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BenDavid E, Ramezanian S, Lu Y, Rousseau J, Schroeder A, Lavertu M, Tremblay JP. Emerging Perspectives on Prime Editor Delivery to the Brain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:763. [PMID: 38931430 PMCID: PMC11206523 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prime editing shows potential as a precision genome editing technology, as well as the potential to advance the development of next-generation nanomedicine for addressing neurological disorders. However, turning in prime editors (PEs), which are macromolecular complexes composed of CRISPR/Cas9 nickase fused with a reverse transcriptase and a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA), to the brain remains a considerable challenge due to physiological obstacles, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review article offers an up-to-date overview and perspective on the latest technologies and strategies for the precision delivery of PEs to the brain and passage through blood barriers. Furthermore, it delves into the scientific significance and possible therapeutic applications of prime editing in conditions related to neurological diseases. It is targeted at clinicians and clinical researchers working on advancing precision nanomedicine for neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli BenDavid
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Pharmaceutical Nanoscience, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Sina Ramezanian
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joël Rousseau
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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2
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Omidian H, Gill EJ, Dey Chowdhury S, Cubeddu LX. Chitosan Nanoparticles for Intranasal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:746. [PMID: 38931868 PMCID: PMC11206675 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript explores the use of nanostructured chitosan for intranasal drug delivery, targeting improved therapeutic outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric care, pain management, vaccination, and diabetes treatment. Chitosan nanoparticles are shown to enhance brain delivery, improve bioavailability, and minimize systemic side effects by facilitating drug transport across the blood-brain barrier. Despite substantial advancements in targeted delivery and vaccine efficacy, challenges remain in scalability, regulatory approval, and transitioning from preclinical studies to clinical applications. The future of chitosan-based nanomedicines hinges on advancing clinical trials, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and innovating in nanoparticle design to overcome these hurdles and realize their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (E.J.G.); (S.D.C.); (L.X.C.)
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3
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Mythri RB, Aishwarya MRB. Biopolymers as promising vehicles for drug delivery to the brain. Drug Metab Rev 2024; 56:46-61. [PMID: 37955126 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2281855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The brain is a privileged organ, tightly guarded by a network of endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial cells called the blood brain barrier. This barrier facilitates tight regulation of the transport of molecules, ions, and cells from the blood to the brain. While this feature ensures protection to the brain, it also presents a challenge for drug delivery for brain diseases. It is, therefore, crucial to identify molecules and/or vehicles that carry drugs, cross the blood brain barrier, and reach targets within the central nervous system. Biopolymers are large polymeric molecules obtained from biological sources. In comparison with synthetic polymers, biopolymers are structurally more complex and their 3D architecture makes them biologically active. Researchers are therefore investigating biopolymers as safe and efficient carriers of brain-targeted therapeutic agents. In this article, we bring together various approaches toward achieving this objective with a note on the prospects for biopolymer-based neurotherapeutic/neurorestorative/neuroprotective interventions. Finally, as a representative paradigm, we discuss the potential use of nanocarrier biopolymers in targeting protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswara Babu Mythri
- Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University), Dharmaram College Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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4
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Dighe S, Jog S, Momin M, Sawarkar S, Omri A. Intranasal Drug Delivery by Nanotechnology: Advances in and Challenges for Alzheimer's Disease Management. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 38258068 PMCID: PMC10820353 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative condition, is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive functions. Current treatment approaches primarily involve the administration of medications through oral, parenteral, and transdermal routes, aiming to improve cognitive function and alleviate symptoms. However, these treatments face limitations, such as low bioavailability and inadequate permeation. Alternative invasive methods, while explored, often entail discomfort and require specialized assistance. Therefore, the development of a non-invasive and efficient delivery system is crucial. Intranasal delivery has emerged as a potential solution, although it is constrained by the unique conditions of the nasal cavity. An innovative approach involves the use of nano-carriers based on nanotechnology for intranasal delivery. This strategy has the potential to overcome current limitations by providing enhanced bioavailability, improved permeation, effective traversal of the blood-brain barrier, extended retention within the body, and precise targeting of the brain. The comprehensive review focuses on the advancements in designing various types of nano-carriers, including polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, Quantum dots, and dendrimers. These nano-carriers are specifically tailored for the intranasal delivery of therapeutic agents aimed at combatting Alzheimer's disease. In summary, the development and utilization of intranasal delivery systems based on nanotechnology show significant potential in surmounting the constraints of current Alzheimer's disease treatment strategies. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge regulatory as well as toxicity concerns associated with this route; meticulous consideration is required when engineering a carrier. This comprehensive review underscores the potential to revolutionize Alzheimer's disease management and highlights the importance of addressing regulatory considerations for safe and effective implementations. Embracing this strategy could lead to substantial advancements in the field of Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Dighe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sunil Jog
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
- Indoco Remedies Private Limited, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sujata Sawarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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5
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Tian B, Hua S, Liu J. Multi-functional chitosan-based nanoparticles for drug delivery: Recent advanced insight into cancer therapy. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120972. [PMID: 37230614 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapy continues to be a major global concern, with conventional treatments suffering from low efficacy, untargeted drug delivery, and severe side effects. Recent research in nanomedicine suggests that nanoparticles' unique physicochemical properties can be leveraged to surmount the limitations of conventional cancer treatment. Chitosan-based nanoparticles have gained significant attention due to their high drug-carrying capacity, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and long circulation time. Chitosan is utilized in cancer therapies as a carrier to accurately deliver active ingredients to tumor sites. This review focuses on clinical studies and current market offerings of anticancer drugs. The unique nature of tumor microenvironments presents new opportunities for the development of smart drug delivery systems, and this review explores the design and preparation of chitosan-based smart nanoparticles. Further, we discuss the therapeutic efficacies of these nanoparticles based on various in vitro and in vivo findings. Finally, we present a forward-looking perspective on the challenges and prospects of chitosan-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy, intending to provide fresh ideas for advancing cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingren Tian
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Shiyao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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6
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Faria-Reis A, Santos-Araújo S, Pereira J, Rios T, Majerowicz D, Gondim KC, Ramos I. Silencing of the 20S proteasomal subunit-α6 triggers full oogenesis arrest and increased mRNA levels of the selective autophagy adaptor protein p62/SQSTM1 in the ovary of the vector Rhodnius prolixus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011380. [PMID: 37267415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The high reproductive rates of insects contribute significantly to their ability to act as vectors of a variety of vector-borne diseases. Therefore, it is strategically critical to find molecular targets with biotechnological potential through the functional study of genes essential for insect reproduction. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a vital degradative pathway that contributes to the maintenance of regular eukaryotic cell proteostasis. This mechanism involves the action of enzymes to covalently link ubiquitin to proteins that are meant to be delivered to the 26S proteasome and broken down. The 26S proteasome is a large protease complex (including the 20S and 19S subcomplexes) that binds, deubiquitylates, unfolds, and degrades its substrates. Here, we used bioinformatics to identify the genes that encode the seven α and β subunits of the 20S proteasome in the genome of R. prolixus and learned that those transcripts are accumulated into mature oocytes. To access proteasome function during oogenesis, we conducted RNAi functional tests employing one of the 20S proteasome subunits (Prosα6) as a tool to suppress 20S proteasomal activity. We found that Prosα6 silencing resulted in no changes in TAG buildup in the fat body and unaffected availability of yolk proteins in the hemolymph of vitellogenic females. Despite this, the silencing of Prosα6 culminated in the impairment of oocyte maturation at the early stages of oogenesis. Overall, we discovered that proteasome activity is especially important for the signals that initiate oogenesis in R. prolixus and discuss in what manner further investigations on the regulation of proteasome assembly and activity might contribute to the unraveling of oogenesis molecular mechanisms and oocyte maturation in this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allana Faria-Reis
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samara Santos-Araújo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Pereira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Rios
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Majerowicz
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular-INCT-EM/CNPq
| | - Katia C Gondim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular-INCT-EM/CNPq
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular-INCT-EM/CNPq
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7
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Sharma S, Dang S. Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery to Brain: Interventions of Surface Modification. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:517-535. [PMID: 35794771 PMCID: PMC10207924 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220706121412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders are a prevalent and rapidly growing problem in the medical field as they adversely affect the quality of life of a human. With an increase in life expectancy, it has been reported that diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, stroke and brain tumors, along with neuropsychological disorders, are also being reported at an alarmingly high rate. Despite various therapeutic methods for treating brain disorders, drug delivery to the brain has been challenging because of a very complex Blood Brain Barrier, which precludes most drugs from entering the brain in effective concentrations. Nano-carrier-based drug delivery systems have been reported widely by researchers to overcome this barrier layer. These systems due to their small size, offer numerous advantages; however, their short residence time in the body owing to opsonization hinders their success in vivo. This review article focuses on the various aspects of modifying the surfaces of these nano-carriers with polymers, surfactants, protein, antibodies, cell-penetrating peptides, integrin binding peptides and glycoproteins such as transferrin & lactoferrin leading to enhanced residence time, desirable characteristics such as the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), increased bioavailability in regions of the brain and targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Shweta Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
