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Kaur C, Mishra Y, Kumar R, Singh G, Singh S, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and herbal medicine-based therapeutic implication of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1705-1720. [PMID: 38528307 PMCID: PMC11136810 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stands as an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic joint inflammation, resulting in profound physiological alterations within the body. Affecting approximately 0.4-1.3% of the global population, this condition poses significant challenges as current therapeutic approaches primarily offer symptomatic relief, with the prospect of complete recovery remaining elusive. This review delves into the contemporary advancements in understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the therapeutic potential of herbal medicine in managing RA. Notably, early diagnosis during the initial stages emerges as the pivotal determinant for successful recovery post-treatment. Utilizing tools such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), anti-citrullinated peptide antibody markers, and radiography proves crucial in pinpointing the diagnosis of RA with precision. Unveiling the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms of RA has paved the way for innovative therapeutic interventions, incorporating plant extracts and isolated phytoconstituents. In the realm of pharmacological therapy for RA, specific disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have showcased commendable efficacy. However, this conventional approach is not without its drawbacks, as it is often associated with various side effects. The integration of methodological strategies, encompassing both pharmacological and plant-based herbal therapies, presents a promising avenue for achieving substantive recovery. This integrated approach not only addresses the symptoms but also strives to tackle the underlying causes of RA, fostering a more comprehensive and sustainable path towards healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhraj Singh
- Department of Food Civil Supply and Consumer Affairs, Amritsar, 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, England, UK.
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Zahoor SM, Ishaq S, Ahmed T. Neurotoxic effects of metals on blood brain barrier impairment and possible therapeutic approaches. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:1-24. [PMID: 39029969 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to neurotoxic and heavy metals (Pb2+, As3+, Mn2+, Cd2+, etc) has increased over time and has shown to negatively affect brain health. Heavy metals can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) in various ways including receptor or carrier-mediated transport, passive diffusion, or transport via gaps in the endothelial cells of the brain. In high concentrations, these metals have been shown to cause structural and functional impairment to the BBB, by inducing oxidative stress, ion dyshomeostasis, tight junction (TJ) loss, astrocyte/pericyte damage and interference of gap junctions. The structural and functional impairment of the BBB results in increased BBB permeability, which ultimately leads to accumulation of these heavy metals in the brain and their subsequent toxicity. As a result of these effects, heavy metals are correlated with various neurological disorders. The pathological effects of these heavy metals can be effectively mitigated via chelation. In addition, it is possible to treat the associated disorders by counteracting the molecular mechanisms associated with the brain and BBB impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Mehak Zahoor
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Ishaq
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmed
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Lundin KK, Qadeer YK, Wang Z, Virani S, Leischik R, Lavie CJ, Strauss M, Krittanawong C. Contaminant Metals and Cardiovascular Health. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:450. [PMID: 37998508 PMCID: PMC10671885 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has begun to link exposure to environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, with a variety of negative health outcomes. In this paper, we sought to review the current research describing the impact of certain common contaminant metals on cardiovascular (CV) health. We reviewed ten metals: lead, barium, nickel, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, selenium, zinc, and copper. After a literature review, we briefly summarized the routes of environmental exposure, pathophysiological mechanisms, CV health impacts, and exposure prevention and/or mitigation strategies for each metal. The resulting article discloses a broad spectrum of pathological significance, from relatively benign substances with little to no described effects on CV health, such as chromium and selenium, to substances with a wide-ranging and relatively severe spectrum of CV pathologies, such as arsenic, cadmium, and lead. It is our hope that this article will provide clinicians with a practical overview of the impact of these common environmental contaminants on CV health as well as highlight areas that require further investigation to better understand how these metals impact the incidence and progression of CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kristian Lundin
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.L.); (Y.K.Q.)
| | - Yusuf Kamran Qadeer
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.L.); (Y.K.Q.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Salim Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.K.L.); (Y.K.Q.)
