1
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Halim VA, de Jonker M, Esteve C, Assenberg R, Balog C. Novel EDTA mediated ethanol protein precipitation method and the application for polysorbate quantification in high protein concentration biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116145. [PMID: 38631071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Non-ionic surfactants such as Polysorbate 20/ 80 (PS20/ PS80), are commonly used in protein drug formulations to increase protein stability by protecting against interfacial stress and surface absorption. Polysorbate is susceptible to degradation which can impact product stability, leading to the formation of sub-visible and/or visible particles in the drug product during its shelf-life, affecting patient safety and efficacy. Therefore, it is important to monitor polysorbate concentration in drug product formulations of biotherapeutic drugs. The common method for measuring polysorbate concentration in drug product formulations uses mixed mode ion exchange reversed phase HPLC (MAX) coupled to evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). However, high protein concentration can adversely impact method performance due to high sample viscosity, gel formation, column clogging, interfering peaks and loss of accuracy. To overcome this, a new method was developed based on EDTA mediated ethanol protein precipitation (EDTA/EtOH). This method was successfully implemented for the analysis of polysorbate in antibody formulations with wide range of protein concentration (10-250 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincentius A Halim
- Therapeutics Development and Supply, Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV., Einsteinweg 101, Leiden 2333 CB, the Netherlands.
| | - Maurice de Jonker
- Therapeutics Development and Supply, Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV., Einsteinweg 101, Leiden 2333 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Esteve
- Therapeutics Development and Supply, Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV., Einsteinweg 101, Leiden 2333 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Rene Assenberg
- Therapeutics Development and Supply, Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV., Einsteinweg 101, Leiden 2333 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Crina Balog
- Therapeutics Development and Supply, Analytical Development, Janssen Biologics BV., Einsteinweg 101, Leiden 2333 CB, the Netherlands; Manufacturing Science and Technology, Janssen Biologics BV., Einsteinweg 101, Leiden 2333 CB, the Netherlands
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2
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Álvarez-Palencia Jiménez R, Maze A, Vian G, Bruckert F, Bensaid F, El-Kechai N, Weidenhaupt M. Development of an ELISA-based device to quantify antibody adsorption directly on medical plastic surfaces. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024:114425. [PMID: 39059751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) encounter numerous interfaces during manufacturing, storage, and administration. While protein adsorption at the solid/liquid interface has been widely explored on model surfaces, a key challenge remains - the detection of very small amounts of adsorbed mAb directly on real medical surfaces. This study introduces a novel ELISA-based device, ELIBAG, a new tool for measuring mAb adsorption on medical bags. The efficacy of this device was highlighted by successfully confirming the adsorption of an IgG1 on two medical bag types: a polypropylene IV administration bag and a low-density polyethylene pharmaceutical manufacturing bag. We also investigated IgG1 adsorption on plastic model surfaces, revealing a similar range of mAb bulk concentration for surface saturation on both model and bag surfaces. This innovative device, characterized by its high-throughput and rapid approach, paves the way for extensive investigations into therapeutic proteins, such as mAbs, adsorption on a variety of medical or pharmaceutical surfaces, diverse adsorption conditions, and the influence of excipients employed in mAb formulation, which could enhance the knowledge of mAb interactions with plastic surfaces throughout their lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Álvarez-Palencia Jiménez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering) LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France; Sanofi, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Antoine Maze
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering) LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilbert Vian
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering) LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Franz Bruckert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering) LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Marianne Weidenhaupt
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering) LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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3
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1301-1367. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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4
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Qin M, Luo J, Patel B, Thong KX, Latefa S, Shao D, Tanner A, Yu-Wai-Man C. Developing a synergistic rate-retarding polymeric implant for controlling monoclonal antibody delivery in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132655. [PMID: 38797299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have garnered substantial attention within the field of ophthalmology and can be used to suppress scar formation after minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries. Here, by controlling mAb passive diffusion, we developed a polymeric, rate-controlling membrane reservoir loaded with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres to deliver mAb for several weeks. Different parameters were tested to ensure that the microspheres achieved a good quality characteristic, and our results showed that 1 %W/V emulsifier with 5 %W/V NaCl achieved mAb-loaded microspheres with the highest stability, encapsulation efficiency and minimal burst release. Then, we fabricated and compared 10 types of microporous films based on polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Our results revealed distinct pore characteristics and degradation patterns in different films due to varying polymer properties, and all the polymeric film formulations showed good biocompatibility in both human trabecular meshwork cells and human conjunctival fibroblasts. Finally, the optimized microspheres were loaded into the reservoir-type polymeric implant assembled by microporous membranes with different surface coating modifications. The implant formulation, which was fabricated by 60 PCL: 40 PEG (3 %W/V) polymer with 0.1 %W/V poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) barrier, exerted the best drug release profile that can sustained release mAb (83.6 %) for 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Qin
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jinyuan Luo
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Brihitejas Patel
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kai Xin Thong
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Samar Latefa
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Daniel Shao
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alexander Tanner
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Cynthia Yu-Wai-Man
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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5
