1
|
Zhang Y, Tian X, Zhang K, Zhao K, Wang Y, Ma C, Guo J, Wang W. Construction of phenolic acids grafted chitosan bioactive microspheres to reduce oxidation and iron absorption in meat digestion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130897. [PMID: 38490376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Although iron in meat is an important trace element for human diet, its presence also induces postprandial oxidative stress and aggravates the condition of patients with iron overload. To overcome this situation, a type of new tunable Fe-absorption bioactive materials was constructed in this study. First, four phenolic acids (Caffeic acid, Gallic acid, Protocatechuic acid, Chlorogenic acid) were grafted onto chitosan. Then, the copolymers were prepared into micron-level microspheres by emulsification method, which were characterized in adsorption isotherms (Langmuir model), swelling behavior and digestion characteristics. In order to verify the practical application effect of microspheres, Protocatechuic acid grafted chitosan microspheres as the representative were used in sirloin powder to observe their effects in vitro digestion and rat experiment. In the present study, microspheres were innovatively applied in meat consumption, which significantly inhibited the oxidation of meat in the process of digestion and effectively controlled the iron absorption. These results are expected to play an important role in promoting the healthy consumption of meat around the world, improving gastrointestinal redox status through dietary assistance, and treating diseases related to iron overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chenwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ciarlantini C, Francolini I, Silvestro I, Mariano A, d'Abusco AS, Piozzi A. Design of bioactive and biomimetic scaffolds based on chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complexes for tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121684. [PMID: 38171693 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The replacement and regeneration of biological tissues by fabricating three-dimensional functionalized constructs that can improve material interaction with cells is an important challenge of tissue engineering. In this study, bioactive and biomimetic scaffolds based on chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) were fabricated by freeze-drying method and then crosslinked with CaCl2. Various chitosan-alginate (CS-AL) molar ratios were used to obtain PECs with different structural and mechanical properties. The CS1-AL2.3 scaffold showed to possess the best mechanical properties (8 MPa) and good pore morphology with an average size of 100-150 μm. After the crosslinking process, a less porous structure but with higher elastic modulus (30 MPa) was obtained. To make matrix bioactive and biomimetic, the CS1-AL2.3 system was first functionalized with 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (HCAF) and then with PySO3 or Heparin to introduce groups/molecules mimicking the extracellular matrix. While the antioxidant properties of the scaffolds containing HCAF improved by 3 orders of magnitude, compared to the non-functionalized matrix, the introduction of sulfonic groups into the bioactive scaffold made the structure more porous and hydrophilic with respect to the heparinized one also favoring the penetration and proliferation of fibroblasts into the scaffold. These results indicate the potential of these novel systems for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Ciarlantini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Iolanda Francolini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Silvestro
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Mariano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Scotto d'Abusco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Piozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ciarlantini C, Lacolla E, Francolini I, Fernández-García M, Muñoz-Núñez C, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Piozzi A. Development of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Membranes Based on Functionalized and Crosslinked Chitosan for Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1961. [PMID: 38396645 PMCID: PMC10888599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that develops new methods to enhance the regeneration of damaged tissues, including those of wounds. Polymer systems containing bioactive molecules can play an important role in accelerating tissue regeneration, mitigating inflammation process, and fighting bacterial infection. Chitosan (CS) has attracted much attention regarding its use in wound healing system fabrication thanks to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the presence of functional groups in its structure. In this work, bioactive chitosan-based membranes were obtained by both chemical and physical modifications of the polymer with glycidyl methacrylate and glycerol (GLY), respectively. The most suitable GLY concentration to obtain wound healing systems with good elongation at break, a good water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and good wettability values was 20% (w/w). Afterwards, the membranes were crosslinked with different concentrations of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). By using a concentration of 0.05 mM EGDMA, membranes with a contact angle and WVTR values suitable for the application were obtained. To make the system bioactive, 3,4-dihydrocinnamic acid (HCAF) was introduced into the membranes, either by imbibition or chemical reaction, using laccase as a catalyst. Thermal and mechanical analyses confirmed the formation of a cohesive network, which limited the plasticizing effect of GLY, particularly when HCAF was chemically bound. The HCAF-imbibed membrane showed a good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, highlighting the potential of this system for the treatment of wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Ciarlantini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.L.); (I.F.)
| | - Elisabetta Lacolla
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.L.); (I.F.)
| | - Iolanda Francolini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.L.); (I.F.)
