1
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Mailhiot S, Peuravaara P, Egleston BD, Kearsey RJ, Mareš J, Komulainen S, Selent A, Kantola AM, Cooper AI, Vaara J, Greenaway RL, Lantto P, Telkki VV. Gas Uptake and Thermodynamics in Porous Liquids Elucidated by 129Xe NMR. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5323-5330. [PMID: 38724016 PMCID: PMC11129303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
We exploited 129Xe NMR to investigate xenon gas uptake and dynamics in a porous liquid formed by dissolving porous organic cages in a cavity-excluded solvent. Quantitative 129Xe NMR shows that when the amount of xenon added to the sample is lower than the amount of cages present (subsaturation), the porous liquid absorbs almost all xenon atoms from the gas phase, with 30% of the cages occupied with a Xe atom. A simple two-site exchange model enables an estimate of the chemical shift of 129Xe in the cages, which is in good agreement with the value provided by first-principles modeling. T2 relaxation times allow the determination of the exchange rate of Xe between the solvent and cage sites as well as the activation energies of the exchange. The 129Xe NMR analysis also enables determination of the free energy of confinement, and it shows that Xe binding is predominantly enthalpy-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
E. Mailhiot
- NMR
Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University
of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Peuravaara
- NMR
Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University
of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Benjamin D. Egleston
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Rachel J. Kearsey
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Jiří Mareš
- NMR
Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University
of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Komulainen
- NMR
Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University
of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne Selent
- NMR
Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University
of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu M. Kantola
- NMR
Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University
of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Juha Vaara
- NMR
Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University
of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Rebecca L. Greenaway
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Perttu Lantto
- NMR
Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University
of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville-Veikko Telkki
- NMR
Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University
of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
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2
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Wild JM, Gleeson FV, Svenningsen S, Grist JT, Saunders LC, Collier GJ, Sharma M, Tcherner S, Mozaffaripour A, Matheson AM, Parraga G. Review of Hyperpolarized Pulmonary Functional 129 Xe MR for Long-COVID. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1120-1134. [PMID: 37548112 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory consequences of acute COVID-19 infection and related symptoms tend to resolve 4 weeks post-infection. However, for some patients, new, recurrent, or persisting symptoms remain beyond the acute phase and persist for months, post-infection. The symptoms that remain have been referred to as long-COVID. A number of research sites employed 129 Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the pandemic and evaluated patients post-infection, months after hospitalization or home-based care as a way to better understand the consequences of infection on 129 Xe MR gas-exchange and ventilation imaging. A systematic review and comprehensive search were employed using MEDLINE via PubMed (April 2023) using the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings and key words: post-COVID-19, MRI, 129 Xe, long-COVID, COVID pneumonia, and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Fifteen peer-reviewed manuscripts were identified including four editorials, a single letter to the editor, one review article, and nine original research manuscripts (2020-2023). MRI and MR spectroscopy results are summarized from these prospective, controlled studies, which involved small sample sizes ranging from 9 to 76 participants. Key findings included: 1) 129 Xe MRI gas-exchange and ventilation abnormalities, 3 months post-COVID-19 infection, and 2) a combination of MRI gas-exchange and ventilation abnormalities alongside persistent symptoms in patients hospitalized and not hospitalized for COVID-19, 1-year post-infection. The persistence of respiratory symptoms and 129 Xe MRI abnormalities in the context of normal or nearly normal pulmonary function test results and chest computed tomography (CT) was consistent. Longitudinal improvements were observed in long-term follow-up of long-COVID patients but mean 129 Xe gas-exchange, ventilation heterogeneity values and symptoms remained abnormal, 1-year post-infection. Pulmonary functional MRI using inhaled hyperpolarized 129 Xe gas has played a role in detecting gas-exchange and ventilation abnormalities providing complementary information that may help develop our understanding of the root causes of long-COVID. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim M Wild
- POLARIS, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fergus V Gleeson
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Svenningsen
- Department of Medicine, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura C Saunders
- POLARIS, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Guilhem J Collier
- POLARIS, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maksym Sharma
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sam Tcherner
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Mozaffaripour
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander M Matheson
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Parraga
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Nantogma S, de Maissin H, Adelabu I, Abdurraheem A, Nelson C, Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Koptyug IV, Lehmkuhl S, Schmidt AB, Appelt S, Theis T, Chekmenev EY. Carbon-13 Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation of the Hyperpolarized Ketone and Hemiketal Forms of Allyl [1- 13C]Pyruvate. ACS Sens 2024; 9:770-780. [PMID: 38198709 PMCID: PMC10922715 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
13C hyperpolarized pyruvate is an emerging MRI contrast agent for sensing molecular events in cancer and other diseases with aberrant metabolic pathways. This metabolic contrast agent can be produced via several hyperpolarization techniques. Despite remarkable success in research settings, widespread clinical adoption faces substantial roadblocks because the current sensing technology utilized to sense this contrast agent requires the excitation of 13C nuclear spins that also need to be synchronized with MRI field gradient pulses. Here, we demonstrate sensing of hyperpolarized allyl [1-13C]pyruvate via the stimulated emission of radiation that mitigates the requirements currently blocking broader adoption. Specifically, 13C Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (13C RASER) was obtained after pairwise addition of parahydrogen to a pyruvate precursor, detected in a commercial inductive detector with a quality factor (Q) of 32 for sample concentrations as low as 0.125 M with 13C polarization of 4%. Moreover, parahydrogen-induced polarization allowed for the preparation of a mixture of ketone and hemiketal forms of hyperpolarized allyl [1-13C]pyruvate, which are separated by 10 ppm in 13C NMR spectra. This is a good model system to study the simultaneous 13C RASER signals of multiple 13C species. This system models the metabolic production of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate, which has a similar chemical shift difference. Our results show that 13C RASER signals can be obtained from both species simultaneously when the emission threshold is exceeded for both species. On the other hand, when the emission threshold is exceeded only for one of the hyperpolarized species, 13C stimulated emission is confined to this species only, therefore enabling the background-free detection of individual hyperpolarized 13C signals. The reported results pave the way to novel sensing approaches of 13C hyperpolarized pyruvate, potentially unlocking hyperpolarized 13C MRI on virtually any MRI system─an attractive vision for the future molecular imaging and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Henri de Maissin
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Abubakar Abdurraheem
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Christopher Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stephan Appelt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics - Electronic Systems (ZEA-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich D-52425, Germany
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint UNC & NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-Sciences (IBIO), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Batarchuk V, Shepelytskyi Y, Grynko V, Kovacs AH, Hodgson A, Rodriguez K, Aldossary R, Talwar T, Hasselbrink C, Ruset IC, DeBoef B, Albert MS. Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (HyperCEST) Molecular Imaging: Achievements and Future Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1939. [PMID: 38339217 PMCID: PMC10856220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging field that is set to revolutionize our perspective of disease diagnosis, treatment efficacy monitoring, and precision medicine in full concordance with personalized medicine. A wide range of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe biosensors have been recently developed, demonstrating their potential applications in molecular settings, and achieving notable success within in vitro studies. The favorable nuclear magnetic resonance properties of 129Xe, coupled with its non-toxic nature, high solubility in biological tissues, and capacity to dissolve in blood and diffuse across membranes, highlight its superior role for applications in molecular MRI settings. The incorporation of reporters that combine signal enhancement from both hyperpolarized 129Xe and chemical exchange saturation transfer holds the potential to address the primary limitation of low sensitivity observed in conventional MRI. This review provides a summary of the various applications of HP 129Xe biosensors developed over the last decade, specifically highlighting their use in MRI. Moreover, this paper addresses the evolution of in vivo applications of HP 129Xe, discussing its potential transition into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Batarchuk
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Vira Grynko
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
- Chemistry and Materials Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Antal Halen Kovacs
- Applied Life Science Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Aaron Hodgson
- Physics Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Karla Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
| | - Ruba Aldossary
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Tanu Talwar
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
| | - Carson Hasselbrink
- Chemistry & Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407-005, USA
| | | | - Brenton DeBoef
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Mitchell S. Albert
- Chemistry Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada; (V.B.)