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Dasnoy S, Illartin M, Queffelec J, Nkunku A, Peerboom C. Combined Effect of Shaking Orbit and Vial Orientation on the Agitation-Induced Aggregation of Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:669-679. [PMID: 37611666 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Orbital shaking in a glass vial is a commonly used forced degradation test to evaluate protein propensity for agitation-induced aggregation. Vial shaking in horizontal orientation has been widely recommended to maximize the air-liquid interface area while ensuring solution contact with the stopper. We evaluated the impact of shaking orbit diameter and frequency, and glass vial orientation (horizontal versus vertical) on the aggregation of three proteins prepared in surfactant-free formulation buffers. As soon as an orbit-specific frequency threshold was reached, an increase in turbidity was observed for the three proteins in vertical orientation only when using a 3 mm agitation orbit, and in horizontal orientation only when using a 30 mm agitation orbit. Orthogonal analyses confirmed turbidity was linked to protein aggregation. The most turbid samples had a visually more homogeneous appearance in vertical than in horizontal orientation, in line with the predicted dispersion of air and liquid phases obtained from computational fluid dynamics agitation simulations. Both shaking orbits were used to assess the performance of nonionic surfactants. We show that the propensity of a protein to aggregate in a vial agitated in horizontal or vertical orientation depends on the shaking orbit, and confirm that Brij® 58 and FM1000 prevent proteins from agitation-induced aggregation at lower concentrations than polysorbate 80.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marion Illartin
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT) Mines Albi, Allée des Sciences, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Julie Queffelec
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT) Mines Albi, Allée des Sciences, 81000 Albi, France
| | - Aubrey Nkunku
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium; ALTEN Belgium, Chaussée de Charleroi 112, 1060 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Claude Peerboom
- UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
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6
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Cucuzza S, Brosig S, Serno T, Bechtold-Peters K, Cerar J, Kammüller M, Gallou F. Modular and tunable alternative surfactants for biopharmaceuticals provide insights into Surfactant's Structure-Function relationship. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123692. [PMID: 38081561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Surface-induced aggregation of protein therapeutics is opposed by employing surfactants, which are ubiquitously used in drug product development, with polysorbates being the gold standard. Since poloxamer 188 is currently the only generally accepted polysorbate alternative, but cannot be ubiquitously applied, there is a strong need to develop surfactant alternatives for protein biologics that would complement and possibly overcome known drawbacks of existing surfactants. Yet, a severe lack of structure-function relationship knowledge complicates the development of new surfactants. Herein, we perform a systematic analysis of the structure-function relationship of three classes of novel alternative surfactants. Firstly, the mode of action is thoroughly characterized through tensiometry, calorimetry and MD simulations. Secondly, the safety profiles are evaluated through cell-based in vitro assays. Ultimately, we could conclude that the alternative surfactants investigated possess a mode of action and safety profile comparable to polysorbates. Moreover, the biophysical patterns elucidated here can be exploited to precisely tune the features of future surfactant designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cucuzza
- Novartis Pharma AG, TRD Biologics & CGT, GDD, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Brosig
- Novartis Pharma AG, TRD Biologics & CGT, GDD, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Serno
- Novartis Pharma AG, TRD Biologics & CGT, GDD, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jure Cerar
- Novartis Pharma AG, TRD Biologics & CGT, GDD, 1234 Menges, Slovenia
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7
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Desai R, Jain R, Dandekar P. Surfactants reduce aggregation of monoclonal antibodies in cell culture medium with improvement in performance of mammalian cell culture. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3370. [PMID: 37348004 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are biologics produced using mammalian cells and represent an important class of biotherapeutics. Aggregation in mAbs is a major challenge that can be mitigated by rigorous and reproducible upstream and downstream approaches. The impact of frequently used surfactants, like polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, poloxamer 188, and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, on aggregation of mAbs during cell culture was investigated in this study. Their impact on cell proliferation, viability, and mAb titer was also investigated. Polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 at the concentration of 0.01 g/L and poloxamer 188 at the concentration of 5 g/L were found to be effective in reducing aggregate formation in cell culture medium, without affecting the cell growth or viability. Furthermore, their presence in culture media resulted in increased cell proliferation as compared to the control group. Addition of these surfactants at the specified concentrations increased monomer production while decreasing high molecular weight species in the medium. After mAbs were separated, using protein "A" chromatography, flasks with surfactant exhibited improved antibody stability, when analyzed by DLS. Thus, while producing aggregation-prone mAbs via mammalian cell culture, these excipients may be employed as cell culture medium supplements to enhance the quality and yield of functional mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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8
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Rojekar S, Pallapati AR, Gimenez-Roig J, Korkmaz F, Sultana F, Sant D, Haeck C, Macdonald A, Kim SM, Rosen CJ, Barak O, Meseck M, Caminis J, Lizneva D, Yuen T, Zaidi M. Development and Biophysical Characterization of a Humanized FSH-Blocking Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutic Formulated at an Ultra-High Concentration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.11.540323. [PMID: 37214886 PMCID: PMC10197643 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.540323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly concentrated antibody formulations are oftentimes required for subcutaneous, self-administered biologics. Here, we report the creation of a unique formulation for our first-in- class FSH-blocking humanized antibody, MS-Hu6, which we propose to move to the clinic for osteoporosis, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. The studies were carried out using our Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) platform, compliant with the Code of Federal Regulations (Title 21, Part 58). We first used protein thermal shift, size exclusion chromatography, and dynamic light scattering to examine MS-Hu6 concentrations between 1 and 100 mg/mL. We found that thermal, monomeric, and colloidal stability of formulated MS-Hu6 was maintained at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. The addition of the antioxidant L-methionine and chelating agent disodium EDTA improved the formulation's long-term colloidal and thermal stability. Thermal stability was further confirmed by Nano differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Physiochemical properties of formulated MS-Hu6, including viscosity, turbidity, and clarity, conformed with acceptable industry standards. That the structural integrity of MS-Hu6 in formulation was maintained was proven through Circular Dichroism (CD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Three rapid freeze-thaw cycles at -80°C/25°C or -80°C/37°C further revealed excellent thermal and colloidal stability. Furthermore, formulated MS-Hu6, particularly its Fab domain, displayed thermal and monomeric storage stability for more than 90 days at 4°C and 25°C. Finally, the unfolding temperature (T m ) for formulated MS-Hu6 increased by >4.80°C upon binding to recombinant FSH, indicating highly specific ligand binding. Overall, we document the feasibility of developing a stable, manufacturable and transportable MS-Hu6 formulation at a ultra-high concentration at industry standards. The study should become a resource for developing biologic formulations in academic medical centers.
