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Mahmoud DSE, Kamel MA, El-Sayed IET, Binsuwaidan R, Elmongy EI, Razzaq MK, Abd Eldaim MA, Ahmed ESAM, Shaker SA. Astaxanthin ameliorated isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction via improving the mitochondrial function and antioxidant activity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23804. [PMID: 39132813 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the cardioprotective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) against isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats via the pathway of mitochondrial biogenesis as the possible molecular target of astaxanthin. The control group was injected with normal physiological saline subcutaneously for 2 days. The second group was injected with ISO at a dose of 85 mg/kg bwt subcutaneously for 2 days. The third, fourth and fifth groups were supplemented with ASX at doses of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg bwt, respectively daily by oral gavage for 21 days then injected with ISO dose of 85 mg/kg bwt subcutaneously for 2 successive days. Isoproterenol administration in rats elevated the activities of Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and other serum cardiac biomarkers Troponin-I activities, oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde(MDA), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB), while it decreased Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α), Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nfe212), mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (mt TFA), mitochondrial DNA copy number and glutathione system parameters. However, Astaxanthin decreased the activities of serum AST, LDH, CK-MB, and Troponin I that elevated by ISO. In addition, it increased glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, total glutathione and reduced GSH content, and GSH/GSSG ratio, mtDNA copy number, PGC-1α expression and Tfam expression that improved mitochondrial biogenesis while it decreased GSSG and MDA contents and NF-KB level in the cardiac tissues. This study indicated that astaxanthin relieved isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction via scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage and apoptosis in cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Reem Binsuwaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshaymaa I Elmongy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohand Kareem Razzaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sumer, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Sara A Shaker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Zhou L, Fang L, Tamm M, Stolz D, Roth M. Extracellular Heat Shock Protein 70 Increases the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 1 via Toll-like Receptor 4 and Attenuates Inflammation in Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11700. [PMID: 37511459 PMCID: PMC10380817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) regulates the ligand binding of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In asthma patients, heat treatment increased both the GR expression and secretion of extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) by bronchial epithelial cells (EC). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of eHSP70 on GR expression and the GR-dependent regulation of immune response in human bronchial ECs. Cells were treated with either eHSP70 or transfected with an expression vector for intracellular HSP70 (iHSP70). Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein levels were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Interleukin (IL-6 and IL-8) secretion was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overexpression of iHSP70 decreased, while eHSP70 increased GR expression. In addition, eHSP70 increased the expression of the GR target dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP-1). In doing so, eHSP70 reduced the tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-1/2 and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. Blocking the GR or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) counteracted all eHSP70-induced effects. This study demonstrates a novel anti-inflammatory effect of eHSP70 by the signaling cascade of TLR4-GR-DUSP1, which inhibits TGF-β1-activated pro-inflammatory ERK1/2-CREB signaling and cytokine secretion. The findings suggest that eHSP70 might present a novel non-steroidal therapeutic strategy to control airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University & University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University & University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Tamm
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University & University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic of Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pneumology and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University & University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Zivkovic AR, Paul GM, Hofer S, Schmidt K, Brenner T, Weigand MA, Decker SO. Increased Enzymatic Activity of Acetylcholinesterase Indicates the Severity of the Sterile Inflammation and Predicts Patient Outcome following Traumatic Injury. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020267. [PMID: 36830636 PMCID: PMC9952955 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury induces sterile inflammation, an immune response often associated with severe organ dysfunction. The cholinergic system acts as an anti-inflammatory in injured patients. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, plays an essential role in controlling cholinergic activity. We hypothesized that a change in the AChE activity might indicate the severity of the traumatic injury. This study included 82 injured patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 4 or above and 40 individuals without injuries. Bedside-measured AChE was obtained on hospital arrival, followed by a second measurement 4-12 h later. C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBCC), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were simultaneously collected. Injured patients showed an early and sustained increase in AChE activity. CRP remained unaffected at hospital admission and increased subsequently. Initially elevated WBCC recovered 4-12 h later. AChE activity directly correlated with the ISS and SOFA scores and predicted the length of ICU stay when measured at hospital admission. An early and sustained increase in AChE activity correlated with the injury severity and could predict the length of ICU stay in injured patients, rendering this assay a complementary diagnostic and prognostic tool at the hand of the attending clinician in the emergency unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar R. Zivkovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.R.Z.); (S.O.D.); Tel.: +49-(0)-62-21-56-36-843 (A.R.Z.); +49-(0)-62-21-56-36-380 (S.O.D.); Fax: +49-(0)-62-21-56-53-45 (A.R.Z. & S.O.D.)
