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Liu W, Shen Y, Hou J, Jiang H, Wang Q, Zhang L, Nakajima A, Lee D, Xu J, Guo Y. A fungal polysaccharide from Fomitopsis officinalis as a multi-target molecule to combat cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132543. [PMID: 38788870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Some macrofungi have a long history of being used as traditional or folk medicines, making significant contributions to human health. To discover bioactive molecules with potential anticancer properties, a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide (FOBP90-1) was purified from the medicinal macrofungus Fomitopsis officinalis. FOBP90-1 was found to have a molecular weight of 2.87 × 104 g/mol and mainly consist of →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →2,6)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3)-α-l-Fucp-(1→, →6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, α-d-Manp-(1→, and 3-O-Me-α-l-Fucp-(1→ according to UV, FT-IR, methylation analysis, and NMR data. In addition to its structural properties, FOBP90-1 displayed anticancer activity in zebrafish models. The following mechanistic analysis discovered that the in vivo antitumor effect was linked to immune activation and angiogenesis inhibition. These effects were mediated by the interactions of FOBP90-1 with TLR-2, TLR-4, PD-L1, and VEGFR-2, as determined through a series of experiments involving cells, transgenic zebrafish, molecular docking simulations, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). All the experimental findings have demonstrated that FOBP90-1, a purified fungal polysaccharide, is expected to be utilized as a cancer treatment agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongye Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Haojing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linsu Zhang
- Qiannan Medical College for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, People's Republic of China
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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Oda M, Yamamoto H, Kawakami T. Maintenance of homeostasis by TLR4 ligands. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1286270. [PMID: 38715610 PMCID: PMC11074394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1286270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is renowned for its capacity to elicit anti-infective and anti-cancer effects by harnessing immune responses to microbial components and bolstering innate healing mechanisms through a cascade of immunological reactions. Specifically, mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified as key receptors responsible for detecting microbial components. The discovery of these mammalian Toll-like receptors has clarified antigen recognition by the innate immune system. It has furnished a molecular foundation for comprehending the interplay between innate immunity and its anti-tumor or anti-infective capabilities. Moreover, accumulating evidence highlights the crucial role of TLRs in maintaining tissue homeostasis. It has also become evident that TLR-expressing macrophages play a central role in immunity by participating in the clearance of foreign substances, tissue repair, and the establishment of new tissue. This macrophage network, centered on macrophages, significantly contributes to innate healing. This review will primarily delve into innate immunity, specifically focusing on substances targeting TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Oda
- Control of Innate Immunity, Technology Research Association, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashige Kawakami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
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Liu W, Li K, Zhang H, Li Y, Lin Z, Xu J, Guo Y. An antitumor arabinan from Glehnia littoralis activates immunity and inhibits angiogenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130242. [PMID: 38368974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Glehnia littoralis is an edible plant with significant medicinal value. To further elucidate the potential functional components for developing antitumor agents or functional foods, the polysaccharides in this plant were investigated, and a homogeneous polysaccharide, GLP90-2, was obtained through extraction and ethanol precipitation. By employing methylation, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR analysis, GLP90-2 was identified as an arabinan having a molecular weight of 7.76 × 103 g/mol and consisting of three types of residues: α-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, and →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→. The subsequent functional analysis revealed that GLP90-2 suppressed tumor development and metastasis in a zebrafish model. Mechanistic studies have shown that GLP90-2 promoted the maturation of DC2.4 cells and macrophages and enhanced the expression of immune-related cytokines, which may be attributed to the interaction between GLP90-2 and TLR-4. Additionally, GLP90-2 exhibited a strong interaction with PD-1, contributing to the activation of immunity. Furthermore, GLP90-2 suppressed angiogenesis in the transgenic zebrafish model, and this impact may be ascribed to the modulation of the VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway. All the results indicate that GLP90-2 demonstrates a strong tumor immunotherapy effect in vivo and has high potential for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Huang Y, Han Y, Dong D, Cao Y, Chen X, Liu D, Cheng X, Sun D, Li H, Zhang Y. Immune microenvironment heterogeneity of concurrent adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in multiple primary lung cancers. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:55. [PMID: 38424363 PMCID: PMC10904822 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular profiles and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs) presenting as concurrent lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) remain unknown. We aimed to clarify these factors. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES), RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) for five patients with concurrent ADC and SQCC. We found the genetic mutations were similar between ADC and SQCC groups. RNA-Seq revealed that the gene expression and pathways enriched in ADC and SQCC groups were quite different. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSVA) showed that nine gene sets were significantly differentially expressed between the ADC and SQCC groups (p < 0.05), with four gene sets relevant to squamous cell features upregulated in the SQCC group and five gene sets upregulated in the ADC group. Reactome enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the immune function-related pathways, including programmed cell death, innate immune system, interleukin-12 family signaling, and toll-like receptor 2/4 pathways, etc. were significantly enriched. Transcriptomic TIME analysis, with mIHC in patient specimens and in vivo validation, showed tumor-infiltrating immune cells were significantly more enriched and diverse in ADC, especially CD8 + T cells. Our results revealed that the transcriptomic profiles and TIME features were quite different between ADC and SQCC lesions. ADC lesions exhibited a more active TIME than SQCC lesions in MPLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yiheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yichao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuqin Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Di Liu
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 88 Danshan Road, Xidong Chuangrong Building, Suite C 1310-1318, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214104, China
| | - Xueyan Cheng
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 88 Danshan Road, Xidong Chuangrong Building, Suite C 1310-1318, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214104, China
| | - Debin Sun
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 88 Danshan Road, Xidong Chuangrong Building, Suite C 1310-1318, Xishan District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu, 214104, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Ribeiro de Souza B, Brum Reis I, Cardoso de Arruda Camargo G, Oliveira G, Cristina Dias Q, Durán N, José Fávaro W. A novel therapeutic strategy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: OncoTherad® immunotherapy associated with platelet-rich plasma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110723. [PMID: 37531827 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) that are unresponsive to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have historically had limited treatment options. A new perspective is represented by OncoTherad® (MRB-CFI-1) immunotherapy, a nanostructured inorganic phosphate complex associated with glycosidic protein, developed by the University of Campinas in Brazil. Previous studies have shown that Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) also acts on immune activation and exerts antitumor effects. This study characterized the effects of the OncoTherad® associated with PRP in the treatment of NMIBC chemically induced in mice. When treated intravesically with PRP only, mice showed 28.6% of tumor progression inhibition rate; with OncoTherad® 85.7%; and with OncoTherad®+PRP 71.4%. Intravesical treatments led to distinct activation of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4-mediated innate immune system in the interleukins (canonical) and interferons (non-canonical) signaling pathways. OncoTherad® isolated or associated with PRP upregulated TLR4 and its downstream cascade mediators as well as increased interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In this way, the NMIBC microenvironment was modulated to a cytotoxic profile correlated with the IL-1β increase by stimulating immune pathways for IFN-γ production and consequent cytotoxic T lymphocytes (as CD8+ T-cells) activation and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) reduction. In addition, PRP did not trigger carcinogenic effects through the biomarkers evaluated. Considering the possibility of personalizing the treatment with the PRP use as well as the antitumor properties of OncoTherad®, we highlight this association as a potential new therapeutic strategy for NMIBC, mainly in cases of relapse and/or resistance to BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ribeiro de Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ianny Brum Reis
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Gabriela Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Queila Cristina Dias
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nelson Durán