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9
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Vaclaw C, Merritt K, Griffin VP, Whitaker N, Gokhale M, Volkin DB, Ogunyankin MO, Dhar P. Comparison of Protein Particle Formation in IgG1 mAbs Formulated with PS20 Vs. PS80 When Subjected to Interfacial Dilatational Stress. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:104. [PMID: 37081185 PMCID: PMC10118229 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysorbates (PS) are nonionic surfactants that are commonly included in protein formulations to mitigate the formation of interfacial stress-induced protein particles and thus increase their long-term storage stability. Nonetheless, factors that dictate the efficiency of different polysorbates in mitigating protein particle formation, especially during the application of interfacial stresses, are often ill defined. Here, we used a Langmuir trough to determine the surface activity of two IgG1 monoclonal antibodies formulated with two different polysorbates (PS20 and PS80) when subjected to interfacial dilatational stress. Interfacial properties of these formulations were then correlated with characterization of subvisible protein particles measured by micro-flow imaging (MFI). Both mAbs, when formulated in PS20, demonstrate faster adsorption kinetics and higher surface activity compared to PS80 or surfactant-free formulations. Compression/expansion results suggest that when exposed to interfacial dilatational stresses, both mAb/PS20 formulations display interfacial properties of PS20 alone. In contrast, interfacial properties of both mAb/PS80 formulations suggest mAbs and PS80 are co-adsorbed to the air-water interface. Further, MFI analysis of the interface and the bulk solution confirms that PS20 is more effective than PS80 at mitigating the formation of larger particles in the bulk solution in both mAbs. Concomitantly, the efficiency of PS to prevent interface-induced protein particle formation also depended on the protein's inherent tendency to aggregate at a surfactant-free interface. Together, the studies presented here highlight the importance of determining the interfacial properties of mAbs, surfactants, and their combinations to make informed formulation decisions about the choice of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
- Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Merritt
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
- Hill's Pet Nutrition, Emporia, Kansas, USA
| | - Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Neal Whitaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
- Sparks Therapeutics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madhushree Gokhale
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
| | - Maria O Ogunyankin
- Department of Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
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10
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Sant D, Rojekar S, Gera S, Pallapati AR, Gimenez-Roig J, Kuo TC, Padilla A, Korkmaz F, Cullen L, Chatterjee J, Shelly E, Meseck M, Miyashita S, Macdonald A, Sultana F, Barak O, Ryu V, Kim SM, Robinson C, Rosen CJ, Caminis J, Lizneva D, Haider S, Yuen T, Zaidi M. Optimizing a therapeutic humanized follicle-stimulating hormone-blocking antibody formulation by protein thermal shift assay. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1521:67-78. [PMID: 36628526 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical products are formulated using several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved excipients within the inactive ingredient limit to maintain their storage stability and shelf life. Here, we have screened and optimized different sets of excipient combinations to yield a thermally stable formulation for the humanized follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-blocking antibody, MS-Hu6. We used a protein thermal shift assay in which rising temperatures resulted in the maximal unfolding of the protein at the melting temperature (Tm ). To determine the buffer and pH for a stable solution, four different buffers with a pH range from 3 to 8 were screened. This resulted in maximal Tm s at pH 5.62 for Fab in phosphate buffer and at pH 6.85 for Fc in histidine buffer. Upon testing a range of salt concentrations, MS-Hu6 was found to be more stable at lower concentrations, likely due to reduced hydrophobic effects. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a higher root-mean-square deviation with 1 mM than with 100 mM salt, indicating enhanced stability, as noted experimentally. Among the stabilizers tested, Tween 20 was found to yield the highest Tm and reversed the salt effect. Among several polyols/sugars, trehalose and sucrose were found to produce higher thermal stabilities. Finally, binding of recombinant human FSH to MS-Hu6 in a final formulation (20 mM phosphate buffer, 1 mM NaCl, 0.001% w/v Tween 20, and 260 mM trehalose) resulted in a thermal shift (increase in Tm ) for the Fab, but expectedly not in the Fc domain. Given that we used a low dose of MS-Hu6 (1 μM), the next challenge would be to determine whether 100-fold higher, industry-standard concentrations are equally stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Sant
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sakshi Gera
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anusha R Pallapati
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judit Gimenez-Roig
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tan-Chun Kuo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ashley Padilla
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Funda Korkmaz
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liam Cullen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiya Chatterjee
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eleanor Shelly
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marcia Meseck
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sari Miyashita
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne Macdonald
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Farhath Sultana
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Orly Barak
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Se-Min Kim
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cemre Robinson
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - John Caminis
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daria Lizneva
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shozeb Haider
- Centre for Advanced Research Computing, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tony Yuen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology and Departments of Medicine and of Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Castañeda Ruiz AJ, Shetab Boushehri MA, Phan T, Carle S, Garidel P, Buske J, Lamprecht A. Alternative Excipients for Protein Stabilization in Protein Therapeutics: Overcoming the Limitations of Polysorbates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122575. [PMID: 36559072 PMCID: PMC9781097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their safety and efficiency in protecting protein integrity, polysorbates (PSs) have been the most widely used excipients for the stabilization of protein therapeutics for years. In recent decades, however, there have been numerous reports about visible or sub-visible particles in PS-containing biotherapeutic products, which is a major quality concern for parenteral drugs. Alternative excipients that are safe for parenteral administration, efficient in protecting different protein drugs against various stress conditions, effective in protein stabilization in high-concentrated liquid formulations, stable under the storage conditions for the duration of the product's shelf-life, and compatible with other formulation components and the primary packaging are highly sought after. The aim of this paper is to review potential alternative excipients from different families, including surfactants, carbohydrate- and amino acid-based excipients, synthetic amphiphilic polymers, and ionic liquids that enable protein stabilization. For each category, important characteristics such as the ability to stabilize proteins against thermal and mechanical stresses, current knowledge related to the safety profile for parenteral administration, potential interactions with other formulation components, and primary packaging are debated. Based on the provided information and the detailed discussion thereof, this paper may pave the way for the identification or development of efficient excipients for biotherapeutic protein stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel J. Castañeda Ruiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tamara Phan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Carle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Julia Buske
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Innovation Unit, PDB, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (A.L.); Tel.: +49-7351-54-145-398 (J.B.); +49-228-735-243 (A.L.)