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roman Leischik
- Department of Cardiology, Sector Preventive Medicine, Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58095 Hagen, Germany
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Markus Strauss
- Department of Cardiology, Sector Preventive Medicine, Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, 58095 Hagen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology I- Coronary and Periphal Vascular Disease, Heart Failure Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Cardiol, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Cardiology Division, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Tavakoli Pirzaman A, Ebrahimi P, Niknezhad S, Vahidi T, Hosseinzadeh D, Akrami S, Ashrafi AM, Moeen Velayatimehr M, Hosseinzadeh R, Kazemi S. Toxic mechanisms of cadmium and exposure as a risk factor for oral and gastrointestinal carcinomas. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231210262. [PMID: 37870872 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231210262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal (GI) and oral cancers are among the highest in the world, compared to other cancers. GI cancers include esophageal, gastric, colon, rectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, with colorectal cancer being the most common. Oral cancer, which is included in the head and neck cancers category, is one of the most important causes of death in India. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic element affecting humans and the environment, which has both natural and anthropogenic sources. Generally, water, soil, air, and food supplies are reported as some sources of Cd. It accumulates in organs, particularly in the kidneys and liver. Exposure to cadmium is associated with different types of health risks such as kidney dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, reproductive dysfunction, diabetes, cerebral infarction, and neurotoxic effects (Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)). Exposure to Cd is also associated with various cancers, including lung, kidney, liver, stomach, hematopoietic system, gynecologic and breast cancer. In the present study, we have provided and summarized the association of Cd exposure with oral and GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pouyan Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Shokat Niknezhad
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Turan Vahidi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Sousan Akrami
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arash M Ashrafi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Rezvan Hosseinzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
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Zhao L, Islam R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu LZ. Epigenetic Regulation in Chromium-, Nickel- and Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235768. [PMID: 36497250 PMCID: PMC9737485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cadmium, are major health concerns worldwide. Some heavy metals are well-documented human carcinogens. Multiple mechanisms, including DNA damage, dysregulated gene expression, and aberrant cancer-related signaling, have been shown to contribute to metal-induced carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis are still not fully understood. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that in addition to genotoxicity and genetic mutations, epigenetic mechanisms play critical roles in metal-induced cancers. Epigenetics refers to the reversible modification of genomes without changing DNA sequences; epigenetic modifications generally involve DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic regulation is essential for maintaining normal gene expression patterns; the disruption of epigenetic modifications may lead to altered cellular function and even malignant transformation. Therefore, aberrant epigenetic modifications are widely involved in metal-induced cancer formation, development, and angiogenesis. Notably, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis remains largely unknown, and further studies are urgently required. In this review, we highlight the current advances in understanding the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and angiogenesis.
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Salidroside alleviates cadmium-induced toxicity in mice by restoring the notch/HES-1 and RIP1-driven inflammatory signaling axis. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:615-626. [PMID: 35583558 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salidroside (SAL) is a marker glycoside of Rhodiola rosea with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other health benefits. In this study, we determined its neuroprotective effects against Cd-induced toxicity in cultured cells and mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS GL261 cell and Cd-intoxicated mouse model were used. ICP-MS and MWM were performed to measure Cd content and Cd-induced cognitive impairment in mice, respectively. RESULTS SAL attenuated Cd toxicity in GL261 cells as well as protected mice from substantial organic damage and cognitive deficits. SAL treatment alleviated Cd-induced oxidative stress, glial cell activation, and elevation of pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Cd-induced cognitive deficits observed in the Morris water maze in mice were rescued by SAL. At the mechanistic level, SAL maintained the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px in the serum and brain, and scavenged the peroxidation product MDA, thereby restoring redox homeostasis in vivo, attenuating neuronal damage, and ultimately antagonized Cd-induced toxicity. Furthermore, Cd activated the RIP1-driven inflammatory signaling pathway and Notch/HES-1 signaling axis in the brain, leading to inflammation and neuronal loss, which could be attenuated by SAL. CONCLUSION SAL is a natural product with good anti-Cd effects, indicating that Rhodiola rosea is promising plant that is worthy of cultivation for health and economic benefits.
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Ijomone OM, Iroegbu JD, Aschner M, Bornhorst J. Impact of environmental toxicants on p38- and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways in the central nervous system. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:166-171. [PMID: 34389354 PMCID: PMC8440482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are several candidate signalling pathways that mediate the response of the central nervous system (CNS) cells to environmental toxins. However, much is still to be learned on how these pathways modulate neurotoxicity. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathways, which include the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and the p38-MAPK, are potentially key pathways to regulate CNS responses to environmental toxins. The pathways play leading roles in the transmission of extracellular signals into the cell nucleus, leading to cell differentiation, cell growth, and apoptosis, to name a few. Moreover, exposure to environmental toxins induces p38- and ERK-MAPK activation, which leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the CNS. Here, we provide a concise review of the recent evidence demonstrating the role of p38- and ERK-MAPK signaling pathways and their downstream targets in the CNS following exposure to environmental toxicants such as metals, organophosphorus and persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Joy D Iroegbu
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Michael Aschner
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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Olung NF, Aluko OM, Jeje SO, Adeagbo AS, Ijomone OM. Vascular Dysfunction in the Brain; Implications for Heavy Metal Exposures. Curr Hypertens Rev 2021; 17:5-13. [PMID: 33632106 DOI: 10.2174/1573402117666210225085528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Normal or diseased conditions that alter the brain's requirement for oxygen and nutrients via alterations to neurovascular coupling have an impact on the level of the neurovascular unit; comprising neuronal, glial and vascular components. The communications between the components of the neurovascular unit are precise and accurate for its functions; hence a minute disturbance can result in neurovascular dysfunction. Heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, and lead have been identified to increase the vulnerability of the neurovascular unit to damage. This review examines the role of heavy metals in neurovascular dysfunctions and the possible mechanisms by which these metals act. Risk factors ranging from lifestyle, environment, genetics, infections, and physiologic ageing involved in neurological dysfunctions were highlighted, while stroke was discussed as the prevalent consequence of neurovascular dysfunctions. Furthermore, the role of these heavy metals in the pathogenesis of stroke consequently pinpoints the importance of understanding the mechanisms of neurovascular damage in a bid to curb the occurrence of neurovascular dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nzube F Olung