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Mazzio E, Barnes A, Badisa R, Council S, Soliman KFA. Plants against cancer: the immune-boosting herbal microbiome: not of the plant, but in the plant. Basic concepts, introduction, and future resource for vaccine adjuvant discovery. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1180084. [PMID: 37588095 PMCID: PMC10426289 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1180084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of microorganism communities (MOCs) comprised of bacteria, fungi, archaea, algae, protozoa, viruses, and the like, are ubiquitous in all living tissue, including plant and animal. MOCs play a significant role in establishing innate and acquired immunity, thereby influencing susceptibility and resistance to disease. This understanding has fostered substantial advancements in several fields such as agriculture, food science/safety, and the development of vaccines/adjuvants, which rely on administering inactivated-attenuated MOC pathogens. Historical evidence dating back to the 1800s, including reports by Drs Busch, Coley, and Fehleisen, suggested that acute febrile infection in response to "specific microbes" could trigger spontaneous tumor remission in humans. This discovery led to the purposeful administration of the same attenuated strains, known as "Coley's toxin," marking the onset of the first microbial (pathogen) associated molecular pattern (MAMPs or PAMPs)-based tumor immunotherapy, used clinically for over four decades. Today, these same MAMPS are consumed orally by billions of consumers around the globe, through "specific" mediums (immune boosting "herbal supplements") as carriers of highly concentrated MOCs accrued in roots, barks, hulls, sea algae, and seeds. The American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) mandates microbial reduction in botanical product processing but does not necessitate the removal of dead MAMP laden microbial debris, which we ingest. Moreover, while existing research has focused on the immune-modulating role of plant phytochemicals, the actual immune-boosting properties might instead reside solely in the plant's MOC MAMP laden biomass. This assertion is logical, considering that antigenic immune-provoking epitopes, not phytochemicals, are known to stimulate immune response. This review explores a neglected area of research regarding the immune-boosting effects of the herbal microbiome - a presence which is indirectly corroborated by various peripheral fields of study and poses a fundamental question: Given that food safety focuses on the elimination of harmful pathogens and crop science acknowledges the existence of plant microbiomes, what precisely are the immune effects of ingesting MAMPs of diverse structural composition and concentration, and where are these distributed in our botanicals? We will discuss the topic of concentrated edible MAMPs as acid and thermally stable motifs found in specific herbs and how these would activate cognate pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) in the upper gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), including Peyer's patches and the lamina propria, to boost antibody titers, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, NK activity, hematopoiesis, and facilitating M2 to M1 macrophage phenotype transition in a similar manner as vaccines. This new knowledge could pave the way for developing bioreactor-grown/heat-inactivated MOC therapies to boost human immunity against infections and improve tumor surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mazzio
- Divison of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Andrew Barnes
- Divison of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- Divison of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Stevie Council
- John Gnabre Science Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Divison of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Zhang B, Huang B, Zhang X, Li S, Zhu J, Chen X, Song H, Shang D. PANoptosis-related molecular subtype and prognostic model associated with the immune microenvironment and individualized therapy in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1217654. [PMID: 37519797 PMCID: PMC10382139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1217654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PANoptosis is an inflammatory type of programmed cell death regulated by PANopotosome. Mounting evidence has shown that PANoptosis could be involved in cancer pathogenesis and the tumor immune microenvironment. Nevertheless, there have been no studies on the mechanism of PANoptosis on pancreatic cancer (PC) pathogenesis. Methods We downloaded the data on transcriptomic and clinical features of PC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Additionally, the data on copy number variation (CNV), methylation and somatic mutations of genes in 33 types of cancers were obtained from TCGA. Next, we identified the PANoptosis-related molecular subtype using the consensus clustering analysis, and constructed and validated the PANoptosis-related prognostic model using LASSO and Cox regression analyses. Moreover, RT-qPCR was performed to determine the expression of genes involved in the model. Results We obtained 66 PANoptosis-related genes (PANRGs) from published studies. Of these, 24 PC-specific prognosis-related genes were identified. Pan-cancer analysis revealed complex genetic changes, including CNV, methylation, and mutation in PANRGs were identified in various cancers. By consensus clustering analysis, PC patients were classified into two PANoptosis-related patterns: PANcluster A and B. In PANcluster A, the patient prognosis was significantly worse compared to PANcluster B. The CIBERSORT algorithm showed a significant increase in the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, monocytes, and naïve B cells, in patients in PANcluster B. Additionally, the infiltration of macrophages, activated mast cells, and dendritic cells were higher in patients in PANcluster A. Patients in PANcluster A were more sensitive to erlotinib, selumetinib and trametinib, whereas patients in PANcluster B were highly sensitive to irinotecan, oxaliplatin and sorafenib. Moreover, we constructed and validated the PANoptosis-related prognostic model to predict the patient's survival. Finally, the GEPIA and Human Protein Atlas databases were analyzed, and RT-qPCR was performed. Compared to normal tissues, a significant increase in CXCL10 and ITGB6 (associated with the model) expression was observed in PC tissues. Conclusion We first identified the PANoptosis-related molecular subtypes and established a PANoptosis-related prognostic model for predicting the survival of patients with PC. These results would aid in exploring the mechanisms of PANoptosis in PC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bingqian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Velasco WV, Khosravi N, Castro-Pando S, Torres-Garza N, Grimaldo MT, Krishna A, Clowers MJ, Umer M, Tariq Amir S, Del Bosque D, Daliri S, De La Garza MM, Ramos-Castaneda M, Evans SE, Moghaddam SJ. Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 modulate promoting effect of COPD-like airway inflammation on K-ras-driven lung cancer through activation of the MyD88/NF-ĸB pathway in the airway epithelium. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118721. [PMID: 37283745 PMCID: PMC10240392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an extensive group of proteins involved in host defense processes that express themselves upon the increased production of endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) due to the constant contact that airway epithelium may have with pathogenic foreign antigens. We have previously shown that COPD-like airway inflammation induced by exposure to an aerosolized lysate of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) promotes tumorigenesis in a K-ras mutant mouse model of lung cancer, CCSPCre/LSL-K-rasG12D (CC-LR) mouse. Methods In the present study, we have dissected the role of TLRs in this process by knocking out TLR2, 4, and 9 and analyzing how these deletions affect the promoting effect of COPD-like airway inflammation on K-ras-driven lung adenocarcinoma. Results We found that knockout of TLR 2, 4, or 9 results in a lower tumor burden, reduced angiogenesis, and tumor cell proliferation, accompanied by increased tumor cell apoptosis and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment to one that is antitumorigenic. Additionally, knocking out of downstream signaling pathways, MyD88/NF-κB in the airway epithelial cells further recapitulated this initial finding. Discussion Our study expands the current knowledge of the roles that TLR signaling plays in lung cancer, which we hope, can pave the way for more reliable and efficacious prevention and treatment modalities for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter V. Velasco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nasim Khosravi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susana Castro-Pando
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nelly Torres-Garza
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Maria T. Grimaldo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Avantika Krishna
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael J. Clowers
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Misha Umer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sabah Tariq Amir
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Diana Del Bosque
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Soudabeh Daliri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Miguelina De La Garza
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Marco Ramos-Castaneda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Scott E. Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Seyed Javad Moghaddam
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Rostamizadeh L, Molavi O, Rashid M, Ramazani F, Baradaran B, Lavasanaifar A, Lai R. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy: Modulation of tumor microenvironment by Toll-like receptor ligands. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:261-290. [PMID: 35677663 PMCID: PMC9124882 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
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Immunotherapy is considered a promising approach for cancer treatment. An important strategy for cancer immunotherapy is the use of cancer vaccines, which have been widely used for cancer treatment. Despite the great potential of cancer vaccines for cancer treatment, their therapeutic effects in clinical settings have been limited. The main reason behind the lack of significant therapeutic outcomes for cancer vaccines is believed to be the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME counteracts the therapeutic effects of immunotherapy and provides a favorable environment for tumor growth and progression. Therefore, overcoming the immunosuppressive TME can potentially augment the therapeutic effects of cancer immunotherapy in general and therapeutic cancer vaccines in particular. Among the strategies developed for overcoming immunosuppression in TME, the use of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists has been suggested as a promising approach to reverse immunosuppression. In this paper, we will review the application of the four most widely studied TLR agonists including agonists of TLR3, 4, 7, and 9 in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rostamizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramazani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanaifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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10
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The Complex Network between Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246237. [PMID: 34944856 PMCID: PMC8699209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is one of the most diffuse malignant pathologies, and many factors are involved in its genesis. Among these factors, inflammation plays an important role. Many molecules are involved in inflammation processes and are linked in different pathways, either in the sense of pro-tumorigenesis or anti-tumorigenic action. This review was conducted with the aim to review in a single paper the majority of actual knowledge in the literature and to comprehend inflammation patterns for better clinical and surgical management of patients. Abstract Background: colorectal cancer (CRC) has a multifactorial etiology which comprises microbiota, genetic predisposition, diet, environmental factors, and last but not least, a substantial contribution by inflammation. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the strong link between inflammation and colorectal cancer. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Cochrane and EMBase databases was performed, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Each paper was reviewed by two groups of researchers in a single-blind format by using a pre-planned Microsoft© Excel® grid. Results: Using automated research filters, 14,566 studies were included, but 1% was found significant by the reviewers. Seventy pathways of inflammation were described in the sequence of inflammation-carcinogenesis, and anti-tumorigenic molecules were also found. Conclusion: several studies suggest a strong role of inflammation in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer through different pathways: this may have a diagnostic and clinical role and also therapeutic purpose in preventing carcinogenesis by treating inflammation. In vitro tests support this theory, even if many other clinical trials are necessary. The present paper was registered in the OpenScience Framework registry (Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/2KG7T).