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8
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Unnisa A, Greig NH, Kamal MA. Nanotechnology: A Promising Targeted Drug Delivery System for Brain Tumours and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:255-270. [PMID: 35345990 PMCID: PMC11335033 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220328125206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the process of modulating shape and size at the nanoscale to design and manufacture structures, devices, and systems. Nanotechnology's prospective breakthroughs are incredible, and some cannot even be comprehended right now. The blood-brain barrier, which is a prominent physiological barrier in the brain, limits the adequate elimination of malignant cells by changing the concentration of therapeutic agents at the target tissue. Nanotechnology has sparked interest in recent years as a way to solve these issues and improve drug delivery. Inorganic and organic nanomaterials have been found to be beneficial for bioimaging approaches and controlled drug delivery systems. Brain cancer (BC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two of the prominent disorders of the brain. Even though the pathophysiology and pathways for both disorders are different, nanotechnology with common features can deliver drugs over the BBB, advancing the treatment of both disorders. This innovative technology could provide a foundation for combining diagnostics, treatments, and delivery of targeted drugs to the tumour site, further supervising the response and designing and delivering materials by employing atomic and molecular elements. There is currently limited treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and reversing further progression is difficult. Recently, various nanocarriers have been investigated to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of many AD treatment drugs. Nanotechnology-assisted drugs can penetrate the BBB and reach the target tissue. However, further research is required in this field to ensure the safety and efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles. The application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumours and Alzheimer's disease is briefly discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Unnisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, KSA
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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9
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Markowicz-Piasecka M, Darłak P, Markiewicz A, Sikora J, Kumar Adla S, Bagina S, Huttunen KM. Current approaches to facilitate improved drug delivery to the central nervous system. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:249-262. [PMID: 36372271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although many pharmaceuticals have therapeutic potentials for central nervous system (CNS) diseases, few of these agents have been effectively administered. It is due to the fact that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSF) restrict them from crossing the brain to exert biological activity. This article reviews the current approaches aiming to improve penetration across these barriers for effective drug delivery to the CNS. These issues are summarized into direct systemic delivery and invasive delivery, including the BBB disruption and convection enhanced delivery. Furthermore, novel drug delivery systems used at the nanoscale, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, and micelles are discussed. These nanocarriers could contribute to a breakthrough in the treatment of many different CNS diseases. However, further broadened studies are needed to assess the biocompatibility and safety of these medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Darłak
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agata Markiewicz
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Sreelatha Bagina
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Finland Oy, Neulaniementie 4, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Paramanick D, Singh VD, Singh VK. Neuroprotective effect of phytoconstituents via nanotechnology for treatment of Alzheimer diseases. J Control Release 2022; 351:638-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tomar S, Yadav RK, Shah K, Dewangan HK. A comprehensive review on carrier mediated nose to brain targeting: emphasis on molecular targets, current trends, future prospects, and challenges. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2124255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Tomar
- Aligarh College of Pharmacy, Aligarh-Mathura Road, Mathura - Aligarh Bypass Road, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Yadav
- Formulation and Development of Injectable Department, Zydus Cadila Health Care Ltd, Sarkhej Bavla NH-8A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382210, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research (IPR), GLA University, NH-2 Mathura Delhi Road, PO- Chaumuhan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, NH-95 Chandigarh Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Zafar A, Awad Alsaidan O, Alruwaili NK, Sarim Imam S, Yasir M, Saad Alharbi K, Singh L, Muqtader Ahmed M. Formulation of intranasal surface engineered nanostructured lipid carriers of rotigotine: Full factorial design optimization, in vitro characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122232. [PMID: 36155794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to develop, optimize, and evaluate rotigotine (RT)-loaded chitosan (CH) coated nanostructured lipid carriers (RT-CH-NLCs) for nose-to-brain delivery. The NLCs were prepared by homogenization and sonication technique as well as optimized by using three factors at three-level Box-Behnken design. The prepared NLCs were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug release, and ex vivo permeation. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted on albino Wistar rats to evaluate the bioavailability and neuropharmacokinetic parameters after intranasal administration of the optimized formulation (RT-CH-NLCs-OPT). The optimized formulation showed the particle size (170.48 ± 8.37 nm), PDI (0.19 ± 0.03), zeta potential (+ 26.73 mV), and entrapment efficiency (82.37 ± 2.48 %). In vitro drug release study displayed a sustained drug release pattern from RT-CH-NLCs-OPT (86.73±8.58 % in 24 h) in comparison to RT-Dis (98.61±7.24 % in 16 h). The permeability coefficient (PC) was found to be 11.39 ± 1.08×10-4 cm.h-1 and 2.34 folds higher than RT-Dis (4.85±1.53×10-4 cm.h-1). The relative bioavailability of RT from RT-CH-NLCs-OPT was 3.2-fold greater as compared to RT-Dis. The absolute bioavailability of RT after intranasal administration of RT-CH-NLCs-OPT was 2.1-fold higher than RT-CH-NLCs-OPT administered intravenously. The brain targeting and targeting potential was displayed by DTE (422.03 %) and DTP (76.03 %) after intranasal administration of RT-CH-NLCs-OPT as compared to RT-Dis (DTE 173.91 % and DTP 59.97 %). Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy results confirmed better brain targeting for RT-CH-NLCs-OPT as compared to RT-Dis. From these findings, it could be concluded that RT-CH-NLCs could serve as a promising strategy for targeting RT through the intranasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeduzzafar Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil K Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella 396, Ethiopia
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubhan Singh
- Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, UP 250005, India
| | - Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Montegiove N, Calzoni E, Emiliani C, Cesaretti A. Biopolymer Nanoparticles for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: A New Promising Approach for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030125. [PMID: 36135560 PMCID: PMC9504125 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most disabling and the most difficult to cure due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which represents an impediment from a therapeutic and diagnostic point of view as it limits the entry of most drugs. The use of biocompatible polymer nanoparticles (NPs) as vehicles for targeted drug delivery to the brain arouses increasing interest. However, the route of administration of these vectors remains critical as the drug must be delivered without being degraded to achieve a therapeutic effect. An innovative approach for the administration of drugs to the brain using polymeric carriers is represented by the nose-to-brain (NtB) route which involves the administration of the therapeutic molecule through the neuro-olfactory epithelium of the nasal mucosa. Nasal administration is a non-invasive approach that allows the rapid transport of the drug directly to the brain and minimizes its systemic exposure. To date, many studies involve the use of polymer NPs for the NtB transport of drugs to the brain for the treatment of a whole series of disabling neurological diseases for which, as of today, there is no cure. In this review, various types of biodegradable polymer NPs for drug delivery to the brain through the NtB route are discussed and particular attention is devoted to the treatment of neurological diseases such as Glioblastoma and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Montegiove
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Calzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Negi A, Kesari KK. Chitosan Nanoparticle Encapsulation of Antibacterial Essential Oils. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081265. [PMID: 36014186 PMCID: PMC9415589 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is the most suitable encapsulation polymer because of its natural abundance, biodegradability, and surface functional groups in the form of free NH2 groups. The presence of NH2 groups allows for the facile grafting of functionalized molecules onto the chitosan surface, resulting in multifunctional materialistic applications. Quaternization of chitosan's free amino is one of the typical chemical modifications commonly achieved under acidic conditions. This quaternization improves its ionic character, making it ready for ionic-ionic surface modification. Although the cationic nature of chitosan alone exhibits antibacterial activity because of its interaction with negatively-charged bacterial membranes, the nanoscale size of chitosan further amplifies its antibiofilm activity. Additionally, the researcher used chitosan nanoparticles as polymeric materials to encapsulate antibiofilm agents (such as antibiotics and natural phytochemicals), serving as an excellent strategy to combat biofilm-based secondary infections. This paper provided a summary of available carbohydrate-based biopolymers as antibiofilm materials. Furthermore, the paper focuses on chitosan nanoparticle-based encapsulation of basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum), mandarin essential oil (Citrus reticulata), Carum copticum essential oil ("Ajwain"), dill plant seed essential oil (Anethum graveolens), peppermint oil (Mentha piperita), green tea oil (Camellia sinensis), cardamom essential oil, clove essential oil (Eugenia caryophyllata), cumin seed essential oil (Cuminum cyminum), lemongrass essential oil (Cymbopogon commutatus), summer savory essential oil (Satureja hortensis), thyme essential oil, cinnamomum essential oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and nettle essential oil (Urtica dioica). Additionally, chitosan nanoparticles are used for the encapsulation of the major essential components carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde, the encapsulation of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion of eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus), the encapsulation of a mandarin essential oil nanoemulsion, and the electrospinning nanofiber of collagen hydrolysate-chitosan with lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence: or (A.N.); or (K.K.K.)