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Oritoke M Aluko
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sikirullai O Jeje
- Department of Physiology, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ayotunde S Adeagbo
- Department of Physiology, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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9
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Shabani S. A mechanistic view on the neurotoxic effects of air pollution on central nervous system: risk for autism and neurodegenerative diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6349-6373. [PMID: 33398761 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many reports have shown a strong association between exposure to neurotoxic air pollutants like heavy metal and particulate matter (PM) as an active participant and neurological disorders. While the effects of these toxic pollutants on cardiopulmonary morbidity have principally been studied, growing evidence has shown that exposure to polluted air is associated with memory impairment, communication deficits, and anxiety/depression among all ages. So, these toxic pollutants in the environment increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease, ischemia, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The precise mechanisms in which air pollutants lead to communicative inability, social inability, and declined cognition have remained unknown. Various animal model studies show that amyloid precursor protein (APP), processing, oxidant/antioxidant balance, and inflammation pathways change following the exposure to constituents of polluted air. In the present review study, we collect the probable molecular mechanisms of deleterious CNS effects in response to various air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahreh Shabani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Roy A, Nethi SK, Suganya N, Raval M, Chatterjee S, Patra CR. Attenuation of cadmium-induced vascular toxicity by pro-angiogenic nanorods. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Alkharashi NAO, Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Alshatwi AA. Assessment of sulforaphane-induced protective mechanisms against cadmium toxicity in human mesenchymal stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10080-10089. [PMID: 29383641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cd is a hazardous substance and carcinogen that is present in the environment; it is known to cause toxic effects in living organisms. Sulforaphane is a naturally available phytochemical with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. However, the effects of sulforaphane on Cd toxicity in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are unknown. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of the effects of sulforaphane on Cd toxicity in hMSCs by using MTT assays, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, Hoechst staining, LysoRed staining, assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential, and gene expression analysis. Cd decreased hMSC viability in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 56.5 μM. However, sulforaphane did not induce any significant reduction in cell viability. Nuclear morphological analysis revealed that Cd induced necrotic cell death. Additionally, Cd caused mitochondrial membrane potential loss in hMSCs. The treatment of Cd-exposed cells with sulforaphane (Cd-sulforaphane co-treatment) resulted in a significant recovery of the cell viability and nuclear morphological changes compared with that of cells treated with Cd only. The gene expression pattern of cells co-treated with Cd-sulforaphane was markedly different from that of Cd-treated cells, owing to the reduction in Cd toxicity. Our results clearly indicated that sulforaphane reduced Cd-induced toxic effects in hMSCs. Overall, the results of our study suggested that sulforaphane-rich vegetables and fruits can help to improve human health through amelioration of the molecular effects of Cd poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Abdulkareem Omer Alkharashi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Home Economics, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jegan Athinarayanan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Wei T, Jia J, Wada Y, Kapron CM, Liu J. Dose dependent effects of cadmium on tumor angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44944-44959. [PMID: 28388546 PMCID: PMC5546532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. Cadmium (Cd) exposure is associated with elevated cancer risk and mortality. Such association is, at least in part, attributable to Cd-induced tumor angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the reported effects of Cd on tumor angiogenesis appear to be either stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on the concentrations. Ultra-low concentrations of Cd (<0.5 μM) inhibit endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation, leading to reduced endothelial nitric oxide production and attenuated tumor angiogenesis. In contrast, low-lose Cd (1-10 μM) up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated tumor angiogenesis by exerting sub-apoptotic levels of oxidative stress on both tumor cells and endothelial cells (ECs). The consequent activation of protein kinase B/Akt, nuclear factor-κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades mediate the increased secretion of VEGF by tumor cells and the up-regulated VEGF receptor-2 expression in ECs. Furthermore, Cd in high concentrations (>10 μM) induces EC apoptosis via the activation of caspase-3, resulting in destruction of tumor vasculature. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the roles of Cd in tumor angiogenesis, with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying the dose dependent effects of Cd on various EC phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wei
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Jia
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Youichiro Wada
- The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carolyn M Kapron
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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13
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Tang L, Su J, Liang P. Modeling cadmium-induced endothelial toxicity using human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14811. [PMID: 29093498 PMCID: PMC5665915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal that results in vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Prior evidence revealed that Cd induced endothelial cell (EC) death and dysfunction, supporting that ECs are a primary target of Cd-induced toxicity, and can cause severe pathologies of vascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of Cd-induced endothelial toxicity in a human model system of H9 human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (H9-ECs). We showed that H9-ECs were susceptible to CdCl2 induction, leading to detrimental changes of cell structure and significantly elevated level of apoptosis. We demonstrated that CdCl2-treated H9-ECs gave rise to a clear EC dysfunction phenotype and significantly differential transcriptomic profile. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that P38 or ERK signaling pathway is critical to cadmium-induced EC apoptosis and dysfunction, and inhibition of P38 or ERK effectively rescued CdCl2-induced endothelial toxicity in H9-ECs. Conclusively, hPSC-ECs can be a reliable model to recapitulate the EC pathological features and transcriptomic profile, which may provide a unique platform for understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Cd-induced endothelial toxicity and for identifying therapeutic drugs for Cd-induced vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Su
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310029, Hangzhou, China.