| | - Georgina M. Paul
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hofer
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine I and Pain Therapy, Westpfalz Hospital, 67661 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Karsten Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Markus A. Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian O. Decker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.R.Z.); (S.O.D.); Tel.: +49-(0)-62-21-56-36-843 (A.R.Z.); +49-(0)-62-21-56-36-380 (S.O.D.); Fax: +49-(0)-62-21-56-53-45 (A.R.Z. & S.O.D.)
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4
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The Role of the Acetylcholine System in Common Respiratory Diseases and COVID-19. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031139. [PMID: 36770805 PMCID: PMC9920988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As an indispensable component in human beings, the acetylcholine system regulates multiple physiological processes not only in neuronal tissues but also in nonneuronal tissues. However, since the concept of the "Nonneuronal cholinergic system (NNCS)" has been proposed, the role of the acetylcholine system in nonneuronal tissues has received increasing attention. A growing body of research shows that the acetylcholine system also participates in modulating inflammatory responses, regulating contraction and mucus secretion of respiratory tracts, and influencing the metastasis and invasion of lung cancer. In addition, the susceptibility and severity of respiratory tract infections caused by pathogens such as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also correlate with the regulation of the acetylcholine system. In this review, we summarized the major roles of the acetylcholine system in respiratory diseases. Despite existing achievements in the field of the acetylcholine system, we hope that more in-depth investigations on this topic will be conducted to unearth more possible pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of diverse respiratory diseases.
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5
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Pérez MM, Pimentel VE, Fuzo CA, da Silva-Neto PV, Toro DM, Fraga-Silva TFC, Gardinassi LG, Oliveira CNS, Souza COS, Torre-Neto NT, de Carvalho JCS, De Leo TC, Nardini V, Feitosa MR, Parra RS, da Rocha JJR, Feres O, Vilar FC, Gaspar GG, Constant LF, Ostini FM, Degiovani AM, Amorim AP, Viana AL, Fernandes APM, Maruyama SR, Russo EMS, Santos IKFM, Bonato VLD, Cardoso CRB, Sorgi CA, Dias-Baruffi M, Faccioli LH. Acetylcholine, Fatty Acids, and Lipid Mediators Are Linked to COVID-19 Severity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:250-261. [PMID: 35768148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid and cholinergic mediators are inflammatory regulators, but their role in the immunopathology of COVID-19 is still unclear. Here, we used human blood and tracheal aspirate (TA) to investigate whether acetylcholine (Ach), fatty acids (FAs), and their derived lipid mediators (LMs) are associated with COVID-19 severity. First, we analyzed the perturbation profile induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the transcriptional profile of genes related to the ACh and FA/LM pathways. Blood and TA were used for metabolomic and lipidomic analyses and for quantification of leukocytes, cytokines, and ACh. Differential expression and coexpression gene network data revealed a unique transcriptional profile associated with ACh and FA/LM production, release, and cellular signaling. Transcriptomic data were corroborated by laboratory findings: SARS-CoV-2 infection increased plasma and TA levels of arachidonic acid, 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, 11-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,12E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, and ACh. TA samples also exhibited high levels of PGE2, thromboxane B2, 12-oxo-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid, and 6-trans-leukotriene B4 Bioinformatics and experimental approaches demonstrated robust correlation between transcriptional profile in Ach and FA/LM pathways and parameters of severe COVID-19. As expected, the increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil counts, and cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-8) correlated with worse clinical scores. Glucocorticoids protected severe and critical patients and correlated with reduced Ach levels in plasma and TA samples. We demonstrated that pulmonary and systemic hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19 are associated with high levels of Ach and FA/LM. Glucocorticoids favored the survival of patients with severe/critical disease, and this effect was associated with a reduction in ACh levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena M Pérez
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius E Pimentel