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Correspondence: or (A.N.); or (K.K.K.)
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Hormone receptor binding, selectivity and cytotoxicity of steroid D-homo lactone loaded chitosan nanoparticles for the treatment of breast and prostate cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112597. [PMID: 35636320 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified steroids have a long history as anti-neoplastic drugs. Incorporation of a lactone moiety in the steroid nucleus, as in previously obtained 3β-acetoxy-17-oxa-17a-homoandrost-5-en-16-one (A) and 3β-hidroxy-17-oxa-17a-homoandrost-5-en-16-one (B), often results in enhanced anticancer properties. In this work, chitosan-based (Ch) nanoparticles were created and loaded with potent anticancer steroidal compounds, A and B. Changes to hormone receptor binding and cytotoxicity were then measured. In agreement with our previous results for A and B, A- and B-loaded Ch displayed cytotoxic properties against cancer cell lines. Both A-Ch and B-Ch showed activity toward estrogen negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and androgen negative prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3). Greater selectivity toward cancer cells versus healthy lung fibroblast (MRC-5) was observed for B-Ch particles. Cell viability and cytotoxicity measurements after a recovery period indicate more robust recovery of healthy cells versus malignant cells. Compounds A and B or their Ch-encapsulated forms were shown to have negligible affinity for the ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor β or the androgen receptor in a fluorescent yeast screen, suggesting a lack of estrogenicity and androgenicity. Steroid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles display strong cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 with a lack of hormone activity, indicating their safety and efficacy.
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16
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Functionalized chitosan as a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Inorganic Nanomaterials Versus Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Overcoming Neurodegeneration. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142337. [PMID: 35889562 PMCID: PMC9317100 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) affect a great number of people worldwide and also have a significant socio-economic impact on the aging population. In this context, nanomedicine applied to neurological disorders provides several biotechnological strategies and nanoformulations that improve life expectancy and the quality of life of patients affected by brain disorders. However, available treatments are limited by the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B–CSFB). In this regard, nanotechnological approaches could overcome these obstacles by updating various aspects (e.g., enhanced drug-delivery efficiency and bioavailability, BBB permeation and targeting the brain parenchyma, minimizing side effects). The aim of this review is to carefully explore the key elements of different neurological disorders and summarize the available nanomaterials applied for neurodegeneration therapy looking at several types of nanocarriers. Moreover, nutraceutical-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) and synthesized NPs using green approaches are also discussed underling the need to adopt eco-friendly procedures with a low environmental impact. The proven antioxidant properties related to several natural products provide an interesting starting point for developing efficient and green nanotools useful for neuroprotection.
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Yasir M, Zafar A, Noorulla KM, Tura AJ, Sara UVS, Panjwani D, Khalid M, Haji MJ, Gobena WG, Gebissa T, Dalecha DD. Nose to brain delivery of donepezil through surface modified NLCs: Formulation development, optimization, and brain targeting study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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19
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Nigam K, Kaur A, Tyagi A, Manda K, Goswami N, Nematullah M, Khan F, Gabrani R, Gauba P, Dang S. In vitro & In vivo evaluations of PLGA nanoparticle based combinatorial drug therapy for Baclofen and Lamotrigine for neuropathic pain management. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:95-109. [PMID: 35147068 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2041751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Baclofen and Lamotrigine via PLGA nanoparticles were developed for nose-to-brain delivery for treatment of Neuropathic pain. METHODS Nanoparticles were prepared using modified nano-precipitation method. The prepared NPs were characterized and further in vitro and in vivo studies were performed. RESULTS The Bcf-Ltg-PLGA-NPs were ∼177.7nm with >75%(w/w) drugs encapsulated. In vitro dissolution studies suggested zero-order release profiles following Korsmeyer-Peppas model. In vitro cytotoxicity and staining studies on mammalian cells showed dose dependant cytotoxicity where nanoparticles were significantly less toxic(>95% cell-viability). ELISA studies on RAW-macrophages showed Bcf-Ltg-PLGA-NPs as potential pro-inflammatory-cytokines inhibitor. In vivo gamma-scintigraphy studies on rats showed intra-nasal administration of 99mTc-Bcf-Ltg-PLGA-NPs showed Cmax 3.6%/g at Tmax=1.5h with DTE% as 191.23% and DTP% = 38.61% in brain. Pharmacodynamics evaluations on C57BL/6J mice showed significant reduction in licks/bites during inflammation induced phase II pain. CONCLUSION The findings concluded that combination of these drugs into single nanoparticle-based formulation has potential for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Nigam
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, NOIDA, India, 201309
| | - Atinderpal Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, NOIDA, India, 201309
| | - Amit Tyagi
- Institute of Nuclear medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Timarpur, Delhi, India, 110054
| | - Kailash Manda
- Institute of Nuclear medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Timarpur, Delhi, India, 110054
| | - Nidhi Goswami
- Institute of Nuclear medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Timarpur, Delhi, India, 110054
| | - Md Nematullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, 110062
| | - Reema Gabrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, NOIDA, India, 201309
| | - Pammi Gauba
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, NOIDA, India, 201309
| | - Shweta Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, NOIDA, India, 201309
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20
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A P, Agrawal M, Dethe MR, Ahmed H, Yadav A, Gupta U, Alexander A. Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Current advancements and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:87-102. [PMID: 35040728 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2029845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The irreversible destruction of neurons, progressive loss of memory and cognitive behavior, high cost of therapy, and impact on society desire a better, effective, and affordable treatment of AD. The nose-to-brain drug delivery approach holds a great potential to access the brain without any hindrance of BBB and result in higher bioavailability thus better therapeutic efficacy of anti-AD drugs. AREAS COVERED The present review article highlighted the current facts and worldwide statistics of AD and its detailed etiology. Followed by barriers to brain delivery, nose-to-brain delivery, their limitations, and amalgamation with various novel carrier systems. We have emphasized recent advancements in nose-to-brain delivery using mucoadhesive, stimuli-responsive carriers, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, protein/peptide delivery for treatment of AD. EXPERT OPINION The available therapies are symptomatic, mitigate the symptoms of AD at the initial stages. In this lieu, nose-to-brain delivery has the ability to overcome these limitations and increase drug bioavailability in the brain. Various novel strategies including stimuli-responsive systems, nanoparticles, etc. enhance the nasal drug permeation, protects the drug, and enhance its therapeutic potency. Although, successful preclinical data does not assure the clinical success of the therapy and hence exhaustive clinical investigations are needed to make the therapy available for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran A
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad, India, 509301
| | - Mithun Rajendra Dethe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Awesh Yadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226002
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India, 305817
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
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Ogbodo JO, Agbo CP, Njoku UO, Ogugofor MO, Egba SI, Ihim SA, Echezona AC, Brendan KC, Upaganlawar AB, Upasani CD. Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:2-25. [PMID: 33653258 DOI: 10.2174/1874609814666210302085232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Genetics, excessive exposure to environmental pollutants, as well as unhealthy lifestyle practices are often linked to the development of AD. No therapeutic approach has achieved complete success in treating AD; however, early detection and management with appropriate drugs are key to improving prognosis. INTERVENTIONS The pathogenesis of AD was extensively discussed in order to understand the reasons for the interventions suggested. The interventions reviewed include the use of different therapeutic agents and approaches, gene therapy, adherence to healthy dietary plans (Mediterranean diet, Okinawan diet and MIND diet), as well as the use of medicinal plants. The potential of nanotechnology as a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach in the design of nano-formulations of AD drugs and the use of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) as theranostic tools for early detection of Alzheimer's disease were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Ogbodo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinazom P Agbo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Ugochi O Njoku
