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Donthi MR, Munnangi SR, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Nanoemulgel: A Novel Nano Carrier as a Tool for Topical Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010164. [PMID: 36678794 PMCID: PMC9863395 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-emulgel is an emerging drug delivery system intended to enhance the therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. Lipophilic formulations have a variety of limitations, which includes poor solubility, unpredictable absorption, and low oral bioavailability. Nano-emulgel, an amalgamated preparation of different systems aims to deal with these limitations. The novel system prepared by the incorporation of nano-emulsion into gel improves stability and enables drug delivery for both immediate and controlled release. The focus on nano-emulgel has also increased due to its ability to achieve targeted delivery, ease of application, absence of gastrointestinal degradation or the first pass metabolism, and safety profile. This review focuses on the formulation components of nano-emulgel for topical drug delivery, pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal Reddy Donthi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd., 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8239703734
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Shaddel R, Akbari-Alavijeh S, Cacciotti I, Yousefi S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Tarhan O, Rashidinejad A, Rezaei A, Bhia M, Jafari SM. Caffeine-loaded nano/micro-carriers: Techniques, bioavailability, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4940-4965. [PMID: 36412258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2147143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, as one of the most consumed bioactive compounds globally, has gained considerable attention during the last years. Considering the bitter taste and adverse effects of high levels of caffeine consumption, it is crucial to apply a strategy for masking the caffeine's bitter taste and facilitating its programmable deliverance within a long time. Other operational parameters such as food processing parameters, exposure to sunlight and oxygen, and gastrointestinal digestion could also degrade the phenolic compounds in general and caffeine in special. To overcome these challenges, various nano/micro-platforms have been fabricated, including lipid-based (e.g., nanoliposomal vehicles; nanoemulsions, double emulsions, Pickering emulsions; microemulsions; niosomal vehicles; solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers), as well as biopolymeric (e.g., nanoparticles; hydrogels, organogels, oleogels; nanofibers and nanotubes; protein-polysaccharide nanocomplexes, conjugates; cyclodextrin inclusion complexes) and inorganic (e.g., gold and silica nanoparticles) nano/micro-structures. In this review, the findings on various caffeine-loaded nano/micro-carriers and their potential applications in functional food products/supplements will be discussed. Also, the controlled release and bioavailability of encapsulated caffeine will be given, and finally, the toxicity and safety of encapsulated caffeine will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Shaddel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome "Niccolò Cusano", Roma, Italy
| | - Shima Yousefi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Tarhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Ali Rashidinejad
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammed Bhia
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Butkeviciute A, Ramanauskiene K, Kurapkiene V, Janulis V. Dermal Penetration Studies of Potential Phenolic Compounds Ex Vivo and Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1901. [PMID: 35893606 PMCID: PMC9331963 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds with miscellaneous biological activities are an interesting component in dermatology and cosmetology practices. The aim of our study was to determine the phenolic compounds released from emulsion, emulgel, gel, ointment, and oleogel formulations penetration into human skin layers, both the epidermis and dermis, and estimate their antioxidant activity. The ex vivo penetration study was performed using Bronaugh type flow-through diffusion cells. Penetration studies revealed that, within 24 h, the chlorogenic acid released from the oleogel penetrated into skin layers to a depth of 2.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL in the epidermis and 1.5 ± 0.07 µg/mL in the dermis. The oleogel-released complex of phenolic compounds penetrating into epidermis showed the strongest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (281.8 ± 14.1 µM TE/L). The study estimated a strong positive correlation (r = 0.729) between the amount of quercetin penetrated into epidermis and the antioxidant activity detected in the epidermis extract. Plant based phenolic compounds demonstrated antioxidant activity and showed great permeability properties through the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurita Butkeviciute
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Kristina Ramanauskiene
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Vaida Kurapkiene
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.R.); (V.K.)