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11
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Nouri Y, Weinkove R, Perret R. T-cell intrinsic Toll-like receptor signaling: implications for cancer immunotherapy and CAR T-cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003065. [PMID: 34799397 PMCID: PMC8606765 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved molecules that specifically recognize common microbial patterns, and have a critical role in innate and adaptive immunity. Although TLRs are highly expressed by innate immune cells, particularly antigen-presenting cells, the very first report of a human TLR also described its expression and function within T-cells. Gene knock-out models and adoptive cell transfer studies have since confirmed that TLRs function as important costimulatory and regulatory molecules within T-cells themselves. By acting directly on T-cells, TLR agonists can enhance cytokine production by activated T-cells, increase T-cell sensitivity to T-cell receptor stimulation, promote long-lived T-cell memory, and reduce the suppressive activity of regulatory T-cells. Direct stimulation of T-cell intrinsic TLRs may be a relevant mechanism of action of TLR ligands currently under clinical investigation as cancer immunotherapies. Finally, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells afford a new opportunity to specifically exploit T-cell intrinsic TLR function. This can be achieved by expressing TLR signaling domains, or domains from their signaling partner myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), within or alongside the CAR. This review summarizes the expression and function of TLRs within T-cells, and explores the relevance of T-cell intrinsic TLR expression to the benefits and risks of TLR-stimulating cancer immunotherapies, including CAR T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Nouri
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Blood & Cancer Centre, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Perret
- Cancer Immunotherapy Programme, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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12
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Leong K, Gaglani B, Khanna AK, McCurdy MT. Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Sepsis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030311. [PMID: 33803628 PMCID: PMC8003067 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis management demands early diagnosis and timely treatment that includes source control, antimicrobial therapy, and resuscitation. Currently employed diagnostic tools are ill-equipped to rapidly diagnose sepsis and isolate the offending pathogen, which limits the ability to offer targeted and lowest-toxicity treatment. Cutting edge diagnostics and therapeutics in development may improve time to diagnosis and address two broad management principles: (1) source control by removing the molecular infectious stimulus of sepsis, and (2) attenuation of the pathological immune response allowing the body to heal. This review addresses novel diagnostics and therapeutics and their role in the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Leong
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Bhavita Gaglani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest University Hospital, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (B.G.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Ashish K. Khanna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section on Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest University Hospital, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (B.G.); (A.K.K.)
- Department of Outcomes Research, Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael T. McCurdy
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Mokhtari Y, Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi A, Zafari P, Bagheri N, Ghaffari SH, Bashash D. Toll-like receptors (TLRs): An old family of immune receptors with a new face in cancer pathogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:639-651. [PMID: 33336901 PMCID: PMC7812258 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the dark path of tumorigenesis, the more carefully the cancer biology is studied, the more brilliant answers could be given to the countless questions about its orchestrating derivers. The identification of the correlation between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and different processes involved in carcinogenesis was one of the single points of blinding light highlighting the interconnection between the immune system and cancer. TLRs are a wide family of single-pass membrane-spanning receptors that have developed through the evolution to recognize the structurally conserved molecules derived from microorganisms or damaged cells. But this is not everything about these receptors as they could orchestrate several downstream signalling pathways leading to the formation or suppression of cancer cells. The present review is tempted to provide a concise schematic about the biology and the characters of TLRs and also summarize the major findings of the regulatory role of TLRs and their associated signalling in the pathogenesis of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Mokhtari
- Department of Hematology and Blood BankingSchool of Allied Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri‐Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood BankingSchool of Allied Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Parisa Zafari
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterBasic Health Sciences InstituteShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Seyed H. Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research CenterShariati HospitalSchool of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood BankingSchool of Allied Medical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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14
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Burn OK, Prasit KK, Hermans IF. Modulating the Tumour Microenvironment by Intratumoural Injection of Pattern Recognition Receptor Agonists. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3824. [PMID: 33352882 PMCID: PMC7765936 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signalling through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to strong proinflammatory responses, enhancing the activity of antigen presenting cells and shaping adaptive immune responses against tumour associated antigens. Unfortunately, toxicities associated with systemic administration of these agonists have limited their clinical use to date. Direct injection of PRR agonists into the tumour can enhance immune responses by directly modulating the cells present in the tumour microenvironment. This can improve local antitumour activity, but importantly, also facilitates systemic responses that limit tumour growth at distant sites. As such, this form of therapy could be used clinically where metastatic tumour lesions are accessible, or as neoadjuvant therapy. In this review, we summarise current preclinical data on intratumoural administration of PRR agonists, including new strategies to optimise delivery and impact, and combination studies with current and promising new cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (O.K.B.); (K.K.P.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Kef K. Prasit
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (O.K.B.); (K.K.P.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Ian F. Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand; (O.K.B.); (K.K.P.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
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15
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Silveira HS, Lupi LA, Romagnoli GG, Kaneno R, da Silva Nunes I, Fávaro WJ, de Almeida Chuffa LG. P-MAPA activates TLR2 and TLR4 signaling while its combination with IL-12 stimulates CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells in ovarian cancer. Life Sci 2020; 254:117786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Ain QU, Batool M, Choi S. TLR4-Targeting Therapeutics: Structural Basis and Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030627. [PMID: 32023919 PMCID: PMC7037830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of computational techniques into drug development has led to a substantial increase in the knowledge of structural, chemical, and biological data. These techniques are useful for handling the big data generated by empirical and clinical studies. Over the last few years, computer-aided drug discovery methods such as virtual screening, pharmacophore modeling, quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis, and molecular docking have been employed by pharmaceutical companies and academic researchers for the development of pharmacologically active drugs. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a vital role in various inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer, and systemic lupus erythematosus. TLRs, particularly TLR4, have been identified as potential drug targets for the treatment of these diseases, and several relevant compounds are under preclinical and clinical evaluation. This review covers the reported computational studies and techniques that have provided insights into TLR4-targeting therapeutics. Furthermore, this article provides an overview of the computational methods that can benefit a broad audience in this field and help with the development of novel drugs for TLR-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sangdun Choi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-2600; Fax: +82-31-219-1615
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17
