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Baz-Redón N, Antolín M, Clemente M, Campos A, Mogas E, Fernández-Cancio M, Zafon E, García-Arumí E, Soler L, González-Llorens N, Aguilar-Riera C, Camats-Tarruella N, Yeste D. Patients with Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis and DUOX2 Variants: Molecular and Clinical Description and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8473. [PMID: 39126042 PMCID: PMC11313534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis (THD) is a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases caused by the total or partial defect in the synthesis or secretion of thyroid hormones. Genetic variants in DUOX2 can cause partial to total iodination organification defects and clinical heterogeneity, from transient to permanent congenital hypothyroidism. The aim of this study was to undertake a molecular characterization and genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with THD and candidate variants in DUOX2. A total of 31 (19.38%) patients from the Catalan Neonatal Screening Program presented with variants in DUOX2 that could explain their phenotype. Fifteen (48.39%) patients were compound heterozygous, 10 (32.26%) heterozygous, and 4 (12.90%) homozygous. In addition, 8 (26.67%) of these patients presented variants in other genes. A total of 35 variants were described, 10 (28.57%) of these variants have not been previously reported in literature. The most frequent variant in our cohort was c.2895_2898del/p.(Phe966SerfsTer29), classified as pathogenic according to reported functional studies. The final diagnosis of this cohort was permanent THD in 21 patients and transient THD in 10, according to reevaluation and/or need for treatment with levothyroxine. A clear genotype-phenotype correlation could not be identified; therefore, functional studies are necessary to confirm the pathogenicity of the variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Baz-Redón
- Growth and Development Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (M.F.-C.); (N.C.-T.); (D.Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Antolín
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.); (E.Z.)
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Clemente
- Growth and Development Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (M.F.-C.); (N.C.-T.); (D.Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (N.G.-L.); (C.A.-R.)
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ariadna Campos
- Growth and Development Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (M.F.-C.); (N.C.-T.); (D.Y.)
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (N.G.-L.); (C.A.-R.)
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eduard Mogas
- Growth and Development Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (M.F.-C.); (N.C.-T.); (D.Y.)
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (N.G.-L.); (C.A.-R.)
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mónica Fernández-Cancio
- Growth and Development Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (M.F.-C.); (N.C.-T.); (D.Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elisenda Zafon
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.); (E.Z.)
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena García-Arumí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Rare Disease, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.A.); (E.Z.)
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Soler
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (N.G.-L.); (C.A.-R.)
| | - Núria González-Llorens
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (N.G.-L.); (C.A.-R.)
| | - Cristina Aguilar-Riera
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (N.G.-L.); (C.A.-R.)
| | - Núria Camats-Tarruella
- Growth and Development Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (M.F.-C.); (N.C.-T.); (D.Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Diego Yeste
- Growth and Development Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (M.F.-C.); (N.C.-T.); (D.Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Pediatric Endocrinology Section, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (N.G.-L.); (C.A.-R.)
- Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Preventive Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Ye L, Yin Y, Chen M, Gong N, Peng Y, Liu H, Miao J. Combined genetic screening and traditional newborn screening to improve the screening efficiency of congenital hypothyroidism. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1185802. [PMID: 37252044 PMCID: PMC10213735 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1185802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an neonatal endocrine disorder. Traditional newborn screening is the mainstream method of CH screening, so as to ensure the early detection and treatment of CH. This method is limited as it has high rates of false positives and negatives. Genetic screening can be used to address the shortcomings of traditional newborn Screening (NBS); however, the comprehensive clinical value of genetic screening is yet to be systematically studied. Methods A total of 3,158 newborns who accepted the newborn screening and genetic screening were recruited for this study. Biochemical screening and genetic screening were performed at the same time. The level of TSH with the DBS was detected by time-resolved immunofluorescence assay. High-throughput sequencing technology based on targeted gene capture was used for genetic screening. The suspected neonatal was recalled and tested serum TSH, and FT4. Finally, the effectiveness of traditional NBS and combined screening was compared. Results In this study, 16 cases were diagnosed by traditional NBS. 10 cases of DUOX2 mutation were found in newborn CH-related genetic screening, including 5 homozygous and 5 compound heterozygous variations. We found that the c.1588A > T mutations in DUOX2 constituting the predominant site in the present cohort.Compared with NBS and genetic screening, the sensitivity of combined screening increased by 11.1% and 55.6%, respectively. Compared with NBS and genetic screening, the negative predictive value of combined screening increased by 0.1% and 0.4%, respectively. Conclusions Combined traditional NBS and genetic screening reduces the false negative rate of CH screening and improves the early and accurate identification of neonates with CH. Our research explains the mutation spectrum of CH in this region, and provisionally demonstrates the necessity, feasibility and significance of genetic screening in newborns and provides a solid basis for future clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingkun Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’ Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