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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Open chain pseudopeptides as hydrogelators with reversible and dynamic responsiveness to pH, temperature and sonication as vehicles for controlled drug delivery. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fonseca LR, Santos TP, Czaikoski A, Cunha RL. Microfluidics-based production of chitosan-gellan nanocomplexes encapsulating caffeine. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110885. [PMID: 34980412 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic complexes produced by interactions between polysaccharides have promising applications in the medical, pharmaceutical and food fields. In this light, for the development of such particles, microfluidics emerges as a promising technique in which processes occur at a strict laminar flow regime, allowing diffusion-dominated transport and particle formation in highly-controlled conditions. As a proof of concept, we compared bulk versus microfluidic (different devices simulating a range of residence times) processes for the production of electrostatic complexes of gellan with either chitosan (molecular weight ∼ 28 kDa) or hydrolyzed chitosan (molecular weight ∼ 3 kDa). Regardless of the process, polysaccharide solutions (pH 4.5) were mixed in pre-defined concentrations (polysaccharide ratios) to form electrostatic complexes that were used to encapsulate caffeine. These complexes were characterized by zeta potential measurements and particle size distribution. Overall, microfluidics produced complexes with improved characteristics such as lower polydispersity index (PDI ∼ 0.1) and mean size (∼200 nm) when compared to the conventional bulk process (PDI ∼ 0.3 and mean size ∼ 400 nm). Moreover, hydrolyzed chitosan (HC) contributed to an even smaller size and PDI value of the complexes. Such outcome is associated with the lower molecular weight and higher solubility of HC when comparing to conventional chitosan, which in turn improves electrostatic complexation. Caffeine could also be encapsulated in all complexes, but the highest encapsulation efficiency was achieved using microfluidics (70%) and with the geometry that provided a longer residence time. Therefore, we were able to demonstrate that microfluidics is clearly an effective strategy for generating electrostatic complexes with improved properties. Ultimately, this technique demonstrated a high potential for the production of vehicles of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Ribas Fonseca
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Porto Santos
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Czaikoski
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Lopes Cunha
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Application of MOF materials as drug delivery systems for cancer therapy and dermal treatment. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Naeem M, Iqbal T, Nawaz Z, Hussain S. Preparation, optimization and evaluation of transdermal therapeutic system of celecoxib to treat inflammation for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201561. [PMID: 34878046 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to prepare transdermal therapeutic system that could enhance dissolution of poorly aqueous soluble drug Celecoxib and thus increase its skin permeation. Solubility studies screened triacetin as oil, cremophor RH 40 as surfactant and Polyethylene Glycol 400 as co-surfactant. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to find out microemulsion region. Independent variables (oil, Smix and water) concentration was used at high (+1) and low levels (-1) that would generate 17 different combinations of microemulsions. Microemulsions were characterized, optimized and evaluated. pH, viscosity, conductivities, refractive index, droplet size and poly-dispersity-index was investigated. Prepared microemulsions were oil in water, thermodynamically stable, isotropic, transparent, deflocculated and within narrow range of size. Mathematical equations and response surface plots related the independent and dependent variables. Optimum microemulsion ME6 was further incorporated with carbomer 940 gel base to produce microemulsion based gel. ME6 and its gel showed significant difference (p<0.05) from control gel. Stability studies showed prepared MEBG of celecoxib was stable during storage period. Skin irritation studies found the gel was safe and non-irritating to skin. Anti-inflammatory studies showed significant difference (p<0.05) compared to control gel. Thus, the therapeutic system was successfully developed and optimized using Box Behnken statistical design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Pharmacy, Shah Abdul Latif University, old national highway, Khairpur, 66020 Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Taniya Iqbal
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, 60000 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zarqa Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Hasilpur road, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Zoology, University of Agriculture, University road, police line, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nowak A, Cybulska K, Makuch E, Kucharski Ł, Różewicka-Czabańska M, Prowans P, Czapla N, Bargiel P, Petriczko J, Klimowicz A. In Vitro Human Skin Penetration, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol-Water Extract of Fireweed ( Epilobium angustifolium L.). Molecules 2021; 26:E329. [PMID: 33435259 PMCID: PMC7827182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilobium angustifolium L. is applied as an antiseptic agent in the treatment of skin diseases. However, there is a lack of information on human skin penetration of active ingredients with antioxidative potential. It seems crucial because bacterial infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue are common and partly depend on oxidative stress. Therefore, we evaluated in vitro human skin penetration of fireweed ethanol-water extracts (FEEs) by determining antioxidant activity of these extracts before and after penetration study using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and Folin-Ciocalteu methods. Microbiological tests of extracts were done. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) methods. The in vitro human skin penetration using the Franz diffusion chamber was assessed. The high antioxidant activity of FEEs was found. Gallic acid (GA), chlorogenic acid (ChA), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHB), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB), and caffeic acid (CA) were identified in the extracts. The antibacterial activities were found against Serratia lutea, S. marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, B. pseudomycoides, and B. thuringiensis and next Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and P. fluorescens strains. In vitro penetration studies showed the penetration of some phenolic acids and their accumulation in the skin. Our results confirm the importance of skin penetration studies to guarantee the efficacy of formulations containing E. angustifolium extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Krystyna Cybulska
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PL-71434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Edyta Makuch
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PL-70322 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Kucharski
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Monika Różewicka-Czabańska
- Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland;
| | - Piotr Prowans
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Norbert Czapla
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Piotr Bargiel
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan Petriczko
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-72010 Police, Poland; (P.P.); (N.C.); (P.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, PL-70111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (A.K.)