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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5
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Ariyasingha NM, Samoilenko A, Birchall JR, Chowdhury MRH, Salnikov OG, Kovtunova LM, Bukhtiyarov VI, Zhu DC, Qian C, Bradley M, Gelovani JG, Koptyug IV, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Ultra-Low-Cost Disposable Hand-Held Clinical-Scale Propane Gas Hyperpolarizer for Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sensing. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3845-3854. [PMID: 37772716 PMCID: PMC10902876 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are revolutionizing the field of biomedical imaging. Hyperpolarized Xe-129 was recently FDA approved as an inhalable MRI contrast agent for functional lung imaging sensing. Despite success in research settings, modern Xe-129 hyperpolarizers are expensive (up to $1M), large, and complex to site and operate. Moreover, Xe-129 sensing requires specialized MRI hardware that is not commonly available on clinical MRI scanners. Here, we demonstrate that proton-hyperpolarized propane gas can be produced on demand using a disposable, hand-held, clinical-scale hyperpolarizer via parahydrogen-induced polarization, which relies on parahydrogen as a source of hyperpolarization. The device consists of a heterogeneous catalytic reactor connected to a gas mixture storage can containing pressurized hyperpolarization precursors: propylene and parahydrogen (10 bar total pressure). Once the built-in flow valve of the storage can is actuated, the precursors are ejected from the can into a reactor, and a stream of hyperpolarized propane gas is ejected from the reactor. Robust operation of the device is demonstrated for producing proton sensing polarization of 1.2% in a wide range of operational pressures and gas flow rates. We demonstrate that the propylene/parahydrogen gas mixture can retain potency for days in the storage can with a monoexponential decay time constant of 6.0 ± 0.5 days, which is limited by the lifetime of the parahydrogen singlet spin state in the storage container. The utility of the produced sensing agent is demonstrated for phantom imaging on a 3 T clinical MRI scanner located 100 miles from the agent/device preparation site and also for ventilation imaging of excised pig lungs using a 0.35 T clinical MRI scanner. The cost of the device components is less than $35, which we envision can be reduced to less than $5 for mass-scale production. The hyperpolarizer device can be reused, recycled, or disposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Anna Samoilenko
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Md Raduanul H Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa M Kovtunova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - David C Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Michael Bradley
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences, Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Bio-sciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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Hilla P, Vaara J. NMR chemical shift of confined 129Xe: coordination number, paramagnetic channels and molecular dynamics in a cryptophane-A biosensor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22719-22733. [PMID: 37606522 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02695g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in hyperpolarisation and indirect detection have enabled the development of xenon nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) biosensors (XBSs) for molecule-selective sensing in down to picomolar concentration. Cryptophanes (Crs) are popular cages for hosting the Xe "spy". Understanding the microscopic host-guest chemistry has remained a challenge in the XBS field. While early NMR computations of XBSs did not consider the important effects of host dynamics and explicit solvent, here we model the motionally averaged, relativistic NMR chemical shift (CS) of free Xe, Xe in a prototypic CrA cage and Xe in a water-soluble CrA derivative, each in an explicit H2O solvent, over system configurations generated at three different levels of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We confirm the "contact-type" character of the Xe CS, arising from the increased availability of paramagnetic channels, magnetic couplings between occupied and virtual orbitals through the short-ranged orbital hyperfine operator, when neighbouring atoms are in contact with Xe. Remarkably, the Xe CS in the present, highly dynamic and conformationally flexible situations is found to depend linearly on the coordination number of the Xe atom. We interpret the high- and low-CS situations in terms of the magnetic absorption spectrum and choose our preference among the used MD methods based on comparison with the experimental CS. We check the role of spin-orbit coupling by comparing with fully relativistic CS calculations. The study outlines the computational workflow required to realistically model the CS of Xe confined in dynamic cavity structures under experimental conditions, and contributes to microscopic understanding of XBSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Hilla
- NMR Research Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Vaara
- NMR Research Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
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7
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Xenon Induces Its Own Preferred Heterochiral Host from Exclusive Homochiral Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22884-22889. [PMID: 36480928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Xenon binding represents a formidable challenge, and efficient hosts remain rare. Here we report our findings that while enantiomeric bis(urea)-bis(thiourea) macrocycles form exclusive homochiral dimeric assemblies, xenon is able to overcome the narcissism and induces an otherwise-nonobservable heterochiral assembly as its preferred host. An experimental approach and fitting model were developed to obtain binding constants associated with the invisible assembly species. The determined xenon binding affinity with the heterochiral capsule reaches 1600 M-1, which is 15 times higher than that with the homochiral capsule and represents the highest record for an assembled host. The origin of the large difference in xenon affinity between the two subtle diastereotopic assemblies was revealed by single-crystal analysis. In the heterochiral capsule with S4 symmetry, the xenon atom is more tightly enclosed by van der Waals surroundings of the four thiourea groups arranged in a spherical cross-array, superior to the antiparallel array in the homochiral capsule with D2 symmetry.
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8
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Trepakova AI, Skovpin IV, Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Chekmenev EY, Pravdivtsev AN, Hövener JB, Koptyug IV. Subsecond Three-Dimensional Nitrogen-15 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Facilitated by Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10253-10260. [PMID: 36301252 PMCID: PMC9983028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides unique information about the internal structure and function of living organisms in a non-invasive way. The use of conventional proton MRI for the observation of real-time metabolism is hampered by the dominant signals of water and fat, which are abundant in living organisms. Heteronuclear MRI in conjunction with the hyperpolarization methods does not encounter this issue. In this work, we polarized 15N nuclei of [15N1]fampridine (a drug used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis) to the level of 4% in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and 0.7% in MRI studies using spin-lock-induced crossing combined with signal amplification by reversible exchange. Consequently, three-dimensional 15N MRI of the hyperpolarized 15N-labeled drug was acquired in 0.1 s with a signal-to-noise ratio of 70. In addition, the NMR signal enhancements for 15N-enriched fampridine and fampridine with a natural abundance of 15N nuclei were compared and an explanation for their difference was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I. Trepakova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, 10 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Skovpin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 14 Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Universität Kiel, 14 Am Botanischen Garten, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Universität Kiel, 14 Am Botanischen Garten, Kiel, 24118, Germany
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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9
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Hilla P, Vaara J. Energetics and exchange of xenon and water in a prototypic cryptophane-A biosensor structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17946-17950. [PMID: 35748333 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A microscopic description of the energetics and dynamics of xenon NMR biosensors can be experimentally difficult to achieve. We conduct molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations of a prototypical Xe@cryptophane-A biosensor in an explicit water solvent. We compute the non-covalent Xe binding energy, identify the complexation mechanism of Xe, and calculate the exchange dynamics of water molecules between the solution and the host. Three distinct, hitherto unreported Xe exchange processes are identified, and water molecules initialize each one. The obtained binding energies support the existing literature. The residence times and energetics of water guests are reported. An empty host does not remain empty, but is occupied by water. The results contribute to the understanding and development of Xe biosensors based on cryptophane derivatives and alternative host structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Hilla
- NMR Research Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Vaara
- NMR Research Unit, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
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10
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Jayapaul J, Komulainen S, Zhivonitko VV, Mareš J, Giri C, Rissanen K, Lantto P, Telkki VV, Schröder L. Hyper-CEST NMR of metal organic polyhedral cages reveals hidden diastereomers with diverse guest exchange kinetics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1708. [PMID: 35361759 PMCID: PMC8971460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Guest capture and release are important properties of self-assembling nanostructures. Over time, a significant fraction of guests might engage in short-lived states with different symmetry and stereoselectivity and transit frequently between multiple environments, thereby escaping common spectroscopy techniques. Here, we investigate the cavity of an iron-based metal organic polyhedron (Fe-MOP) using spin-hyperpolarized 129Xe Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (hyper-CEST) NMR. We report strong signals unknown from previous studies that persist under different perturbations. On-the-fly delivery of hyperpolarized gas yields CEST signatures that reflect different Xe exchange kinetics from multiple environments. Dilute pools with ~ 104-fold lower spin numbers than reported for directly detected hyperpolarized nuclei are readily detected due to efficient guest turnover. The system is further probed by instantaneous and medium timescale perturbations. Computational modeling indicates that these signals originate likely from Xe bound to three Fe-MOP diastereomers (T, C3, S4). The symmetry thus induces steric effects with aperture size changes that tunes selective spin manipulation as it is employed in CEST MRI agents and, potentially, impacts other processes occurring on the millisecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jiří Mareš
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology (MIPT), University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Chandan Giri
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Perttu Lantto
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | | | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Division of Translational Molecular Imaging, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Pilot Quality-Assurance Study of a Third-Generation Batch-Mode Clinical-Scale Automated Xenon-129 Hyperpolarizer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041327. [PMID: 35209116 PMCID: PMC8879294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a pilot quality assurance (QA) study of a clinical-scale, automated, third-generation (GEN-3) 129Xe hyperpolarizer employing batch-mode spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) with high-Xe densities (50% natural abundance Xe and 50% N2 in ~2.6 atm total pressure sourced from Nova Gas Technologies) and rapid temperature ramping enabled by an aluminum heating jacket surrounding the 0.5 L SEOP cell. 129Xe hyperpolarization was performed over the course of 700 gas loading cycles of the SEOP cell, simulating long-term hyperpolarized contrast agent production in a clinical lung imaging setting. High levels of 129Xe polarization (avg. %PXe = 51.0% with standard deviation σPXe = 3.0%) were recorded with fast 129Xe polarization build-up time constants (avg. Tb = 25.1 min with standard deviation σTb = 3.1 min) across the first 500 SEOP cell refills, using moderate temperatures of 75 °C. These results demonstrate a more than 2-fold increase in build-up rate relative to previously demonstrated results in a comparable QA study on a second-generation (GEN-2) 129Xe hyperpolarizer device, with only a minor reduction in maximum achievable %PXe and with greater consistency over a larger number of SEOP cell refill processes at a similar polarization lifetime duration (avg. T1 = 82.4 min, standard deviation σT1 = 10.8 min). Additionally, the effects of varying SEOP jacket temperatures, distribution of Rb metal, and preparation and operation of the fluid path are quantified in the context of device installation, performance optimization and maintenance to consistently produce high 129Xe polarization values, build-up rates (Tb as low as 6 min) and lifetimes over the course of a typical high-throughput 129Xe polarization SEOP cell life cycle. The results presented further demonstrate the significant potential for hyperpolarized 129Xe contrast agent in imaging and bio-sensing applications on a clinical scale.