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Molina MF, Pio MG, Scheps KG, Adrover E, Abelleyro MM, Targovnik HM, Rivolta CM. Curating the gnomAD database: Report of novel variants in the thyroid peroxidase gene using in silico bioinformatics algorithms and a literature review. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 558:111748. [PMID: 35995307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein located at the apical side of the thyroid follicular cells that catalyzes both iodination and coupling of iodotyrosine residues within the thyroglobulin molecule, leading to the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Variants in TPO cause congenital hypothyroidism (CH) by iodide organification defect and are commonly inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. In the present work, we report a detailed population analysis and bioinformatic prediction of the TPO variants indexed in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) v2.1.1. The proportion of missense cysteine variants and nonsense, frameshift, and splice acceptor/donor variants were analyzed in each ethnic group (European (Non-Finnish), European (Finnish), African/African Americans, Latino/Admixed American, East Asian, South Asian, Ashkenazi Jewish, Other). The results showed a clear predominance of frameshift variants in the East Asian (82%) and European (Finnish) (75%) population, whereas the splice site variants predominate in African/African Americans (99.46%), Other (96%), Latino/Admixed American (94%), South Asian (86%), European (Non-Finnish) (56%) and Ashkenazi Jewish (56%) populations. The analysis of the distribution of the variants indexed in gnomAD v2.1.1 database revealed that most missense variants identified in the An peroxidase domain map in exon 8, followed by exons 11, 7 and 9, and finally in descending order by exons 10, 6, 12 and 5. In total, 183 novel TPO variants were described (13 missense cysteine's variants, 158 missense variants involving the An peroxidase domain and 12 splicing acceptor or donor sites variants) which were not reported in the literature and that would have deleterious effects on prediction programs. In the gnomAD v2.1.1 population, the estimated prevalence of heterozygous carriers of the potentially damaging variants was 1:77. In conclusion, we provide an updated and curated reference source of new TPO variants for application in clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling. Also, this work contributes to elucidating the molecular basis of CH associated with TPO defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel F Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen G Scheps
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel M Abelleyro
- CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Watanabe D, Yagasaki H, Narusawa H, Saito T, Mitsui Y, Miyake K, Ohta M, Inukai T. Screening of frequent variants associated with congenital hypothyroidism: a comparison with next generation sequencing. Endocr J 2021; 68:1411-1419. [PMID: 34234053 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is considered the most common congenital endocrine disorder of genetic origin. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is the standard method for identifying genetic mutations, but it is an expensive and complex technique. Therefore, we propose to use Sanger sequencing to identify selected variants of the four most common CH-causative genes: DUOX2, TG, TSHR, and PAX8. To analyze the performance of Sanger sequencing, we compared its variant detection ability with that of a CH NGS panel containing 53 genes. We performed Sanger sequencing of selected variants and panel NGS analysis of 25 Japanese patients with CH. Sanger sequencing identified nine variants in seven patients, while NGS identified 24 variants in 14 patients. Of these, eight, five, eight, two, and one were found to be potentially pathogenic in DUOX2, TSHR, TG, UBR1, and TPO genes, respectively. The percentage of detectable variants using Sanger sequencing compared with NGS was 37.5% (9/24 variants), whereas the percentage of detectable cases carrying variants using Sanger sequencing compared with NGS was 50% (7/14 patients). We proposed a system for screening commonly identified CH-related variants by Sanger sequencing. Sanger sequencing could therefore identify about a third of CH-causative variants, so is considered an effective and efficient form of pre-screening before NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiromune Narusawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mitsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masanori Ohta
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Pio MG, Siffo S, Scheps KG, Molina MF, Adrover E, Abelleyro MM, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. Curating the gnomAD database: Report of novel variants in the thyrogobulin gene using in silico bioinformatics algorithms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111359. [PMID: 34119605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG) is a large glycosylated protein of 2767 amino acids, secreted by the thyrocytes into the follicular lumen. It plays an essential role in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis. TG gene variants lead to permanent congenital hypothyroidism. In the present work, we report a detailed population and bioinformatic prediction analyses of the TG variants indexed in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The results showed a clear predominance of nonsense variants in the European (Finnish), European (Non-Finnish) and Ashkenazi Jewish ethnic groups, whereas the splice site variants predominate in South Asian and African/African-American populations. In total, 282 novel TG variants were described (47 missense involving the wild-type cysteine residues, 177 missense located in the ChEL domain and 58 splice site variants) which were not reported in the literature and that would have deleterious effects in prediction programs. In the gnomAD population, the estimated prevalence of heterozygous carriers of the potentially damaging variants was 1:320. In conclusion, we provide an updated and curated reference source for the diagnosis of thyroid disease, mainly to congenital hypothyroidism due to TG deficiency. The identification and characterization of TG variants is undoubtedly a valuable approach to study the TG structure/function relations and an important tool for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia Siffo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen G Scheps
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maricel F Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel M Abelleyro
- CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Citterio CE, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. Structure and genetic variants of thyroglobulin: Pathophysiological implications. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111227. [PMID: 33689781 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG) plays a main role in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH), and, thus, it is involved in a wide range of vital functions throughout the life cycle of all vertebrates. Deficiency of TH production due to TG genetic variants causes congenital hypothyroidism (CH), with devastating consequences such as intellectual disability and impaired growth if untreated. To this day, 229 variations in the human TG gene have been identified while the 3D structure of TG has recently appeared. Although TG deficiency is thought to be of autosomal recessive inheritance, the introduction of massive sequencing platforms led to the identification of a variety of monoallelic TG variants (combined with mutations in other thyroid gene products) opening new questions regarding the possibility of oligogenic inheritance of the disease. In this review we discuss remarkable advances in the understanding of the TG architecture and the pathophysiology of CH associated with TG defects, providing new insights for the management of congenital disorders as well as counseling benefits for families with a history of TG abnormalities. Moreover, we summarize relevant aspects of TH synthesis within TG and offer an updated analysis of animal and cellular models of TG deficiency for pathophysiological studies of thyroid dyshormonogenesis while highlighting