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Fuzo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro V da Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Diana M Toro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Thais F C Fraga-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G Gardinassi
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Camilla N S Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila O S Souza
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicola T Torre-Neto
- Departamento de Química. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatan C S de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais C De Leo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani Nardini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marley R Feitosa
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogerio S Parra
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José J R da Rocha
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Feres
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Anatomia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Vilar
- Hospital São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto G Gaspar
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia F Constant
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fátima M Ostini
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto M Degiovani
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro P Amorim
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelina L Viana
- Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P M Fernandes
- Departamento de Enfermagem Geral e Especializada, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Maruyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa M S Russo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel K F M Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vânia L D Bonato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina R B Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sorgi
- Departamento de Química. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil;
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6
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Katsumata M, Fujisawa T, Kamiya Y, Tanaka Y, Kamiya C, Inoue Y, Hozumi H, Karayama M, Suzuki Y, Furuhashi K, Enomoto N, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Maekawa M, Setou M, Watanabe H, Ikegami K, Suda T. Effects of long-acting muscarinic antagonists on promoting ciliary function in airway epithelium. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:186. [PMID: 35527239 PMCID: PMC9080152 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is an essential defense mechanism in airway epithelia for removing pathogens from the respiratory tract. Impaired ciliary functions and MCC have been demonstrated in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are a major class of inhaled bronchodilators, which are used for treating asthma and COPD; however, the effects of LAMAs on ciliary function remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the effects of LAMAs on airway ciliary functions.
Methods
Wild-type BALB/c mice were treated with daily intranasal administrations of glycopyrronium for 7 days, and tracheal samples were collected. Cilia-driven flow and ciliary activity, including ciliary beat frequency (CBF), ciliary beating amplitude, effective stroke velocity, recovery stroke velocity and the ratio of effective stroke velocity to recovery stroke velocity, were analyzed by imaging techniques. Using in vitro murine models, tracheal tissues were transiently cultured in media with/without LAMAs, glycopyrronium or tiotropium, for 60 min. Cilia-driven flow and ciliary activity were then analyzed. Well-differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were treated with glycopyrronium, tiotropium, or vehicle for 60 min, and CBF was evaluated. Several mechanistic analyses were performed.
Results
Intranasal glycopyrronium administration for 7 days significantly increased cilia-driven flow and ciliary activity in murine airway epithelium. In the murine tracheal organ culture models, treatment with glycopyrronium or tiotropium for 60 min significantly increased cilia-driven flow and ciliary activity in airway epithelium. Further, we confirmed that 60-min treatment with glycopyrronium or tiotropium directly increased CBF in well-differentiated NHBE cells. In the mechanistic analyses, neither treatment with glycopyrronium nor tiotropium affected intracellular calcium ion concentrations in well-differentiated NHBE cells. Glycopyrronium did not increase protein kinase A activity in well-differentiated NHBE cells. Moreover, glycopyrronium had no effect on extracellular adenosine triphosphate concentration.
Conclusions
LAMAs exert a direct effect on airway epithelium to enhance ciliary function, which may improve impaired MCC in asthma and COPD. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of LAMAs on the promotion of airway ciliary function.