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Chrysin Attenuates VCAM-1 Expression and Monocyte Adhesion in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Brain Endothelial Cells by Preventing NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071424. [PMID: 28671640 PMCID: PMC5535915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells plays an important role in neuroinflammation. Therefore, suppression of the expression of adhesion molecules in brain endothelial cells may inhibit neuroinflammation. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid component of propolis, blue passion flowers, and fruits. In the present study, we examined the effects of chrysin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in mouse cerebral vascular endothelial (bEnd.3) cells. In bEnd.3 cells, LPS increased mRNA expression of VCAM-1 in a time-dependent manner, and chrysin significantly decreased LPS-induced mRNA expression of VCAM-1. Chrysin also reduced VCAM-1 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, chrysin blocked adhesion of monocytes to bEnd.3 cells exposed to LPS. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which are all activated by LPS, were significantly inhibited by chrysin. These results indicate that chrysin inhibits the expression of VCAM-1 in brain endothelial cells by inhibiting NF-κB translocation and MAPK signaling, resulting in the attenuation of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of chrysin suggest a possible therapeutic application of this agent to neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, septic encephalopathy, and allergic encephalomyelitis.
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15
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Immortalized endothelial cell lines for in vitro blood–brain barrier models: A systematic review. Brain Res 2016; 1642:532-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Messner B, Türkcan A, Ploner C, Laufer G, Bernhard D. Cadmium overkill: autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis signalling in endothelial cells exposed to cadmium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1699-713. [PMID: 26588916 PMCID: PMC4805700 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy-it is the mode of cell demise that defines the response of surrounding cells and organs. In case of one of the most toxic substances known to date, cadmium (Cd), and despite a large number of studies, the mode of cell death induced is still unclear. As there exists conflicting data as to which cell death mode is induced by Cd both across various cell types and within a single one, we chose to analyse Cd-induced cell death in primary human endothelial cells by investigating all possibilities that a cell faces in undergoing cell death. Our results indicate that Cd-induced death signalling starts with the causation of DNA damage and a cytosolic calcium flux. These two events lead to an apoptosis signalling-related mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and a classical DNA damage response. Simultaneously, autophagy signalling such as ER stress and phagosome formation is initiated. Importantly, we also observed lysosomal membrane permeabilization. It is the integration of all signals that results in DNA degradation and a disruption of the plasma membrane. Our data thus suggest that Cd causes the activation of multiple death signals in parallel. The genotype (for example, p53 positive or negative) as well as other factors may determine the initiation and rate of individual death signals. Differences in the signal mix and speed may explain the differing results recorded as to the Cd-induced mode of cell death thus far. In human endothelial cells it is the sum of most if not all of these signals that determine the mode of Cd-induced cell death: programmed necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Messner
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH, Level 8 G9.03, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Adrian Türkcan
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH, Level 8 G9.03, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Ploner
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Innsbruck, Department of Operative Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Laufer
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, AKH, Level 8 G9.03, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Bernhard
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Lee JY, Tokumoto M, Hattori Y, Fujiwara Y, Shimada A, Satoh M. Different Regulation of p53 Expression by Cadmium Exposure in Kidney, Liver, Intestine, Vasculature, and Brain Astrocytes. Toxicol Res 2016; 32:73-80. [PMID: 26977261 PMCID: PMC4780233 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2016.32.1.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) is known to adversely affect renal function. Our previous studies indicated that Cd induces p53-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting gene expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (Ube) 2d family in both human and rat proximal tubular cells. In this study, the effects of Cd on protein expression of p53 and apoptotic signals in the kidney and liver of mice exposed to Cd for 12 months were examined, as well as the effects of Cd on p53 protein levels and gene expression of the Ube2d family in various cell lines. Results showed that in the kidney of mice exposed to 300 ppm Cd for 12 months, there was overaccumulation of p53 proteins in addition to the induction of apoptosis, which was triggered specifically in the proximal tubules. Interestingly, the site of apoptosis was the same