perspectives for new investigations. All in all, even though there has been sustained progress in understanding the role of TG in thyroid pathophysiology during the past 50 years, functional characterization of TG variants remains an important area of study for future advancement in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia E Citterio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Pio MG, Molina MF, Siffo S, Chiesa A, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. A novel mutation in intron 11 donor splice site, responsible of a rare genotype in thyroglobulin gene by altering the pre-mRNA splincing process. Cell expression and bioinformatic analysis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 522:111124. [PMID: 33321114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (TG) is a homodimeric glycoprotein synthesized by the thyroid gland. To date, two hundred twenty-seven variations of the TG gene have been identified in humans. Thyroid dyshormonogenesis due to TG gene mutations have an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 newborns. The clinical spectrum ranges from euthyroid to mild or severe hypothyroidism. The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize new variants in the TG gene. We report an Argentine patient with congenital hypothyroidism, enlarged thyroid gland and low levels of serum TG. Sequencing of DNA, expression of chimeric minigenes as well as bioinformatics analysis were performed. DNA sequencing identified the presence of compound heterozygous mutations in the TG gene: the maternal mutation consists of a c.3001+5G > A, whereas the paternal mutation consists of p.Arg296*. Minigen analysis of the variant c.3001+5A performed in HeLa, CV1 and Hek293T cell lines, showed a total lack of transcript expression. So, in order to validate that the loss of expression was caused by such variation, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the mutated clone, which previously had a pSPL3 vector change, to give rise to a wild-type clone c.3001+5G, endorsing that the mutation c.3001+5G > A is the cause of the total lack of expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the c.3001+5G > A mutation causes a rare genotype, altering the splicing of the pre-mRNA. This work contributes to elucidating the molecular bases of TG defects associated with congenital hypothyroidism and expands our knowledge in relation to the pathologic roles of the position 5 in the donor splice site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Gomes Pio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maricel F Molina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofia Siffo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang X, Han J, Feng L, Zhi L, Jiang D, Yu B, Zhang Z, Gao B, Zhang C, Li M, Zhao L, Wang G. DUOX2 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the AKT pathway and interacting with RPL3. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:105-117. [PMID: 32531052 PMCID: PMC7877561 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) is an important regulatory protein in the organic process of thyroid hormone iodine. Mounting evidence suggests that DUOX2 plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cancers. However, the function and mechanism of DUOX2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully clarified. In the present study, the relationship between the expression of DUOX2 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of CRC patients was analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of DUOX2 on proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo were examined. DUOX2-associated proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation (IP). Next-generation sequencing detection was performed to illustrate the mechanism of DUOX2 in CRC cells. It was found that the expression levels of DUOX2 in metastatic sites were significantly higher than those in primary tumor tissues, and this was demonstrated to be associated with poor prognosis. The knockdown of DUOX2 inhibited the invasion and migration of CRC cells. Furthermore, DUOX2 regulated the stability of ribosomal protein uL3 (RPL3) by affecting the ubiquitination status of RPL3, and the invasion and migration ability of DUOX2 can be reversed by the overexpression of RPL3. The downregulation of DUOX2 can affect the expression level of a large number of genes, and a number of these are enriched in the PI3K-AKT pathway. Some of the changes caused by DUOX2 can be reversed by RPL3. In summary, DUOX2 exhibits a significantly higher expression in CRC tumor samples, and facilitates the invasion and metastasis ability of CRC cells by interacting with RPL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lianghui Zhi
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Da Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Yu
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Gao
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Meng Li
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- The Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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9
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Zheng Z, Yang L, Sun C, Wu J, Luo F, Zhou W, Lu W. Genotype and phenotype correlation in a cohort of Chinese congenital hypothyroidism patients with DUOX2 mutations. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 8:1649. [PMID: 33490161 PMCID: PMC7812163 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the relationship between the phenotype and genotype of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) caused by dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) mutation in Chinese children, and to investigate the genetic causes of permanent and transient hypothyroidism through next-generation genetic testing technology and long-term clinical follow-up data. Methods We recruited 61 patients with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of >10 mIU/mL during newborn screening, clinical diagnosis of CH, and L-thyroxine (L-T4) oral treatment within 1 month of birth; they were followed up until the present. All CH infants and their parents were genotyped using whole-exome sequencing (WES); DUOX2 variants were detected in 20 infants, and the longitudinal prognosis, genotype, and phenotype correlations were analyzed. Results Biallelic DUOX2 mutations were detected in 20 participants. All of them were born full term. All patients were treated with L-T4 when diagnosed with CH; 9 of them stopped L-T4 eventually before 3 years old; and 2 were treated with a reduced dose of L-T4 (12.5 µg per day). The others were still treated with L-T4 at a dose of 37.5–87.5 µg per day. Of these 20 participants, 5 carried an R1110Q variant and 5 carried K530X variants. A total of 7 novel variants were discovered in our cohort. The variants carried in transient CH patients were located extracellularly and not near the functional domain. Conclusions Most CH patients with DUOX2 mutations were those with transient or subclinical CH. The R1110Q, R885L, and K530X were the most common variants in our Chinese cohort. The R1110Q and K530X variants may play a founder effect in the transient CH. The R885L variant may play a benign role in transient CH. Intracellular variants or those near the functional domain may cause permanent CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqian Zheng
- Department Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Department Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feihong Luo