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7
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Kim KA, Jung JH, Choi YS, Kim ST. Wogonin inhibits tight junction disruption via suppression of inflammatory response and phosphorylation of AKT/NF-κB and ERK1/2 in rhinovirus-infected human nasal epithelial cells. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:357-368. [PMID: 35107605 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maintenance of tight junction integrity contributes significantly to epithelial barrier function. If barrier function is destroyed, cell permeability increases and the movement of pathogens is promoted, further increasing the susceptibility to secondary infection. Here, we examined the protective effects of wogonin on rhinovirus (RV)-induced tight junction disruption. Additionally, we examined the signaling molecules responsible for anti-inflammatory activities in human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary HNE cells grown at an air-liquid interface and RPMI 2650 cells were infected apically with RV. Incubation with RV resulted in disruption of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, E-cadherin, claudin-1, and occludin) in the HNE cells. Cell viability of wogonin-treated HNE cells was measured using the MTT assay. Pretreatment with wogonin decreased RV-induced disruption of tight junctions in HNE cells. Furthermore, wogonin significantly decreased RV-induced phosphorylation of Akt/NF-κB and ERK1/2. Additionally, RV-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and RV-induced up-regulation of the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-6 were diminished by wogonin in HNE cells. CONCLUSION Wogonin inhibits HRV-induced tight junction disruption via the suppression of inflammatory responses and phosphorylation of Akt/NF-κB and ERK1/2 in HNE cells. These finds will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Ah Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sook Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Tae Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Retinoic acid attenuates nuclear factor kappaB mediated induction of NLRP3 inflammasome. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:189-203. [PMID: 34415562 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter and a part of the cholinergic system, can modify immune responses. Expression of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in immune cells, including macrophages, leads to modulation of their function. Inflammasomes are part of the innate immune system and have been linked to a variety of inflammatory diseases. The NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1/IL-1 axis has emerged as a critical signaling pathway in inflammation process initiation. The role of ACh in modulating inflammasomes in macrophages remains relatively under-explored. METHODS The effect of AChR agonist carbachol on inflammasome expression was investigated using murine and human macrophages. Cell lysates were assessed by western blot for protein analysis. Immunofluorescence studies were used to study the translocation of p65. The experiments were conducted in the presence of NF-ĸB inhibitor, AChR antagonists, and retinoic acid (RA) to study the role of NF-ĸB, ACh receptors, and RA, respectively. RESULTS We found that carbachol increased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18). The treated cells also showed an increase in NF-ĸB activation. The effect of carbachol was diminished by NF-ĸB inhibitor and atropine, a mAChR antagonist. The addition of RA also significantly reduced the effect of carbachol on NLRP3 inflammasomes. CONCLUSIONS Our current study suggests that carbachol induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation through mAChR and NF-ĸB, and that RA abolishes the inflammatory response. It reveals the potentials of co-administration of RA with cholinergic drugs to prevent inflammatory responses during cholinergic medications.
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Yang T, Huang X, Xu J, Situ M, Xiao Q, Kural KC, Kang Y. Explore the Underlying Mechanism Between Atopic Dermatitis and Major Depressive Disorder. Front Genet 2021; 12:640951. [PMID: 34122503 PMCID: PMC8194260 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.640951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) present relatively higher rates of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we first conducted a systematic literature-based data mining to identify entities linking AD and MDD, including proteins, cells, functional classes, and small molecules. Then we conducted an AD-RNA expression data-based mega-analysis to test the expression variance of the genes that were regulators of MDD. After that, a Fisher Exact test-based pathway enrichment analysis (PEA) was performed to explore the AD-driven MDD-genetic regulators’ functionality. We identified 22 AD-driven entities that were up-stream MDD regulators, including 11 genes, seven small molecules, three functional classes, and one cell. AD could exert a promoting effect on the development of MDD. Four of the 11 genes demonstrated significant expression changes in AD patients in favor of the development of MDD. PEA results showed that AD mainly drives cytokine/chemokine regulation and neuroinflammatory response-related pathways to influence the pathological development of MDD. Our results supported the promotion role of AD in the pathological development of MDD, including the regulation of multiple genetic regulators of MDD involved in cytokine/chemokine regulation and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuehua Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjing Situ
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqing Xiao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kamil Can Kural
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Yan Kang