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (A.L.); Tel.: +49-7351-54-145-398 (J.B.); +49-228-735-243 (A.L.)
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12
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Zhang W, Wang H, Feng N, Li Y, Gu J, Wang Z. Developability assessment at early-stage discovery to enable development of antibody-derived therapeutics. Antib Ther 2022; 6:13-29. [PMID: 36683767 PMCID: PMC9847343 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developability refers to the likelihood that an antibody candidate will become a manufacturable, safe and efficacious drug. Although the safety and efficacy of a drug candidate will be well considered by sponsors and regulatory agencies, developability in the narrow sense can be defined as the likelihood that an antibody candidate will go smoothly through the chemistry, manufacturing and control (CMC) process at a reasonable cost and within a reasonable timeline. Developability in this sense is the focus of this review. To lower the risk that an antibody candidate with poor developability will move to the CMC stage, the candidate's developability-related properties should be screened, assessed and optimized as early as possible. Assessment of developability at the early discovery stage should be performed in a rapid and high-throughput manner while consuming small amounts of testing materials. In addition to monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, multispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, as the derivatives of monoclonal antibodies, should also be assessed for developability. Moreover, we propose that the criterion of developability is relative: expected clinical indication, and the dosage and administration route of the antibody could affect this criterion. We also recommend a general screening process during the early discovery stage of antibody-derived therapeutics. With the advance of artificial intelligence-aided prediction of protein structures and features, computational tools can be used to predict, screen and optimize the developability of antibody candidates and greatly reduce the risk of moving a suboptimal candidate to the development stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Biologicals Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Biologicals Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Nan Feng
- Biologicals Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- Technology and Process Development, WuXi Biologicals, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jijie Gu
- Biologicals Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Zhuozhi Wang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Biologics Innovation and Discovery, WuXi Biologicals, 1951 Huifeng West Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China, Phone number: +86-21-50518899
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13
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Goli VAR, Butreddy A. Biosimilar monoclonal antibodies: Challenges and approaches towards formulation. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 366:110116. [PMID: 36007632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many biologic drug products, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), were off-patented between 2015 and 2020, and this process is continuing as the number of biologics approvals has increased. However, the availability of affordable biosimilars is delayed by secondary patents related to the formulation and manufacturing process. Therefore, an alternative formulation development is required to avoid infringement of formulation related patents. Several variables must be considered while developing alternative non-infringement formulations, including the time gap between the expiration of the molecule patent and the formulation patent, the ability not to infringe other secondary patents (process-related), and project timelines. As a part of life cycle management, innovator companies are adopting multiple strategies to delay biosimilar competition. Biosimilar companies could use the innovator formulation knowledge space to develop alternative formulations at the expense of time and cost. The present review discusses the key approaches in biosimilar formulation development, and further summarizes the use of innovator formulation knowledge space for biosimilar mAbs product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Appa Reddy Goli
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S, Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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14
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Xia M, Wang Y, Sheng L, Cai Z, Zhou X. Positive response to surfactants on the interfacial behavior and aggregation stability of Fab fragments from yolk immunoglobulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1078-1085. [PMID: 34800518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The antigen binding fragment (Fab) is pepsin-digested product from egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY), which shows lower immunogenicity and higher antibacterial activity. However, it limited the application of Fab due to the spontaneous adsorption and aggregation at the air-liquid interface. The present work is to investigate the effect of surfactants polysorbate 20 (PS20), poloxamer 188 (P188), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the aggregation stability of Fab of IgY. The results confirmed the positive role of surfactants in improving Fab stability. PS20 could effectively prevent the generation of Fab aggregates (DLS and light-obscuration analysis). It could also distinctly increase the internal hydrophobicity level, fortify the surface charge by altering the molecular conformational characteristics of Fab. The results of CLSM and surface tension demonstrated that P188 and PEG were co-adsorbed with Fab at the air-liquid interface and inhibited the formation of aggregation. PS20 competitively adsorbed in the gap between Fab molecules to inhibit the formation of aggregates. These findings would give an in-depth understanding of protein aggregation behavior influenced by surfactants and provide a theoretical basis for the development of functional food based on Fab active fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minquan Xia
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Long Sheng
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- National Research and Development Centre for Egg Processing, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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15
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Abstract
The use of antibodies in the treatment of lung diseases is of increasing interest especially as the search for COVID-19 therapies has unfolded. Historically, the use of antibody therapy was based on multiple targets including receptors involved in local hyper-reactivity in asthma, viruses and micro-organisms involved in a variety of pulmonary infectious disease. Generally, protein therapeutics pose challenges with respect to formulation and delivery to retain activity and assure therapy. The specificity of antibodies amplifies the need for attention to molecular integrity not only in formulation but also during aerosol delivery for pulmonary administration. Drug product development can be viewed from considerations of route of administration, dosage form, quality, and performance measures. Nebulizers and dry powder inhalers have been used to deliver protein therapeutics and each has its advantages that should be matched to the needs of the drug and the disease. This review offers insight into quality and performance barriers and the opportunities that arise from meeting them effectively.