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Drug delivery systems integrated with conventional and advanced treatment approaches toward cellulite reduction. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Bertges FS, da Penha Henriques do Amaral M, Rodarte MP, Vieira Fonseca MJ, Sousa OV, Pinto Vilela FM, Alves MS. Assessment of chemical changes and skin penetration of green Arabica coffee beans biotransformed by Aspergillus oryzae. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Artusio F, Ferri A, Gigante V, Massella D, Mazzarino I, Sangermano M, Barresi A, Pisano R. Synthesis of high payload nanohydrogels for the ecapsulation of hydrophilic molecules via inverse miniemulsion polymerization: caffeine as a case study. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1862-1870. [PMID: 31549528 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1672714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The association of an active principle with a nanocarrier is known to improve its stability and protect it from external factors. Nevertheless, loading of nanoparticles with highly hydrophilic substances like caffeine remains a tricky issue. In the present study, inverse miniemulsion systems were successfully coupled to UV radiation to synthesize polymeric nanohydrogels for drug delivery. The proper choice of the continuous and dispersed phase chemical composition led to the entrapment of active principle into the miniemulsion droplets. Our confinement-based strategy enabled unprecedented caffeine encapsulation efficiency inside 100-nm particles. Dimensional, thermal, and spectroscopic characterizations were carried out to investigate both unloaded and loaded nanohydrogels. Furthermore, in vitro release studies evaluated caffeine release kinetics from nanohydrogels by means of dialysis tests. It was demonstrated that controlled and sustained release occurred within the first 50 hours. Experimental data were found to fit the Higuchi model suggesting that the active principle release is diffusion controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiora Artusio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ada Ferri
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Gigante
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniele Massella
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Italo Mazzarino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonello Barresi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Pisano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Pavlačková J, Egner P, Polašková J, Hojerová J, Pinďáková L, Mokrejš P, Varaďová V. Transdermal absorption of active substances from cosmetic vehicles. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1410-1415. [PMID: 30701646 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cosmetic products mean any substance or mixture intended to be placed in contact with the external parts of the human body (eg, epidermis, lips) and should not pass to the lower parts and penetrate to the skin. As a part of evaluation of cosmetic safety, the transdermal absorption of substances should be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro absorption was investigated with Franz diffusion cells on untreated porcine skin and specimens of the same treated with 15%wt. SLS. The integrity of the skin was discerned by gauging transdermal electrical conductivity (TEC), the concentration of caffeine absorbed by the samples of skin membrane by liquid chromatography, which took place by applying an emulsion and/or a gel containing active hydration agents (urea, sodium hyaluronate, and sericin). RESULTS The greatest extent of caffeine penetration was seen for pretreatment with just SLS; similar results were in skin treated with the base gel with 10%wt. urea. In the skin treated with the base emulsion only, the amount of caffeine absorbed was twofold less; this increased after adding the active hydration substances. The values measured for TEC corresponded with the amount of caffeine absorbed. CONCLUSION The gel proved to be the more potent vehicle for the active ingredient, as it demonstrated greater transdermal caffeine penetration than the emulsions, correlating with the degree of damage to the skin as detected by TEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pavlačková
- Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republik
| | - Pavlína Egner
- Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republik
| | - Jana Polašková
- Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republik
| | - Jarmila Hojerová
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucie Pinďáková
- Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republik
| | - Pavel Mokrejš
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republik
| | - Vendula Varaďová
- Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín, Czech Republik
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Pergolizzi S, D’Angelo V, Aragona M, Dugo P, Cacciola F, Capillo G, Dugo G, Lauriano ER. Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of green coffee beans methanolic extract in rat skin. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:1535-1541. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1523161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno, d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria D’Angelo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno, d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno, d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno, d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno, d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno, d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Gu Y, Yang M, Tang X, Wang T, Yang D, Zhai G, Liu J. Lipid nanoparticles loading triptolide for transdermal delivery: mechanisms of penetration enhancement and transport properties. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:68. [PMID: 30217198 PMCID: PMC6138933 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) including nanostructured lipid carries (NLC) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) captured an increasing amount of attention in the field of transdermal drug delivery system. However, the mechanisms of penetration enhancement and transdermal transport properties of NPs are not fully understood. Therefore, this work applied different platforms to evaluate the interactions between skin and NPs loading triptolide (TPL, TPL-NLC and TPL-SLN). Besides, NPs labeled with fluorescence probe were tracked after administration to investigate the dynamic penetration process in skin and skin cells. In addition, ELISA assay was applied to verify the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of TPL-NPs. Results Compared with the control group, TPL-NPs could disorder skin structure, increase keratin enthalpy and reduce the SC infrared absorption peak area. Besides, the work found that NPs labeled with fluorescence probe accumulated in hair follicles and distributed throughout the skin after 1 h of administration and were taken into HaCaT cells cytoplasm by transcytosis. Additionally, TPL-NLC could effectively inhibit the expression of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 in HaCaT cells, while TPL-SLN and TPL solution can only inhibit the expression of IL-6. Conclusions TPL-NLC and TPL-SLN could penetrate into skin in a time-dependent manner and the penetration is done by changing the structure, thermodynamic properties and components of the SC. Furthermore, the significant anti-inflammatory effect of TPL-NPs indicated that nanoparticles containing NLC and SLN could serve as safe prospective agents for transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People Hosipital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Dishun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Elmotasem H, Farag HK, Salama AA. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of an oral sustained release hepatoprotective caffeine loaded w/o Pickering emulsion formula – Containing wheat germ oil and stabilized by magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Plasma treatment as an efficient tool for controlled drug release from polymeric materials: A review. J Control Release 2017; 266:57-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs. Int J Pharm 2017; 526:353-365. [PMID: 28461261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Nanoemulgel drug delivery system is a formulation related intervention to improve the systemic delivery and therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. Nanoemulgel is an amalgamated formulation of two different systems in which nanoemulsion containing drug is incorporated into a gel base. The fusion of the two systems makes this formulation advantageous in several ways. Lipophilic drugs can be easily incorporated and the skin permeability of the incorporated drugs can be enhanced in several folds due to the finely distributed droplets of nanoemulsion phase. As a result, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the lipophilic drugs are improved significantly. An increasing trend in topical nanoemulgel use in recent years has been noticed because of the better acceptability of the preparation to the patients due to their noninvasive delivery, avoidance of gastrointestinal side effects, easier applicability and good therapeutic and safety profile. Despite of having few limitations, nanoemulgel formulation can be considered as a potential and promising candidates for topical delivery of lipophilic drugs in the future. The aim of this review is to evaluate and report the current potential and future scope of nanoemulgel formulation for becoming an effective delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the outcome of different studies on permeability, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profile of the drugs delivered topically through nanoemulgel. Rationality of use along with the major challenges to overcome for nanoemulgel formulation has been discussed.