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (C.M.-N.); (A.M.-B.)
- Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Núñez
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (C.M.-N.); (A.M.-B.)
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (C.M.-N.); (A.M.-B.)
| | - Antonella Piozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (E.L.); (I.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Q, Lan W, Xie J. Phenolic acid-chitosan derivatives: An effective strategy to cope with food preservation problems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127917. [PMID: 37939754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a cost-effective and eco-friendly natural polymeric material, possesses excellent film-forming properties. However, it has low solubility and biological activity, which hinders its widespread applications. To overcome these limitations, researchers have developed phenolic acid-chitosan derivatives that greatly enhance the mechanical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of chitosan, expanding its potential application, particularly in food preservation. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the structure and biological activity of chitosan and phenolic acid, as well as various synthetic techniques employed in their modification. Phenolic acid-chitosan derivatives exhibit improved physicochemical properties, such as enhanced water solubility, thermal stability, rheological properties, and crystallinity, through grafting techniques. Moreover, these derivatives demonstrate significantly enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Through graft modification, phenolic acid-chitosan derivatives offer promising applications in food preservation for diverse food products, including fruits, vegetables, meat, and aquatic products. Their ability to improve the preservation and quality of these food items makes them an appealing option for the food industry. This review intends to provide a deeper understanding of phenolic acid-chitosan derivatives by delving into their synthetic technology, characterization, and application in the realm of food preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Aquatic Products Processing and Storage Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201306, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Tian X, Teng A, Li Y, Jiao Y, Zhao K, Wang Y, Li R, Yang N, Wang W. Polyphenols and polyphenols-based biopolymer materials: Regulating iron absorption and availability from spontaneous to controllable. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12341-12359. [PMID: 35852177 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2101092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an important trace element in the body, and it will seriously affect the body's normal operation if it is taken too much or too little. A large number of patients around the world are suffering from iron disorders. However, there are many problems using drugs to treat iron overload and causing prolonged and unbearable suffering for patients. Controlling iron absorption and utilization through diet is becoming the acceptable, safe and healthy method. At present, many literatures have reported that polyphenols can interact with iron ions and can be expected to chelate iron ions, depending on their types and structures. Besides, polyphenols often interact with other macromolecules in the diet, which may complicate this phenols-Fe behavior and give rise to the necessity of building phenolic based biopolymer materials. The biopolymer materials, constructed by self-assembly (non-covalent) or chemical modification (covalent), show excellent properties such as good permeability, targeting, biocompatibility, and high chelation ability. It is believed that this review can greatly facilitate the development of polyphenols-based biopolymer materials construction for regulating iron and improving the well-being of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Anguo Teng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzhen Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Preparation and Characterization of Phenolic Acid-Chitosan Derivatives as an Edible Coating for Enhanced Preservation of Saimaiti Apricots. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223548. [PMID: 36429144 PMCID: PMC9689608 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) were incorporated onto chitosan (CS) using free radical grafting initiated by a hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid (H2O2/Vc) redox system. The structural properties of the CA (CA-g-CS) and CGA (CGA-g-CS) derivatives were characterized by UV-Vis absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermal stability analysis. Then, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties were evaluated, and the effect of CGA-g-CS on the postharvest quality of Saimaiti apricot was studied. It proved that phenolic acids were successfully grafted onto the CS. The grafting ratios of CA-g-CS and CGA-g-CS were 126.21 mg CAE/g and 148.94 mg CGAE/g. The antioxidation and antibacterial activities of CGA-g-CS were better than those of CA-g-CS. The MICs of CGA-g-CS against E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis were 2, 1, and 2 mg/mL. The inhibitory zones of 20 mg/mL CGA-g-CS against the three bacteria were 19.16 ± 0.35, 16.33 ± 0.91, and 16.24 ± 0.05 mm. The inhibitory effects of 0.5% CGA-g-CS on the firmness, weight loss, SSC, TA, relative conductivity, and respiration rate of the apricot were superior. Our results suggest that CGA-g-CS can be potentially used as an edible coating material to preserve apricots.