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16
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Bansal R, Jha SK, Jha NK. Size-based Degradation of Therapeutic Proteins - Mechanisms, Modelling and Control. Biomol Concepts 2021; 12:68-84. [PMID: 34146465 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutics are in great demand due to their effectiveness towards hard-to-treat diseases. Despite their high demand, these bio-therapeutics are very susceptible to degradation via aggregation, fragmentation, oxidation, and reduction, all of which are very likely to affect the quality and efficacy of the product. Mechanisms and modelling of these degradation (aggregation and fragmentation) pathways is critical for gaining a deeper understanding of stability of these products. This review aims to provide a summary of major developments that have occurred towards unravelling the mechanisms of size-based protein degradation (particularly aggregation and fragmentation), modelling of these size-based degradation pathways, and their control. Major caveats that remain in our understanding and control of size-based protein degradation have also been presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Zhou X, Pu Q, Yu H, Peng Y, Li J, Yang Y, Chen H, Weng Y, Xie G. An electrochemical biosensor based on hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme and PdRu/Pt heterostructures as signal amplifier for circulating tumor cells detection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 599:752-761. [PMID: 33989928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis due to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) shed from the original tumor accounts for the majority of cancer-related death. Efficient CTCs detection is pivotal to the diagnosis of early cancer metastasis. In this work, Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) decorated hyperbranched PdRu nanospines (PdRu/Pt) hierarchical structures were firstly synthesized to detect CTCs with the assistance of DNAzyme. Meanwhile, Super P and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) acted as sensing medium to improve electrical conductivity and immobilization of anti-EpCAM antibody to specifically capture model CTCs. After immune-conjugation of anti-EpCAM-MCF-7-signal probes on the gold electrode, PtNPs, PdRu nanospines (PdRuNSs) and hemin/G-quadruplex co-catalyzed substrate H2O2 to realize multiplexed signal amplification, which significantly improves the analytical performance of the electrochemical biosensor. As-proposed biosensor reached a limit of detection (LOD) down to 2 cells mL-1 and showed a wide detection range of 2 to 106 cells mL-1. Application of the biosensor to detect MCF-7 cells spiked human blood samples further demonstrated the feasibility for early cancer evaluation in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qinli Pu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Hongyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yang Peng
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yujun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Huajian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
| | - Guoming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical Laboratory Microfluidics and SPRi Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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18
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhang C, Farid SS, Dalby PA. Machine learning reveals hidden stability code in protein native fluorescence. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2750-2760. [PMID: 34093990 PMCID: PMC8131987 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformational stability of a protein is usually obtained by spectroscopically measuring the unfolding melting temperature. However, optical spectra under native conditions are considered to contain too little resolution to probe protein stability. Here, we have built and trained a neural network model to take the temperature-dependence of intrinsic fluorescence emission under native-only conditions as inputs, and then predict the spectra at the unfolding transition and denatured state. Application to a therapeutic antibody fragment demonstrates that thermal transitions obtained from the predicted spectra correlate highly with those measured experimentally. Crucially, this work reveals that the temperature-dependence of native fluorescence spectra contains a high-degree of previously hidden information relating native ensemble features to stability. This could lead to rapid screening of therapeutic protein variants and formulations based on spectroscopic measurements under non-denaturing temperatures only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,EPSRC Future Targeted Healthcare Manufacturing Hub, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,EPSRC Future Targeted Healthcare Manufacturing Hub, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Suzanne S Farid
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,EPSRC Future Targeted Healthcare Manufacturing Hub, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,EPSRC Future Targeted Healthcare Manufacturing Hub, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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19
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Kannan A, Shieh IC, Negulescu PG, Chandran Suja V, Fuller GG. Adsorption and Aggregation of Monoclonal Antibodies at Silicone Oil-Water Interfaces. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1656-1665. [PMID: 33656340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies are rapidly growing for the treatment of various diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders. Many mAb drug products are sold as prefilled syringes and vials with liquid formulations. Typically, the walls of prefilled syringes are coated with silicone oil to lubricate the surfaces during use. MAbs are surface-active and adsorb to these silicone oil-solution interfaces, which is a potential source of aggregation. We studied formulations containing two different antibodies, mAb1 and mAb2, where mAb1 aggregated more when agitated in the presence of an oil-water interface. This directly correlated with differences in surface activity of the mAbs, studied with interfacial tension, surface mass adsorption, and interfacial rheology. The difference in interfacial properties between the mAbs was further reinforced in the coalescence behavior of oil droplets laden with mAbs. We also looked at the efficacy of surfactants, typically added to stabilize mAb formulations, in lowering adsorption and aggregation of mAbs at oil-water interfaces. We showed the differences between poloxamer-188 and polysorbate-20 in competing with mAbs for adsorption to interfaces and in lowering particulate and overall aggregation. Our results establish a direct correspondence between the adsorption of mAbs at oil-water interfaces and aggregation and the effect of surfactants in lowering aggregation by competitively adsorbing to these interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadithya Kannan
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ian C Shieh
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | | | - Gerald G Fuller
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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20
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Luo H, Li Y, Robbins D, Wang SC, Xi G, Cox M, Nicholson SM, Wei C, Pabst TM, Wang WK. Safety risk management for low molecular weight process-related impurities in monoclonal antibody therapeutics: Categorization, risk assessment, testing strategy, and process development with leveraging clearance potential. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3119. [PMID: 33373106 PMCID: PMC8365748 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Process-related impurities (PRIs) derived from manufacturing process should be minimized in final drug product. ICH Q3A provides a regulatory road map for PRIs but excludes biologic drugs like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that contain biological PRIs (e.g. host cell proteins and DNA) and low molecular weight (LMW) PRIs (e.g., fermentation media components and downstream chemical reagents). Risks from the former PRIs are typically addressed by routine tests to meet regulatory expectations, while a similar routine-testing strategy is unrealistic and unnecessary for LMW PRIs, and thus a risk-assessment-guided testing strategy is often utilized. In this report, we discuss a safety risk management strategy including categorization, risk assessment, testing strategy, and its integrations with other CMC development activities, as well as downstream clearance potentials. The clearance data from 28 mAbs successfully addressed safety concerns but did not fully reveal the process clearance potentials. Therefore, we carried out studies with 13 commonly seen LMW PRIs in a typical downstream process for mAbs. Generally, Protein A chromatography and cation exchange chromatography operating in bind-and-elute mode showed excellent clearances with greater than 1,000- and 100-fold clearance, respectively. The diafiltration step had better clearance (greater than 100-fold) for the positively and neutrally charged LMW PRIs than for the negatively charged or hydrophobic PRIs. We propose that a typical mAb downstream process provides an overall clearance of 5,000-fold. Additionally, the determined sieving coefficients will facilitate diafiltration process development. This report helps establish effective safety risk management and downstream process design with robust clearance for LMW PRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Luo