as that of p53 accumulation in the proximal tubules. In the liver of mice chronically exposed to Cd, gene expression of the Ube2d family tended to be slightly decreased, together with slight apoptosis without the accumulation of p53 protein. In rat small intestine epithelial (IEC-6) cells, Cd decreased not only the p53 protein level but also gene expression of Ube2d1, Ube2d2 and Ube2d4. In human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), Cd did not suppress gene expression of the Ube2d family, but increased the p53 protein level. In human brain astrocytes (HBASTs), Cd only increased gene expression of UBE2D3. These results suggest that Cd-induced apoptosis through p53 protein is associated with renal toxicity but not hepatic toxicity, and the modification of p53 protein by Cd may vary depending on cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Maki Tokumoto
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yuta Hattori
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan; Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akinori Shimada
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masahiko Satoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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Calcium Signaling Involvement in Cadmium-Induced Astrocyte Cytotoxicity and Cell Death Through Activation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1929-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Kozlovskaya L, Popilski H, Gorenbein P, Stepensky D. In vitro toxicity of infusion sets depends on their composition, storage time and storage conditions. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Türkcan A, Scharinger B, Grabmann G, Keppler BK, Laufer G, Bernhard D, Messner B. Combination of cadmium and high cholesterol levels as a risk factor for heart fibrosis. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:360-71. [PMID: 25770136 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of increased cadmium (Cd) serum levels on the cardiovascular system are proven by epidemiological and basic science studies. Cd exposure of animals and humans is known to impair myocardial function, possibly leading to heart failure. This study aims at investigating the effect of Cd treatment on the cardiac system with emphasis on the combined effect of Cd and high serum cholesterol levels as an important cardiovascular risk factor. Detailed analyses of Cd-induced effects on the heart of ApoE-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD), ApoE-/- mice fed a normal diet (ND), and C57BL/6J mice fed a ND revealed proinflammatory and fibrotic changes in the presence of cellular hypertrophy but in the absence of organ hypertrophy. Hypercholesterolemia in ApoE-/- mice alone and in combination with Cd treatment resulted in significant cardiomyocyte cell death. Based on further analyses of heart sections, we conclude that severe hypercholesterolemia in combination with ApoE-/- genotype as well as Cd treatment results in necrotic cardiomyocyte death. These data were supported by in vitro experiments showing a Cd-induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and the permeabilization of the plasma membrane arguing for the occurrence of Cd-induced necrotic cell death. In summary, we were able to show for the first time that the combination of high cholesterol and Cd levels increase the risk for heart failure through cardiac fibrosis. This observation could in part be explained by the dramatically increased deposition of Cd in the hearts of ApoE-/- mice fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Türkcan
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Scharinger
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Grabmann
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Laufer
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Bernhard
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Messner
- *Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria and Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory Innsbruck, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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21
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Mechanisms of cell death induced by infusion sets leachables in in vitro experimental settings. Int J Pharm 2015; 478:693-701. [PMID: 25510603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Leachable materials that are released from infusion sets during their use can induce local and systemic toxic effects. We studied the mechanisms and kinetics of cell death induced by infusion sets leachates in vitro using L-929 and bEnd. 3 cells. Changes in cell morphology and metabolic activity were determined using light microscopy and the MTT test, respectively. Detailed analysis of the mechanisms of cell death was performed using membrane integrity and caspases 3 and 7 activity tests, annexin V-FITC/7-AAD analysis by FACS, and DAPI nuclear staining followed by confocal microscopy. Infusion sets released toxic leachables and induced toxic effects. Latex flashball was the most toxic part of the studied infusion sets, and it potently induced cell oncosis via increased permeability of the cell membrane. Latex-induced decrease in cells metabolic activity and cell death were not accompanied by activation of caspases 3 and 7, changes in nuclear morphology, or substantial annexin V-FITC cell staining. Leachables from the tube part of the infusion sets were less toxic, and induced some biochemical changes without altering the cells morphology. Further studies are needed to reveal the in vivo toxicity of infusion sets and its correlation with the results of in vitro toxicity studies.