- Department Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Oliver-Petit I, Edouard T, Jacques V, Bournez M, Cartault A, Grunenwald S, Savagner F. Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis Reveals Frequent Familial Origin and Oligogenism in Congenital Hypothyroidism With Dyshormonogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:657913. [PMID: 34248839 PMCID: PMC8264654 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.657913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is related to dyshormonogenesis in 15% to 40% of the world population and associated with homozygous or heterozygous variants in the main genes of the hormone synthesis pathway. Emerging diagnostic tools, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), have been used to efficiently explore panels of genes and identify complex mechanisms of pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE We explored 19 candidate genes known to be causative for permanent or transient CH to evaluate the role of complex gene variations in CH phenotype. PATIENTS DESIGN AND SETTING Using the NGS approach, we studied 65 newborns with thyroid dyshormonogenesis (TDH). New variants were assessed in silico for pathogenicity. RESULTS Among the 65 infants, 56.9% presented a variant in one or more genes of the thyroid hormone synthesis axis. We identified homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the TG, DUOX2, TPO, or SLC5A5 genes in 10 infants and heterozygous variants in DUOX2, TG, TPO, and TSHR in 19 others. In seven cases, a heterozygous variant in the TG gene was the unique anomaly detected, but related to disturbed hormonal balance. Oligogenic variants were found in eight infants associated with severe CH and goiter in five of them. CONCLUSION The systematic exploration of genes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis by NGS in TDH showed high diagnostic relevance. Oligogenic inheritance could be related to phenotypic heterogeneity and a high frequency of goiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Oliver-Petit
- Endocrine, Genetics, Bone Diseases, and Paediatric Gynecology Unit, Children’s Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Edouard
- Endocrine, Genetics, Bone Diseases, and Paediatric Gynecology Unit, Children’s Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Inserm UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Jacques
- Inserm UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France
- Biochemistry and Genetic Laboratory, Federative Institute of Biology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Bournez
- Pediatric Unit, Hospital Le Bocage, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Audrey Cartault
- Endocrine, Genetics, Bone Diseases, and Paediatric Gynecology Unit, Children’s Hospital, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Solange Grunenwald
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Cardio-Vascular and Metabolic Unit, CHU Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédérique Savagner
- Inserm UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France
- Biochemistry and Genetic Laboratory, Federative Institute of Biology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Frédérique Savagner,
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11
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Huang M, Lu X, Dong G, Li J, Chen C, Yu Q, Li M, Su Y. Analysis of Mutation Spectra of 28 Pathogenic Genes Associated With Congenital Hypothyroidism in the Chinese Han Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:695426. [PMID: 34276565 PMCID: PMC8284857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.695426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disease; its early detection ensures successful treatment and prevents complications. However, its molecular etiology remains unclear. METHODS We used second-generation sequencing to detect 28 pathogenic genes in 15 Chinese Han patients with CH in Shenzhen, China, and analyzed the genetic pattern of the pathogenic genes through their pedigrees. The pathogenicity assessment of gene mutations was performed based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) classification guidelines, inheritance models, and published evidence. RESULTS Mutations in several target genes were identified in 14 of 15 patients (93.33%); these mutations were distributed in eight genes (DUOX2, DUOXA2, TPO, TG, TSHR, FOXE1, KDM6A, and POU1F1). DUOX2 exhibited the highest mutation frequency (44%, 11/25), followed by TPO (16%, 4/25) and TG (16%, 4/25). DUOX2 exhibited the highest biallelic mutation (7/15). Eight out of 25 variants verified by the ACMG guidelines were classified as pathogenic (P, category 1) or possibly pathogenic (LP, Type 2), namely six variants of DUOX2, and one variant of TPO and DUOXA2. Five new mutations were detected: one in DUOX2, which was located in the splicing region of mRNA (c.1575-1G>A), three new missense mutants, p.A291T, p.R169W, and p. S1237dup, and one new TPO missense variant c.2012G>T (p.W671L). The main criteria for determining the genotype-phenotype relationship were a diagnostic detection rate of 53.33% (8/15) and combination of three or more gene mutations. CONCLUSIONS CH gene mutations in the population may be mainly manifested in genes influencing thyroid hormone synthesis, such as DUOX2 compound heterozygous mutations, which exhibited a high detection rate. The clinical manifestations are diverse, and mainly include transient CH. Therefore, genetic screening is recommended for CH patients to determine the correlation between clinical phenotypes and gene mutations, which will assist in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Huang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiyan Lu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqing Dong
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Dong,
| | - Jianxu Li
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengcong Chen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuxia Yu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yueyue Su
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Wang H, Kong X, Pei Y, Cui X, Zhu Y, He Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhuo L, Chen C, Yan X. Mutation spectrum analysis of 29 causative genes in 43 Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:297-309. [PMID: 32319661 PMCID: PMC7248516 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder with a genetic origin. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the mutation spectrum of CH patients in China. A targeted next-generation sequencing panel covering all exons of 29 CH-related causative genes was used in 43 Han Chinese patients with CH [11 dysgenesis and 32 glands in situ (GIS)]. The functional impact and pathogenicity of detected variants were analyzed using a comprehensive bioinformatics approach and co-segregation studies. A total of 47 rare non-polymorphic variants in 9 target genes associated with thyroid hormone synthesis (DUOX2, DUOXA2, TPO, TG, SLC26A4 and SLC5A5), thyroid stimulating hormone resistance (TSHR) and central hypothyroidism (PROP1 and TRHR) were identified in 31 patients (31/43, 72%). Of these variants, 8 were novel, including 3 in DUOX2, 2 in TPO, 3 in TSHR and 1 in SLC5A5. Variants were mostly affected by DUOX2, TG, TPO and TSHR. Approximately 44% of the patients (19/43) carried DUOX2 variants. The mutation detection rates in patients with GIS were higher compared with patients with dysgenesis [25/32 (78%) vs. 6/11 (54%)]. Oligogenic mutations were detected in 25.6% of the total cases and 35% of the mutated cases. Genetic basis was ascertained in 13 patients, reaching a diagnosis detection rate of 30%. In conclusion, genetic defects in dyshormonogenesis, mainly in DUOX2, were the main genetic cause of CH in the Chinese population. Oligogenicity is highly involved in CH pathogenesis and may thus be an important factor in common phenotypic variability observed in patients with CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Yanrui Pei