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Kaur A, Sharma G, Gupta V, Ratho RK, Katare OP. Enhanced acyclovir delivery using w/o type microemulsion: preclinical assessment of antiviral activity using murine model of zosteriform cutaneous HSV-1 infection. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:346-354. [PMID: 28403666 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1313262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to develop and evaluate a microemulsion-based dermal drug delivery of an antiviral agent, acyclovir. A water-in-oil microemulsion was prepared using isopropyl myristate, Tween 20, Span 20, water and dimethylsulphoxide. It was characterized for drug content, stability, globule size, pH, viscosity and ex vivo permeation through mice skin. In vivo antiviral efficacy of optimized formulation was assessed in female Balb/c mice against herpes simplex virus-I (HSV-I)-induced infection. It was observed that optimized formulation when applied 24-h post-infection could completely inhibit the development of cutaneous herpetic lesions vis-à-vis marketed cream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanpreet Kaur
- a Division of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- a Division of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Vishal Gupta
- a Division of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Radha Kanta Ratho
- b Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- a Division of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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19
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Liuzzi R, Preziosi V, Caserta S, Guido S. Development of model systems for in vitro investigation of transdermal transport pathways. CAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Liuzzi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI) Università di Napoli Federico II. P. le Tecchio; 80, 80125 Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate; via Gaetano Salvatore, 486; 80145 Napoli Naples Italy
| | - Valentina Preziosi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI) Università di Napoli Federico II. P. le Tecchio; 80, 80125 Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate; via Gaetano Salvatore, 486; 80145 Napoli Naples Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI) Università di Napoli Federico II. P. le Tecchio; 80, 80125 Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate; via Gaetano Salvatore, 486; 80145 Napoli Naples Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM); UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II; P. le Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI) Università di Napoli Federico II. P. le Tecchio; 80, 80125 Napoli Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate; via Gaetano Salvatore, 486; 80145 Napoli Naples Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM); UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II; P. le Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli Italy
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20
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Rossi B, Venuti V, D'Amico F, Gessini A, Mele A, Punta C, Melone L, Crupi V, Majolino D, Masciovecchio C. Guest-matrix interactions affect the solvation of cyclodextrin-based polymeric hydrogels: a UV Raman scattering study. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8861-8868. [PMID: 27734051 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The focus of the present work is to shed light on possible modifications of the molecular properties of polysaccharide hydrogels induced by the establishment of specific non-covalent interactions during the loading of a guest compound inside the gel phase. With this aim, a case study of the encapsulation of caffeine (Caf) inside cyclodextrin-based hydrogels, namely, cyclodextrin nanosponges (NS), is systematically investigated here by using UV Raman scattering experiments. The UV Raman spectra of the hydrogels, analysed as a function of temperature, concentration of the guest molecule loaded in the gel phase and pH, prove particularly informative both on the structural rearrangements of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic groups of the polymeric network and on the breaking/formation of specific guest-matrix interactions. Analysis of the temperature dependence of dynamical parameters, i.e., the dephasing time associated with specific vibrational modes of the polymer backbone, enables the proposal of a molecular picture in which the loading of Caf in NS hydrogels tends to favour access of the water solvent to the more hydrophobic portions of the polymer matrix, which is in turn reflected in a marked increase in the solvation of the whole system. The achievements of this work appear of interest with respect to the design of new possible strategies for controlling the diffusion/release of bioactive molecules inside hydrogel networks, besides corroborating the potential of UV Raman scattering experiments to give new molecular insights into complex phenomena affecting hydrogel phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rossi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy. and Department of Physics, University of Trento and INSTM Local Unit, via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - V Venuti
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina and INSTM Local Unit, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - F D'Amico
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - A Gessini
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - A Mele
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano and INSTM local unit, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano and INSTM local unit, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Melone
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano and INSTM local unit, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy and Università degli Studi e-Campus, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, Como, Italy
| | - V Crupi
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina and INSTM Local Unit, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - D Majolino
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina and INSTM Local Unit, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - C Masciovecchio
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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21
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Permeation of topically applied caffeine from a food by—product in cosmetic formulations: Is nanoscale in vitro approach an option? Int J Pharm 2016; 513:496-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Kaur A, Goindi S, Katare OP. Formulation, characterisation andin vivoevaluation of lipid-based nanocarrier for topical delivery of diflunisal. J Microencapsul 2016; 33:475-86. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2016.1216189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Mishra R, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Preparation, optimization, and evaluation of Zaltoprofen-loaded microemulsion and microemulsion-based gel for transdermal delivery. J Liposome Res 2016; 26:297-306. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1120746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kedar S. Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Giménez-Marqués M, Hidalgo T, Serre C, Horcajada P. Nanostructured metal–organic frameworks and their bio-related applications. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Márquez AG, Hidalgo T, Lana H, Cunha D, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Álvarez-Lorenzo C, Boissière C, Sánchez C, Serre C, Horcajada P. Biocompatible polymer–metal–organic framework composite patches for cutaneous administration of cosmetic molecules. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7031-7040. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine-containing polymer–nanoMOF patches as promising cutaneous formulations.