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22
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Wang J, Hao M, Liu C, Liu R. Cadmium induced apoptosis in mouse primary hepatocytes: the role of oxidative stress-mediated ERK pathway activation and the involvement of histone H3 phosphorylation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-delayed apoptosis induced by cadmium in primary hepatocytes through DNA damage, histone modification and ERK signaling cascade, which are all mediated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Minglu Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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23
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Cadmium induces vascular permeability via activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:447-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Evans J, Ko Y, Mata W, Saquib M, Eldridge J, Cohen-Gadol A, Leaver HA, Wang S, Rizzo MT. Arachidonic acid induces brain endothelial cell apoptosis via p38-MAPK and intracellular calcium signaling. Microvasc Res 2014; 98:145-58. [PMID: 24802256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), a bioactive fatty acid whose levels increase during neuroinflammation, contributes to cerebral vascular damage and dysfunction. However, the mode of injury and underlying signaling mechanisms remain unknown. Challenge of primary human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) with AA activated a stress response resulting in caspase-3 activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and disruption of monolayer integrity. AA also induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release consistent with activation of intrinsic apoptosis. HBEC stimulation with AA resulted in sustained p38-MAPK activation and subsequent phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activated protein-2 (MAPKAP-2) kinase and heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27). Conversely, other unsaturated and saturated fatty acids had no effect. Pharmacological and RNA interference-mediated p38α or p38β suppression abrogated AA signaling to caspase-3 and Hsp27, suggesting involvement of both p38 isoforms in AA-induced HBEC apoptosis. Hsp27 silencing also blocked caspase-3 activation. AA stimulated intracellular calcium release, which was attenuated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor antagonists. Blockade of intracellular calcium release decreased caspase-3 activation, but had no effect on AA-induced p38-MAPK activation. However, inhibition of p38-MAPK or blockade of intracellular calcium mobilization abrogated AA-induced cytochrome c release. AA-induced caspase-3 activation was abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of lipooxygenases. These findings support a previously unrecognized signaling cooperation between p38-MAPK/MAPKAP-2/Hsp27 and intracellular calcium release in AA-induced HBEC apoptosis and suggest its relevance to neurological disorders associated with vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Evans
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - YooSeung Ko
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wilmer Mata
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Muhammad Saquib
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joel Eldridge
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aaron Cohen-Gadol
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H Anne Leaver
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shukun Wang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Rizzo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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25
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Cadmium-Induced Ototoxicity in Rat Cochlear Organotypic Cultures. Neurotox Res 2014; 26:179-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Kim JH, Byun HM, Chung EC, Chung HY, Bae ON. Loss of Integrity: Impairment of the Blood-brain Barrier in Heavy Metal-associated Ischemic Stroke. Toxicol Res 2014; 29:157-64. [PMID: 24386515 PMCID: PMC3877994 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2013.29.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, preventive or therapeutic options are still limited. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathophysiological characteristics of this life-threatening disease is urgently needed. The incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke are increased by exposure to certain types of xenobiotics, including heavy metals, suggesting the possible toxicological contribution of these compounds to the onset or aggravation of stroke. Among the potential targets, we have focused on alterations to cerebral endothelial cells (CECs), which play important roles in maintaining the functional integrity of brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Han-Young Chung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong City, Korea
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea ; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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27
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28
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Kanaji N, Nelson A, Wang X, Sato T, Nakanishi M, Gunji Y, Basma H, Michalski J, Farid M, Rennard SI, Liu X. Differential roles of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases on endothelial cell tissue repair functions in response to tumor necrosis factor-α. J Vasc Res 2012; 50:145-56. [PMID: 23258237 DOI: 10.1159/000345525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α can alter tissue repair functions in a variety of cells including endothelial cells. However, the mechanism by which TNF-α mediates these functional changes has not fully been studied. We investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) on mediating the regulatory effect of TNF-α on the tissue repair functions of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs). TNF-α protected HPAECs from undergoing apoptosis induced by serum and growth factor deprivation, augmented collagen gel contraction, and stimulated wound closure. TNF-α activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and p38. Inhibitors of JNK (SP600125, 5 µM) or ERK1/2 (PD98059, 5 µM) significantly inhibited TNF-α-stimulated cell survival, contraction of collagen gels, and wound closure. In contrast, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 (5 µM) further amplified all of the TNF-α effects on HPAECs. TNF-α specifically activated p38α but not other p38 isoforms and suppression of p38α by an siRNA resulted in further amplification of the TNF-α effect. These results suggest that TNF-α stimulates tissue repair functions of HPAECs, and this may be mediated, at least in part, positively via JNK and ERK1/2, and negatively through p38α. MAPKs may play a role in endothelial cell-mediated tissue repair, especially in an inflammatory milieu where TNF-α is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kanaji
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kagawa University, Kagawa, USA