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Cui
- The Tianyou Children's Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Zhu
- The Chang An Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710016, P.R. China
| | - Zixuan He
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100080, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Zhuo
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- Endocrine Department, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
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Targovnik HM, Scheps KG, Rivolta CM. Defects in protein folding in congenital hypothyroidism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110638. [PMID: 31751626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine disease in children and one of the most common preventable causes of both cognitive and motor deficits. CH is a heterogeneous group of thyroid disorders in which inadequate production of thyroid hormone occurs due to defects in proteins involved in the gland organogenesis (dysembryogenesis) or in multiple steps of thyroid hormone biosynthesis (dyshormonogenesis). Dysembryogenesis is associated with genes responsible for the development or growth of thyroid cells: such as NKX2-1, FOXE1, PAX8, NKX2-5, TSHR, TBX1, CDCA8, HOXD3 and HOXB3 resulting in agenesis, hypoplasia or ectopia of thyroid gland. Nevertheless, the etiology of the dysembryogenesis remains unknown for most cases. In contrast, the majority of patients with dyshormonogenesis has been linked to mutations in the SLC5A5, SLC26A4, SLC26A7, TPO, DUOX1, DUOX2, DUOXA1, DUOXA2, IYD or TG genes, which usually originate goiter. About 800 genetic mutations have been reported to cause CH in patients so far, including missense, nonsense, in-frame deletion and splice-site variations. Many of these mutations are implicated in specific domains, cysteine residues or glycosylation sites, affecting the maturation of nascent proteins that go through the secretory pathway. Consequently, misfolded proteins are permanently entrapped in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are translocated to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery. Despite of all these remarkable advances in the field of the CH pathogenesis, several points on the development of this disease remain to be elucidated. The continuous study of thyroid gene mutations with the application of new technologies will be useful for the understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms related to CH. In this review we summarize the present status of knowledge on the disorders in the protein folding caused by thyroid genes mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Karen G Scheps
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Stoupa A, Al Hage Chehade G, Chaabane R, Kariyawasam D, Szinnai G, Hanein S, Bole-Feysot C, Fourrage C, Nitschke P, Thalassinos C, Pinto G, Mnif M, Baron S, De Kerdanet M, Reynaud R, Barat P, Hachicha M, Belguith N, Polak M, Carré A. High Diagnostic Yield of Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in a Cohort of Patients With Congenital Hypothyroidism Due to Dyshormonogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:545339. [PMID: 33692749 PMCID: PMC7937947 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.545339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the molecular cause in a well-characterized cohort of patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) and Dyshormonogenesis (DH) by using targeted next-generation sequencing (TNGS). STUDY DESIGN We studied 19 well-characterized patients diagnosed with CH and DH by targeted NGS including genes involved in thyroid hormone production. The pathogenicity of novel mutations was assessed based on in silico prediction tool results, functional studies when possible, variant location in important protein domains, and a review of the recent literature. RESULTS TNGS with variant prioritization and detailed assessment identified likely disease-causing mutations in 10 patients (53%). Monogenic defects most often involved TG, followed by DUOXA2, DUOX2, and NIS and were usually homozygous or compound heterozygous. Our review shows the importance of the detailed phenotypic description of patients and accurate analysis of variants to provide a molecular diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS In a clinically well-characterized cohort, TNGS had a diagnostic yield of 53%, in accordance with previous studies using a similar strategy. TG mutations were the most common genetic defect. TNGS identified gene mutations causing DH, thereby providing a rapid and cost-effective genetic diagnosis in patients with CH due to DH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stoupa
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ghada Al Hage Chehade
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Rim Chaabane
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Medicine School, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dulanjalee Kariyawasam
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Gabor Szinnai
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Hanein
- INSERM U1163, IMAGINE Institute, Translational Genetics, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Genomics Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Fourrage
- Bioinformatics Platform, Paris Descartes University, IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- Bioinformatics Platform, Paris Descartes University, IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Thalassinos
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Graziella Pinto
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mouna Mnif
- Endocrinology Department, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sabine Baron
- Pediatrics Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Barat
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pediatric Endocrinology, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Neila Belguith
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Medicine School, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Medical Genetics Department, CHU Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Michel Polak
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Gynecology and Diabetology Unit, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et du Développement, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
- Centre Régional de Dépistage Néonatal (CRDN) Ile de France, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Michel Polak, ; Aurore Carré,
| | - Aurore Carré
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Michel Polak, ; Aurore Carré,
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Park JS, Choi TI, Kim OH, Hong TI, Kim WK, Lee WJ, Kim CH. Targeted knockout of duox causes defects in zebrafish growth, thyroid development, and social interaction. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:101-104. [PMID: 30867122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Su Park
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea; Biosystem Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34111, South Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Oc-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Ted Inpyo Hong