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26
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Goindi S, Kaur R, Kaur R. An ionic liquid-in-water microemulsion as a potential carrier for topical delivery of poorly water soluble drug: Development, ex-vivo and in-vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:913-23. [PMID: 26456294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report an ionic liquid-in-water (IL/w) microemulsion (ME) formulation which is able to solubilize etodolac (ETO), a poorly water soluble drug for topical delivery using BMIMPF6 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) as IL, Tween 80 as surfactant and ethanol as co-surfactant. The prepared ME was characterized for physicochemical parameters, subjected to ex-vivo permeation studies as well as in-vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation. The ex-vivo drug permeation studies through rat skin was performed using Franz-diffusion cell and the IL/w based ME showed maximum mean cumulative percent permeation of 99.030±0.921% in comparison to oil-in-water (o/w) ME (61.548±1.875%) and oily solution (48.830±2.488%) of ETO. In-vivo anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activities of the prepared formulations were evaluated using different rodent models and the results revealed that ETO loaded IL/w based ME was found to be more effective in controlling inflammation than oily solution, o/w ME and marketed formulation of ETO. Histopathological studies also demonstrated that IL/w based ME caused no anatomical and pathological changes in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishu Goindi
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Randeep Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre for Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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27
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Topical and transdermal delivery of caffeine. Int J Pharm 2015; 490:155-64. [PMID: 26004004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is administered topically and transdermally for a variety of pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications and it is also used as a model hydrophilic compound in dermal risk assessment studies. This review considers the physicochemical and permeation properties of caffeine with reference to its delivery to and through the skin. Since it has been used as a model compound the findings have implications for the delivery of many hydrophilic compounds having similar properties. Various passive and active formulation strategies to promote enhanced skin permeation of caffeine are considered. Models to study percutaneous caffeine penetration are also discussed in detail.
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28
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In vitro skin models as a tool in optimization of drug formulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 75:10-24. [PMID: 25746955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(Trans)dermal drug therapy is gaining increasing importance in the modern drug development. To fully utilize the potential of this route, it is important to optimize the delivery of active ingredient/drug into/through the skin. The optimal carrier/vehicle can enhance the desired outcome of the therapy therefore the optimization of skin formulations is often included in the early stages of the product development. A rational approach in designing and optimizing skin formulations requires well-defined skin models, able to identify and evaluate the intrinsic properties of the formulation. Most of the current optimization relies on the use of suitable ex vivo animal/human models. However, increasing restrictions in use and handling of animals and human skin stimulated the search for suitable artificial skin models. This review attempts to provide an unbiased overview of the most commonly used models, with emphasis on their limitations and advantages. The choice of the most applicable in vitro model for the particular purpose should be based on the interplay between the availability, easiness of the use, cost and the respective limitations.
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29
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Pascoa H, Diniz DGA, Florentino IF, Costa EA, Bara MTF. Microemulsion based on Pterodon emarginatus oil and its anti-inflammatory potential. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502015000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports the development of a pharmaceutical product containing vegetable actives from a Brazilian medicinal plant. The possibility of forming a microemulsion using Pterodon emarginatus ("sucupira") oil was evaluated and the anti-inflammatory potential of this microemulsion was also examined. A formulation was developed using P. emarginatus oil, a mixture of ethoxylated Castor Oil (Ultramone(r) R-540/propylene glycol 2:1) (surfactant/cosurfactant) and distilled water at a ratio of 10:15:75, respectively. The microemulsion which was selected was then subjected to the preliminary stability test and analyzed in terms of average diameter of droplets, pH, zeta potential, and polydispersity index, on the 1st, 7th, 15th, and 30th days after preparation and stored at different temperatures (5 ± 2 °C, 25 ± 2 °C, and 40 ± 2 °C). The anti-inflammatory in vivo activity of both oil and formulation were evaluated, using the experimental model of croton oil-induced ear edema. The preliminary stability test showed that the microemulsion stored at 5 and 25 °C retained its original features throughout the 30-day period. The anti-inflammatory potential of both oil and formulation was shown to be statistically significant (p < 0.001), when compared to the control group, however, the microemulsion proved to be more effective (p < 0.05) than the oil when applied directly to the ear.