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12
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Eills J, Hale W, Utz M. Synergies between Hyperpolarized NMR and Microfluidics: A Review. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 128:44-69. [PMID: 35282869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and lab-on-a-chip microfluidics are two dynamic, but until recently quite distinct, fields of research. Recent developments in both areas increased their synergistic overlap. By microfluidic integration, many complex experimental steps can be brought together onto a single platform. Microfluidic devices are therefore increasingly finding applications in medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and biomedical research. In particular, they provide novel and powerful ways to culture cells, cell aggregates, and even functional models of entire organs. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a non-invasive, high-resolution spectroscopic technique which allows real-time process monitoring with chemical specificity. It is ideally suited for observing metabolic and other biological and chemical processes in microfluidic systems. However, its intrinsically low sensitivity has limited its application. Recent advances in nuclear hyperpolarization techniques may change this: under special circumstances, it is possible to enhance NMR signals by up to 5 orders of magnitude, which dramatically extends the utility of NMR in the context of microfluidic systems. Hyperpolarization requires complex chemical and/or physical manipulations, which in turn may benefit from microfluidic implementation. In fact, many hyperpolarization methodologies rely on processes that are more efficient at the micro-scale, such as molecular diffusion, penetration of electromagnetic radiation into a sample, or restricted molecular mobility on a surface. In this review we examine the confluence between the fields of hyperpolarization-enhanced NMR and microfluidics, and assess how these areas of research have mutually benefited one another, and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - William Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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13
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Mitschang L, Korchak S, Kilian W, Riemer T. Comprehensive Quantitative and Calibration-Free Evaluation of Hyperpolarized Xenon-Host Interaction by Multiparametric NMR. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2561-2568. [PMID: 35089685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The probing of microscopic environments by hyperpolarized xenon NMR has spurred investigations in supramolecular chemistry as well as important biosensing and molecular imaging applications. While xenon exchange with host structures at micromolar concentrations and below can be readily detected, a quantitative analysis is limited, requiring complementary experimentation by different methodologies and thus lacking completeness and compromising the validity and comparability of numerical results. Here, a new NMR measurement and data analysis approach is introduced for the comprehensive characterization of the host-xenon binding dynamics. The application of chemical exchange saturation transfer of hyperpolarized 129Xe under parametric modulation of the saturation RF amplitude and xenon gas saturation of the solution enables a delineation of exchange mechanisms and, through modeling, a numerical estimation of the various reaction rate constants (and thus magnetization exchange rate constants), the xenon affinity, and the total host molecule concentration. Only the numerical xenon solubility is additionally required for input, a quantity that has a low impact on the measurement uncertainty and is derivable from metrological data collections. Signal calibration by a reference material may thus be avoided, qualifying the method as calibration-free. For demonstration a xenon exchange with the host cucurbit[6]uril at low concentration is investigated, with the numerical results being validated by standard quantitative NMR data obtained at high concentration. The readiness to evaluate xenon exchange for the one sample at hand and in a single experimental attempt by the proposed method may allow comprehensive quantitative studies in supramolecular chemistry, biomacromolecular structure and dynamics, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Mitschang
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey Korchak
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kilian
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig und Berlin (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Riemer
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Department, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Doll M, Berthault P, Léonce E, Boutin C, Jeanneau E, Brotin T, De Rycke N. Study of syn and anti Xenon-Cryptophanes Complexes Decorated with Aromatic Amine Groups: Chemical Platforms for Accessing New Cryptophanes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2912-2920. [PMID: 35080182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of C3-symmetric cryptophanes decorated with three aromatic amine groups on the same CTB cap and their interaction with xenon. The relative stereochemistry of these two stereoisomers syn and anti was assessed thanks to the determination of the X-ray structure of an intermediate compound. As previously observed with the tris-aza-cryptophanes analogs anti-1 and syn-2 (J. Org. Chem. 2021, 86, 11, 7648-7658), both compounds anti-5 and syn-6 show a slow in-out exchange dynamics of xenon at 11.7 T. Our work supports the idea that the presence of nitrogen atoms grafted directly onto the cryptophane backbone has a strong impact on the in-out exchange dynamics of xenon whatever their stereochemistry. This result contrasts with the case of other cryptophanes decorated solely with methoxy substituents. Finally, we demonstrate that these new derivatives can be used to design new anti/syn cryptophanes bearing suitable ligands in order to constitute potent 129Xe NMR-based sensors. An example is reported here with the synthesis of the tris-iodo derivatives anti-13 and syn-14 from compounds anti-5 and syn-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Doll
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Estelle Léonce
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Boutin
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université de Lyon 1, 5 rue la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas De Rycke
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, F69342 Lyon, France
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15
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Zeng Q, Guo Q, Yuan Y, Wang B, Sui M, Lou X, Bouchard LS, Zhou X. Ultrasensitive molecular building block for biothiol NMR detection at picomolar concentrations. iScience 2021; 24:103515. [PMID: 34934931 PMCID: PMC8661548 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides structural and functional information, but it did not probe chemistry. Chemical information could help improve specificity of detection. Herein, we introduce a general method based on a modular design to construct a molecular building block Xe probe to help image intracellular biothiols (glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy)), the abnormal content of which is related to various diseases. This molecular building block possesses a high signal-to-noise ratio and no background signal effects. Its detection threshold was 100 pM, which enabled detection of intracellular biothiols in live cells. The construction strategy can be easily extended to the detection of any other biomolecule or biomarker. This modular design strategy promotes efficiency of development of low-cost multifunctional probes that can be combined with other readout parameters, such as optical readouts, to complement 129Xe MRI to usher in new capabilities for molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qianni Guo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Baolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Meiju Sui
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P. R. China
| | - Louis-S. Bouchard
- California Nano Systems Institute, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Molecular Biology Institute, Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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16
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Khan AS, Harvey RL, Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Nikolaou P, Schrank G, Emami K, Dummer A, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Enabling Clinical Technologies for Hyperpolarized 129 Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22126-22147. [PMID: 34018297 PMCID: PMC8478785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is a technique that can increase nuclear spin polarization with the corresponding gains in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals by 4-8 orders of magnitude. When this process is applied to biologically relevant samples, the hyperpolarized molecules can be used as exogenous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. A technique called spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) can be applied to hyperpolarize noble gases such as 129 Xe. Techniques based on hyperpolarized 129 Xe are poised to revolutionize clinical lung imaging, offering a non-ionizing, high-contrast alternative to computed tomography (CT) imaging and conventional proton MRI. Moreover, CT and conventional proton MRI report on lung tissue structure but provide little functional information. On the other hand, when a subject breathes hyperpolarized 129 Xe gas, functional lung images reporting on lung ventilation, perfusion and diffusion with 3D readout can be obtained in seconds. In this Review, the physics of SEOP is discussed and the different production modalities are explained in the context of their clinical application. We also briefly compare SEOP to other hyperpolarization methods and conclude this paper with the outlook for biomedical applications of hyperpolarized 129 Xe to lung imaging and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alixander S Khan
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rebecca L Harvey
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonathan R Birchall
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Geoffry Schrank
- Northrup Grumman Space Systems, 45101 Warp Drive, Sterling, VA, 20166, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
- Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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17
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Cohen Y, Slovak S, Avram L. Solution NMR of synthetic cavity containing supramolecular systems: what have we learned on and from? Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8856-8884. [PMID: 34486595 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NMR has been instrumental in studies of both the structure and dynamics of molecular systems for decades, so it is not surprising that NMR has played a pivotal role in the study of host-guest complexes and supramolecular systems. In this mini-review, selected examples will be used to demonstrate the added value of using (multiparametric) NMR for studying macrocycle-based host-guest and supramolecular systems. We will restrict the discussion to synthetic host systems having a cavity that can engulf their guests thus restricting them into confined spaces. So discussion of selected examples of cavitands, cages, capsules and their complexes, aggregates and polymers as well as organic cages and porous liquids and other porous materials will be used to demonstrate the insights that have been gathered from the extracted NMR parameters when studying such systems emphasizing the information obtained from somewhat less routine NMR methods such as diffusion NMR, diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and their variants. These selected examples demonstrate the impact that the results and findings from these NMR studies have had on our understanding of such systems and on the developments in various research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoram Cohen