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | - Simeon I Egba
- Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Stella A Ihim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Sureshdada Shriman\'s College of Pharmacy, New Dehli, India
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Shankar J, K.M G, Wilson B. Potential applications of nanomedicine for treating Parkinson's disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Spanos A, Athanasiou K, Ioannou A, Fotopoulos V, Krasia-Christoforou T. Functionalized Magnetic Nanomaterials in Agricultural Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3106. [PMID: 34835870 PMCID: PMC8623625 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of functional nanomaterials exhibiting cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility and biodegradability in the form of nanoadditives, nanofertilizers, nanosensors, nanopesticides and herbicides, etc., has attracted considerable attention in the field of agriculture. Such nanomaterials have demonstrated the ability to increase crop production, enable the efficient and targeted delivery of agrochemicals and nutrients, enhance plant resistance to various stress factors and act as nanosensors for the detection of various pollutants, plant diseases and insufficient plant nutrition. Among others, functional magnetic nanomaterials based on iron, iron oxide, cobalt, cobalt and nickel ferrite nanoparticles, etc., are currently being investigated in agricultural applications due to their unique and tunable magnetic properties, the existing versatility with regard to their (bio)functionalization, and in some cases, their inherent ability to increase crop yield. This review article provides an up-to-date appraisal of functionalized magnetic nanomaterials being explored in the agricultural sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Spanos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (A.S.); (A.I.); (V.F.)
| | - Kyriakos Athanasiou
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| | - Andreas Ioannou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (A.S.); (A.I.); (V.F.)
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology & Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (A.S.); (A.I.); (V.F.)
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Cassini C, Zatti PH, Angeli VW, Branco CS, Salvador M. Mutual effects of free and nanoencapsulated phenolic compounds on human microbiota. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3160-3178. [PMID: 34720074 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211101095131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PC) have many health benefits such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. All of these activities depend on their chemical structures and their interaction with biological targets in the body. PC occur naturally in polymerized form, linked to glycosides and requires metabolic transformation from their ingestion to their absorption. The gut microbiota can transform PC into more easily absorbed metabolites. The PC, in turn, have prebiotic and antimicrobial actions on the microbiota. Despite this, their low oral bioavailability still compromises biological performance. Therefore, the use of nanocarriers has been demonstrated to be a useful strategy to improve PC absorption and, consequently, their health effects. Nanotechnology is an excellent alternative able to overcome the limits of oral bioavailability of PC, since it offers protection from degradation during their passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, nanotechnology is also capable of promoting controlled PC release and modulating the interaction between PC and the microbiota. However, little is known about the impact of the nanotechnology on PC effects on the gut microbiota. This review highlights the use of nanotechnology for PC delivery on gut microbiota, focusing on the ability of such formulations to enhance oral bioavailability by applying nanocarriers (polymeric nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles). In addition, the effects of free and nanocarried PC or nanocarriers per se on gut microbiota are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Cassini
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul. Brazil
| | | | | | - Catia Santos Branco
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul. Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul. Brazil
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Md S, Alhakamy NA, Alfaleh MA, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Iqubal A, Shaik RA. Mechanisms Involved in Microglial-Interceded Alzheimer's Disease and Nanocarrier-Based Treatment Approaches. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1116. [PMID: 34834468 PMCID: PMC8619529 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder accountable for dementia and cognitive dysfunction. The etiology of AD is complex and multifactorial in origin. The formation and deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau protein, neuroinflammation, persistent oxidative stress, and alteration in signaling pathways have been extensively explored among the various etiological hallmarks. However, more recently, the immunogenic regulation of AD has been identified, and macroglial activation is considered a limiting factor in its etiological cascade. Macroglial activation causes neuroinflammation via modulation of the NLRP3/NF-kB/p38 MAPKs pathway and is also involved in tau pathology via modulation of the GSK-3β/p38 MAPK pathways. Additionally, microglial activation contributes to the discrete release of neurotransmitters and an altered neuronal synaptic plasticity. Therefore, activated microglial cells appear to be an emerging target for managing and treating AD. This review article discussed the pathology of microglial activation in AD and the role of various nanocarrier-based anti-Alzeihmenr's therapeutic approaches that can either reverse or inhibit this activation. Thus, as a targeted drug delivery system, nanocarrier approaches could emerge as a novel means to overcome existing AD therapy limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Rasheed A. Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Abosabaa SA, Arafa MG, ElMeshad AN. Hybrid chitosan-lipid nanoparticles of green tea extract as natural anti-cellulite agent with superior in vivo potency: full synthesis and analysis. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2160-2176. [PMID: 34623203 PMCID: PMC8510615 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1989088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to exploit the advantages of chitosan (CS) as a nanocarrier for delivery of anti-cellulite drug, green tea extract (GTE), into subcutaneous adipose tissue. Primarily, analysis of herbal extract was conducted via newly developed and validated UPLC method. Ionic gelation method was adopted in the preparation of nanoparticles where the effect lecithin was investigated resulting in the formation of hybrid lipid-chitosan nanoparticles. Optimal formula showed a particle size of 292.6 ± 8.98 nm, polydispersity index of 0.253 ± 0.02, zeta potential of 41.03 ± 0.503 mV and an entrapment efficiency percent of 68.4 ± 1.88%. Successful interaction between CS, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and lecithin was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. Morphological examination was done using transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope confirmed spherical uniform nature of GTE load CS-TPP nanoparticles. Ex vivo permeation study revealed permeability enhancing activity of the selected optimal formula due to higher GTE deposition in skin in comparison to GTE solution. Moreover in vivo study done on female albino Wistar rats carried out for 21 days proved successful potential anti-cellulite activity upon its application on rats’ skin. Histological examination showed significant reduction of adipocyte perimeter and area and fat layer thickness. Results of the current study demonstrated that the developed GTE-loaded CS-TPP nanoparticle comprised of chitosan and lecithin showed permeability enhancing activity along with the proven lipolytic effect of green tea represent a promising delivery system for anti-cellulite activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Abosabaa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City, Egypt.,Chemotherapeutic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Nabil ElMeshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, The Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kumaran S, Perianaika Anahas AM, Prasannabalaji N, Karthiga M, Bharathi S, Rajasekar T, Joseph J, Prasad SG, Pandian S, Pugazhvendan SR, Aruni W. Chitin derivatives of NAG and chitosan nanoparticles from marine disposal yards and their use for economically feasible fish feed development. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130746. [PMID: 34022595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the disposal of shellfishery waste is a major challenge and causes a risk to the coastal region. For potential development in aquaculture, the use of safe supplements to improve fish production and health is important. Chitosan (CS) used as feed additives for several fish species that enhanced production and immunity. The present study was intended to assess the effect of feed additives N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) on productivity, survival rate, and protein conversion efficiency of Oreochromis niloticus (L.). This is the first report on the effect of CSNPs and NAG loaded CSNPs as feed additives enhanced growth performance and non-specific immunity of O. niloticus. CSNPs and NAG loaded CSNPs were synthesized and characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscope, FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, and zeta sizer. Fish (15.30 ± 0.23 g) administered diets fortified with 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g CSNPs/kg feed loaded with NAG for 45 d. The diets containing 1.0 g/kg NAG loaded CSNPs enhanced specific growth rate, weight gain, survival rate, respiratory burst, and lysozyme activities of tilapia compared control group. The data shows biologically active CSNPs and NAG loaded CSNPs are potent antimicrobial agents against selected bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, the findings suggested that the dietary supplement containing NAG loaded CSNPs significantly increased immune-modulatory properties, growth performance, and enhanced their disease resistance of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Kumaran