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lima R, Fernandes C, Pinto MMM. Molecular modifications, biological activities, and applications of chitosan and derivatives: A recent update. Chirality 2022; 34:1166-1190. [PMID: 35699356 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides arouse great interest due to their structure and unique properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and absence of toxicity. Polysaccharides from marine sources are particularly useful due to the wide variety of applications and biological activities. Chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, is an example of an interesting bioactive marine-derived polysaccharide. Moreover, a wide variety of chemical modifications and conjugation of chitosan with other bioactive molecules are responsible for improvements in physicochemical properties and biological activities, expanding the range of applications. An overview of the synthetic approaches for preparing chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and conjugates is described and discussed. A recent update of the biological activities and applications in different research fields, mainly focused on the last 5 years, is presented, highlighting current trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Lima
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro interdisciplinar de Investigação marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro interdisciplinar de Investigação marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centro interdisciplinar de Investigação marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hruby M, Martínez IIS, Stephan H, Pouckova P, Benes J, Stepanek P. Chelators for Treatment of Iron and Copper Overload: Shift from Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds to Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3969. [PMID: 34833268 PMCID: PMC8618197 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and copper are essential micronutrients needed for the proper function of every cell. However, in excessive amounts, these elements are toxic, as they may cause oxidative stress, resulting in damage to the liver and other organs. This may happen due to poisoning, as a side effect of thalassemia infusion therapy or due to hereditary diseases hemochromatosis or Wilson's disease. The current golden standard of therapy of iron and copper overload is the use of low-molecular-weight chelators of these elements. However, these agents suffer from severe side effects, are often expensive and possess unfavorable pharmacokinetics, thus limiting the usability of such therapy. The emerging concepts are polymer-supported iron- and copper-chelating therapeutics, either for parenteral or oral use, which shows vivid potential to keep the therapeutic efficacy of low-molecular-weight agents, while avoiding their drawbacks, especially their side effects. Critical evaluation of this new perspective polymer approach is the purpose of this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského Náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Irma Ivette Santana Martínez
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (I.I.S.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Holger Stephan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; (I.I.S.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Pavla Pouckova
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Salmovska 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiri Benes
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Salmovska 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Petr Stepanek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského Náměstí 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh A, Mittal A, Benjakul S. Chitosan, Chitooligosaccharides and Their Polyphenol Conjugates: Preparation, Bioactivities, Functionalities and Applications in Food Systems. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1950176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avtar Singh
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE-SSI), Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rivero Berti I, Islan GA, Castro GR. Enzymes and biopolymers. The opportunity for the smart design of molecular delivery systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124546. [PMID: 33360273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes exhibit a tremendous potential due to the catalytic activity in response to physiological conditions and specific microenvironments. Exploiting these properties in combination with the versatility of biopolymers, a fascinating field for the rational development of a new class of "smart" delivery systems for therapeutic molecules is proposed. Many strategies have been recently developed to produce matrices with the desirable properties of molecular release, and enzymes could be playing a relevant role in modify the chemical composition of the polymers, the porosity and surface area of the matrices and modulate the kinetic of controlled release. Enzyme based computational systems have appeared as a relevant complementary tool to design novel smart bioactive matrices for programmable drug delivery. The present review is reporting the recent advances and projections of smart biopolymeric matrices activated by enzymes for sustained release of therapeutic molecules, highlighting various applications in the area of advanced drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rivero Berti