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 699781, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Sarit Slovak
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 699781, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Liat Avram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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18
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Chukanov NV, Shchepin RV, Joshi SM, Kabir MSH, Salnikov OG, Svyatova A, Koptyug IV, Gelovani JG, Chekmenev EY. Synthetic Approaches for 15 N-Labeled Hyperpolarized Heterocyclic Molecular Imaging Agents for 15 N NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange in Microtesla Magnetic Fields. Chemistry 2021; 27:9727-9736. [PMID: 33856077 PMCID: PMC8273115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
NMR hyperpolarization techniques enhance nuclear spin polarization by several orders of magnitude resulting in corresponding sensitivity gains. This enormous sensitivity gain enables new applications ranging from studies of small molecules by using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy to real-time metabolic imaging in vivo. Several hyperpolarization techniques exist for hyperpolarization of a large repertoire of nuclear spins, although the 13 C and 15 N sites of biocompatible agents are the key targets due to their widespread use in biochemical pathways. Moreover, their long T1 allows hyperpolarized states to be retained for up to tens of minutes. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a low-cost and ultrafast hyperpolarization technique that has been shown to be versatile for the hyperpolarization of 15 N nuclei. Although large sensitivity gains are enabled by hyperpolarization, 15 N natural abundance is only ∼0.4 %, so isotopic labeling of the molecules to be hyperpolarized is required in order to take full advantage of the hyperpolarized state. Herein, we describe selected advances in the preparation of 15 N-labeled compounds with the primary emphasis on using these compounds for SABRE polarization in microtesla magnetic fields through spontaneous polarization transfer from parahydrogen. Also, these principles can certainly be applied for hyperpolarization of these emerging contrast agents using dynamic nuclear polarization and other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Sameer M Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mohammad S H Kabir
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentiev Prospekt 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, Institutskaya St. 3A, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Entwicklung molekularer Sonden für die hyperpolarisierte NMR‐Bildgebung im biologischen Bereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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20
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McHugh CT, Durham PG, Kelley M, Dayton PA, Branca RT. Magnetic Resonance Detection of Gas Microbubbles via HyperCEST: A Path Toward Dual Modality Contrast Agent. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1219-1228. [PMID: 33852753 PMCID: PMC8494452 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gas microbubbles are an established clinical ultrasound contrast agent. They could also become a powerful magnetic resonance (MR) intravascular contrast agent, but their low susceptibility-induced contrast requires high circulating concentrations or the addition of exogenous paramagnetic nanoparticles for MR detection. In order to detect clinical in vivo concentrations of raw microbubbles via MR, an alternative detection scheme must be used. HyperCEST is an NMR technique capable of indirectly detecting signals from very dilute molecules (concentrations well below the NMR detection threshold) that exchange hyperpolarized 129 Xe. Here, we use quantitative hyperCEST to show that microbubbles are very efficient hyperCEST agents. They can accommodate and saturate millions of 129 Xe atoms at a time, allowing for their indirect detection at concentrations as low as 10 femtomolar. The increased MR sensitivity to microbubbles achieved via hyperCEST can bridge the gap for microbubbles to become a dual modality contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T. McHugh
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Phillip G. Durham
- Department of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, The University of North arolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Michele Kelley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Paul A. Dayton
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Rosa T. Branca
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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21
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Khan AS, Harvey RL, Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Nikolaou P, Schrank G, Emami K, Dummer A, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Enabling Clinical Technologies for Hyperpolarized
129
Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alixander S. Khan
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Rebecca L. Harvey
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Jonathan R. Birchall
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit MI 48202 USA
| | - Robert K. Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Geoffry Schrank
- Northrup Grumman Space Systems 45101 Warp Drive Sterling VA 20166 USA
| | | | | | - Michael J. Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Boyd M. Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Southern Illinois University 1245 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL 62901 USA
- Materials Technology Center Southern Illinois University 1245 Lincoln Drive Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Intergrative Biosciences (Ibio) Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) 5101 Cass Avenue Detroit MI 48202 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences Leninskiy Prospekt 14 Moscow 119991 Russia
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22
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Doll M, Berthault P, Léonce E, Boutin C, Buffeteau T, Daugey N, Vanthuyne N, Jean M, Brotin T, De Rycke N. Are the Physical Properties of Xe@Cryptophane Complexes Easily Predictable? The Case of syn- and anti-Tris-aza-Cryptophanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7648-7658. [PMID: 34033483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and optical resolution of C3-symmetrical tris-aza-cryptophanes anti-3 and syn-4, as well as the study of their interaction with xenon via hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR. These molecular cages are close structural analogues of the two well-known cryptophane-A (1; chiral) and cryptophane-B (2; achiral) diastereomers since these new compounds differ only by the presence of three nitrogen atoms grafted onto the same cyclotribenzylene unit. The assignment of their relative (syn vs anti) and absolute configurations was made possible, thanks to the combined use of quantum calculations at the density functional theory level and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy. More importantly, our results show that despite the large structural similarities with cryptophane-A (1) and -B (2), these two new compounds show a very different behavior in the presence of xenon in organic solutions. These results demonstrate that prediction of the physical properties of the xenon@cryptophane complexes, only based on structural parameters, remains extremely difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Doll
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS Lyon, (UMR 5182 CNRS-ENS-Université), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (UMR 3685 CEA-CNRS), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Estelle Léonce
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (UMR 3685 CEA-CNRS), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Boutin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (UMR 3685 CEA-CNRS), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255-Université-CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Nicolas Daugey
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (UMR 5255-Université-CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS Lyon, (UMR 5182 CNRS-ENS-Université), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas De Rycke
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'ENS Lyon, (UMR 5182 CNRS-ENS-Université), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F69342 Lyon, France
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23
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Molecular Probes for Hyperpolarized Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14779-14799. [PMID: 32372551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization has emerged as a method to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy. By application of this powerful tool, small molecules with stable isotopes have been used for highly sensitive biomedical molecular imaging. The recent development of molecular probes for hyperpolarized in vivo analysis has demonstrated the ability of this technique to provide unique metabolic and physiological information. This review presents a brief introduction of hyperpolarization technology, approaches to the rational design of molecular probes for hyperpolarized analysis, and examples of molecules that have met with success in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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24
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Shapiro MG. Reporter Genes for Ultrasound and MRI. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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25
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Xenon binding by a tight yet adaptive chiral soft capsule. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6257. [PMID: 33288758 PMCID: PMC7721739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenon binding has attracted interest due to the potential for xenon separation and emerging applications in magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to their covalent counterparts, assembled hosts that are able to effectively bind xenon are rare. Here, we report a tight yet soft chiral macrocycle dimeric capsule for efficient and adaptive xenon binding in both crystal form and solution. The chiral bisurea-bisthiourea macrocycle can be easily synthesized in multi-gram scale. Through assembly, the flexible macrocycles are locked in a bowl-shaped conformation and buckled to each other, wrapping up a tight, completely sealed yet adjustable cavity suitable for xenon, with a very high affinity for an assembled host. A slow-exchange process and drastic spectral changes are observed in both 1H and 129Xe NMR. With the easy synthesis, modification and reversible characteristics, we believe the robust yet adaptive assembly system may find applications in xenon sequestration and magnetic resonance imaging-based biosensing.