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Biosystem Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34111, South Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
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16
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Wang H, Yuan D, Wang S, Luo L, Zhang Y, Ye J, Zhu K. Cytogenetic and genetic investigation of miscarriage cases in Eastern China. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 33:3385-3390. [PMID: 30741046 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1572738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Recurrent miscarriage (RM) affects about 5% of pregnancies. Etiology of 30-50% RM cases remains unknown. Advanced highly sensitive detection and analysis methods may help solve some of the cases.Methods: Products of conception from 1155 RM cases were analyzed using classic karyotyping. Some cases without abnormal findings were subjected to next generation DNA sequencing (NGS) and chromosome copy number variation (CNV) analysis.Results: Classic karyotyping identified abnormalities in 56.62% of the cases. Of the103 specimens analyzed using NGS, 39 (37.86%) were found to carry "pathogenic" CNVs. Recurrent microdeletions and microduplications were identified, and some with unique distribution patterns.Conclusion: NGS CNV analysis is a highly sensitive and flexible method for detecting genetic abnormalities in RM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Donglan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Saili Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Kuichun Zhu
- R&D Department, Labway Clinical Laboratories, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Extracellular hydrogen peroxide is required for thyroperoxidase-mediated thyroid hormone synthesis in the follicular lumen of the thyroid gland. Among the NADPH oxidases, dual oxidases, DUOX1 and DUOX2, constitute a distinct subfamily initially identified as thyroid oxidases, based on their level of expression in the thyroid. Despite their high sequence similarity, the two isoforms present distinct regulations, tissue expression, and catalytic functions. Inactivating mutations in many of the genes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis associated with iodide organification defect. This chapter provides an overview of the genetic alterations in DUOX2 and its maturation factor, DUOXA2, causing inherited severe hypothyroidism that clearly demonstrate the physiological implication of this oxidase in thyroid hormonogenesis. Mutations in the DUOX2 gene have been described in permanent but also in transient forms of congenital hypothyroidism. Moreover, accumulating evidence demonstrates that the high phenotypic variability associated with altered DUOX2 function is not directly related to the number of inactivated DUOX2 alleles, suggesting the existence of other pathophysiological factors. The presence of two DUOX isoforms and their corresponding maturation factors in the same organ could certainly constitute an efficient redundant mechanism to maintain sufficient H2O2 supply for iodide organification. Many of the reported DUOX2 missense variants have not been functionally characterized, their clinical impact in the observed phenotype remaining unresolved, especially in mild transient congenital hypothyroidism. DUOX2 function should be carefully evaluated using an in vitro assay wherein (1) DUOXA2 is co-expressed, (2) H2O2 production is activated, (3) and DUOX2 membrane expression is precisely analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier De Deken
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Françoise Miot
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Yu B, Long W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Jiang L, Cai Z, Wang H. Newborn Screening and Molecular Profile of Congenital Hypothyroidism in a Chinese Population. Front Genet 2018; 9:509. [PMID: 30420871 PMCID: PMC6216286 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
is the most gene mutation in Chinese CH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Long
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhengmao Cai
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huaiyan Wang
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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19
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Long W, Lu G, Zhou W, Yang Y, Zhang B, Zhou H, Jiang L, Yu B. Targeted next-generation sequencing of thirteen causative genes in Chinese patients with congenital hypothyroidism. Endocr J 2018; 65:1019-1028. [PMID: 30022773 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the spectrum and prevalence of thirteen causative genes mutations in congenital hypothyroidism (CH) patients, we collected blood samples and extracted genomic DNA of 106 CH patients, and designed a customized targeted next-generation sequencing panel containing 13 CH-causing genes to detect mutations. A total of 132 mutations were identified in 65.09% of patients (69/106) on the following nine genes: DUOX2, TG, TPO, TSHR, TTF1, TTF2, NKX2-5, PAX8 and GNAS. 69.70% (92/132) mutations related to thyroid dyshormonogenesis genes, including DUOX2 (n = 49), TG (n = 35), and TPO (n = 8). 21.21% (28/132) mutations related to thyroid dysgenesis genes, including TSHR (n = 19), TTF1 (n = 5), TTF2 (n = 1), PAX8 (n = 2), and NKX2-5 (n = 1). 9.09% (12/132) mutations related to GNAS, which was associated with thyrotropin resistance. No mutation of THRA, TSHB, IYD or SLC5A5 was detected. Among 69 mutations detected patients, 41 (59.42%) patients were two or more mutations detected, and mutations of 30 (43.48%) patients related to two or three genes. According to the pathomechanism of the mutant genes, 57.97% CH patients were classified as thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Overall, DUOX2, TG and TSHR mutations were the most common genetic defects in Chinese CH patients, and thyroid dyshormonogenesis could be the first genetic etiology of CH in Chinese. Besides, multiple mutations accounts for a part of genetic pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- Department of Newborn Screening, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guanting Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710032, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wenbai Zhou
- Department of Newborn Screening, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Newborn Screening, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Newborn Screening, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Newborn Screening, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Department of Child Health, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Newborn Screening, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