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Urban-Wojciuk Z, Khan MM, Oyler BL, Fåhraeus R, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Nita-Lazar A, Hupp TR, Goodlett DR. The Role of TLRs in Anti-cancer Immunity and Tumor Rejection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2388. [PMID: 31695691 PMCID: PMC6817561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a lot of scientific interest has focused on cancer immunotherapy. Although chronic inflammation has been described as one of the hallmarks of cancer, acute inflammation can actually trigger the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands have long been used as adjuvants for traditional vaccines and it seems they may also play a role enhancing efficiency of tumor immunotherapy. The aim of this perspective is to discuss the effects of TLR stimulation in cancer, expression of various TLRs in different types of tumors, and finally the role of TLRs in anti-cancer immunity and tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Urban-Wojciuk
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdaǹsk, Gdaǹsk, Poland
| | - Mohd M Khan
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology (LISB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin L Oyler
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdaǹsk, Gdaǹsk, Poland.,Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Université Paris 7, INSERM, UMR 1162, Paris, France.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdaǹsk, Gdaǹsk, Poland.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdaǹsk, Gdaǹsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology (LISB), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ted R Hupp
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdaǹsk, Gdaǹsk, Poland.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia.,Cell Signaling Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David R Goodlett
- International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science (ICCVS), University of Gdaǹsk, Gdaǹsk, Poland.,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Shetab Boushehri MA, Yazeji T, Stein V, Lamprecht A. Modulation of Nanostructure-Based Lipopolysaccharide Active Immunotherapy in Cancer: Size and Composition Determine Short- and Long-Term Tolerability. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4507-4518. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tawfek Yazeji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany
| | - Valentin Stein
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121, Germany
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgonge Franch-Comte, Besançon 25030, France
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19
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TLR2 promotes development and progression of human glioma via enhancing autophagy. Gene 2019; 700:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Challenges of using lipopolysaccharides for cancer immunotherapy and potential delivery-based solutions thereto. Ther Deliv 2019; 10:165-187. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being one of the earliest Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based cancer immunotherapeutics discovered and investigated, the full extent of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potentials within this arena remains hitherto unexploited. In this review, we will debate the challenges that have complicated the improvement of LPS-based immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. Based on their nature, those will be discussed with a focus on side effect-related, tolerance-related and in vivo model-related challenges. We will then explore how drug delivery strategies can be integrated within this domain to address such challenges in order to improve the therapeutic outcome, and will present a summary of the studies that have been dedicated thereto. This paper may inspire further developments based on reconciling the advantages of drug delivery and LPS-based cancer immunotherapy.
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21
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Moradi-Marjaneh R, Hassanian SM, Hasanzadeh M, Rezayi M, Maftouh M, Mehramiz M, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Avan A. Therapeutic potential of toll-like receptors in treatment of gynecological cancers. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:549-564. [PMID: 30729633 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune system. They are expressed in various regions of the female reproductive tract, and their regulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of gynecological lesions. There is growing evidence that ligands for several TLRs are potentially anticancer agents, some of which have already been approved by the FDA, and these compounds are now undergoing clinical evaluation. There is a rationale for using these ligands as adjuvants in the treatment or prevention of gynecological cancer. Some TLR agonists that are of potential interest in the treatment of gynecological lesions include imiquimod, motolimod, cervarix, and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). In this review, we outline the different functions of TLRs in gynecological cancer with particular emphasis on the value of TLR agonists as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of gynecological cancer. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(5):549-564, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrane Mehramiz
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Pudełko A, Wisowski G, Olczyk K, Koźma EM. The dual role of the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin-6-sulfate in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. FEBS J 2019; 286:1815-1837. [PMID: 30637950 PMCID: PMC6850286 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable structural heterogeneity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) generates biological information that can be unique to each of these glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and changes in their composition are translated into alterations in the binding profiles of these molecules. CS/DS can bind to various cytokines and growth factors, cell surface receptors, adhesion molecules, enzymes and fibrillar glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix, thereby influencing both cell behavior and the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the matrix. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning CS/DS metabolism in the human cancer stroma. The remodeling of the GAG profile in the tumor niche is manifested as a substantial increase in the CS content and a gradual decrease in the proportion between DS and CS. Furthermore, the composition of CS and DS is also affected, which results in a substantial increase in the 6‐O‐sulfated and/or unsulfated disaccharide content, which is concomitant with a decrease in the 4‐O‐sulfation level. Here, we discuss the possible impact of alterations in the CS/DS sulfation pattern on the binding capacity and specificity of these GAGs. Moreover, we propose potential consequences of the stromal accumulation of chondroitin‐6‐sulfate for the progression and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pudełko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wisowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Shetab Boushehri MA, Abdel-Mottaleb MMA, Béduneau A, Pellequer Y, Lamprecht A. A nanoparticle-based approach to improve the outcome of cancer active immunotherapy with lipopolysaccharides. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1414-1425. [PMID: 29902933 PMCID: PMC6058527 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1469684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to develop a simple nanoparticle-based approach to enhance the efficiency and tolerability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent ligand of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), for immunotherapy in cancer. Despite holding promise within this context, the strong pro-inflammatory properties of LPS also account for its low tolerability given localized and systemic side effects, which restrict the administrable dosage. Herein, we investigated the effect of LPS decoration as a surface-active molecule on a polymeric matrix upon its efficiency and tolerability. The LPS-decorated nanoparticles (LPS-NP) were about 150 nm in size, with slightly negative zeta potential (about -15 mV) and acceptable LPS incorporation (about 70%). In vitro, the particles accounted for a higher induction of apoptosis in tumor cells cultured with murine splenocytes compared to LPS solution. When used for the treatment of a murine syngeneic colorectal tumor model, higher intratumoral deposition of the particle-bound LPS was observed. Furthermore, unlike LPS solution, which accounted for localized necrosis at high concentrations, treatment of tumor-bearing animals with equivalent doses of LPS-NP was well tolerated. We propose that the observed localized necrosis can be Shwartzman phenomenon, which, due to modulated 24-h post-injection systemic TNF-α and LPS concentrations, have been avoided in case of LPS-NP. This has in turn enhanced the therapeutic efficiency and enabled complete tumor regression at concentrations at which LPS solution was intolerable. The findings indicate that nanoparticles can serve as beyond carriers for the delivery of superficially decorated LPS molecules, but impact their overall efficiency and tolerability in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona M A Abdel-Mottaleb
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.,b Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering (EA4267) , University of Franche-Comté , Besançon , France.,c Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- b Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering (EA4267) , University of Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- b Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering (EA4267) , University of Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany.,b Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering (EA4267) , University of Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
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24
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Shetab Boushehri MA, Lamprecht A. TLR4-Based Immunotherapeutics in Cancer: A Review of the Achievements and Shortcomings. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4777-4800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgonge Franch-Comte, 25030 Besançon, France