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26
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Tennant T, Hulme MC, Robertson TBR, Sutcliffe OB, Mewis RE. Benchtop NMR analysis of piperazine-based drugs hyperpolarised by SABRE. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:1151-1159. [PMID: 31945193 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine-based drugs, such as N-benzylpiperazine (BZP), became attractive in the 2000s due to possessing effects similar to amphetamines. Herein, BZP, in addition to its pyridyl analogues, 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridylmethylpiperidine (2-PMP, 3-PMP, and 4-PMP respectively) was subjected to the hyperpolarisation technique Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) in order to demonstrate the use of this technique to detect these piperazine-based drugs. Although BZP was not hyperpolarised via SABRE, 2-PMP, 3-PMP, and 4-PMP were, with the ortho- and meta-pyridyl protons of 4-PMP showing the largest enhancement of 313-fold and 267-fold, respectively, in a 1.4-T detection field, following polarisation transfer at Earth's magnetic field. In addition to the freebase, 4-PMP.3HCl was also appraised by SABRE and was found not to polarise, however, the addition of increasing equivalents of triethylamine (TEA) produced the freebase, with a maximum enhancement observed upon the addition of 3 equivalents of TEA. Further addition of TEA led to a reduction in the observed enhancement. SABRE was also employed to polarise 4-PMP.3HCl (~20% w/w) in a simulated tablet to demonstrate the forensic application of the technique (138-fold enhancement for the ortho-pyridyl protons). The amount of 4-PMP.3HCl present in the simulated tablet was quantified via NMR using D2 O as a solvent and compared well to complimentary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data. Exchanging D2 O for CD3 OD as the solvent utilised for analysis resulted in a significantly lower amount of 4-PMP.3HCl being determined, thus highlighting safeguarding issues linked to drug abuse in relation to determining the amount of active pharmaceutical ingredient present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tennant
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew C Hulme
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas B R Robertson
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Oliver B Sutcliffe
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- MANchester DRug Analysis and Knowledge Exchange, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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27
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Fernando PUI, Shepelytskyi Y, Cesana PT, Wade A, Grynko V, Mendieta AM, Seveney LE, Brown JD, Hane FT, Albert MS, DeBoef B. Decacationic Pillar[5]arene: A New Scaffold for the Development of 129Xe MRI Imaging Agents. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27783-27788. [PMID: 33163761 PMCID: PMC7643082 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A decacationic water-soluble pillar[5]arene possessing a nonsolvated hydrophobic core has been designed and synthesized. This supramolecular host is capable of binding xenon, as evidenced by hyperCEST depletion experiments. Fluorescence-based studies also demonstrate that xenon binds into the cavity of the pillararene with an association constant of 4.6 × 103 M-1. These data indicate that the water-soluble pillararene is a potential scaffold for building contrast agents that can be detected by xenon-129 magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. U.
Ashvin I. Fernando
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
- U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Yurii Shepelytskyi
- Department
of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Paul T. Cesana
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Alanna Wade
- Department
of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Vira Grynko
- Department
of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Adriana M. Mendieta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Lauren E. Seveney
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joseph D. Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
- United
States Coast Guard Academy, 31 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Francis T. Hane
- Thunder
Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder
Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Mitchell S. Albert
- Department
of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
- Thunder
Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder
Bay, Ontario P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Brenton DeBoef
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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28
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Molecular Sensing with Host Systems for Hyperpolarized 129Xe. Molecules 2020; 25:E4627. [PMID: 33050669 PMCID: PMC7587211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters. This review summarizes developments in biosensor design and synthesis for achieving molecular sensing with NMR at unprecedented sensitivity. Aspects regarding Xe exchange kinetics and chemical engineering of various classes of hosts for an efficient build-up of the CEST effect will also be discussed as well as the cavity design of host molecules to identify a pool of bound Xe. The concept is presented in the broader context of reporter design with insights from other modalities that are helpful for advancing the field of Xe biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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29
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Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Fekete M, Duckett SB, Theis T, Joalland B, Chekmenev EY. Parawasserstoff‐induzierte Hyperpolarisation von Gasen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
- Department of Natural Sciences Novosibirsk State University Pirogova St. 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russland
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM) University of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM) University of York Heslington York YO10 5NY UK
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695-8204 USA
| | - Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Leninskiy Prospekt 14 Moscow 119991 Russland
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30
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Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Fekete M, Duckett SB, Theis T, Joalland B, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen-Induced Hyperpolarization of Gases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17788-17797. [PMID: 31972061 PMCID: PMC7453723 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Imaging of gases is a major challenge for any modality including MRI. NMR and MRI signals are directly proportional to the nuclear spin density and the degree of alignment of nuclear spins with applied static magnetic field, which is called nuclear spin polarization. The level of nuclear spin polarization is typically very low, i.e., one hundred thousandth of the potential maximum at 1.5 T and a physiologically relevant temperature. As a result, MRI typically focusses on imaging highly concentrated tissue water. Hyperpolarization methods transiently increase nuclear spin polarizations up to unity, yielding corresponding gains in MRI signal level of several orders of magnitude that enable the 3D imaging of dilute biomolecules including gases. Parahydrogen-induced polarization is a fast, highly scalable, and low-cost hyperpolarization technique. The focus of this Minireview is to highlight selected advances in the field of parahydrogen-induced polarization for the production of hyperpolarized compounds, which can be potentially employed as inhalable contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NY, UK
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance (CHyM), University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NY, UK
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-8204, USA
| | - Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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31
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Du K, Zemerov SD, Hurtado Parra S, Kikkawa JM, Dmochowski IJ. Paramagnetic Organocobalt Capsule Revealing Xenon Host-Guest Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13831-13844. [PMID: 32207611 PMCID: PMC7672707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated Xe binding in a previously reported paramagnetic metal-organic tetrahedral capsule, [Co4L6]4-, where L2- = 4,4'-bis[(2-pyridinylmethylene)amino][1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-disulfonate. The Xe-inclusion complex, [XeCo4L6]4-, was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy to be the dominant species in aqueous solution saturated with Xe gas. The measured Xe dissociation rate in [XeCo4L6]4-, koff = 4.45(5) × 102 s-1, was at least 40 times greater than that in the analogous [XeFe4L6]4- complex, highlighting the capability of metal-ligand interactions to tune the capsule size and guest permeability. The rapid exchange of 129Xe nuclei in [XeCo4L6]4- produced significant hyperpolarized 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (hyper-CEST) NMR signal at 298 K, detected at a concentration of [XeCo4L6]4- as low as 100 pM, with presaturation at -89 ppm, which was referenced to solvated 129Xe in H2O. The saturation offset was highly temperature-dependent with a slope of -0.41(3) ppm/K, which is attributed to hyperfine interactions between the encapsulated 129Xe nucleus and electron spins on the four CoII centers. As such, [XeCo4L6]4- represents the first example of a paramagnetic hyper-CEST (paraHYPERCEST) sensor. Remarkably, the hyper-CEST 129Xe NMR resonance for [XeCo4L6]4- (δ = -89 ppm) was shifted 105 ppm upfield from the diamagnetic analogue [XeFe4L6]4- (δ = +16 ppm). The Xe inclusion complex was further characterized in the crystal structure of (C(NH2)3)4[Xe0.7Co4L6]·75 H2O (1). Hydrogen bonding between capsule-linker sulfonate groups and exogenous guanidinium cations, (C(NH2)3)+, stabilized capsule-capsule interactions in the solid state and also assisted in trapping a Xe atom (∼42 Å3) in the large (135 Å3) cavity of 1. Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed the presence of four noninteracting, magnetically anisotropic high-spin CoII centers in 1. Furthermore, [Co4L6]4- was found to be stable toward aggregation and oxidation, and the CEST performance of [XeCo4L6]4- was unaffected by biological macromolecules in H2O. These results recommend metal-organic capsules for fundamental investigations of Xe host-guest chemistry as well as applications with highly sensitive 129Xe-based sensors.