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Hamishehkar H, Shokri J, Fallahi S, Jahangiri A, Ghanbarzadeh S, Kouhsoltani M. Histopathological evaluation of caffeine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in efficient treatment of cellulite. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1640-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.980426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Goindi S, Arora P, Kumar N, Puri A. Development of novel ionic liquid-based microemulsion formulation for dermal delivery of 5-Fluorouracil. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:810-21. [PMID: 24668136 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at synthesizing an imidazole-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (BMIMBr) and subsequent development of a novel ionic liquid-in-oil (IL/o) microemulsion (ME) system for dermal delivery of a poorly permeating drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). A significant enhancement in the solubility of 5-FU was observed in BMIMBr. IL/o MEs of 5-FU were prepared using isopropyl myristate, Tween 80/Span 20, and BMIMBr. Results of ex vivo skin permeation studies through mice skin indicated that the selected IL/o ME exhibited 4-fold enhancement in percent drug permeation as compared to aqueous solution, 2.3-fold as compared to hydrophilic ointment, and 1.6-fold greater permeation than water in oil (w/o) ME. The results of in vivo studies against dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mice skin carcinogenesis demonstrated that the IL/o ME could effectively treat skin cancer in 4 weeks. In addition, the side effects such as erythema and irritation associated with the conventional formulations were not observed. Histopathological studies showed that the use of IL/o ME caused no anatomic and pathological changes in the skin structure of mice. These studies suggest that the use of IL-based ME system can efficiently enhance the solubility and permeability of 5-FU and hence its therapeutic efficacy.
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Puglia C, Offerta A, Tirendi GG, Tarico MS, Curreri S, Bonina F, Perrotta RE. Design of solid lipid nanoparticles for caffeine topical administration. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:36-40. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.903011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy and
| | - Alessia Offerta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy and
| | | | - Maria Stella Tarico
- Azienda Ospedaliera per l’Emergenza “Cannizzaro”, Dipartimento di Specialità Medico Chirurgiche – Sezione di Chirurgia Plastica, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Curreri
- Azienda Ospedaliera per l’Emergenza “Cannizzaro”, Dipartimento di Specialità Medico Chirurgiche – Sezione di Chirurgia Plastica, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy and
| | - Rosario Emanuele Perrotta
- Azienda Ospedaliera per l’Emergenza “Cannizzaro”, Dipartimento di Specialità Medico Chirurgiche – Sezione di Chirurgia Plastica, Catania, Italy
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Huang CT, Tsai MJ, Lin YH, Fu YS, Huang YB, Tsai YH, Wu PC. Effect of microemulsions on transdermal delivery of citalopram: optimization studies using mixture design and response surface methodology. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2295-304. [PMID: 23919086 PMCID: PMC3699131 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of microemulsions as a drug vehicle for transdermal delivery of citalopram. A computerized statistical technique of response surface methodology with mixture design was used to investigate and optimize the influence of the formulation compositions including a mixture of Brij 30/Brij 35 surfactants (at a ratio of 4:1, 20%-30%), isopropyl alcohol (20%-30%), and distilled water (40%-50%) on the properties of the drug-loaded microemulsions, including permeation rate (flux) and lag time. When microemulsions were used as a vehicle, the drug permeation rate increased significantly and the lag time shortened significantly when compared with the aqueous control of 40% isopropyl alcohol solution containing 3% citalopram, demonstrating that microemulsions are a promising vehicle for transdermal application. With regard to the pharmacokinetic parameters of citalopram, the flux required for the transdermal delivery system was about 1280 μg per hour. The microemulsions loaded with citalopram 3% and 10% showed respective flux rates of 179.6 μg/cm(2) and 513.8 μg/cm(2) per hour, indicating that the study formulation could provide effective therapeutic concentrations over a practical application area. The animal study showed that the optimized formulation (F15) containing 3% citalopram with an application area of 3.46 cm(2) is able to reach a minimum effective therapeutic concentration with no erythematous reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Te Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Ling Y, Yu M, Guo F, Li N, Tan FP. Synergistic effect of mixed cosurfactants on transdermal delivery of indomethacin from O/W microemulsion. Chem Res Chin Univ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-013-2189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Yan X, Wang Z. Preparation and Evaluation of β-Carotene Containing Microemulsion. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Microemulsions (O/W, W/O and B.C.) formed in Tween80/ethanol/ethyl butyrate/water system were identified by phase diagram determination and conductivity measurement at 25 °C. Comparative studies were made, by means of dynamic light scattering, viscosity and UV measurements, on (1) the difference of viscosity and particle size between β-carotene solubilized and empty microemulsions; (2) the effects of sunlight and temperature on the stability of β-carotene both in microemulsion and in ethyl butyrate solution. It is shown that in β-carotene loaded systems, the mean particle diameter is 82.13 nm and the size distributions were quite broad (PDI = 0.35). Smaller particles (31.75 nm) and narrower particle size distribution of droplets (PDI = 0.14) were obtained in empty microemulsion. The sizes of droplets of both β-carotene loaded and empty ones get shrunk sharply in the first 3 days, then keep remarkable stability even for a month. β-carotene solubilized in microemulsion is much more stable than that solubilized in ethyl butyrate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng China