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Dias LP, Luzo ÂCM, Volpe BB, Durán M, Galdames SEM, Ferreira LAB, Durán N, Fávaro WJ. Effects of intravesical therapy with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:17-27. [PMID: 29857824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the effects of a promising therapeutic alternative for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) based on Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intravesical immunotherapy combined with Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in an animal model. Furthermore, this study describes the possible mechanisms of this therapeutic combination involving Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 signaling pathways. NMIBC was induced by treating female Fischer 344 rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). After treatment with MNU, the animals were distributed into four experimental groups: Control (without MNU) group, MNU (cancer) group, MNU + PRP group, MNU + BCG group and MNU + PRP + BCG group. Our results demonstrated that PRP treatment alone or associated with BCG triggered significant cytotoxicity in bladder carcinoma cells (HTB-9). Animals treated with PRP associated to BCG clearly showed better histopathological recovery from the cancer state and decrease of urothelial neoplastic lesions progression in 70% of animals when compared to groups that received the same therapies administered singly. In addition, this therapeutic association led to distinct activation of immune system TLRs 2 and 4-mediated, resulting in increased MyD88, TRIF, IRF3, IFN-γ immunoreactivities. Taken together, the data obtained suggest that interferon signaling pathway activation by PRP treatment in combination with BCG immunotherapy may provide novel therapeutic approaches for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Paro Dias
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângela C Malheiros Luzo
- Public Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Haematology Hemotherapy Center/INCT do Sangue, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Volpe
- Public Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Haematology Hemotherapy Center/INCT do Sangue, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcela Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sofia E M Galdames
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz A B Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Wagner J Fávaro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; NanoBioss, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Zymosan attenuates melanoma growth progression, increases splenocyte proliferation and induces TLR-2/4 and TNF-α expression in mice. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2018; 15:5. [PMID: 29588627 PMCID: PMC5863857 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-018-0182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Melanoma is one of the most common types of skin malignancies. Since current therapies are suboptimal, considerable interest has focused on novel natural-based treatments. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in evoking innate immunity against cancer cells. Zymosan, a known TLR-2 agonist, is a glucan derived from yeast cell walls with promising immunomodulatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived zymosan-modulated skin melanoma progression by regulation of TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression in peritoneal macrophages and serum TNF-α level. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: i) zymosan-treated (Z), ii) Melanoma-bearing mice (M), iii) Melanoma-bearing mice treated with zymosan (ZM) and iv) a healthy control group (negative control). 15 days after melanoma induction, mice were injected i.p. with zymosan (10 μg) daily for 4 consecutive days. Mice were CO2-euthanized and serum TNF-α level, TLR-2 and TLR-4 expression in peritoneal macrophages and tumor growth measured. Splenocytes were treated ex-vivo with zymosan to determine viability and proliferation. Results Tumor weight significantly decreased following therapeutic dosing with zymosan (P < 0.05). This was associated with zymosan-induced upregulation of TLR-2, TLR-4 and TNF-α mRNA in peritoneal macrophages and enhanced serum TNF-α levels (P < 0.05). Splenocyte number and viability were increased in a concentration-dependent manner by zymosan. Conclusions Our study suggests that zymosan-induced upregulation of TLR-2, TLR-4 and TNF-α gene expression and of TNF-α release; together with increased level of lymphocyte proliferation may play a role in the inhibition of melanoma progression.
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TLR2 agonism reverses chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in Macaca fascicularis. Blood Adv 2017; 1:2553-2562. [PMID: 29296907 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017010611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutropenia is a common consequence of radiation and chemotherapy in cancer patients. The resulting immunocompromised patients become highly susceptible to potentially life-threatening infections. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is known to stimulate neutrophil production and is widely used as a treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. A small-molecule G-CSF secretagogue without a requirement for refrigerated supply chain would offer a more convenient and cost-effective treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Bacterial lipopeptides activate innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and induce the release of cytokines, including G-CSF, from macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial. Pam2CSK4 is a synthetic lipopeptide that effectively mimics bacterial lipoproteins known to activate TLR2 receptor signaling through the TLR2/6 heterodimer. Substrate-based drug design led to the discovery of GSK3277329, which stimulated the release of G-CSF in activated THP-1 cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. When administered subcutaneously to cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), GSK3277329 caused systemic elevation of G-CSF and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but not IL-1β or tumor necrosis factor α, indicating a selective cytokine-stimulation profile. Repeat daily injections of GSK3277329 in healthy monkeys also raised circulating neutrophils above the normal range over a 1-week treatment period. More importantly, repeated daily injections of GSK3277329 over a 2-week period restored neutrophil loss in monkeys given chemotherapy treatment (cyclophosphamide, Cytoxan). These data demonstrate preclinical in vivo proof of concept that TLR2 agonism can drive both G-CSF induction and subsequent neutrophil elevation in the cynomolgus monkey and could be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
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Kim JW, Lee J, Yoo AY, Choi JW, Park YI, Park JK. Immune-stimulating activity of water-soluble extracellular polysaccharide isolated from Rhizobium massiliae. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Horne TK, Cronjé MJ. Novel carbohydrate-substituted metallo-porphyrazine comparison for cancer tissue-type specificity during PDT. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:412-422. [PMID: 28662468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A longstanding obstacle to cancer eradication centers on the heterogeneous nature of the tissue that manifests it. Variations between cancer cell resistance profiles often result in a survival percentage following classic therapeutics. As an alternative, photodynamic therapys' (PDT) unique non-specific cell damage mechanism and high degree of application control enables it to potentially deliver an efficient treatment regime to a broad range of heterogeneous tissue types thereby overcoming individual resistance profiles. This study follows on from previous design, characterization and solubility analyses of three novel carbohydrate-ligated zinc-porphyrazine (Zn(II)Pz) derivatives. Here we report on their PDT application potential in the treatment of five common cancer tissue types in vitro. Following analyses of metabolic homeostasis, toxicity and cell death induction, overall Zn(II)Pz-PDT proved comparably efficient between all cancer tissue populations. Differential localization patterns of Zn(II)Pz derivatives between cell types did not appear to influence the overall PDT effect. All cell types exhibited significant disruptions to mitochondrial activity and associated ATP production levels. Toxicity and chromatin structure profiles revealed indiscernible patterns of damage between Zn(II)Pz derivatives and cell type. The subtle differences observed between individual Zn(II)Pz derivatives is most likely due to a combination of carbohydrate moiety characteristics on energy transfer processes and associated dosage optimization requirements per tissue type. Collectively, this indicates that resistance profiles are negated to a significant extent by Zn(II)Pz-PDT making these derivatives attractive candidates for PDT applications across multiple tissue types and subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarisk K Horne
- Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marianne J Cronjé
- Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with innate antibacterial immunity in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:404-418. [PMID: 28450804 PMCID: PMC5382886 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disorders of innate antibacterial response are of fundamental importance in the development of gastrointestinal cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Multi-regulatory properties of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) (e.g., regulation of proliferation, the activity of NF-κB, gene transcription of apoptosis proteins, regulation of angiogenesis, HIF-1α protein expression) are used in experimental studies to better understand the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, for early diagnosis, and for more effective therapeutic intervention. There are known numerous examples of TLR agonists (e.g., TLR2/5 ligands, TLR6, TLR9) of antitumor effect. The direction of these studies is promising, but a small number of them does not allow for an accurate assessment of the impact of TLR expression disorders, proteins of these signaling pathways, or attempts to block or stimulate them, on the results of treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. It is known, however, that the expression disorders of proteins of innate antibacterial response signaling pathways occur not only in tumor tissue but also in peripheral blood leukocytes of pancreatic cancer patients (e.g., increased expression of TLR4, NOD1, TRAF6), which is one of the most important factors facilitating further tumor development. This review mainly focuses on the genetic aspects of signaling pathway disorders associated with innate antibacterial response in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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Tartey S, Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and Toll-like receptor targeted therapeutics in innate immune cells. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:57-73. [PMID: 28060562 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2016.1261318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system deploys a variety of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) which include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and C-type lectin receptors to detect the invasion of pathogens and initiate protective responses. The intercellular and intracellular orchestration of signals from different PRRs, their endogenous or microbial ligands and accessory molecules determine the stimulatory or inhibitory responses. Progressing over the last two decades, considerable research on the molecular mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions has led to a paradigm shift of our understanding of TLR signaling in the innate immune system. Given that a significant amount of evidence implicates TLRs in the pathogenesis of immune diseases and cancer, and their activation occurs early in the inflammatory cascade, they are attractive targets for novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in TLR signaling cross talks and the mechanism of pathogen recognition with special emphasis on the role of TLRs in tumor immunity and TLR-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Tartey
- a Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University , Kawara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto , Japan.,b AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- a Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University , Kawara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto , Japan.,b AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development , Kyoto , Japan
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Hantel C, Ozimek A, Lira R, Ragazzon B, Jäckel C, Frantsev R, Reincke M, Bertherat J, Mussack T, Beuschlein F. TNF alpha signaling is associated with therapeutic responsiveness to vascular disrupting agents in endocrine tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 423:87-95. [PMID: 26768118 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ASA404 (Vadimezan) belongs to a class of agents with disrupting properties against tumor vasculature, which is partly mediated by TNFα-signaling. Preclinical and early clinical studies have indicated promising results for ASA404, while extended clinical trials performed poorly. Our aim was to investigate the potential therapeutic applicability of ASA404 against endocrine tumors. Moreover, as the reason for the unpredictable clinical anti-tumor activity of ASA 404 remained uncertain in previous studies, we compared two tumor models of endocrine origin with different responses to ASA404 treatment. Specifically, we determined anti-tumoral effects in preclinical models of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system (BON) and adrenocortical cancer (NCI-H295R) in vitro and in xenograft models in vivo. Upon treatment of tumor bearing mice significant anti-tumoral effects, an increase in TNFα as well as activation of TNFα-specific downstream signaling were evident in the BON tumor model while no comparable effects were detectable for NCI-H295R. We identified TNFAIP3/A20, a key molecule of an inhibitory feedback-loop downstream of TNF-receptor 1, CD40, Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors and the interleukin-1 receptor signaling cascades, as overexpressed in the adrenocortical carcinoma tumor model. Subsequent analyses of clinical patient samples confirmed a correlation between tumor TNFAIP3 expression levels and overall survival in patients with ACC. Taken together our findings provide evidence that modulation of TNFα-signaling could be of relevance both for the clinical course of ACC patients and as a marker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Hantel
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Ozimek
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Regia Lira
- Pediatrics Department, FMRP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Jäckel
- Clinical Biochemistry, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Frantsev
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Cnrs UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Mussack
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Salem ML, Attia ZI, Galal SM. Acute inflammation induces immunomodulatory effects on myeloid cells associated with anti-tumor responses in a tumor mouse model. J Adv Res 2016; 7:243-53. [PMID: 26966565 PMCID: PMC4767798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the self nature of cancer, anti-tumor immune response is weak. As such, acute inflammation induced by microbial products can induce signals that result in initiation of an inflammatory cascade that helps activation of immune cells. We aimed to compare the nature and magnitude of acute inflammation induced by toll-like receptor ligands (TLRLs) on the tumor growth and the associated inflammatory immune responses. To induce acute inflammation in tumor-bearing host, CD1 mice were inoculated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) (5 × 10(5) cells/mouse), and then treated with i.p. injection on day 1, day 7 or days 1 + 7 with: (1) polyinosinic:polycytidylic (poly(I:C)) (TLR3L); (2) Poly-ICLC (clinical grade of TLR3L); (3) Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) (coding for TLR9L); (4) Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) (coding for TLR9L); and (5) Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA). Treatment with poly(I:C), Poly-ICLC, BCG, CFA, or IFA induced anti-tumor activities as measured by 79.1%, 75.94%, 73.94%, 71.88% and 47.75% decreases, respectively in the total number of tumor cells collected 7 days after tumor challenge. Among the tested TLRLs, both poly(I:C) (TLR3L) and BCG (contain TLR9L) showed the highest anti-tumor effects as reflected by the decrease in the number of EAc cells. These effects were associated with a 2-fold increase in the numbers of inflammatory cells expressing the myeloid markers CD11b(+)Ly6G(+), CD11b(+)Ly6G(-), and CD11b(+)Ly6G(-). We concluded that Provision of the proper inflammatory signal with optimally defined magnitude and duration during tumor growth can induce inflammatory immune cells with potent anti-tumor responses without vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L. Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +20 1274272624.
| | - Zeinab I. Attia
- Physiology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sohaila M. Galal
- Physiology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Lopes JAG, Borges-Canha M, Pimentel-Nunes P. Innate immunity and hepatocarcinoma: Can toll-like receptors open the door to oncogenesis? World J Hepatol 2016; 8:162-182. [PMID: 26839640 PMCID: PMC4724579 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent cancer worldwide and its inflammatory background was established long ago. Recent studies have shown that innate immunity is closely related to the HCC carcinogenesis. An effective innate immunity response relies on the toll-like receptors (TLR) found in several different liver cells which, through different ligands and many signaling pathways can elicit, not only a pro-inflammatory but also an oncogenic or anti-oncogenic response. Our aim was to study the role of TLRs in the liver oncogenesis and as a consequence their value as potential therapeutic targets. We performed a systematic review of PubMed searching for original articles studying the relationship between HCC and TLRs until March 2015. TLR2 appears to be a fundamental stress-sensor as its absence reveals an augmented tendency to accumulate DNA-damages and to cell survival. However, pathways are still not fully understood as TLR2 up-regulation was also associated to enhanced tumorigenesis. TLR3 has a well-known protective role influencing crucial processes like angiogenesis, cell growth or proliferation. TLR4 works as an interesting epithelial-mesenchymal transition’s inducer and a promoter of cell survival probably inducing HCC carcinogenesis even though an anti-cancer role has already been observed. TLR9’s influence on carcinogenesis is also controversial and despite a potential anti-cancer capacity, a pro-tumorigenic role is more likely. Genetic polymorphisms in some TLRs have been found and its influence on the risk of HCC has been reported. As therapeutic targets, TLRs are already in use and have a great potential. In conclusion, TLRs have been shown to be an interesting influence on the HCC’s microenvironment, with TLR3 clearly determining an anti-tumour influence. TLR4 and TLR9 are considered to have a positive relationship with tumour development even though, in each of them anti-tumorigenic signals have been described. TLR2 presents a more ambiguous role, possibly depending on the stage of the inflammation-HCC axis.