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Antonyraj Matharasi Perianaika Anahas
- Department of Microbiology, Centre of Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nainangu Prasannabalaji
- PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram, 631561, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Muthuramalingam Karthiga
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Bharathi
- PG & Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College, Kanchipuram, 631561, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Rajasekar
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jerrine Joseph
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Sivakumar Pandian
- Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India
| | - Sampath Renuga Pugazhvendan
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Cuddalore, 608002, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar, 604407, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Wilson Aruni
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, Tamilnadu, India; School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA, 92354, USA
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Dawod A, Osman N, Heikal HS, Ali KA, Kandil OM, Shehata AA, Hafez HM, Mahboub H. Impact of Nano-Bromocriptine on Egg Production Performance and Prolactin Expression in Layers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102842. [PMID: 34679863 PMCID: PMC8532771 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Egg production is one of the most vital axes in the poultry industry. During the late laying period, the egg production continuously decreases, and pauses among the sequence of egg laying increases; however, the feed costs remain constant. Several attempts were carried out to improve the reproductive performance of laying hens by decreasing the prolactin level in the blood; an increase in this hormone initiates the onset of incubation behavior in chickens. In this study, we investigated the potential use of nano-bromocriptine to the improve egg production performance in laying hens. The use of alginate-bromocriptine leads to a significant reduction in the prolactin expression in the pituitary gland, which in turn allows the elongation in sequences and reduction in pauses, as well as the feed per dozen egg in laying hens. Further studies are needed to assess the impacts of nano-bromocriptine on other performance parameters. Thus, the improvement of egg production persistency must also go hand in hand with sustainable egg quality and the maintenance of the birds’ health. Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the potential use of nano-bromocriptine in improving the laying performance of late laying hens by modulating the prolactin gene expression. A total of 150 NOVOgen brown laying hens aged 70 weeks were randomly allocated into three groups of 50 birds each. The first group was kept as a control, while the second and the third groups were treated with bromocriptine and nano-bromocriptine, respectively, at a dose of 100 µg/kg body weight per week. The pause days, egg production, feed per dozen egg, and Haugh unit were determined on a monthly basis. Also, the relative prolactin gene expression in the pituitary gland was quantified using qPCR and the number of the ovarian follicles was determined after slaughtering at the 84th week of age. It was found that nano-bromocriptine and bromocriptine improved egg laying performance with minimal pause days, reduced feed per dozen egg, and depressed the relative prolactin gene expression; however, nano-bromocriptine treatment was significantly effective compared to bromocriptine. In conclusion, nano-bromocriptine might be beneficial for elongating sequences and reducing pauses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dawod
- Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt; (A.D.); (N.O.); (H.S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Noha Osman
- Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt; (A.D.); (N.O.); (H.S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Hanim S. Heikal
- Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt; (A.D.); (N.O.); (H.S.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Korany A. Ali
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Science, Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Omaima M. Kandil
- Center of Excellence for Embryo and Genetic Resources Conservation Bank, Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt;
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Hamada Mahboub
- Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia 32897, Egypt; (A.D.); (N.O.); (H.S.H.); (H.M.)
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Gadhave D, Tupe S, Tagalpallewar A, Gorain B, Choudhury H, Kokare C. Nose-to-brain delivery of amisulpride-loaded lipid-based poloxamer-gellan gum nanoemulgel: In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121050. [PMID: 34454028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unfavorable side effects of available antipsychotics limit the use of conventional delivery systems, where limited exposure of the drugs to the systemic circulation could reduce the associated risks. The potential of intranasal delivery is gaining interest to treat brain disorders by delivering the drugs directly to the brain circumventing the tight junctions of the blood-brain barrier with limited systemic exposure of the entrapped therapeutic. Therefore, the present research was aimed to fabricate, optimize and investigate the therapeutic efficacy of amisulpride (AMS)-loaded intranasal in situ nanoemulgel (AMS-NG) in the treatment of schizophrenia. In this context, AMS nanoemulsion (AMS-NE) was prepared by employing aqueous-titration method and optimized using Box-Behnken statistical design. The optimized nanoemulsion was subjected to evaluation of globule size, transmittance, zeta potential, and mucoadhesive strength, which were found to be 92.15 nm, 99.57%, -18.22 mV, and 8.90 g, respectively. The AMS-NE was converted to AMS-NG using poloxamer 407 and gellan gum. Following pharmacokinetic evaluation in Wistar rats, the brain Cmax for intranasal AMS-NG was found to be 1.48-folds and 3.39-folds higher when compared to intranasal AMS-NE and intravenous AMS-NE, respectively. Moreover, behavioral investigations of developed formulations were devoid of any extrapyramidal side effects in the experimental model. Finally, outcomes of the in vivo hematological study confirmed that intranasal administration of formulation for 28 days did not alter leukocytes and agranulocytes count. In conclusion, the promising results of the developed and optimized intranasal AMS-NG could provide a novel platform for the effective and safe delivery of AMS in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyandev Gadhave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, HSBPVTS, GOI, College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Kashti, Ahmednagar 414701, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrikant Tupe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Tagalpallewar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India; School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandrakant Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India.
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Oh JW, Shin J, Chun S, Muthu M, Gopal J. Evaluating the Anticarcinogenic Activity of Surface Modified/Functionalized Nanochitosan: The Emerging Trends and Endeavors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3138. [PMID: 34578039 PMCID: PMC8471611 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan begins its humble journey from marine food shell wastes and ends up as a versatile nutraceutical. This review focuses on briefly discussing the antioxidant activity of chitosan and retrospecting the accomplishments of chitosan nanoparticles as an anticarcinogen. The various modified/functionalized/encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles and nanoforms have been listed and their biomedical deliverables presented. The anticancer accomplishments of chitosan and its modified composites have been reviewed and presented. The future of surface modified chitosan and the lacunae in the current research focus have been discussed as future perspective. This review puts forth the urge to expand the scientific curiosity towards attempting a variety of functionalization and surface modifications to chitosan. There are few well known modifications and functionalization that benefit biomedical applications that have been proven for other systems. Being a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer, chitosan-based nanomaterials are an attractive option for medical applications. Therefore, maximizing expansion of its bioactive properties are explored. The need for applying the ideal functionalization that will significantly promote the anticancer contributions of chitosan nanomaterials has also been stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.-W.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.-W.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (S.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (S.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (S.C.); (M.M.)