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuling Li
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - David Robbins
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Wang
- Analytical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Guoling Xi
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Cox
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Simone M Nicholson
- Safety Science, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Chenghong Wei
- Regulatory Affairs, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy M Pabst
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - William K Wang
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Development Department, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, One Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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21
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Tian Z, Qian F. Adenosine Triphosphate-Induced Rapid Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of a Model IgG1 mAb. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:267-274. [PMID: 33307701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is amphiphilic in nature and has the characteristics of a hydrotrope because of the charged triphosphate moiety and the large aromatic ring located on each end of its structure. Previous studies revealed that ATP can effectively maintain the solubility and prevent liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of some biological proteins. In this study, we assessed the impact of ATP on the stability of a model therapeutic IgG1 antibody (MA1) to evaluate its potential application in protein formulation design. In our system, ATP promotes rapid LLPS of MA1 and we demonstrate that the ATP-MA1 static interaction drives phase separation of MA1. The attractive protein-protein interaction increased exclusively in the presence of ATP but not in the presence of other ATP analogues, such as adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenine. Through an intrinsic fluorescence quenching study, we revealed that ATP bound to MA1 electrostatically and formed static interactions; furthermore, such static ATP-MA1 interactions significantly altered the surface property of the protein and the protein-protein interactions and subsequently induced LLPS of MA1. This ATP-induced LLPS could be effectively eliminated by Mg2+, which chelated with ATP and thus negated ATP-MA1 static interaction. Our results revealed the unique molecular mechanism of ATP-induced rapid LLPS of MA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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22
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Tian Z, Xu L, Zhang N, Qian F. First-order nucleation and subsequent growth promote liquid-liquid phase separation of a model IgG1 mAb. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119681. [PMID: 32721563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although protein aggregation is commonly encountered during the manufacturing and storage of bio-therapeutics, the actual aggregation mechanism remains unclear, and little has been reported about the protein aggregation kinetics from time zero under particular solution conditions. In this study, we used real-time dynamic light scattering (DLS) to continuously monitor the time-dependent evolution of the Z-average hydrodynamic radius of a model IgG1 (JM2) immediately after the JM2 solution was subjected to various low temperatures (0-4 °C). We observed that JM2 aggregated to form nuclei first, and then it subsequently grew to small liquid droplets via a two-step, first-order, reversible process without causing irreversible structural changes: a slow first step defined as the "nucleation" step, wherein nuclei formed slowly until reaching a transitional time point (tonset), and a much faster second step initiated after tonset and the nucleus size of the protein increased rapidly, which eventually caused liquid droplet formation and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The "nucleation" rate constant (Knucleation) and particle growth rate constant (Kgrowth), as well as tonset, were found to be temperature, pH and concentration dependent. The aggregation of JM2 could be universally described by these two-step first-order kinetics: under conditions where JM2 aggregated very slowly, the second step was not observed within the experimental time scale, while under conditions where JM2 aggregated very rapidly, the first step could not be recorded. We believe that these three parameters, Knucleation, Kgrowth, and tonset, can be used to quantify and compare the aggregation kinetics of JM2 under different solution and temperature conditions and, furthermore, serve as a theoretical base to account for the key characteristics of the aggregation kinetics of JM2 and other protein therapeutics under conditions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Long Xu
- Biotherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Biotherapeutics Development, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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Graf T, Abstiens K, Wedekind F, Elger C, Haindl M, Wurth C, Leiss M. Controlled polysorbate 20 hydrolysis - A new approach to assess the impact of polysorbate 20 degradation on biopharmaceutical product quality in shortened time. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:318-326. [PMID: 32445968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of polysorbate in biopharmaceutical liquid formulations upon long-term storage represents a risk factor, since reduction of the intact surfactant concentration may compromise protein stability. Moreover, accumulation of polysorbate degradation products is associated with the formation of particulates potentially affecting drug product stability and quality. These effects are conventionally assessed by real-time end-of-shelf life studies constituting an integral yet lengthy process of formulation development. To accelerate this procedure, we describe here a powerful tool to conduct shake stress studies based on the controlled hydrolysis of polysorbate 20 by beads-immobilized lipases. For this purpose, the production of stable, partially degraded material characterized by a representative presence of non-emulsifying degradants such as ethoxylated sorbitan and free fatty acids was monitored by state-of-the-art chromatographic methods ensuring realistic pharmaceutical conditions. Freeze-thaw, shaking and shipping stress studies of a mAb formulation did not only demonstrate that this approach is useful to determine the critical degradation level impairing drug product quality, but furthermore revealed significant differences in protective effects depending on the hydrolysis pattern. As these results emphasize, the outlined strategy may support formulation scientists to unveil the interrelationship between polysorbate hydrolysis products and stabilization of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a holistic and time-saving manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Graf
- Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Kathrin Abstiens
- Pharma Technical Development Biologics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4054, Switzerland
| | - Frank Wedekind
- Instrumental Analytics, Early Development & Reagent Design, Centralised and Point of Care Solutions, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Carsten Elger
- Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Markus Haindl
- Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany
| | - Christine Wurth
- Pharma Technical Development Biologics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4054, Switzerland
| | - Michael Leiss
- Pharma Technical Development Analytics, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg 82377, Germany.