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - German A Islan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, (B1900AJI), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG), Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, S2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Beer B, Bartolome MJ, Berndorfer L, Bochmann G, Guebitz GM, Nyanhongo GS. Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis and synthesis of lignin cross-linked chitosan functional hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1440-1446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
12
|
Yamatani K, Kawatani R, Ajiro H. Synthesis of glucosamine derivative with double caffeic acid moieties at N– and 6-O-positions for developments of natural based materials. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Enzymatic synthesis of highly flexible lignin cross-linked succinyl-chitosan hydrogels reinforced with reed cellulose fibres. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
14
|
Jeong HG, Han YS, Jung KH, Kim YJ. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Composite Nanofibers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane⁻Epigallocatechin Gallate Conjugate for Bone Tissue Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020184. [PMID: 30717229 PMCID: PMC6409983 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To provide adequate conditions for the regeneration of damaged bone, it is necessary to develop piezoelectric porous membranes with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, composite nanofibers comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane–epigallocatechin gallate (POSS–EGCG) conjugate were fabricated by electrospinning methods. The resulting composite nanofibers showed three-dimensionally interconnected porous structures. Their average diameters, ranging from 936 ± 223 nm to 1094 ± 394 nm, were hardly affected by the addition of the POSS–EGCG conjugate. On the other hand, the piezoelectric β-phase increased significantly from 77.4% to 88.1% after adding the POSS–EGCG conjugate. The mechanical strength of the composite nanofibers was ameliorated by the addition of the POSS–EGCG conjugate. The results of in vitro bioactivity tests exhibited that the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) on the nanofibers increased with the content of POSS–EGCG conjugate because of the improved piezoelectricity and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the nanofibers. All results could suggest that the PVDF composite nanofibers were effective for guided bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Geun Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Soo Han
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hye Jung
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
One-step procedure for enhancing the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of a polysaccharide polymer: Kojic acid grafted onto chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:1125-1133. [PMID: 29505872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop a nontoxic bioactive material based on a natural pyrone compound (kojic acid, KA) and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). The bioactive material, chitosan oligosaccharide-N-kojic acid polymer (COS-N-KA), was prepared by one-step environmentally friendly approach. Then, the physicochemical properties and biological activities of COS-N-KA as a prepared water-soluble COS derivative were evaluated. The polymer was characterized by using UV-vis, FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, Mw, PID, TGA, water solubility, hemolysis assay, and animal toxicity studies. Particularly, the antioxidant and antimicrobial assays revealed that COS-N-KA significantly enhanced the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, which remarkably stronger than that of free COS and KA. Hence, the low hemolytic activity to human red blood cells, and nontoxic to female mice of SLAC KM strain made this novel polymer material a promising and effective compound for food and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
|
16
|
Huber D, Grzelak A, Baumann M, Borth N, Schleining G, Nyanhongo GS, Guebitz GM. Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of laccase-synthesized phenolic-O-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels. N Biotechnol 2018; 40:236-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Liu J, Pu H, Liu S, Kan J, Jin C. Synthesis, characterization, bioactivity and potential application of phenolic acid grafted chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:999-1017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
18
|
Amato A, Migneco LM, Martinelli A, Pietrelli L, Piozzi A, Francolini I. Antimicrobial activity of catechol functionalized-chitosan versus Staphylococcus epidermidis. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 179:273-281. [PMID: 29111051 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein mussel-inspired adhesive polymers, characterized by the presence of catechol groups, possess superior muco-adhesive properties and have great potentiality in wound healing. Suitable materials for wound dressing should properly combine muco-adhesiveness and antimicrobial activity. In this work, catechol-functionalized chitosan was obtained by reaction with hydrocaffeic acid (HCAF), in order to investigate how catechol introduction at different content could affect the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of the polymer itself. Unexpectedly, an enhancement of chitosan antimicrobial activity was observed after catechol functionalization, with a fourfold reduction in the polymer minimum inhibitory concentration versus Staphylococcus epidermidis. Additionally, a commercial wound dressing coated with one of the synthesized CS-HCAF derivatives showed a significant reduction in the adhesion of S. epidermidis compared to the uncoated dressing (3-log reduction). The CS-HCAF derivatives also showed an interesting antioxidant property (EC50 ranging from 20 to 60μg/mL), which further confirms the potentiality of these materials as wound dressings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Amato