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31
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Gheorghita R, Anchidin-Norocel L, Filip R, Dimian M, Covasa M. Applications of Biopolymers for Drugs and Probiotics Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2729. [PMID: 34451268 PMCID: PMC8399127 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Research regarding the use of biopolymers has been of great interest to scientists, the medical community, and the industry especially in recent years. Initially used for food applications, the special properties extended their use to the pharmaceutical and medical industries. The practical applications of natural drug encapsulation materials have emerged as a result of the benefits of the use of biopolymers as edible coatings and films in the food industry. This review highlights the use of polysaccharides in the pharmaceutical industries and as encapsulation materials for controlled drug delivery systems including probiotics, focusing on their development, various applications, and benefits. The paper provides evidence in support of research studying the use of biopolymers in the development of new drug delivery systems, explores the challenges and limitations in integrating polymer-derived materials with product delivery optimization, and examines the host biological/metabolic parameters that can be used in the development of new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Gheorghita
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.); (L.A.-N.)
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Liliana Anchidin-Norocel
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.); (L.A.-N.)
| | - Roxana Filip
- Hipocrat Clinical Laboratory, 720003 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.); (L.A.-N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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32
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Targeting Systems to the Brain Obtained by Merging Prodrugs, Nanoparticles, and Nasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081144. [PMID: 34452105 PMCID: PMC8399330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
About 40 years ago the lipidization of hydrophilic drugs was proposed to induce their brain targeting by transforming them into lipophilic prodrugs. Unfortunately, lipidization often transforms a hydrophilic neuroactive agent into an active efflux transporter (AET) substrate, with consequent rejection from the brain after permeation across the blood brain barrier (BBB). Currently, the prodrug approach has greatly evolved in comparison to lipidization. This review describes the evolution of the prodrug approach for brain targeting considering the design of prodrugs as active influx substrates or molecules able to inhibit or elude AETs. Moreover, the prodrug approach appears strategic in optimization of the encapsulation of neuroactive drugs in nanoparticulate systems that can be designed to induce their receptor-mediated transport (RMT) across the BBB by appropriate decorations on their surface. Nasal administration is described as a valuable alternative to obtain the brain targeting of drugs, evidencing that the prodrug approach can allow the optimization of micro or nanoparticulate nasal formulations of neuroactive agents in order to obtain this goal. Furthermore, nasal administration is also proposed for prodrugs characterized by peripheral instability but potentially able to induce their targeting inside cells of the brain.
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Sahu P, Kashaw SK, Kashaw V, Shabaaz JP, Dahiya R. Synthesis and ex vivo evaluation of PLGA chitosan surface modulated double walled transdermal Pluronic nanogel for the controlled delivery of Temozolomide. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:742-754. [PMID: 34310997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A surface modulated biodegradable transdermal strategy has been exploited for improving the biopharmaceutical properties of Temozolomide augmented in Poly Lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) chitosan double walled nanogel (PCNGL). The PCNGL was synthesized by dual approach methodology showing consistent nanosize particle range of 210 nm and PDI 0.325 ± 0.43 with cationic zeta potential values +29.34 ± 0.79 mV. The PCNGL showed qualitative endothermic & exothermic temperature dependent degradation peaks by thermogravimetry analysis. Blood hemolysis and coagulation assay showed 3.37 ± 0.19 as hemolytic ratio, validating biologically safe margin for transdermal delivery. The in vitro drug release showed 85% transdermal release at slightly acidic pH mimicking skin microenvironment. The ex vivo studies displayed noteworthy penetration potential validated by concentration depth assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy, exhibiting 80% Temozolomide uptake in porcine epidermal tissue. The current research demonstrated the biodegradable controlled delivery of chemotherapeutic Temozolomide leading to biologically safe transdermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, India.
| | - Varsha Kashaw
- Sagar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, MP, India
| | - J P Shabaaz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, J.B. Campus, Bangalore 5600n56, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Cingi C, Bayar Muluk N, Mitsias DI, Papadopoulos NG, Klimek L, Laulajainen-Hongisto A, Hytönen M, Toppila-Salmi SK, Scadding GK. The Nose as a Route for Therapy: Part 1. Pharmacotherapy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:638136. [PMID: 35387039 PMCID: PMC8974766 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.638136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews nasal structure and function in the light of intranasal pharmacotherapy. The nose provides an accessible, fast route for local treatment of nose and sinus diseases, with lower doses than are necessary systemically and few adverse effects. It can also be used for other medications as it has sufficient surface area protected from local damage by mucociliary clearance, absence of digestive enzymes, responsive blood flow, and provides a rapid route to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Cingi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Nuray Bayar Muluk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Dimitrios I Mitsias
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Centre for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Anu Laulajainen-Hongisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Hytönen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Katriina Toppila-Salmi
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine, The Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Glenis Kathleen Scadding
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Altinoglu G, Adali T. Alzheimer's Disease Targeted Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:628-646. [PMID: 31744447 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191118123151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and is part of a massive and growing health care burden that is destroying the cognitive function of more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Today, therapeutic options are limited to approaches with mild symptomatic benefits. The failure in developing effective drugs is attributed to, but not limited to the highly heterogeneous nature of AD with multiple underlying hypotheses and multifactorial pathology. In addition, targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), for the diagnosis and therapy of neurological diseases like AD, is restricted by the challenges posed by blood-brain interfaces surrounding the CNS, limiting the bioavailability of therapeutics. Research done over the last decade has focused on developing new strategies to overcome these limitations and successfully deliver drugs to the CNS. Nanoparticles, that are capable of encapsulating drugs with sustained drug release profiles and adjustable physiochemical properties, can cross the protective barriers surrounding the CNS. Thus, nanotechnology offers new hope for AD treatment as a strong alternative to conventional drug delivery mechanisms. In this review, the potential application of nanoparticle based approaches in Alzheimer's disease and their implications in therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülcem Altinoglu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.,Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Centre, Centre of Excellence, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10 Turkey
| | - Terin Adali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.,Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Centre, Centre of Excellence, Near East University, P.O. Box: 99138, North Cyprus via Mersin 10 Turkey
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36
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Ahmad N, Ahmad R, Amir M, Alam MA, Almakhamel MZ, Ali A, Ahmad A, Ashraf K. Ischemic brain treated with 6-gingerol loaded mucoadhesive nanoemulsion via intranasal delivery and their comparative pharmacokinetic effect in brain. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Wilson B, Mohamed Alobaid BN, Geetha KM, Jenita JL. Chitosan nanoparticles to enhance nasal absorption and brain targeting of sitagliptin to treat Alzheimer's disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Buspirone loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for amplification of nose to brain efficacy: Formulation development, optimization by Box-Behnken design, in-vitro characterization and in-vivo biological evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, Verma RK, Chawla V, Bhattamisra SK, Gorain B, Raja MAG, Amjad MW. Nanoparticles Based Intranasal Delivery of Drug to Treat Alzheimer's Disease: A Recent Update. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:648-662. [PMID: 32819251 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319999200819095620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer Association Report (2019) stated that the 6th primary cause of death in the USA is Alzheimer's Disease (AD), which leads to behaviour and cognitive impairment. Nearly 5.8 million peoples of all ages in the USA have suffered from this disease, including 5.6 million elderly populations. The statistics of the progression of this disease is similar to the global scenario. Still, the treatment of AD is limited to a few conventional oral drugs, which often fail to deliver an adequate amount of the drug in the brain. The reduction in the therapeutic efficacy of an anti-AD drug is due to poor solubility, existence to the blood-brain barrier and low permeability. In this context, nasal drug delivery emerges as a promising route for the delivery of large and small molecular drugs for the treatment of AD. This promising pathway delivers the drug directly into the brain via an olfactory route, which leads to the low systemic side effect, enhanced bioavailability, and higher therapeutic efficacy. However, few setbacks, such as mucociliary clearance and poor drug mucosal permeation, limit its translation from the laboratory to the clinic. The above stated limitation could be overcome by the adaption of nanoparticle as a drug delivery carrier, which may lead to prolong delivery of drugs with better permeability and high efficacy. This review highlights the latest work on the development of promising Nanoparticles (NPs) via the intranasal route for the treatment of AD. Additionally, the current update in this article will draw the attention of the researcher working on these fields and facing challenges in practical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University-Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University-Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohit Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University- Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University-Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia
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Prakapenka AV, Peña VL, Strouse I, Northup-Smith S, Schrier A, Ahmed K, Bimonte-Nelson HA, Sirianni RW. Intranasal 17β-Estradiol Modulates Spatial Learning and Memory in a Rat Model of Surgical Menopause. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1225. [PMID: 33348722 PMCID: PMC7766209 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenously administered 17β-estradiol (E2) can improve spatial learning and memory, although E2 also exerts undesired effects on peripheral organs. Clinically, E2 has been solubilized in cyclodextrin for intranasal administration, which enhances brain-specific delivery. Prior work shows that the cyclodextrin structure impacts region-specific brain distribution of intranasally administered small molecules. Here, we investigated (1) cyclodextrin type-specific modulation of intranasal E2 brain distribution, and (2) cognitive and peripheral tissue effects of intranasal E2 in middle-aged ovariectomized rats. First, brain and peripheral organ distribution of intranasally administered, tritiated E2 was measured for E2 solubilized freely or in one of four cyclodextrin formulations. The E2-cyclodextrin formulation with greatest E2 uptake in cognitive brain regions versus uterine horns was then compared to free E2 on learning, memory, and uterine measures. Free E2 improved spatial reference memory, whereas E2-cyclodextrin impaired spatial working memory compared to their respective controls. Both E2 formulations increased uterine horn weights relative to controls, with E2-cyclodextrin resulting in the greatest uterine horn weight, suggesting increased uterine stimulation. Thus, intranasal administration of freely solubilized E2 is a strategic delivery tool that can yield a cognitively beneficial impact of the hormone alongside decreased peripheral effects compared to intranasal administration of cyclodextrin solubilized E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia V. Prakapenka
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.V.P.); (V.L.P.); (I.S.); (S.N.-S.); (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.A.B.-N.)