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Chmielowska-Bąk J, Deckert J. A common response to common danger? Comparison of animal and plant signaling pathways involved in cadmium sensing. J Cell Commun Signal 2012; 6:191-204. [PMID: 22865263 PMCID: PMC3497896 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-012-0173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium results in disturbances in cell homeostasis in all living organisms. The first response to stress factors, including cadmium, is activation of signal transduction pathways that mobilize cell defense mechanisms. The aim of this review is a comparison between the signaling network triggered by Cd in plants and animals. Despite differences in the structure and physiology of plant and animal cells, their cadmium signal transduction pathways share many common elements. These elements include signaling molecules such as ROS, Ca(2+) and NO, the involvement of phospholipase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and activation of transcription factors. Undoubtedly, both animals and plants also possess specific signaling pathways. In case of animals, Wnt/β-catenin, sonic hedgehog and oestorgen signaling are engaged in the transduction of cadmium signal. Plant specific signal transduction pathways include signaling mediated by plant hormones. The role of ethylene and jasmonic, salicylic and abscisic acid in plant response to cadmium is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagna Chmielowska-Bąk
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul.Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland,
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30
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Messner B, Ploner C, Laufer G, Bernhard D. Cadmium activates a programmed, lysosomal membrane permeabilization-dependent necrosis pathway. Toxicol Lett 2012; 212:268-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Fahim MA, Nemmar A, Dhanasekaran S, Singh S, Shafiullah M, Yasin J, Zia S, Hasan MY. Acute cadmium exposure causes systemic and thromboembolic events in mice. Physiol Res 2011; 61:73-80. [PMID: 22188109 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an environmental and industrial pollutant, poses a potential threat and affects many systems in human and animals. Although several reports on Cd toxicity were presented, the acute effect of Cd on systemic and thrombotic events was not reported so far. Cd (2.284 mg/kg) or saline (control) was injected intraperitoneally (ip), and the systemic parameters were assessed in mice. Compared to control group, acute intraperitoneal injection of Cd, in mice showed significant quickening of platelet aggregation (P<0.001) leading to pial cerebral thrombosis. Likewise, Cd exposure caused a significant increase in white blood cell numbers (P<0.05) indicating the occurrence of systemic inflammation. Also, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05) and creatinine (P<0.01) levels were both significantly increased. Interestingly, the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in Cd treated group compared to control group (P<0.001), suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress. We conclude that the Cd exposure in mice causes acute thromboembolic events, oxidative stress and alter liver and kidney functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Fahim
- United Arab Emirates University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Al Ain, UAE.
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32
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The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases modulate endothelial cell survival and tissue repair. Inflamm Res 2011; 61:233-44. [PMID: 22138711 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-011-0405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This study is designed to investigate the role of p38 MAPK in modulating human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) survival and tissue repair functions. METHODS HPAECs (passage 8-12) were used for all experiments. Cells were treated with IL-1β (0.5 or 2 ng/ml) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580 or SB220025, 5 μM each). Cells were also transfected with 50 nM siRNAs. Cell length was measured using ImageJ software. Collagen gel contraction and wound close assay were performed to evaluate tissue repair functions. RESULTS IL-1β activated p38 MAPK and induced morphologic change of HPAECs. The p38 inhibitors further augmented IL-1β-induced cell morphologic change, prevented cell death, and augmented collagen gel contraction. Suppression of p38α, γ, or δ, but not p38β resulted in cell morphologic alteration, and suppressing any one of p38 isoforms by siRNAs increased cell survival. Suppression of p38α or δ augmented gel contraction. While p38α suppression stimulated cell migration, suppressing the rest of three isoforms inhibit cell migration. Nuclear factor p65-siRNA blocked IL-1β-induced cell morphologic change, but did not affect p38 inhibitor-induced change. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that p38 MAPK may negatively modulate tissue repair functions of endothelial cells via p65 independent pathway.
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Liu H, Xiao Y, Xiong C, Wei A, Ruan J. Apoptosis induced by a new flavonoid in human hepatoma HepG2 cells involves reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and MAPK activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 654:209-16. [PMID: 21241688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Earlier reports suggest that protoapigenone showed remarkable anticancer activities. In the present study, the cytotoxic effect of a new flavonoid, 2-(cis-1, 2-dihydroxy 4-oxo-cyclohex-5-enyl)-5, 7-dihydroxy-chromone (DEDC), which is a protoapigenone analog, was investigated in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. We found that hepatoma cells were highly susceptible to DEDC in contrast with normal cells. The sustainable and rapid generation of reactive oxygen species was observed in DEDC-induced cell death. Following oxidative stress, DEDC sequentially decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reduced Bcl-2 expression, increased cytochrome c release, and activated caspase-3, -8, and -9. Phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) was stimulated by treatment with DEDC. To further investigate the mechanisms of the DEDC-induced cell death, we examined the effects of reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and selective inhibitors for MAPK pathways on the cell death. The DEDC-induced cell death was significantly inhibited by both NAC and JNK inhibitor SP600125, but promoted by p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. Together, DEDC may have antitumor effects in HepG2 cells through reactive oxygen species production as well as activation of MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resources Evaluation of Hubei Province, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, 13# Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, PR China