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Maria Migneco
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Loris Pietrelli
- ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00100 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Piozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Iolanda Francolini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chitosan hydrogel formation using laccase activated phenolics as cross-linkers. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:814-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
Hu Q, Luo Y. Polyphenol-chitosan conjugates: Synthesis, characterization, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:624-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
21
|
Lee J, Chang K, Kim S, Gite V, Chung H, Sohn D. Phase Controllable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel with Iron(III) Ion–Catechol Induced Dual Cross-Linking by Utilizing the Gap of Gelation Kinetics. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vikas Gite
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425-001, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Enzymatic modification of polysaccharides: Mechanisms, properties, and potential applications: A review. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 90:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
23
|
Yang C, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Li C, Sheng S, Wang J, Wu F. Enzymatic modification of chitosan by cinnamic acids: Antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:577-85. [PMID: 26993531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify chitosan polymers that have antibacterial activity against the bacterial wilt pathogen. The chitosan polymers were enzymatically synthesized using chitosan and five cinnamic acids (CADs): caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), cinnamic acid (CIA), p-coumaric acid (COA) and chlorogenic acid (CHA), using laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus as a catalyst. The reaction was performed in a phosphate buffered solution under heterogenous reaction conditions. The chitosan derivatives (CTS-g-CADs) were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TGA and SEM. FT-IR demonstrated that the reaction products bound covalently to the free amino groups or hydroxyl groups of chitosan via band of amide I or ester band. XRD showed a reduced packing density for grafted chitosan comparing to original chitosan. TGA demonstrated that CTS-g-CADs have a higher thermostability than chitosan. Additionally, chitosan and its derivatives showed similar antibacterial activity. However, the IC50 value of the chitosan-caffeic acid derivative (CTS-g-CA) against the mulberry bacterial wilt pathogen RS-5 was 0.23mg/mL, which was two-fifths of the IC50 value of chitosan. Therefore, the enzymatically synthesized chitosan polymers can be used to control plant diseases in biotechnological domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Sheng Sheng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
| | - Fuan Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ryu JH, Hong S, Lee H. Bio-inspired adhesive catechol-conjugated chitosan for biomedical applications: A mini review. Acta Biomater 2015; 27:101-115. [PMID: 26318801 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of adhesive materials, such as cyanoacrylate derivatives, fibrin glues, and gelatin-based adhesives, has been an emerging topic in biomaterial science because of the many uses of these materials, including in wound healing patches, tissue sealants, and hemostatic materials. However, most bio-adhesives exhibit poor adhesion to tissue and related surfaces due to the presence of body fluid. For a decade, studies have aimed at addressing this issue by developing wet-resistant adhesives. Mussels demonstrate robust wet-resistant adhesion despite the ceaseless waves at seashores, and mussel adhesive proteins play a key role in this adhesion. Adhesive proteins located at the distal end (i.e., those that directly contact surfaces) are composed of nearly 60% of amino acids called 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (DOPA), lysine, and histidine, which contain side chains of catechol, primary amines, and secondary amines, respectively. Inspired by the abundant catecholamine in mussel adhesive proteins, researchers have developed various types of polymeric mimics, such as polyethylenimine-catechol, chitosan-catechol, and other related catecholic polymers. Among them, chitosan-catechol is a promising adhesive polymer for biomedical applications. The conjugation of catechol onto chitosan dramatically increases its solubility from zero to nearly 60mg/mL (i.e., 6% w/v) in pH 7 aqueous solutions. The enhanced solubility maximizes the ability of catecholamine to behave similar to mussel adhesive proteins. Chitosan-catechol is biocompatible and exhibits excellent hemostatic ability and tissue adhesion, and thus, chitosan-catechol will be widely used in a variety of medical settings in the future. This review focuses on the various aspects of chitosan-catechol, including its (1) preparation methods, (2) physicochemical properties, and (3) current applications.