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Veronica L. Peña
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.V.P.); (V.L.P.); (I.S.); (S.N.-S.); (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.A.B.-N.)
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Isabel Strouse
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.V.P.); (V.L.P.); (I.S.); (S.N.-S.); (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.A.B.-N.)
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Steven Northup-Smith
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.V.P.); (V.L.P.); (I.S.); (S.N.-S.); (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.A.B.-N.)
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Ally Schrier
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.V.P.); (V.L.P.); (I.S.); (S.N.-S.); (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.A.B.-N.)
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Kinza Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.V.P.); (V.L.P.); (I.S.); (S.N.-S.); (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.A.B.-N.)
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Heather A. Bimonte-Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; (A.V.P.); (V.L.P.); (I.S.); (S.N.-S.); (A.S.); (K.A.); (H.A.B.-N.)
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ 85014, USA
| | - Rachael W. Sirianni
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, UTHealth Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Elsenosy FM, Abdelbary GA, Elshafeey AH, Elsayed I, Fares AR. Brain Targeting of Duloxetine HCL via Intranasal Delivery of Loaded Cubosomal Gel: In vitro Characterization, ex vivo Permeation, and in vivo Biodistribution Studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9517-9537. [PMID: 33324051 PMCID: PMC7732760 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s277352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Duloxetine (DLX) is dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor suffering from limited bioavailability (≈ 40%) due to extensive hepatic metabolism. This work aims to formulate and evaluate DLX intranasal thermoreversible cubosomal gels to enhance its bioavailability and ensure efficient brain targeting. Materials and Methods Cubo-gels were prepared by 33 central composite design with three independent factors, lipid ratio (glycerol monooleate: glycerol tripalmitate), Pluronic F127%, and Pluronic F68%. The prepared formulations were evaluated for their particle size (PS), gelling temperature (GT), entrapment efficiency (EE%), and in vitro release. The cubo-gel with the highest desirability (0.88) was chosen as the optimized formulation. DLX cubo-gel was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Cytotoxicity study, ex vivo permeation study and in vivo bio-distribution study were conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of brain targeting. Results The optimum cubo-gel was composed of 3.76 lipid ratio, 20% w/v PF127, and 5% w/v PF68. It had PS of 265.13 ± 9.85 nm, GT of 32 ± 0.05°C, EE% of 98.13 ± 0.50%, and showed controlled release behavior where 33% DLX was released within 6 hrs. The plain in situ cubo-gel had a significantly higher IC50 compared to DLX solution and DLX-loaded in situ cubo-gel. The ex vivo permeation study showed 1.27 enhancement in the drug permeation from DLX in situ cubo-gel. According to the in vivo bio-distribution study in plasma and brain, the intranasal DLX in situ cubo-gel showed a 1.96 fold improvement in brain bioavailability compared to the intranasal solution. Its BTE% and DTP% were 137.77 and 10.5, respectively, indicating efficient brain targeting after intranasal administration. Conclusion Accordingly, intranasal DLX in situ cubo-gel can be considered as an innovative nano-carrier delivery system for bioavailability enhancement and efficient brain targeting of DLX to maximize its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada Ahmed Abdelbary
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hassen Elshafeey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Roshdy Fares
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Shayegh A, Khalatbari F, Zonoubi N, Zarazvand F, Monavvari F, Hejazinia H, Ebrahimi SES, Hamedani MP, Ali V, Hadadian S, Farzaneh J, Seyedhamzeh M, Ardestani MS. Chlorambucil-Chitosan Nano-Conjugate: An Efficient Agent Against Breast Cancer Targeted Therapy. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:721-728. [PMID: 33109048 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666201027122620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovering new chemotherapy drugs and techniques with the least side effects is one of the most important and challenging issues in recent years worldwide. Chlorambucil is an anticancer drug that is still commonly used as a primary treatment in treating some cancers, but it can cause side effects. OBJECTIVE In this study, we decided to use chitosan as a carrier to enhance the uptake of chlorambucil and reduce the toxicity of this drug. METHODS After producing this nanoconjugate compound and analysing its structure by FTIR, DLS and AFM analysis, we investigated the therapeutic and biological effects of this nanoconjugate compound on the MCF-7 cell line (breast cancer). RESULTS The results of the MTT assay showed that this nanoconjugate compound not only retained its anticancer effect against chlorambucil but also showed less abnormal toxicity. In addition, in vitro cellular uptake by flow cytometry indicated the better uptake final product into the MCF-7 cells. The detection of apoptosis induced cell death was confirmed by RT-PCR. CONCLUSION This study has created a prospective pathway for targeting cancer cells using chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Shayegh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Khalatbari
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Ashrafi Esfahani, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Zonoubi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farjad Zarazvand
- Department of Pharmacy, Mashahd University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Monavvari
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Hejazinia
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Pirali Hamedani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shahin Hadadian
- Pilot Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Farzaneh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Seyedhamzeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Manek E, Darvas F, Petroianu GA. Use of Biodegradable, Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:E4866. [PMID: 33096898 PMCID: PMC7587961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 24 million people worldwide and represents an immense medical, social and economic burden. While a vast array of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is available for the prevention and possibly treatment of AD, applicability is limited by the selective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as by their severe peripheral side effects. A promising solution to these problems is the incorporation of anti-Alzheimer drugs in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). However, while several polymeric NPs are nontoxic and biocompatible, many of them are not biodegradable and thus not appropriate for CNS-targeting. Among polymeric nanocarriers, chitosan-based NPs emerge as biodegradable yet stable vehicles for the delivery of CNS medications. Furthermore, due to their mucoadhesive character and intrinsic bioactivity, chitosan NPs can not only promote brain penetration of drugs via the olfactory route, but also act as anti-Alzheimer therapeutics themselves. Here we review how chitosan-based NPs could be used to address current challenges in the treatment of AD; with a specific focus on the enhancement of blood-brain barrier penetration of anti-Alzheimer drugs and on the reduction of their peripheral side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Manek
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi POB 12 77 88, UAE;
| | - Ferenc Darvas
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Georg A. Petroianu
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi POB 12 77 88, UAE;
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Mohamed S, Nasr M, Salama A, Refai H. Novel lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles incorporated in thermosensitive in situ gel for intranasal delivery of terbutaline sulphate. J Microencapsul 2020; 37:577-594. [PMID: 32969722 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2020.1826590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present work aimed to improve the bioavailability of terbutaline sulphate (TS) and to prolong its nasal residence time for the treatment of asthma. METHODS Chitosan/pectin polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (CS/PC) were prepared by ionic gelation method and coated with phospholipid (PL) and then incorporated into optimised thermosensitive in situ gel. RESULTS The optimal PL-coated nanoparticle formulation (LP1) showed the smallest particle size (345.5 nm), the highest zeta potential (32.9 mV) and the greatest percent drug released after 6 h (71%). The optimum in situ gel loaded with LP1 (NG3) showed three times greater permeation through nasal mucosa than aqueous solution of TS and revealed about 94% and 92% of the effect of IV injection of drug solution on tidal volume and peak expiratory flow in histamine treated rats, respectively. CONCLUSION The developed PL-coated CS/PC/in situ gel could be considered as a promising intranasal formulation of TS for asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Mohamed
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Refai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