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Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Nikolaou P, Coffey AM, Kidd BE, Murphy M, Molway M, Bales LB, Ranta K, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY. XeUS: A second-generation automated open-source batch-mode clinical-scale hyperpolarizer. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 319:106813. [PMID: 32932118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a second-generation open-source automated batch-mode 129Xe hyperpolarizer (XeUS GEN-2), designed for clinical-scale hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe production via spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) in the regimes of high Xe density (0.66-2.5 atm partial pressure) and resonant photon flux (~170 W, Δλ = 0.154 nm FWHM), without the need for cryo-collection typically employed by continuous-flow hyperpolarizers. An Arduino micro-controller was used for hyperpolarizer operation. Processing open-source software was employed to program a custom graphical user interface (GUI), capable of remote automation. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) was used to design a variety of customized automation sequences such as temperature ramping, NMR signal acquisition, and SEOP cell refilling for increased reliability. A polycarbonate 3D-printed oven equipped with a thermo-electric cooler/heater provides thermal stability for SEOP for both binary (Xe/N2) and ternary (4He-containing) SEOP cell gas mixtures. Quantitative studies of the 129Xe hyperpolarization process demonstrate that near-unity polarization can be achieved in a 0.5 L SEOP cell. For example, %PXe of 93.2 ± 2.9% is achieved at 0.66 atm Xe pressure with polarization build-up rate constant γSEOP = 0.040 ± 0.005 min-1, giving a max dose equivalent ≈ 0.11 L/h 100% hyperpolarized, 100% enriched 129Xe; %PXe of 72.6 ± 1.4% is achieved at 1.75 atm Xe pressure with γSEOP of 0.041 ± 0.001 min-1, yielding a corresponding max dose equivalent of 0.27 L/h. Quality assurance studies on this device have demonstrated the potential to refill SEOP cells hundreds of times without significant losses in performance, with average %PXe = 71.7%, (standard deviation σP = 1.52%) and mean polarization lifetime T1 = 90.5 min, (standard deviation σT = 10.3 min) over the first ~200 gas mixture refills, with sufficient performance maintained across a further ~700 refills. These findings highlight numerous technological developments and have significant translational relevance for efficient production of gaseous HP 129Xe contrast agents for use in clinical imaging and bio-sensing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Bryce E Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Megan Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Michael Molway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Liana B Bales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States; Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, United States; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Du K, Zemerov SD, Carroll PJ, Dmochowski IJ. Paramagnetic Shifts and Guest Exchange Kinetics in Co nFe 4-n Metal-Organic Capsules. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12758-12767. [PMID: 32851844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the magnetic resonance properties and exchange kinetics of guest molecules in a series of hetero-bimetallic capsules, [ConFe4-nL6]4- (n = 1-3), where L2- = 4,4'-bis[(2-pyridinylmethylene)amino]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-disulfonate. H bond networks between capsule sulfonates and guanidinium cations promote the crystallization of [ConFe4-nL6]4-. The following four isostructural crystals are reported: two guest-free forms, (C(NH2)3)4[Co1.8Fe2.2L6]·69H2O (1) and (C(NH2)3)4[Co2.7Fe1.3L6]·73H2O (2), and two Xe- and CFCl3-encapsulated forms, (C(NH2)3)4[(Xe)0.8Co1.8Fe2.2L6]·69H2O (3) and (C(NH2)3)4[(CFCl3)Co2.0Fe2.0L6]·73H2O (4), respectively. Structural analyses reveal that Xe induces negligible structural changes in 3, while the angles between neighboring phenyl groups expand by ca. 3° to accommodate the much larger guest, CFCl3, in 4. These guest-encapsulated [ConFe4-nL6]4- molecules reveal 129Xe and 19F chemical shift changes of ca. -22 and -10 ppm at 298 K, respectively, per substitution of low-spin FeII by high-spin CoII. Likewise, the temperature dependence of the 129Xe and 19F NMR resonances increases by 0.1 and 0.06 ppm/K, respectively, with each additional paramagnetic CoII center. The optimal temperature for hyperpolarized (hp) 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (hyper-CEST) with [ConFe4-nL6]4- capsules was found to be inversely proportional to the number of CoII centers, n, which is consistent with the Xe chemical exchange accelerating as the portals expand. The systematic study was facilitated by the tunability of the [M4L6]4- capsules, further highlighting these metal-organic systems for developing responsive sensors with highly shifted 129Xe resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Serge D Zemerov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Birchall JR, Irwin RK, Nikolaou P, Pokochueva EV, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM, Chekmenev EY. Pilot multi-site quality assurance study of batch-mode clinical-scale automated xenon-129 hyperpolarizers. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 316:106755. [PMID: 32512397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a pilot quality assurance (QA) study of spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) performed on two nearly identical second-generation (GEN-2) automated batch-mode clinical-scale 129Xe hyperpolarizers, each utilizing a convective forced air oven, high-power (~170 W) continuous pump laser irradiation, and xenon-rich gas mixtures (~1.30 atm partial pressure). In one study, the repeatability of SEOP in a 1000 Torr Xe/900 Torr N2/100 Torr 4He (2000 Torr total pressure) gas mixture is evaluated over the course of ~700 gas loading cycles, with negligible decrease in performance during the first ~200 cycles, and with high 129Xe polarization levels (avg. %PXe = 71.7% with standard deviation σPXe = 1.5%), build-up rates (avg. γSEOP = 0.019 min-1 with standard deviation σγ = 0.003 min-1) and polarization lifetimes (avg. T1 = 90.5 min with standard deviation σT = 10.3 min) reported at moderate oven temperature of ~70 °C. Although the SEOP cell in this study exhibited a detectable performance decrease after 400 cycles, the cell continued to produce potentially useable HP 129Xe with %PXe = 42.3 ± 0.6% even after nearly 700 refill cycles. The possibility of "regenerating" "dormant" (i.e., not used for an extended period of time) SEOP cells using repeated temperature cycling methods to recover %PXe is also demonstrated. The quality and consistency of results show significant promise for translation to clinical-scale production of hyperpolarized 129Xe contrast agents for imaging and bio-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ekaterina V Pokochueva
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Street 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States; Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Birchall JR, Nikolaou P, Coffey AM, Kidd BE, Murphy M, Molway M, Bales LB, Goodson BM, Irwin RK, Barlow MJ, Chekmenev EY. Batch-Mode Clinical-Scale Optical Hyperpolarization of Xenon-129 Using an Aluminum Jacket with Rapid Temperature Ramping. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4309-4316. [PMID: 32073251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We present spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) using a third-generation (GEN-3) automated batch-mode clinical-scale 129Xe hyperpolarizer utilizing continuous high-power (∼170 W) pump laser irradiation and a novel aluminum jacket design for rapid temperature ramping of xenon-rich gas mixtures (up to 2 atm partial pressure). The aluminum jacket design is capable of heating SEOP cells from ambient temperature (typically 25 °C) to 70 °C (temperature of the SEOP process) in 4 min, and perform cooling of the cell to the temperature at which the hyperpolarized gas mixture can be released from the hyperpolarizer (with negligible amounts of Rb metal leaving the cell) in approximately 4 min, substantially faster (by a factor of 6) than previous hyperpolarizer designs relying on air heat exchange. These reductions in temperature cycling time will likely be highly advantageous for the overall increase of production rates of batch-mode (i.e., stopped-flow) 129Xe hyperpolarizers, which is particularly beneficial for clinical applications. The additional advantage of the presented design is significantly improved thermal management of the SEOP cell. Accompanying the heating jacket design and performance, we also evaluate the repeatability of SEOP experiments conducted using this new architecture, and present typically achievable hyperpolarization levels exceeding 40% at exponential build-up rates on the order of 0.1 min-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Birchall
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert K Irwin
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Skinner JG, Ranta K, Whiting N, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Rosen MS, Chekmenev EY, Morris PG, Barlow MJ, Goodson BM. High Xe density, high photon flux, stopped-flow spin-exchange optical pumping: Simulations versus experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 312:106686. [PMID: 32006793 PMCID: PMC7436892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) can enhance the NMR sensitivity of noble gases by up to five orders of magnitude at Tesla-strength magnetic fields. SEOP-generated hyperpolarised (HP) 129Xe is a promising contrast agent for lung imaging but an ongoing barrier to widespread clinical usage has been economical production of sufficient quantities with high 129Xe polarisation. Here, the 'standard model' of SEOP, which was previously used in the optimisation of continuous-flow 129Xe polarisers, is modified for validation against two Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP datasets. We use this model to examine ways to increase HP Xe production efficiency in stopped-flow 129Xe polarisers and provide further insight into the underlying physics of Xe-rich stopped-flow SEOP at high laser fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Skinner
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Kaili Ranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Peter G Morris