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Surfaces Affect Screening Reliability in Formulation Development of Biologics. Pharm Res 2020; 37:27. [PMID: 31907628 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The ability to predict an antibody's propensity for aggregation is particularly important during product development to ensure the quality and safety of therapeutic antibodies. We demonstrate the role of container surfaces on the aggregation process of three mAbs under elevated temperature and long-term storage conditions in the absence of mechanical stress. METHODS A systematic study of aggregation is performed for different proteins, vial material, storage temperature, and presence of surfactant. We use size exclusion chromatography and micro-flow imaging to determine the bulk concentration of aggregates, which we combine with optical and atomic force microscopy of vial surfaces to determine the effect of solid-liquid interfaces on the bulk aggregate concentration under different conditions. RESULTS We show that protein particles under elevated temperature conditions adhere to the vial surfaces, causing a substantial underestimation of aggregation propensity as determined by common methods used in development of biologics. Under actual long-term storage conditions at 5°C, aggregate particles do not adhere to the surface, causing an increase in bulk concentration of particles, which cannot be predicted from elevated temperature screening tests by common methods alone. We also identify specific protein - surface interactions which promote oligomer formation in the nanometre range. CONCLUSIONS Special care should be taken when interpreting size exclusion and particle count data from stability studies if different temperatures and vial types are involved. We propose a novel combination of methods to characterise vial surfaces and bulk solution for a full understanding of protein aggregation processes in a sample.
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Gupta S, Alaarg A, Wu Z, Lu X, Garripelli V, Dong H, Sawilla S, Patel B, Schroeder R. Chapter 18: Design of Clinical In-Use Studies. DEVELOPMENT OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL DRUG-DEVICE PRODUCTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31415-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Brij-58, a potential injectable protein-stabilizer used in therapeutic protein formulation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 146:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kannan A, Shieh IC, Fuller GG. Linking aggregation and interfacial properties in monoclonal antibody-surfactant formulations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 550:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang W, Ohtake S. Science and art of protein formulation development. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118505. [PMID: 31306712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein pharmaceuticals have become a significant class of marketed drug products and are expected to grow steadily over the next decade. Development of a commercial protein product is, however, a rather complex process. A critical step in this process is formulation development, enabling the final product configuration. A number of challenges still exist in the formulation development process. This review is intended to discuss these challenges, to illustrate the basic formulation development processes, and to compare the options and strategies in practical formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Biological Development, Bayer USA, LLC, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94710, United States.
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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Investigation of quaternary structure of aggregating 3-ketosteroid dehydrogenase from Sterolibacterium denitrificans: In the pursuit of consensus of various biophysical techniques. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1027-1039. [PMID: 30876874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work we analyzed the quaternary structure of FAD-dependent 3-ketosteroid dehydrogenase (AcmB) from Sterolibacterium denitrificans, the protein that in solution forms massive aggregates (>600 kDa). Using size-excursion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), native-PAGE and atomic force microscopy (AFM) we studied the nature of enzyme aggregation. Partial protein de-aggregation was facilitated by the presence of non-ionic detergent such as Tween 20 or by a high degree of protein dilution but not by addition of a reducing agent or an increase of ionic strength. De-aggregating influence of Tween 20 had no impact on either enzyme's specific activity or FAD reconstitution to recombinant AcmB. The joint experimental (DLS, isoelectric focusing) and theoretical investigations demonstrated gradual shift of enzyme's isoelectric point upon aggregation from 8.6 for a monomeric form to even 5.0. The AFM imaging on mica or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface enabled observation of individual protein monomers deposited from a highly diluted solution (0.2 μg/ml). Such approach revealed that native AcmB can indeed be monomeric. AFM imaging supported by theoretical random sequential adsorption (RSA) kinetics allowed estimation of distribution enzyme forms in the bulk solution: 5%, monomer, 11.4% dimer and 12% trimer. Finally, based on results of AFM as well as analysis of the surface of AcmB homology models we have observed that aggregation is most probably initiated by hydrophobic forces and then assisted by electrostatic attraction between negatively charged aggregates and positively charged monomers.
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31
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Krause ME, Sahin E. Chemical and physical instabilities in manufacturing and storage of therapeutic proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:159-167. [PMID: 30861476 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of a robust biologic drug product is accomplished by extensive formulation and process development screening studies; however, even in the most optimal formulation, a protein can undergo spontaneous degradation during manufacture, storage, and clinical use. Chemical changes to amino acid residues, such as oxidation of methionine or tryptophan, or changes in charge such as deamidation or carbonylation, can induce conformational changes in the overall protein structure, potentially leading to changes in physical - in addition to chemical - stability. Oxidation is often caused by light exposure or the presence of metal ions or peroxides. Asparagine deamidation is more likely to occur at higher pH and/or elevated temperature. Mechanical and interfacial stresses during manufacturing can lead to physical instabilities (i.e. various forms of aggregation). A well-defined manufacturing process and effective in-process controls are essential in minimizing chemical and physical instabilities, enabling robust production and distribution of a safe and efficacious drug product. In this work, the authors provide a review of developments in these areas over the past two years, with emphasis on manufacturability of therapeutically relevant proteins and protein-based drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Krause
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States.