Collapse
|
25
|
Aljawish A, Chevalot I, Jasniewski J, Scher J, Muniglia L. Enzymatic synthesis of chitosan derivatives and their potential applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
26
|
Aljawish A, Chevalot I, Jasniewski J, Revol-Junelles AM, Scher J, Muniglia L. Laccase-catalysed functionalisation of chitosan by ferulic acid and ethyl ferulate: Evaluation of physicochemical and biofunctional properties. Food Chem 2014; 161:279-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Xie M, Hu B, Wang Y, Zeng X. Grafting of gallic acid onto chitosan enhances antioxidant activities and alters rheological properties of the copolymer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9128-36. [PMID: 25198516 DOI: 10.1021/jf503207s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new, simple, and effective method to graft gallic acid (GA) onto chitosan (CS) in aqueous solution in the presence of carbodiimide and hydroxybenzotriazole was developed. The grafting amount of GA reached as much as 209.9 mg/g of copolymer, which appears as the highest one among the reported literature, and the grafting degree of GA to CS was adjustable with modulation of the mass ratio of GA to CS. The covalent insertion of GA onto the polymeric backbones was confirmed by UV-vis and (1)H NMR analyses. Grafting endowed the resulting copolymer GA-grafted-CS (GA-g-CS) with both the advantages of CS and GA. The antioxidant capacity of GA-g-CS was much higher than that of the plain CS examined by assays of DPPH, superoxide, and ABTS radicals scavenging activities, reducing power, chelating power, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing antioxidant potential, and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. Particularly, GA-g-CS showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than GA in β-carotene-linoleic acid assay. Furthermore, the viscosity of GA-g-CS was significantly higher than that of CS. The present study developed a novel approach to synthesize GA-g-CS that could be a potential biomaterial in food industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
de Regil R, Sandoval G. Biocatalysis for biobased chemicals. Biomolecules 2013; 3:812-47. [PMID: 24970192 PMCID: PMC4030974 DOI: 10.3390/biom3040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and development of greener processes that are safe and friendly is an irreversible trend that is driven by sustainable and economic issues. The use of Biocatalysis as part of a manufacturing process fits well in this trend as enzymes are themselves biodegradable, require mild conditions to work and are highly specific and well suited to carry out complex reactions in a simple way. The growth of computational capabilities in the last decades has allowed Biocatalysis to develop sophisticated tools to understand better enzymatic phenomena and to have the power to control not only process conditions but also the enzyme's own nature. Nowadays, Biocatalysis is behind some important products in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and bulk chemicals industry. In this review we want to present some of the most representative examples of industrial chemicals produced in vitro through enzymatic catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén de Regil
- Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, CIATEJ, A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jal, C.P. 44270, Mexico.
| | - Georgina Sandoval
- Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, CIATEJ, A.C. Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, Guadalajara, Jal, C.P. 44270, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Itzincab-Mejía L, López-Luna A, Gimeno M, Shirai K, Bárzana E. Enzymatic grafting of gallate ester onto chitosan: evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Itzincab-Mejía
- Depto. Alimentos y Biotecnología; Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F; 04510; México
| | - Alberto López-Luna
- Departamento de Biotecnologia; Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana; Mexico; D.F. Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186 Col.; Vicentina C.P; 09340; México
| | - Miquel Gimeno
- Depto. Alimentos y Biotecnología; Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F; 04510; México
| | - Keiko Shirai
- Departamento de Biotecnologia; Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana; Mexico; D.F. Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186 Col.; Vicentina C.P; 09340; México
| | - Eduardo Bárzana
- Depto. Alimentos y Biotecnología; Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria; México D.F; 04510; México
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
|