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Thanapandiyaraj R, Rajendran T, Mohammedgani PB. Performance Analysis of Various Nanocontrast Agents and CAD Systems for Cancer Diagnosis. Curr Med Imaging 2020; 15:831-852. [PMID: 32008531 DOI: 10.2174/1573405614666180924124736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a disease which involves the abnormal cell growth that has the potential of dispersal to other parts of the body. Among various conventional anatomical imaging techniques for cancer diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides the best spatial resolution and is noninvasive. Current efforts are directed at enhancing the capabilities of MRI in oncology by adding contrast agents. DISCUSSION Recently, the superior properties of nanomaterials (extremely smaller in size, good biocompatibility and ease in chemical modification) allow its application as a contrast agent for early and specific cancer detection through the MRI. The precise detection of cancer region from any imaging modality will lead to a thriving treatment for cancer patients. The better localization of radiation dose can be attained from MRI by using suitable image processing algorithms. As there are many works that have been proposed for automatic detection for cancers, the effort is also put in to provide an effective survey of Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for different types of cancer detection with increased efficiency based on recent research works. Even though there are many surveys on MRI contrast agents, they only focused on a particular type of cancer. This study deeply presents the use of nanocontrast agents in MRI for different types of cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSION The main aim of this paper is to critically review the available compounds used as nanocontrast agents in MRI modality for different types of cancers. It also includes the review of different methods for cancer cell detection and classification. A comparative analysis is performed to analyze the effect of different CAD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Thanapandiyaraj
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pullur, Tamilnadu-626115, India
| | - Tamilselvi Rajendran
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pullur, Tamilnadu-626115, India
| | - Parisa Beham Mohammedgani
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Pullur, Tamilnadu-626115, India
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Burueva DB, Pokochueva EV, Wang X, Filkins M, Svyatova A, Rigby SP, Wang C, Pavlovskaya GE, Kovtunov KV, Meersmann T, Koptyug IV. In Situ Monitoring of Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation via 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy and Proton MRI. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dudari B. Burueva
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Pokochueva
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East RD, Ningbo 315100, China
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Max Filkins
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sean P. Rigby
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Chengbo Wang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East RD, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Galina E. Pavlovskaya
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HU, United Kingdom
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2HU, United Kingdom
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Jayapaul J, Schröder L. Nanoparticle-Based Contrast Agents for 129Xe HyperCEST NMR and MRI Applications. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:9498173. [PMID: 31819739 PMCID: PMC6893250 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9498173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spin hyperpolarization techniques have enabled important advancements in preclinical and clinical MRI applications to overcome the intrinsic low sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance. Functionalized xenon biosensors represent one of these approaches. They combine two amplification strategies, namely, spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). The latter one requires host structures that reversibly bind the hyperpolarized noble gas. Different nanoparticle approaches have been implemented and have enabled molecular MRI with 129Xe at unprecedented sensitivity. This review gives an overview of the Xe biosensor concept, particularly how different nanoparticles address various critical aspects of gas binding and exchange, spectral dispersion for multiplexing, and targeted reporter delivery. As this concept is emerging into preclinical applications, comprehensive sensor design will be indispensable in translating the outstanding sensitivity potential into biomedical molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabadurai Jayapaul
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany
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40
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Pizzi A, Ozores HL, Calvelo M, García‐Fandiño R, Amorín M, Demitri N, Terraneo G, Bracco S, Comotti A, Sozzani P, Bezuidenhout CX, Metrangolo P, Granja JR. Tight Xenon Confinement in a Crystalline Sandwich‐like Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimeric Capsule of a Cyclic Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pizzi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Haxel Lionel Ozores
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Calvelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Rebeca García‐Fandiño
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza— Trieste Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Charl X. Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Pizzi A, Ozores HL, Calvelo M, García‐Fandiño R, Amorín M, Demitri N, Terraneo G, Bracco S, Comotti A, Sozzani P, Bezuidenhout CX, Metrangolo P, Granja JR. Tight Xenon Confinement in a Crystalline Sandwich‐like Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimeric Capsule of a Cyclic Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14472-14476. [PMID: 31418497 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pizzi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Haxel Lionel Ozores
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Calvelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Rebeca García‐Fandiño
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza— Trieste Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Charl X. Bezuidenhout
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 20125 Milan Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab) Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico di Milano 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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Baydoun O, De Rycke N, Léonce E, Boutin C, Berthault P, Jeanneau E, Brotin T. Synthesis of Cryptophane-223-Type Derivatives with Dual Functionalization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9127-9137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Orsola Baydoun
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas De Rycke
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Estelle Léonce
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Céline Boutin
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
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Baydoun O, Buffeteau T, Daugey N, Jean M, Vanthuyne N, Chapellet LL, De Rycke N, Brotin T. Chiroptical study of cryptophanes subjected to self-encapsulation. Chirality 2019; 31:481-491. [PMID: 31134692 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2 , the 129 Xe NMR spectrum of the Xe@cryptophane-223 complex bearing seven acetate groups (Xe@1 complex) shows an unusually broad signal compared with that of its congeners (Chapellet, LL. et al. J. Org. Chem. 2015;80:6143-6151). To interpret this unexpected behaviour, a 1 H NMR analysis and a thorough study of the chiroptical properties of 1 as a function of the nature of the solvent have been performed. The 1 H NMR spectra of 1 reveal that a self-encapsulation phenomenon takes place in DMSO-d6 and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2 solvents. Thanks to the separation of the two enantiomers of 1 by HPLC on chiral stationary phase, the two enantiomers of 1 have been studied in detail by polarimetry, electronic (ECD), and vibrational (VCD) circular dichroism spectroscopies. Except for ECD spectroscopy, these chiroptical techniques reveal spectroscopic changes as a function of the nature of the solvent. For instance, in DMSO and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, in which the self-encapsulation phenomenon takes place, the sign of the specific optical rotation of [CD(-)254 ]-1 and [CD(+)254 ]-1 is changed. These results have then been compared with those obtained with cryptophane-223 bearing only one acetate group on the propylenedioxy linker (compound 2) and with cryptophane-223 bearing six acetate groups (compound 3). A self-encapsulation phenomenon is also observed with compound 2. Finally, compounds 2 and 3 show different chiroptical properties compared with those obtained with the two enantiomers of compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsola Baydoun
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Bordeaux University, CNRS UMR 5255, Talence, France
| | - Nicolas Daugey
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, Bordeaux University, CNRS UMR 5255, Talence, France
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Laure-Lise Chapellet
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas De Rycke
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, Lyon, France
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Truxal AE, Cao L, Isaacs L, Wemmer DE, Pines A. Directly Functionalized Cucurbit[7]uril as a Biosensor for the Selective Detection of Protein Interactions by 129 Xe hyperCEST NMR. Chemistry 2019; 25:6108-6112. [PMID: 30868660 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advancement of hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI technology toward clinical settings demonstrates the considerable interest in this modality for diagnostic imaging. The number of contrast agents, termed biosensors, for 129 Xe MRI that respond to specific biological targets, has grown and diversified. Directly functionalized xenon-carrying macrocycles, such as the large family of cryptophane-based biosensors, are good for localization-based imaging and provide contrast before and after binding events occur. Noncovalently functionalized constructs, such as cucurbituril- and cyclodextrin-based biosensors, benefit from commercial availability and optimal exchange dynamics for CEST imaging. In this work, we report the first directly functionalized cucurbituril used as a xenon biosensor. Biotinylated cucurbit[7]uril (btCB7) gives rise to a 129 Xe hyperCEST response at the unusual shift of δ=28 ppm when bound to its protein target with substantial CEST contrast. We posit that the observed chemical shift is due to the deformation of btCB7 upon binding to avidin, caused by proximity to the protein surface. Conformational searches and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations support this hypothesis. This construct combines the strengths of both families of biosensors, enables a multitude of biological targets through avidin conjugation, and demonstrates the advantages of functionalized cucurbituril-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liping Cao