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Nose to brain delivery of eletriptan hydrobromide nanoparticles: Preparation, in vitro/in vivo evaluation and effect on trigeminal activation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Zhao N, Francis NL, Calvelli HR, Moghe PV. Microglia-targeting nanotherapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:030902. [PMID: 32923843 PMCID: PMC7481010 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the design of nanotherapeutic platforms that could address the challenges of targeted delivery of active therapeutic agents to the central nervous system (CNS). While the majority of previous research studies on CNS nanotherapeutics have focused on neurons and endothelial cells, the predominant resident immune cells of the CNS, microglia, are also emerging as a promising cellular target for neurodegeneration considering their prominent role in neuroinflammation. Under normal physiological conditions, microglia protect neurons by removing pathological agents. However, long-term exposure of microglia to stimulants will cause sustained activation and lead to neuronal damage due to the release of pro-inflammatory agents, resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. This Perspective highlights criteria to be considered when designing microglia-targeting nanotherapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. These criteria include conjugating specific microglial receptor-targeting ligands or peptides to the nanoparticle surface to achieve targeted delivery, leveraging microglial phagocytic properties, and utilizing biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials with low immune reactivity and neurotoxicity. In addition, certain therapeutic agents for the controlled inhibition of toxic protein aggregation and for modulation of microglial activation pathways can also be incorporated within the nanoparticle structure without compromising stability. Overall, considering the multifaceted disease mechanisms of neurodegeneration, microglia-targeted nanodrugs and nanotherapeutic particles may have the potential to resolve multiple pathological determinants of the disease and to guide a shift in the microglial phenotype spectrum toward a more neuroprotective state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxia Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 98 Brett Rd., Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Nicola L. Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 599 Taylor Rd., Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Hannah R. Calvelli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, 604 Allison Rd., Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Poloxamer-Based In Situ Nasal Gel of Naratriptan Hydrochloride Deformable Vesicles for Brain Targeting. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Kumbhar SA, Kokare CR, Shrivastava B, Gorain B, Choudhury H. Preparation, characterization, and optimization of asenapine maleate mucoadhesive nanoemulsion using Box-Behnken design: In vitro and in vivo studies for brain targeting. Int J Pharm 2020; 586:119499. [PMID: 32505580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of therapeutics into the brain. Potential of the intranasal delivery tool has been explored in administering the therapeutics directly to the brain, thus bypassing BBB. The objective of this study was to develop and optimize an intranasal mucoadhesive nanoemulsion (MNE) of asenapine maleate (ASP) in order to enhance the nasomucosal adhesion and direct brain targetability for improved efficacy and safety. Box-Behnken statistical design was used to recognize the crucial formulation variables influencing droplet size, size distribution and surface charge of ASP-NE. ASP-MNE was obtained by incorporating GRAS mucoadhesive polymer, Carbopol 971 in the optimized NE. Optimized ASP-MNE displayed spherical morphology with a droplet size of 21.2 ± 0.15 nm and 0.355 polydispersity index. Improved ex-vivo permeation was observed in ASP-NE and ASP-MNE, compared to the ASP-solution. Finally, the optimized formulation was found to be safe in ex-vivo ciliotoxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa. The single-dose pharmacokinetic study in male Wistar rats revealed a significant increase in concentration of ASP in the brain upon intranasal administration of ASP-MNE, with a maximum of 284.33 ± 5.5 ng/mL. The time required to reach maximum brain concentration (1 h) was reduced compared to intravenous administration of ASP-NE (3 h). Furthermore, it has been established during the course of present study, that the brain targeting capability of ASP via intranasal administration had enhanced drug-targeting efficiency and drug-targeting potential. In the animal behavioral studies, no extrapyramidal symptoms were observed after intranasal administration of ASP-MNE, while good locomotor activity and hind-limb retraction test established its antipsychotic activity in treated animals. Thus, it can be concluded that the developed intranasal ASP-MNE could be used as an effective and safe tool for brain targeting of ASP in the treatment of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Ashok Kumbhar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, STES's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandrakant R Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, STES's Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - Birendra Shrivastava
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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M Luisa DPA, Griselda RM, Valentín ML, Carmina OS, Cristina VM, JJ M, Maykel GT, David QG, Roberto SS, Gerardo LG. Curcumin-loaded poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles show antioxidant and cytoprotective effects in the presence of reactive oxygen species. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911520921499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interest in novel delivery systems that improve the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of natural drugs has been explored recently due to the increase in the incidence of chronic diseases in which oxidation mechanisms are involved. Curcumin is a phenolic compound recently shown to be clinically significant due to its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. However, this molecule possesses a low bioavailability and a high degradation rate in the presence of light. Therefore, we prepared nanoparticles of poly-ε-caprolactone and Pluronic® F-68 as a stabilizer and loaded these with curcumin (Cur–PCL nanoparticles) for antioxidant and cytoprotective applications. The nanoparticles did not induce cell death, but they did reduce cell proliferation without affecting cell migration and cell adhesion. Interestingly, Cur–PCL and poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles reduced the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and presented a cytoprotective effect. Remarkably, poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles showed a decrement of 30% in reactive oxygen species presence compared to the positive control. The decrease of reactive oxygen species derived from the administration of poly-ε-caprolactone nanoparticles could be attributed to the presence of Pluronic® F-68. Taken together, these data indicated that these nanoparticles might have a clinical application in disorders related to reactive oxygen species formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Del Prado-Audelo M Luisa
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, México
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rodríguez-Martínez Griselda
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martínez-López Valentín
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ortega-Sánchez Carmina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Velasquillo-Martínez Cristina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Magaña JJ
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Departamento de Genómica, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados (CENIAQ), Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de México, México
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Tecnológico de Monterrey Campus Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - González-Torres Maykel
- CONACyT – Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Quintanar-Guerrero David
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, México
| | - Sánchez-Sánchez Roberto
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leyva-Gómez Gerardo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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Wilson B, Geetha KM. Neurotherapeutic applications of nanomedicine for treating Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2020; 325:25-37. [PMID: 32473177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible, fatal brain disease which disturbs cognitive functions. It affects 35 million people worldwide and the number of people suffering may increase to 100 million by 2050 if no effective treatments are available. The present treatment improves cognitive functions and provide temporary symptomatic relief, but do not stop or delay the disease progression. Moreover, they are mainly available as conventional oral dosage forms and these conventional oral medications lack brain specificity and also produce side effects which leads to poor patient compliance. Brain drug targeting by nanomedicines is a promising approach to improve brain targeting specificity, brain bioavailability and patient compliance. The present review discuses about the currently available pharmacotherapy for AD and the neurotherapeutic applications as well as the advancements of nanomedicine for treating AD. It also highlights the recent advancements of various nanomedicines containing phytopharmaceuticals for treating AD. It is believed that nanomedicines containing approved drugs can be transformed into the clinics hence improve the life style of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India.
| | - Kannoth Mukundan Geetha
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
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