| | - Erinc Sahin
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
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32
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Crystallizing amino acids as bulking agents in freeze-drying. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Wang W, Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation – Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Vollrath I, Friess W, Freitag A, Hawe A, Winter G. Does controlled nucleation impact the properties and stability of lyophilized monoclonal antibody formulations? Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:134-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Formulating monoclonal antibodies as powders for reconstitution at high concentration using spray drying: Models and pitfalls. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:407-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Agarkhed M, O’Dell C, Hsieh MC, Zhang J, Goldstein J, Srivastava A. Effect of Surfactants on Mechanical, Thermal, and Photostability of a Monoclonal Antibody. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:79-92. [PMID: 28770529 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of commonly used surfactants (at 0.01% w/v concentration) on mechanical, thermal, and photostability of a monoclonal antibody (MAb1) of IgG1 sub-class and to evaluate the minimum concentration of surfactant (Polysorbate 80) required in protecting MAb1 from mechanical stress. Surfactants evaluated were non-ionic surfactants, Polysorbate 80, Polysorbate 20, Pluronic F-68 (polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer), Brij 35 (polyoxyethylene lauryl ether), Triton X-100, and an anionic surfactant, Caprylic acid (1-Heptanecarboxylic acid). After evaluating effect of surfactants and determining stabilizing effect of Polysorbate 80 against mechanical stress without compromising thermal and photostability of MAb1, the minimum concentration of Polysorbate 80 required for mechanical stability was further examined. Polysorbate 80 concentration was varied from 0 to 0.02%. Mechanical stability was evaluated by agitation of MAb1 at 300 rotations per minute at room temperature for 72 h. Samples were analyzed for purity by SEC-HPLC, turbidity by absorbance at 350 nm, visible particles by visual inspection, and sub-visible particles by light obscuration technique on a particle analyzer. All non-ionic surfactants tested showed a similar effect in protecting against mechanical stress and did not exhibit any significant negative effect on thermal and photostability. However, Caprylic acid had a slightly negative effect on mechanical and photostability when compared to the non-ionic surfactants or sample without surfactant. This work demonstrated that polysorbate 80 is better than other surfactants tested and that a concentration of at least 0.005% (w/v) Polysorbate 80 is needed to protect MAb1 against mechanical stress.
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Manning MC, Liu J, Li T, Holcomb RE. Rational Design of Liquid Formulations of Proteins. THERAPEUTIC PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES 2018; 112:1-59. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wang S, Zhang X, Wu G, Tian Z, Qian F. Optimization of high-concentration endostatin formulation: Harmonization of excipients' contributions on colloidal and conformational stabilities. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:173-186. [PMID: 28755991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, increasing research efforts have been devoted into developing high-concentration protein drugs for subcutaneous injection, especially for those with short half-lives and high-dose requirement. Proteins at high concentrations normally present increased colloidal and structural instability, such as aggregation, fibrillation and gelation, which significantly challenges the high-concentration formulation development of protein drugs. Here we used endostatin, a 20kD recombinant protein, as a model drug for high-concentration formulation optimization. The colloidal and conformational stability of endostatin at high concentration of 30mg/mL were investigated in formulations containing various excipients, including saccharides (mannitol, sorbitol and sucrose), salts (ArgHCl and NaCl), and surfactants (tween 20 and 80). Protein fibrillation was characterized and semi-quantified by optical polarized light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the amount of fiber formation at elevated temperature of 40°C was determined. The soluble protein aggregates were characterized by dynamic and static light scattering before and after dilution. The conformational stability were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, and differential scanning calorimetry. We observed that the soluble aggregation, fibrillation and gelation, induced by conformational and colloidal instabilities of the protein solution, could be substantially optimized by using suitable stabilizers such as combinations of saccharides and surfactants; while formation of gel and soluble aggregates at high protein concentration (e.g., 30mg/mL) and elevated temperature (40°C) could be prevented by avoiding the usage of salts. It's worth emphasizing that some stabilizers, such as salts and surfactants, could show opposite contributions in conformational and colloidal stabilities of endostatin. Therefore, cautions are needed when one attempts to correlate the colloidal stability of high-concentration proteins with their conformational stability, and the colloidal and conformational protein stabilities must be harmonized by a balanced selection of various types of excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoliang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Wu G, Wang S, Tian Z, Zhang N, Sheng H, Dai W, Qian F. Elucidating the weak protein-protein interaction mechanisms behind the liquid-liquid phase separation of a mAb solution by different types of additives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 120:1-8. [PMID: 28754261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has long been observed during the physical stability investigation of therapeutic protein formulations. The buffer conditions and the presence of various excipients are thought to play important roles in the formulation development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, the effects of several small-molecule excipients (histidine, alanine, glycine, sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, sorbitol and sucrose) with diverse physical-chemical properties on LLPS of a model IgG1 (JM2) solutions were investigated by multiple techniques, including UV-vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry/fluorimetry, size exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering. The LLPS of JM2 was confirmed to be a thermodynamic equilibrium process with no structural changes or irreversible aggregation of proteins. Phase diagrams of various JM2 formulations were constructed, suggesting that the phase behavior of JM2 was dependent on the solution pH, ionic strength and the presence of other excipients such as glycine, alanine, sorbitol and sucrose. Furthermore, we demonstrated that for this mAb, the interaction parameter (kD) determined at low protein concentration appeared to be a good predictor for the occurrence of LLPS at high concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- China R&D and Scientific Affair, Shanghai Discovery Center, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Han Sheng
- China R&D and Scientific Affair, Shanghai Discovery Center, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weiguo Dai
- Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Wang X, An Z, Luo W, Xia N, Zhao Q. Molecular and functional analysis of monoclonal antibodies in support of biologics development. Protein Cell 2017; 9:74-85. [PMID: 28733914 PMCID: PMC5777976 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment or prevention of many important diseases such as cancers, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Multi-domain mAbs are far more complex than small molecule drugs with intrinsic heterogeneities. The critical quality attributes of a given mAb, including structure, post-translational modifications, and functions at biomolecular and cellular levels, need to be defined and profiled in details during the developmental phases of a biologics. These critical quality attributes, outlined in this review, serve an important database for defining the drug properties during commercial production phase as well as post licensure life cycle management. Specially, the molecular characterization, functional assessment, and effector function analysis of mAbs, are reviewed with respect to the critical parameters and the methods used for obtaining them. The three groups of analytical methods are three essential and integral facets making up the whole analytical package for a mAb-based drug. Such a package is critically important for the licensure and the post-licensure life cycle management of a therapeutic or prophylactic biologics. In addition, the basic principles on the evaluation of biosimilar mAbs were discussed briefly based on the recommendations by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, China.
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Song JG, Lee SH, Han HK. The stabilization of biopharmaceuticals: current understanding and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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