Biotechnology Center, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
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43
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Cardno TS, Poole ES, Mathew SF, Graves R, Tate WP. A homogeneous cell-based bicistronic fluorescence assay for high-throughput identification of drugs that perturb viral gene recoding and read-through of nonsense stop codons. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 15:1614-21. [PMID: 19535460 PMCID: PMC2714747 DOI: 10.1261/rna.1586709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recoding mechanisms are programmed protein synthesis events used commonly by viruses but only very rarely in cells for cellular gene expression. For example, HIV-1 has an absolute reliance on frameshifting to produce the correct ratio of key proteins critical for infectivity. To exploit such recoding sites as therapeutic targets, a simple homogeneous assay capable of detecting small perturbations in these low-frequency (<5%) events is required. Current assays based on dual luciferase reporters use expensive substrates and are labor-intensive, both impediments for high-throughput screening. We have developed a cell-based bifluorophore assay able to measure accurately small recoding changes (<0.1%) with a high Z'-factor in 24- or 96-well formats that could be extended to 384 wells. In cases of nonsense mutations arising within coding regions of genes, the assay is suitable for assessing the potential of screened compounds to increase read-through at these nonprogrammed stop signals of variable termination efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony S Cardno
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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44
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New approaches to treatment of primary immunodeficiencies: fixing mutations with chemicals. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 8:540-6. [PMID: 18978469 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328314b63b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review is to highlight the most current mutation-targeted therapeutic approaches and provide insights into new developments for treating primary immunodeficiencies. RECENT FINDINGS Significant progress in mutation-targeted treatment was achieved in the past year with the identification and characterization of a translational read-through compound, PTC124. PTC124 demonstrates a new class of nontoxic bioavailable small drugs. Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated techniques such as splicing redirection, exon skipping, and mismatch repair have been successfully used to correct splicing, frameshift, and missense mutations, respectively. Delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to mammalian cells, including primary leukocytes and neurons, saw great progress during the past year. Recent advances for other approaches to correct frameshift and missense mutations are also considered. SUMMARY Primary immunodeficiencies are monogenic disorders. The characterization and classification of disease-causing mutations facilitate the design and development of new mutation-targeted treatments. To date, using ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) as a model primary immunodeficiency, the most promising advances have been with chemicals that read through various premature stop codons as well as with antisense oligonucleotides that mask aberrant splice sites. These principles can now be applied to other primary immunodeficiencies.
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45
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46
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Brendel C, Klahold E, Gärtner J, Huppke P. Suppression of nonsense mutations in Rett syndrome by aminoglycoside antibiotics. Pediatr Res 2009; 65:520-3. [PMID: 19190538 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31819d9ebc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is caused in more than 60% of cases by nonsense mutations in the MECP2 gene. So far, no curative therapy for RTT has become available. In other genetic disorders, it has been shown that aminoglycosides can cause a read-through of nonsense mutations with an efficiency of up to 20%. The aim of this study was to evaluate if this therapeutic concept is applicable to RTT. HeLa cells were transfected with eukaryotic expression vectors carrying mutant alleles of frequently occurring MECP2 nonsense mutations that were N-terminally fused to a FLAG tag. Transfected cells were incubated 24 h in the presence of gentamicin. The expression of full-length protein was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescent cell staining. In the presence of gentamicin a read-through varying between 10 and 21.8% was found, depending on the nucleotide sequence context of the nonsense mutations. The full-length protein was located correctly in the nucleus. We have shown that aminoglycoside-mediated read-through of nonsense mutations in the MECP2 gene can be achieved in vitro with efficiency comparable with that seen in other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Brendel
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Georg August University, Göttingen, D-37075 Germany
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47
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Linde L, Kerem B. Introducing sense into nonsense in treatments of human genetic diseases. Trends Genet 2008; 24:552-63. [PMID: 18937996 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of alleles causing genetic diseases carry premature termination codons (PTCs), which lead to the production of truncated proteins. The past decade has seen considerable interest in therapeutic approaches aimed at readthrough of in-frame PTCs to enable synthesis of full-length proteins. However, attempts to readthrough PTCs in many diseases resulted in variable effects. Here, we focus on the efforts of such therapeutic approaches in cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy and discuss the factors contributing to successful readthrough and how the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway regulates this response. A deeper understanding of the molecular basis for variable response to readthrough of PTCs is necessary so that appropriate therapies can be developed to treat many human genetic diseases caused by PTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Linde
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, Givat Ram Campus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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48
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Mort M, Ivanov D, Cooper DN, Chuzhanova NA. A meta-analysis of nonsense mutations causing human genetic disease. Hum Mutat 2008; 29:1037-47. [PMID: 18454449 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mort
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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49
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Llewellyn NM, Spencer JB. Chemoenzymatic acylation of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3786-8. [PMID: 18685777 DOI: 10.1039/b802248h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemoenzymatic installation of the clinically valuable (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl side chain onto a number of 2-deoxystreptamine-containing aminoglycosides is described using the purified Bacillus circulans biosynthetic enzymes BtrH and BtrG in combination with a synthetic acyl-SNAC surrogate substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Llewellyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK.
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