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Kim TW, Lee SJ, Oh BM, Lee H, Uhm TG, Min JK, Park YJ, Yoon SR, Kim BY, Kim JW, Choe YK, Lee HG. Epigenetic modification of TLR4 promotes activation of NF-κB by regulating methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 and Sp1 in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4195-209. [PMID: 26675260 PMCID: PMC4826199 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is important in promoting the immune response in various cancers. Recently, TLR4 is highly expressed in a stage-dependent manner in gastric cancer, but the regulatory mechanism of TLR4 expression has been not elucidated it. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying regulation of TLR4 expression through promoter methylation and histone modification between transcriptional regulation and silencing of the TLR4 gene in gastric cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was carried out to screen for factors related to TLR4 methylation such as MeCP2, HDAC1, and Sp1 on the TLR4 promoter. Moreover, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) induced demethylation of the TLR4 promoter and increased H3K4 trimethylation and Sp1 binding to reactivate silenced TLR4. In contrast, although the silence of TLR4 activated H3K9 trimethylation and MeCP2 complex, combined treatment with TLR4 agonist and 5-aza-dC upregulated H3K4 trimethylation and activated with transcription factors as Sp1 and NF-κB. This study demonstrates that recruitment of the MeCP2/HDAC1 repressor complex increases the low levels of TLR4 expression through epigenetic modification of DNA and histones on the TLR4 promoter, but Sp1 activates TLR4 high expression by hypomethylation and NF-κB signaling in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Moo Oh
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Lee
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gi Uhm
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyung Choe
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Genome Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lamrani M, Sassi N, Paul C, Yousfi N, Boucher JL, Gauthier N, Labbé J, Seignez C, Racoeur C, Athias A, Guerreiro R, Vergely C, Rochette L, Bettaieb A, Jeannin JF. TLR4/IFNγ pathways induce tumor regression via NOS II-dependent NO and ROS production in murine breast cancer models. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1123369. [PMID: 27467924 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonists have emerged as a new group of molecules used for cancer therapy. They have been exploited to enhance the immunogenicity of current chemotherapeutic regimens. However, their effects on cancer cells remain elusive. Here, we showed that a TLR4 agonist, namely a synthetic lipid A analog (ALA), OM-174, exhibits antitumor effects in several mammary tumor mouse models. We also showed that immune components are involved in such effects, as attested to by the failure of ALA to induce tumor regression or an increase of animal survival in mice knocked-out for interferon γ (IFNγ) or TLR4. TLR4 and IFNγ receptor (INFR2) expressed by cancer cells are involved in the antitumor efficacy of ALA since this last did not inhibit tumor growth in mice bearing a tumor but lacking TLR4 or IFNγ receptor 2 (IFNR2). Mechanistic investigations revealed that nitric oxide (NO), superoxide and peroxynitrite produced by uncoupling of inducible NO synthase (NOS II) in cancer cells are key mediators of ALA and IFNγ-mediated tumor growth inhibition. We present here a comprehensive picture of tumor cell death induction, in vivo and in vitro, by immunotherapy and for the first time the involvement of the TLR4/IFNγ/NOS II pathway in immunotherapy was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Lamrani
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Nejia Sassi
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Nadhir Yousfi
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France
| | | | - Nolwenn Gauthier
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Labbé
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Cédric Seignez
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Cindy Racoeur
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Athias
- INSERM U 866, Burgundy University , Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Luc Rochette
- INSERM U 866, Burgundy University , Dijon, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Jeannin
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, F-75014, Paris, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LIIC EA7269, Dijon, France; INSERM U 866, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
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Nowarski R, Gagliani N, Huber S, Flavell RA. Innate immune cells in inflammation and cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 1:77-84. [PMID: 24777498 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system has evolved in multicellular organisms to detect and respond to situations that compromise tissue homeostasis. It comprises a set of tissue-resident and circulating leukocytes primarily designed to sense pathogens and tissue damage through hardwired receptors and eliminate noxious sources by mediating inflammatory processes. While indispensable to immunity, the inflammatory mediators produced in situ by activated innate cells during injury or infection are also associated with increased cancer risk and tumorigenesis. Here, we outline basic principles of innate immune cell functions in inflammation and discuss how these functions converge upon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Nowarski
- Authors' Affiliations: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
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Lu CC, Kuo HC, Wang FS, Jou MH, Lee KC, Chuang JH. Upregulation of TLRs and IL-6 as a marker in human colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:159-77. [PMID: 25547486 PMCID: PMC4307241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) not only form an important part of the innate immune system but also serve to activate the adaptive immune system in response to cancer. Real-time PCR; immunohistochemical stain and Western blotting analyses were performed to clarify molecular alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We identified Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), TLR2, TLR4 and TLR8 gene expression levels and downstream gene, i.e., interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, interferon-α (IFN-α) and myeloid differentiation primary-response protein-88 (MyD88), expression levels in CRC patients and in cancer cell lines. CRC tissues have higher TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, IL-6 and IL-8 gene expression levels than do the normal colon mucosa (p < 0.05). TLR2 expression varied in different cell types (mucosa and lymphocytes). There was no difference in the MyD88 and IFN-α gene expression levels between cancerous and normal colon mucosa. CRC patients had higher levels of IL-6 (p = 0.002) and IL-8 (p = 0.038) expression than healthy volunteers did; and higher IL-6 and IL-8 expression was also found to signify a higher risk of recurrence. CL075 (3M002) treatments can reduce the production of IL-8 in different cancer cell lines. The signaling pathway of TLRs in cancer tissue is different from that in normal cells; and is MyD88-independent. Higher expression levels of TLR1, TLR2, TLR 4 and TLR 8 mRNA were related to upregulation inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 gene expression in tissue and to the upregulation of IL-6 in blood. The concentration of IL-6 in serum can be used as an indicator of the possibility of CRC recurrence. Treatment with 3M002 can reduce IL-6 production in vitro and may prevent CRC recurrence. Our findings provide evidence that TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR8 gene expression induce downstream IL-6 and IL-8 gene expression; detection of these expression levels can serve as a CRC marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Lu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Huey Jou
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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Gene expression disorders of innate antibacterial signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer patients: implications for leukocyte dysfunction and tumor progression. Cent Eur J Immunol 2014; 39:498-507. [PMID: 26155170 PMCID: PMC4439963 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2014.47736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate changes in gene expression of innate antibacterial signaling pathways in patients with pancreatic cancer. Expression of the following genes was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes of 55 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): TLR4, NOD1, MyD88, TRAF6 and HMGB1. The levels of expression of TLR4, NOD1 and TRAF6 genes were significantly elevated (p = 0.007; p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively), while MyD88 expression was markedly reduced (p = 0.0002), as compared to controls. Expression of TLR4 and NOD1 exceeded the normal level more than 3.5-fold and there was a significant correlation found between the expression of these genes (r = 0.558, p < 0.001). TLR4, NOD1 and MyD88 genes were expressed at a similar level both before and after surgery. No significant changes in the expression of HMGB1 gene were observed. The results of the study clearly indicate abnormal expression of genes belonging to innate antibacterial signaling pathways in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with pancreatic cancer, which may lead to leukocyte dysfunction. Overexpression of TLR4, NOD1 and TRAF6 genes, and decreased MyD88 gene expression may contribute to chronic inflammation and tumor progression by up-regulation of the innate antibacterial response. The parameters tested are useful for monitoring innate immunity gene disorders and pancreatic cancer progression.
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Wang J, Lin D, Peng H, Shao J, Gu J. Cancer-derived immunoglobulin G promotes LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production via binding to TLR4 in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9727-43. [PMID: 25179302 PMCID: PMC4259433 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that various cancer cells express immunoglobulin G (IgG). However, the function of cancer-derived IgG and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that IgG expression was significantly altered after exposure to LPS in cervical cancer cells, suggesting that IgG was potentially involved in regulation of TLR4 signaling. Reduction of IgG attenuated LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production. The phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and MAPK were consistently suppressed by knockdown of IgG, which in turn impaired NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activity of NF-κB responsive element. Furthermore, we found that IgG was recruited to TLR4 in the cytoplasm after LPS stimulation, and IgG silencing inhibited LPS-initiated proinflammatory cytokine production through downregulating TLR4 expression. Similar results were obtained in a mouse model of endotoxemia and human tissues. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that IgG is a positive regulator of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by binding to TLR4 and enhancing its expression. TLR4 signaling plays a positive role in the development of many inflammation induced cancers such as cervical cancer. Our study strongly indicates that IgG may promote cervical cancer cell proliferation through enhancing TLR4 signaling. IgG may be a novel therapeutic target in treating inflammation mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Danyi Lin
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have generated an extraordinary amount of interest in cancer research since the last decade. TLRs are a family of pattern recognition receptors that is involved in the host defense against microbial infections. It is well known that the activation of TLRs leads to the production of biological factors that drive inflammatory responses and activate the adaptive immune system. More recently, TLR-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to support tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we describe recently emerged links between TLR4 and breast cancer oncogenesis, and future perspectives for the targeting of TLR4 in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr Ahmed
- Department of Academic Surgery; University College Cork (UCC); Cork University Hospital; Cork, Ireland
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Awasthi S. Toll-like receptor-4 modulation for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:328. [PMID: 25120541 PMCID: PMC4110442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shanjana Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, OK , USA
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Cho HY, Lee SW. TLR5 activation by flagellin induces doxorubicin resistance via interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in two multiple myeloma cells. Cell Immunol 2014; 289:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Therapeutic potential of transgenic mesenchymal stem cells engineered to mediate anti-high mobility group box 1 activity: targeting of colon cancer. J Surg Res 2014; 190:134-43. [PMID: 24679698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being developed as a new clinically relevant stem cell type to be recruited into and to repair injured tissue. A number of studies have focused on the therapeutic potential of MSCs by virtue of their immunomodulatory properties. Systemically administered MSCs can also migrate to sites of malignancies. Because of this latter phenomenon, we transfected human MSCs to secrete anti-high mobility group box (HMGB) 1 proteins. They were then injected into mice bearing human colon cancer to evaluate their efficacy as an antineoplastic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ABOX gene was used in this model, which encodes part of the HMGB1 protein and acts as an HMGB1 antagonist. It was cotransduced by electroporation with a FLAG-tag to visualize the secreted ABOX protein, levels of which in supernatants from cultured transfected MSCs were quantified by immunofluorescence imaging using an anti-FLAG antibody. Antiangiogenic effects were evaluated in vitro using a novel optical assay device for the quantitative measurement of cellular chemotaxis assessing the velocity and direction of endothelial cell movement stimulated by supernatant from tumor cells. We found that ABOX proteins released from transfected MSCs suppressed migration in this assay. Finally, MSCs were injected subcutaneously into Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice bearing human colon cancer from a cell line, which secreted large amounts of HMGB1. Ten days after MSC injection, mice were sacrificed and tumors evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS From 12 ho through 7 d after gene transfection, ABOX proteins secreted from MSCs could be detected by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative measurement of cellular chemotaxis demonstrated that ABOX proteins secreted from transfected MSCs decreased the velocity and interfered with the direction of movement of vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, in an in vivo human colon cancer xenograft model, injection of anti-HMGB1-transfected MSCs resulted in a decreased tumor volume due to the antiangiogenic properties of the secreted ABOX proteins. CONCLUSIONS MSC modified to secrete HMGB1 antagonist proteins have therapeutic antineoplastic potential. These findings may contribute to future novel targeting strategies using autologous bone marrow-derived cells as gene delivery vectors.