| | - Zhengwu Wang
- Bor. Luh Food Safety Research Center and Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Cunha D, Gaudin C, Colinet I, Horcajada P, Maurin G, Serre C. Rationalization of the entrapping of bioactive molecules into a series of functionalized porous zirconium terephthalate MOFs. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1101-1108. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Al Abood RM, Talegaonkar S, Tariq M, Ahmad FJ. Microemulsion as a tool for the transdermal delivery of ondansetron for the treatment of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 101:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Olejnik A, Goscianska J, Nowak I. Active compounds release from semisolid dosage forms. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:4032-45. [PMID: 22886492 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review all the aspects of the in vitro release testing (IVRT) from semisolid dosage forms. Although none of the official dissolution methods has been specified for use with semisolid dosage forms, their utility for assessing release rates of drugs from semisolid dosage forms has become a topic of considerable interest. One can expect to overcome such complexity in the future, when the official "Topical and Transdermal Drug Products-Product Performance Tests" will be published in an issue of the Pharmacopeial Forum. Many factors such as type of the dissolution medium, membrane, temperature, and speed have an influence on the mechanism and kinetics of the release testing from gels, creams, and ointments; therefore, those parameters have been widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejnik
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-714 Poznań, Poland.
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39
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Bolzinger MA, Briançon S, Pelletier J, Chevalier Y. Penetration of drugs through skin, a complex rate-controlling membrane. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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40
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Rolland P, Bolzinger MA, Cruz C, Briançon S, Josse D. Human scalp permeability to the chemical warfare agent VX. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1974-80. [PMID: 21762776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemical warfare agents such as VX in terrorism act might lead to contamination of the civilian population. Human scalp decontamination may require appropriate products and procedures. Due to ethical reasons, skin decontamination studies usually involve in vitro skin models, but human scalp skin samples are uncommon and expensive. The purpose of this study was to characterize the in vitro permeability to VX of human scalp, and to compare it with (a) human abdominal skin, and (b) pig skin from two different anatomic sites: ear and skull roof, in order to design a relevant model. Based on the VX skin permeation kinetics and distribution, we demonstrated that (a) human scalp was significantly more permeable to VX than abdominal skin and (b) pig-ear skin was the most relevant model to predict the in vitro human scalp permeability. Our results indicated that the follicular pathway significantly contributed to the skin absorption of VX through human scalp. In addition, the hair follicles and the stratum corneum significantly contributed to the formation of a skin reservoir for VX.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rolland
- Université de Lyon, F-69622 Lyon, France.
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41
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Ustündağ Okur N, Apaydın S, Karabay Yavaşoğlu NÜ, Yavaşoğlu A, Karasulu HY. Evaluation of skin permeation and anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of new naproxen microemulsion formulations. Int J Pharm 2011; 416:136-44. [PMID: 21723930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of microemulsions as a transdermal drug delivery for naproxen (Np). The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were developed for microemulsions composed of isopropyl myristate, Span 80, Labrafil M, Labrasol, and Cremophor EL, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol and 0.5N sodium hydroxide. The final concentration of Np in microemulsion systems was 10% (w/w). The microemulsions were characterised by conductivity, droplet size, viscosity and pH. Moreover, in vitro permeability studies were performed using diffusion cells from rat skin. The permeation rates of Np from microemulsions (M1(Np) and M2(Np)) were higher than the commercial (C) gel formulation. The paw oedema test was performed in rats to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Np. The volume increase in paw oedema after 6hr was 0.71±0.46% with M2(Np), whereas M1(Np) and C exhibited 6.48±2.71% and 14.97±3.15% increases in oedema, respectively. Additionally, a significant analgesic effect was detected in the hot plate and tail-flick tests for all test microemulsion and C formulations when compared with the control. Histopathological examination of the treated skin was performed to investigate changes in skin morphology. In conclusion, the microemulsion formulations, especially the M2(Np) formulation, may be used as an effective alternative for the transdermal delivery of Np.