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Rizzo MT, Leaver HA. Brain Endothelial Cell Death: Modes, Signaling Pathways, and Relevance to Neural Development, Homeostasis, and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2010; 42:52-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-010-8132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hsu YC, Meng X, Ou L, Ip MM. Activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase-p38 MAP kinase pathway mediates apoptosis induced by conjugated linoleic acid in p53-mutant mouse mammary tumor cells. Cell Signal 2010; 22:590-9. [PMID: 19932174 PMCID: PMC2838459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inhibits tumorigenesis and tumor growth in most model systems, an effect mediated in part by its pro-apoptotic activity. We previously showed that trans-10,cis-12 CLA induced apoptosis of p53-mutant TM4t mouse mammary tumor cells through both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. In the current study, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key player in fatty acid metabolism, in CLA-induced apoptosis in TM4t cells. We found that t10,c12-CLA increased phosphorylation of AMPK, and that CLA-induced apoptosis was enhanced by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. The increased AMPK activity was not due to nutrient/energy depletion since ATP levels did not change in CLA-treated cells, and knockdown of the upstream kinase LKB1 did not affect its activity. Furthermore, our data do not demonstrate a role for the AMPK-modulated mTOR pathway in CLA-induced apoptosis. Although CLA decreased mTOR levels, activity was only modestly decreased. Moreover, rapamycin, which completely blocked the activity of mTORC1 and mTORC2, did not induce apoptosis, and attenuated rather than enhanced CLA-induced apoptosis. Instead, the data suggest that CLA-induced apoptosis is mediated by the AMPK-p38 MAPK-Bim pathway: CLA-induced phosphorylation of AMPK and p38 MAPK, and increased expression of Bim, occurred with a similar time course as apoptosis; phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was blocked by compound C; the increased Bim expression was blocked by p38 MAPK siRNA; CLA-induced apoptosis was attenuated by the p38 inhibitor SB-203580 and by siRNAs directed against p38 MAPK or Bim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chung Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Messner B, Bernhard D. Cadmium and cardiovascular diseases: cell biology, pathophysiology, and epidemiological relevance. Biometals 2010; 23:811-22. [PMID: 20213268 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Today cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the killer number one world wide. In 2004 an estimated 17.1 million people died due to CVDs and this number will further increase to an estimated 23.6 million by 2030. Importantly, currently known risk factors, like hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, can only be made responsible for about 50-75% of all CVDs, highlighting the urgent need to search for and define new CVD risk factors. Cadmium (Cd) was shown to have the potential to serve as one such novel risk factor, as it was demonstrated-in vitro, in animal studies, and in human studies-that Cd causes atherosclerosis (the basis of most CVDs). Herein, we discuss the molecular and cellular biological effects of Cd in the cardiovascular system; we present concepts on the pathophysiology of Cd-caused atherosclerosis, and provide data that indicate an epidemiological relevance of Cd as a risk factor for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Messner
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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Martin P, Pognonec P. ERK and cell death: cadmium toxicity, sustained ERK activation and cell death. FEBS J 2009; 277:39-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kalariya NM, Wills NK, Ramana KV, Srivastava SK, van Kuijk FJ. Cadmium-induced apoptotic death of human retinal pigment epithelial cells is mediated by MAPK pathway. Exp Eye Res 2009; 89:494-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hao C, Hao W, Wei X, Xing L, Jiang J, Shang L. The role of MAPK in the biphasic dose-response phenomenon induced by cadmium and mercury in HEK293 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:660-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Franco R, Sánchez-Olea R, Reyes-Reyes EM, Panayiotidis MI. Environmental toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis: ménage à trois. Mutat Res 2008; 674:3-22. [PMID: 19114126 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an evolutionary conserved homeostatic process involved in distinct physiological processes including organ and tissue morphogenesis, development and senescence. Its deregulation is also known to participate in the etiology of several human diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. Environmental stressors (cytotoxic agents, pollutants or toxicants) are well known to induce apoptotic cell death and to contribute to a variety of pathological conditions. Oxidative stress seems to be the central element in the regulation of the apoptotic pathways triggered by environmental stressors. In this work, we review the established mechanisms by which oxidative stress and environmental stressors regulate the apoptotic machinery with the aim to underscore the relevance of apoptosis as a component in environmental toxicity and human disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, 111. T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
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Dong Z, Wang L, Xu J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Miao J. Promotion of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis by low concentrations of cadmium in vascular endothelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 23:105-10. [PMID: 19061949 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports, highlighting the relationships of cadmium exposure and vascular diseases, indicated that vascular endothelial cell was the target of cadmium (Cd) toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the internalization of Cd2+ into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by a novel Cd2+-selective sensor suitable for living cells. Then, we detected apoptosis in the treated cells. Our results showed that Cd2+ at low concentrations (< 10 micromol/l) inhibited apoptosis induced by deprivation of serum and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). To investigate the corresponding molecular mechanisms, we employed acridine orange staining and Western blotting of MAP1 LC3 to detect autophagy, and analyzed the levels of integrin beta4, caveolin-1 and activity of PC-PLC. Our results showed that low concentrations of Cd2+ promoted autophagy and depressed the levels of integrin beta4, caveolin-1 and PC-PLC activity. The data suggested that autophagy played a key role in Cd2+ induced endothelial dysfunction; integrin beta4, caveolin-1 and PC-PLC might be the targets of Cd2+ in vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Dong
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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Neurotoxicity of cadmium on immature hippocampus and a neuroprotective role for p38MAPK. Neurotoxicology 2008; 29:727-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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