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Lin YS, Lin CH, Huang LD, Chao T, Kuo CD, Hung LC, Wong FH, Lin CC, Fu SL. The suppression of thoc1 in cancer cell apoptosis mediated by activated macrophages is nitric oxide-dependent. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:242-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The p53 tumor suppressor is a master regulator of antitumor defenses through its control of growth arrest, senescence and apoptosis. In recent years, p53 regulation was found to extend to a variety of biological processes including autophagy, fertility, metabolism and immune responses. Here, we focus on the role of p53 in the immune system. We explore the relationship between p53 and the innate immune response with particular emphasis on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway and implications for cancer therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous studies have shown that the immune system, especially innate immunity, has a critical role in tumor development. It appears that p53 can influence innate immune responses as part of its tumor suppressor activities and recent work suggests that the complete set of innate immune TLR genes are responsive to chromosomal stress and the transcriptional network regulated by p53. Activation of p53 by common antitumor agents results in p53 dependent regulation of expression of most TLR genes in human primary and cancer cell lines, resulting in modulation of TLR downstream responses to cognate ligands. In addition several tumor-associated p53 mutants can also affect TLR gene expression. These observations together with the discovery of other immune-related p53 target genes provide new insights into the relationship between p53 and immunity and suggest approaches that might be useful in cancer therapies. SUMMARY The tumor suppressor p53 can modulate innate immune gene responses in response to factors that can activate p53. This is expected to provide new opportunities in cancer diagnosis and in chemotherapeutic strategies that employ specific TLR agonists or antagonists that target the TLR pathway.
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Isambert N, Fumoleau P, Paul C, Ferrand C, Zanetta S, Bauer J, Ragot K, Lizard G, Jeannin JF, Bardou M. Phase I study of OM-174, a lipid A analogue, with assessment of immunological response, in patients with refractory solid tumors. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:172. [PMID: 23547558 PMCID: PMC3626800 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids A, the lipophilic partial structure of lipopolysaccharides, induce regression of several tumor types in animal models. Rather than exerting direct cytotoxic effect, these compounds trigger the immune system which in turn stimulates secretion of cytokines, and activates the inducible nitric oxide synthase, as well as immune cell infiltration of tumors. OM-174 is an analogue of lipid A with dual action on Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. In an experimental model of peritoneal carcinomatosis induced in BDIX rats by intraperitoneal injection of syngeneic PROb colon cancer cells, it induced a complete regression of tumors. The present phase I trial was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose, the recommended phase II dose and biological response associated with OM-174 administered as intravenous infusion. METHODS Patients received OM-174 twice weekly for a total of 5, 10 or 15 injections of either 600, 800 or 1000 μg/m(2). Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis and cytokine dosages were collected. NK cells activity and Toll-like receptors 4 polymorphism analysis were also performed. RESULTS Seventeen patients were included. The highest dose administered was 1000 μg/m(2) repeated in 15 injections. The most common toxicities were a chills, fever, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue and headache. No patient experienced haematological side effects. As no dose limiting toxicity was observed, despite a grade 3 respiratory complication, the maximal tolerated dose and recommended dose were not established. Three patients exhibited disease stabilization with a mean duration of 4 months. Pharmacokinetic profile of OM-174 was characterized by a low distribution volume and clearance. Analysis of TLR 4 polymorphysm showed that most (16/17) patients carried the wild type alleles. A progressive increase in NK cell number and activity was observed only in patients receiving 1000 μg/m(2) of OM-174. A peak of IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations were observed after each OM-174 injection. Peaks of TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations were detected after the first infusion and decreased progressively suggesting tolerance. CONCLUSION OM-174 therapy was well tolerated at biologically active concentrations. Whereas the recommended dose was not determined, further studies are planned in combination with chemotherapy as animal models suggest a strong synergistic antitumor effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01800812 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Isambert
- INSERM CIC-P803, CHU de Dijon, Batiment du Pr Marion, 14 rue Gaffarel, BP77908, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
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Nanoparticle mediated co-delivery of paclitaxel and a TLR-4 agonist results in tumor regression and enhanced immune response in the tumor microenvironment of a mouse model. Int J Pharm 2013; 445:171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hsiao CC, Kao YH, Huang SC, Chuang JH. Toll-like receptor-4 agonist inhibits motility and invasion of hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells in vitro. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:248-53. [PMID: 22648929 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) on tumor cells is known to mediate innate immune responses that influence tumor cell growth and migration. This study aimed to characterize TLR4 expression and elucidate its functional significance in human hepatoblastoma (HB) cells. PROCEDURE Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determine TLR4 expression level and its distribution pattern in HB liver tissues. Transcripts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-13, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 in HB HepG2 cells with lipopolysacharide (LPS) treatment were measured by quantitative PCR. Soluble cytokines and peptides in conditioned media were measured by ELISA. MMP-2 activity was determined by using gelatin zymography. Cell motility and invasiveness was determined using wound healing migration and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. RESULTS TLR4 IHC staining demonstrated that TLR4 overexpression in HB liver tissues dramatically vanished after chemotherapy. In vitro study using an HB cell line, HepG2, showed that TLR4 agonist, LPS, significantly decreased transcripts of IL-8 and TNF-α, but did not affect MMP-13 mRNA level. By contrast, LPS only down-regulated IL-8 production and MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity. The latter might be in part due to the increased levels of MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex in conditioned media, thus leading to the decreased motility and invasiveness of HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS HB cells overexpress TLR4, whereas TLR4 agonistic treatment inhibits migration and invasion of HB HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that TLR4 signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target for control of HB tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Cheng Hsiao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Constitutive TLR4 signalling in intestinal epithelium reduces tumor load by increasing apoptosis in APCMin/+ mice. Oncogene 2013; 33:369-77. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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