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42
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Microemulsion Microstructure Influences the Skin Delivery of an Hydrophilic Drug. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1683-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Savić S, Tamburić S, Savić MM. From conventional towards new – natural surfactants in drug delivery systems design: current status and perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:353-69. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903535833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Azeem A, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK, Talegaonkar S. Nanocarrier for the transdermal delivery of an antiparkinsonian drug. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1093-103. [PMID: 19757079 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of nanoemulsions as nanodrug carrier systems for the percutaneous delivery of ropinirole. Nanoemulsions comprised Capryol 90 as the oil phase, Tween 20 as the surfactant, Carbitol as the cosurfactant, and water as an external phase. The effects of composition of nanoemulsion, including the ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant (Smix) and their concentration on skin permeation, were evaluated. All the prepared nanoemulsions showed a significant increase in permeation parameters such as steady state flux (Jss) and permeability coefficient (Kp) when compared to the control (p<0.01). Nanoemulsion composition (NEL3) comprising ropinirole (0.5% w/w), Capryol 90 (5% w/w), Smix 2:1 (35% w/w), and water (59.5% w/w) showed the highest flux (51.81+/-5.03 microg/cm2/h) and was selected for formulation into nanoemulsion gel. The gel was further optimized with respect to oil concentration (Capryol 90), polymer concentration (Carbopol), and drug content by employing the Box-Behnken design, which statistically evaluated the effects of these components on ropinirole permeation. Oil and polymer concentrations were found to have a negative influence on permeation, while the drug content had a positive effect. Nanoemulsion gel showed a 7.5-fold increase in skin permeation rate when compared to the conventional hydrogel. In conclusion, the results of the present investigation suggested a promising role of nanoemulsions in enhancing the transdermal permeation of ropinirole.
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Heuschkel S, Wohlrab J, Neubert RH. Dermal and transdermal targeting of dihydroavenanthramide D using enhancer molecules and novel microemulsions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:552-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Savic S, Weber C, Tamburic S, Savic M, Müller-Goymann C. Topical vehicles based on natural surfactant/fatty alcohols mixed emulsifier: The influence of two polyols on the colloidal structure and in vitro/in vivo skin performance. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:2073-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Frelichowska J, Bolzinger MA, Pelletier J, Valour JP, Chevalier Y. Topical delivery of lipophilic drugs from o/w Pickering emulsions. Int J Pharm 2008; 371:56-63. [PMID: 19135516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant-free emulsions stabilized by solid particles (Pickering emulsions) have been evaluated in the terms of skin absorption of lipophilic drugs. The behavior of three formulations: a surfactant-based emulsion, a Pickering emulsion stabilized by silica particles and a solution in triglyceride oil, were compared in order to assess the effect of the surface coating of Pickering emulsions as new dosage forms for topical application. Such comparative investigation was performed in vitro on excised pig skin in Franz diffusion cells with all-trans retinol as model lipophilic drug. Surfactant-based (classical, CE) and Pickering (PE) oil-in-water emulsions containing retinol were prepared with the same chemical composition (except the stabilizing agent: surfactant or silica particles), the same droplet size and the same viscosity. No permeation through the skin sample was observed after 24h exposure because of the high lipophilic character of retinol. Penetration of retinol was 5-fold larger for both CE and PE than for the solution in triglyceride. The distribution of retinol inside the skin layers depended significantly on the emulsions type: the classical emulsion allowed easy diffusion through the stratum corneum, so that large amounts reached the viable epidermis and dermis. Conversely, high storage of retinol inside the stratum corneum was favored by the Pickering emulsion. The retinol content in stratum corneum evaluated by skin stripping, demonstrated the increased retinol accumulation from PE. Therefore Pickering emulsions are new drug penetration vehicles with specific behavior; they are well-suited either for targeting the stratum corneum or aimed at slow release of drug from stratum corneum used as a reservoir to the deeper layers of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Frelichowska
- Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, ISPB, UMR 5007, CNRS, ESCPE, Université de Lyon 1, 43 bd 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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48
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Frelichowska J, Bolzinger MA, Valour JP, Mouaziz H, Pelletier J, Chevalier Y. Pickering w/o emulsions: drug release and topical delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 368:7-15. [PMID: 18992799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin absorption from Pickering emulsions as a new dosage form was investigated for the first time. Pickering emulsions are stabilized by adsorbed solid particles instead of emulsifier molecules. They are promising dosage forms that significantly differ from classical emulsions within several features. The skin permeation of a hydrophilic model penetrant (caffeine) was investigated from a w/o Pickering emulsion and compared to a w/o classical emulsion stabilized with an emulsifier. Both emulsions had the same composition and physicochemical properties in order to focus on the effect of the interfacial layer on the drug release and skin absorption processes. The highest permeation rates were obtained from the Pickering emulsion with a pseudo-steady state flux of 25 microg cm(-2)h(-1), threefold higher than from a classical emulsion (9.7 microg cm(-2)h(-1)). After 24h exposure, caffeine was mostly in the receptor fluid and in the dermis; cumulated amounts of caffeine were higher for the Pickering emulsion. Several physicochemical phenomena were investigated for clearing up the mechanisms of enhanced permeation from the Pickering emulsion. Among them, higher adhesion of Pickering emulsion droplets to skin surface was disclosed. The transport of caffeine adsorbed on silica particles was also considered relevant since skin stripping showed that aggregates of silica particles entered deeply the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Frelichowska
- Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lyon F-69003, France
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49
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Inhibition of cholesterol transport into skin cells in cultures by phytosterol-loaded microemulsion. Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 153:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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