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Siffo S, Adrover E, Citterio CE, Miras MB, Balbi VA, Chiesa A, Weill J, Sobrero G, González VG, Papendieck P, Martinez EB, Gonzalez-Sarmiento R, Rivolta CM, Targovnik HM. Molecular analysis of thyroglobulin mutations found in patients with goiter and hypothyroidism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:1-16. [PMID: 29275168 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid dyshormonogenesis due to thyroglobulin (TG) gene mutations have an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 100,000 newborns. The clinical spectrum ranges from euthyroid to mild or severe hypothyroidism. Up to now, one hundred seventeen deleterious mutations in the TG gene have been identified and characterized. The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize new mutations in the TG gene. We report eight patients from seven unrelated families with goiter, hypothyroidism and low levels of serum TG. All patients underwent clinical, biochemical and image evaluation. Sequencing of DNA, genotyping, as well as bioinformatics analysis were performed. Molecular analyses revealed three novel inactivating TG mutations: c.5560G>T [p.E1835*], c.7084G>C [p.A2343P] and c.7093T>C [p.W2346R], and four previously reported mutations: c.378C>A [p.Y107*], c.886C>T [p.R277*], c.1351C>T [p.R432*] and c.7007G>A [p.R2317Q]. Two patients carried homozygous mutations (p.R277*/p.R277*, p.W2346R/p.W2346R), four were compound heterozygous mutations (p.Y107*/p.R277* (two unrelated patients), p.R432*/p.A2343P, p.Y107*/p.R2317Q) and two siblings from another family had a single p.E1835* mutated allele. Additionally, we include the analysis of 48 patients from 31 unrelated families with TG mutations identified in our present and previous studies. Our observation shows that mutations in both TG alleles were found in 27 families (9 as homozygote and 18 as heterozygote compound), whereas in the remaining four families only one mutated allele was detected. The majority of the detected mutations occur in exons 4, 7, 38 and 40. 28 different mutations were identified, 33 of the 96 TG alleles encoded the change p.R277*. In conclusion, our results confirm the genetic heterogeneity of TG defects and the pathophysiological importance of the predicted TG misfolding and therefore thyroid hormone formation as a consequence of truncated TG proteins and/or missense mutations located within its ACHE-like domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Siffo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiela Adrover
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia E Citterio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta B Miras
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana A Balbi
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ana Chiesa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jacques Weill
- Clinique de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Sobrero
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica G González
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica", La Plata, Argentina
| | - Patricia Papendieck
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas, CEDIE-CONICET, División Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena Bueno Martinez
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio Gonzalez-Sarmiento
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Grasberger H, Noureldin M, Kao TD, Adler J, Lee JM, Bishu S, El-Zaatari M, Kao JY, Waljee AK. Increased risk for inflammatory bowel disease in congenital hypothyroidism supports the existence of a shared susceptibility factor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10158. [PMID: 29977049 PMCID: PMC6033893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in dual oxidase (DUOX) 2 are the most common genetic variants found in congenital hypothyroidism (CH), and similar mutations have been recently reported in few very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients without CH. If DUOX2 variants indeed increase susceptibility for IBD, the enrichment of DUOX2 mutation carriers among CH patients should be reflected in higher risk for developing IBD. Using a database containing health insurance claims data for over 230 million patients in the United States, 42,922 subjects with CH were identified based on strict inclusion criteria using diagnostic codes. For subgroup analysis, CH patients with pharmacy records were stratified as transient or permanent CH based on the absence or presence of levothyroxine treatment, respectively. Patients were matched to an equal-sized, age- and gender-matched non-CH group. Compared to controls, CH patients had a 73% higher overall IBD prevalence (0.52% vs 0.30%; P < 0.0001). The CH-associated relative risk was higher for indeterminate or ulcerative colitis than Crohn’s disease. Patients with transient CH had higher odds for IBD (OR 2.39 (95% CI 1.77–3.23) than those with permanent CH (1.69 (95% CI 1.31–2.18). We conclude that patients with CH are at an increased risk of developing IBD. The risk was highest for patients with transient CH, for which partial defects in the DUOX2 system are a particularly common finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Grasberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Mohamed Noureldin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.,Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Timothy D Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Jeremy Adler
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.,Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Joyce M Lee
- Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Mohamad El-Zaatari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - John Y Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
| | - Akbar K Waljee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
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22
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Sun F, Zhang JX, Yang CY, Gao GQ, Zhu WB, Han B, Zhang LL, Wan YY, Ye XP, Ma YR, Zhang MM, Yang L, Zhang QY, Liu W, Guo CC, Chen G, Zhao SX, Song KY, Song HD. The genetic characteristics of congenital hypothyroidism in China by comprehensive screening of 21 candidate genes. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:623-633. [PMID: 29650690 PMCID: PMC5958289 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the most common neonatal metabolic disorder, is characterized by impaired neurodevelopment. Although several candidate genes have been associated with CH, comprehensive screening of causative genes has been limited. DESIGN AND METHODS One hundred ten patients with primary CH were recruited in this study. All exons and exon-intron boundaries of 21 candidate genes for CH were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. And the inheritance pattern of causative genes was analyzed by the study of family pedigrees. RESULTS Our results showed that 57 patients (51.82%) carried biallelic mutations (containing compound heterozygous mutations and homozygous mutations) in six genes (DUOX2, DUOXA2, DUOXA1, TG, TPO and TSHR) involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. Autosomal recessive inheritance of CH caused by mutations in DUOX2, DUOXA2, TG and TPO was confirmed by analysis of 22 family pedigrees. Notably, eight mutations in four genes (FOXE1, NKX2-1, PAX8 and HHEX) that lead to thyroid dysgenesis were identified in eight probands. These mutations were heterozygous in all cases and hypothyroidism was not observed in parents of these probands. CONCLUSIONS Most cases of congenital hypothyroidism in China were caused by thyroid dyshormonogenesis rather than thyroid dysgenesis. This study identified previously reported causative genes for 57/110 Chinese patients and revealed DUOX2 was the most frequently mutated gene in these patients. Our study expanded the mutation spectrum of CH in Chinese patients, which was significantly different from Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Xiu Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyMaternal and Child Health Institute of Bozhou, Bozhou, China
| | - Chang-Yi Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyFujian Province Maternity & Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guan-Qi Gao