- Northwest University, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Xi'an, China
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- University of Maryland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College Park, MD, USA
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Salnikov OG, Nikolaou P, Ariyasingha NM, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. Clinical-Scale Batch-Mode Production of Hyperpolarized Propane Gas for MRI. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4741-4746. [PMID: 30855132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy and imaging (MRI) are two of the most important methods to study structure, function, and dynamics from atom to organism scale. NMR approaches often suffer from an insufficient sensitivity, which, however, can be transiently boosted using hyperpolarization techniques. One of these techniques is parahydrogen-induced polarization, which has been used to produce catalyst-free hyperpolarized propane gas with proton polarization that is 3 orders of magnitude greater than equilibrium thermal polarization at a 1.5 T field of a clinical MRI scanner. Here we show that more than 0.3 L of hyperpolarized propane gas can be produced in 2 s. This production rate is more than an order of magnitude greater than that demonstrated previously, and the reported production rate is comparable to that employed for in-human MRI using HP noble gas (e.g., 129Xe) produced via a spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP) hyperpolarization technique. We show that high polarization values can be retained despite the significant increase in the production rate of hyperpolarized propane. The enhanced signals of produced hyperpolarized propane gas were revealed by stopped-flow MRI visualization at 4.7 T. Achieving this high production rate enables the future use of this compound (already approved for unlimited use in foods by the corresponding regulating agencies, e.g., FDA in the USA, and more broadly as an E944 food additive) as a new inhalable contrast agent for diagnostic detection via MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS , 3A Institutskaya St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology , Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS) , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-2310 , United States
| | - Nuwandi M Ariyasingha
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) , Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS , 3A Institutskaya St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS , 3A Institutskaya St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , 2 Pirogova St. , Novosibirsk 630090 , Russia
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio) , Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninskiy Prospekt 14 , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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Skinner JG, Menichetti L, Flori A, Dost A, Schmidt AB, Plaumann M, Gallagher FA, Hövener JB. Metabolic and Molecular Imaging with Hyperpolarised Tracers. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:902-918. [PMID: 30120644 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since reaching the clinic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an irreplaceable radiological tool because of the macroscopic information it provides across almost all organs and soft tissues within the human body, all without the need for ionising radiation. The sensitivity of MR, however, is too low to take full advantage of the rich chemical information contained in the MR signal. Hyperpolarisation techniques have recently emerged as methods to overcome the sensitivity limitations by enhancing the MR signal by many orders of magnitude compared to the thermal equilibrium, enabling a new class of metabolic and molecular X-nuclei based MR tracers capable of reporting on metabolic processes at the cellular level. These hyperpolarised (HP) tracers have the potential to elucidate the complex metabolic processes of many organs and pathologies, with studies so far focusing on the fields of oncology and cardiology. This review presents an overview of hyperpolarisation techniques that appear most promising for clinical use today, such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarisation (d-DNP), parahydrogen-induced hyperpolarisation (PHIP), Brute force hyperpolarisation and spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), before discussing methods for tracer detection, emerging metabolic tracers and applications and progress in preclinical and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Graham Skinner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Luca Menichetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Flori
- Fondazione CNR/Regione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Dost
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Benjamin Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
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Brotin T, Jeanneau E, Berthault P, Léonce E, Pitrat D, Mulatier JC. Synthesis of Cryptophane-B: Crystal Structure and Study of Its Complex with Xenon. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14465-14471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Univ Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, 46 allée d’Italie, Lyon F69364, France
| | - Erwann Jeanneau
- Centre de Diffractométrie Henri Longchambon, Université Lyon 1, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Patrick Berthault
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Estelle Léonce
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Delphine Pitrat
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Univ Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, 46 allée d’Italie, Lyon F69364, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Mulatier
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Univ Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, 46 allée d’Italie, Lyon F69364, France
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Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Shchepin RV, Svyatova A, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. 19F Hyperpolarization of 15N-3- 19F-Pyridine Via Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:23002-23010. [PMID: 31435456 PMCID: PMC6703844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report synthesis of 15N-3-19F-pyridine via Zincke salt formation with the overall 35% yield and 84% 15N isotopic purity. Hyperpolarization studies of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) were performed to investigate the mechanism of polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus in milli-Tesla and micro-Tesla magnetic field regimes in 15N-3-19F-pyridine and 14N-3-19F-pyridine. We found the mismatch between 15N and 19F magnetic field hyperpolarization profiles in the micro-Tesla regime indicating that the spontaneous hyperpolarization process likely happens directly from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus without spin-relaying via 15N site. In case of SABRE magnetic field regime (milli-Tesla magnetic field range), we found that magnetic field profiles for 1H and 19F hyperpolarization are very similar, and 19F polarization levels are significantly lower than 1H SABRE polarization levels and lower than 19F SABRE-SHEATH (i.e. obtained at micro-Tesla magnetic field) polarization levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that in milli-Tesla magnetic field regime, the process of 19F nuclei hyperpolarization is relayed via protons of substrate, and therefore is very inefficient. These findings are important in the context of improvement of the hyperpolarization hardware and rational design of the hyperpolarized molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding Author
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Hövener JB, Pravdivtsev AN, Kidd B, Bowers CR, Glöggler S, Kovtunov KV, Plaumann M, Katz-Brull R, Buckenmaier K, Jerschow A, Reineri F, Theis T, Shchepin RV, Wagner S, Bhattacharya P, Zacharias NM, Chekmenev EY. Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization for Biomedicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11140-11162. [PMID: 29484795 PMCID: PMC6105405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the most versatile and useful physical effects used for human imaging, chemical analysis, and the elucidation of molecular structures. However, its full potential is rarely used, because only a small fraction of the nuclear spin ensemble is polarized, that is, aligned with the applied static magnetic field. Hyperpolarization methods seek other means to increase the polarization and thus the MR signal. A unique source of pure spin order is the entangled singlet spin state of dihydrogen, parahydrogen (pH2 ), which is inherently stable and long-lived. When brought into contact with another molecule, this "spin order on demand" allows the MR signal to be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. Considerable progress has been made in the past decade in the area of pH2 -based hyperpolarization techniques for biomedical applications. It is the goal of this Review to provide a selective overview of these developments, covering the areas of spin physics, catalysis, instrumentation, preparation of the contrast agents, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrey N Pravdivtsev
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bryce Kidd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - C Russell Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Strasse 3A, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Department of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Magnetic resonance center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexej Jerschow
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Sq. East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Roman V Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105, Nashville, TN, 37027, USA
| | - Shawn Wagner
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Niki M Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) and Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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