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhu
- Department of EndocrinologyFujian Province Maternity & Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bing Han
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Yue Wan
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ye
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ru Ma
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Man-Man Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Yue Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Cui Guo
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of EndocrinologyFujian Province Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Yi Song
- Department of EndocrinologyThe People’s Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchDepartment of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to H-D Song;
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23
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Chen XY, Qin XS. [Advances in genetic research of congenital hypothyroidism in China]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:243-250. [PMID: 29530127 PMCID: PMC7389777 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH), which results from insufficient thyroid hormone biosynthesis, is one of the most common neonatal endocrine disorders. Thyroid dysgenesis and thyroid dyshormonogenesis are the two causes of CH and either one will lead to deficiencies of enzymes during thyroid hormone biosynthesis and insufficient thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Recently, researchers have performed extensive studies on genetics of CH. This paper reviews genes reported to be associated with CH in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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24
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Chen X, Kong X, Zhu J, Zhang T, Li Y, Ding G, Wang H. Mutational Spectrum Analysis of Seven Genes Associated with Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:8986475. [PMID: 30154845 PMCID: PMC6098846 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8986475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid dyshormonogenesis (DH) is a genetically heterogeneous inherited disorder caused by thyroid hormone synthesis abnormalities. This study aims at comprehensively characterizing the mutation spectrum in Chinese patients with DH. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We utilized next-generation sequencing to screen for mutations in seven DH-associated genes (TPO, DUOX2, TG, DUOXA2, SLC26A4, SLC5A5, and IYD) in 21 Chinese Han patients with DH from Xinjiang Province. RESULTS Twenty-eight rare nonpolymorphic variants were found in 19 patients (90.5%), including 19, 5, 3, and 1 variants in DUOX2, TG, DUOXA2, and SLC26A4, respectively. Thirteen (62%) patients carried monogenic mutations, and six (28.5%) carried oligogenic mutations. Fifteen (71%) patients carried 2 or more DUOX2 (14) or DUOXA2 (1) variants. The genetic basis of DH in nine (43%) patients harboring biallelic or triallelic pathogenic variants was resolved. Seventeen patients (81%) carried DUOX2 mutations, most commonly p.R1110Q or p.K530X. No correlations were found between DUOX2 mutation types or numbers and clinical phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS DUOX2 mutations were the most predominant genetic alterations of DH in the study cohort. Oligogenicity may explain the genetic basis of disease in many DH patients. Functional studies and further clinical studies with larger DH patient cohorts are needed to validate the roles of the mutations identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Genetic & Metabolic Disorders, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guifeng Ding
- Center for Genetic & Metabolic Disorders, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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25
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Abstract
Iodide Handling Disorders lead to defects of the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (thyroid dyshormonogenesis, TD) and thereafter congenital hypothyroidism (CH), the most common endocrine disease characterized by low levels of circulating thyroid hormones. The prevalence of CH is 1 in 2000-3000 live births. Prevention of CH is based on prenatal diagnosis, carrier identification, and genetic counseling. In neonates a complete diagnosis of TD should include clinical examination, biochemical thyroid tests, thyroid ultrasound, radioiodine or technetium scintigraphy and perchlorate discharge test (PDT). Biosynthesis of thyroid hormones requires the presence of iodide, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), a supply of hydrogen peroxide (DUOX system), an iodine acceptor protein, thyroglobulin (TG), and the rescue and recycling of iodide by the action of iodotyrosine deiodinase or iodotyrosine dehalogenase 1 (IYD or DEHAL1). The iodide transport is a two-step process involving transporters located either in the basolateral or apical membranes, sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and pendrin (PDS), respectively. TD has been linked to mutations in the solute carrier family 5, member 5 transporter (SLC5A5, encoding NIS), solute carrier family 26, member 4 transporter (SLC26A4, encoding PDS), TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, TG and IYD genes. These mutations produce a heterogeneous spectrum of CH, with an autosomal recessive inheritance. Thereafter, the patients are usually homozygous or compound heterozygous for the gene mutations and the parents, carriers of one mutation. In the last two decades, considerable progress has been made in identifying the genetic and molecular causes of TD. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology allow the massive screening and facilitate the studies of phenotype variability. In this article we included the most recent data related to disorders caused by mutations in NIS, TPO, TG and IYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Targovnik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cintia E Citterio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina M Rivolta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología/Cátedra de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Abstract
After the identification of thyroid H2O2 generation system (DUOX) and of its maturation factors (DUOXA), defects in DUOX2 and/or DUOXA2 were rapidly recognized as the possible cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis. The present Review reports data on the prevalence of DUOX2 mutations, which is variable among different series but invariably high, pointing to DUOX2 defects as one of the leading causes of dyshormonogenesis. Differently, DUOXA defects seem to be rarely involved in the pathogenesis of CH. Genotype-phenotype correlations are also reported, highlighting the great intra- and inter-familial phenotype variability which appears to be a constant feature of the defects in the H2O2 generation systems. Finally, the hypotheses to explain the phenotypic variability of the DUOX2/A2 mutations are discussed, such as the existence of other H2O2 generating systems, the age variability in thyroid hormones requirements, the differences in ethnicity, in iodine intake, and in the methodological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Muzza
- Endocrine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Dept. of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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