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Halder N, Lal G. Cholinergic System and Its Therapeutic Importance in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660342. [PMID: 33936095 PMCID: PMC8082108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and immunological signals constitute an extensive regulatory network in our body that maintains physiology and homeostasis. The cholinergic system plays a significant role in neuroimmune communication, transmitting information regarding the peripheral immune status to the central nervous system (CNS) and vice versa. The cholinergic system includes the neurotransmitter\ molecule, acetylcholine (ACh), cholinergic receptors (AChRs), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. These molecules are involved in regulating immune response and playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Most innate and adaptive immune cells respond to neuronal inputs by releasing or expressing these molecules on their surfaces. Dysregulation of this neuroimmune communication may lead to several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Several agonists, antagonists, and inhibitors have been developed to target the cholinergic system to control inflammation in different tissues. This review discusses how various molecules of the neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS) interact with the immune cells. What are the agonists and antagonists that alter the cholinergic system, and how are these molecules modulate inflammation and immunity. Understanding the various functions of pharmacological molecules could help in designing better strategies to control inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Halder
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
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Escherichia Coli -induced Inflammation Changes the Expression of Acetylcholine Receptors (M2R, M3R, and α-7 nAChR) in the Pig Uterus. J Vet Res 2020; 64:531-541. [PMID: 33367142 PMCID: PMC7734692 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The influence of inflammation on the patterns of muscarinic 2 and 3 receptor subtypes (M2R and M3R), and α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7 nAChR) expression in the porcine uterus was investigated. Material and Methods On day three of the oestrous cycle of gilts aged 7-8 months with body weight 90-120 kg, either an E. coli suspension (E. coli group, n = 5) or saline (Sal group, n = 5) was administered into the uterine horns via laparotomy or only laparotomy was performed on control swine (Ctrl group, n = 5). After eight days, and the onset of severe acute endometritis in the E. coli group, the uterine mRNA and protein receptor expression levels were determined using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, with receptor localisation by immunofluorescence. Results The studied receptors were in the luminal epithelium, glands, blood vessels, and myometrial muscle cells of all gilts. The M2R mRNA level was lower in the inflamed endometrium compared to the Ctrl and Sal groups. Also in this tissue, the expression of M3R mRNA and protein was lower than in the Ctrl and Sal groups. The M3R protein level in the bacterially challenged myometrium was found to be increased compared to unadministered groups. In the endometrium of the E. coli group, the α-7 nAChR protein level was lower than in the Sal group, and in the myometrium it was reduced in relation to both the other groups. P values were ≤ 0.05 in all cases. Conclusion Inflammation causes alterations in the M2R, M3R, and α-7 nAChR expression in the pig uterus, suggesting their significance in the course and repercussions of uterine inflammation.
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Beta-adrenergic and M-cholinergic receptor interactions characteristics in the pathogenesis of bronchial obstructive pulmonary diseases. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract35134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between beta-2-adrenoceptor and M- cholinoreceptors in the airway plays one of the main role in the pathogenesis of bronchoobstructive diseases. The interaction of M3-cholinergic receptors and beta2-receptors in the lungs can be characterized as functional antagonism. M3 activation can lead to desensitization of beta2 receptors. Beta2 receptors also limit the action of M3 receptors in various ways. In this case, M2 cholinergic receptors act as autoreceptors. On the one hand, they limit bronchoconstriction caused by a change in the conformation of the M3 cholinergic receptor, and on the other hand, they are able to suppress the excessive bronchorelaxating effect that occurs when beta2 receptor is activated. Knowledge of the crosstalk mechanisms can help to understanad the pathogenesis of bronchial obstructive diseases, optimize existing treatment regimens for chronic obstructive disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma (BA)
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Du X, Tang Y, Han Y, Ri S, Kim T, Ju K, Shi W, Sun S, Zhou W, Liu G. Acetylcholine suppresses phagocytosis via binding to muscarinic- and nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors and subsequently interfering Ca 2+- and NFκB-signaling pathways in blood clam. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:152-160. [PMID: 32320762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Though immunomodulation via cholinergic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), an important part of neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) regulatory network, has been well established in vertebrate species, the mechanisms remain poorly understood in invertebrates. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effect of ACh on haemocyte phagocytosis was investigated in an invertebrate bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa. Data obtained showed that in vitro ACh incubation suppressed phagocytic activity of haemocytes along with a significant elevation in intracellular Ca2+. In addition, the expressions of genes from Ca2+ signaling pathway were significantly induced whereas those from NF-κB signaling pathway were significantly down-regulated by ACh incubation. Furthermore, these adverse impacts of ACh were significantly relieved by the blocking of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) using corresponding antagonists. Our study suggests that ACh suppresses phagocytosis via binding to both mAChRs and nAChRs, which disrupts intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and subsequently interferes with downstream Ca2+ and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Sanghyok Ri
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, PR Korea
| | - Tongchol Kim
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Life Science, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, 99903, PR Korea
| | - Kwangjin Ju
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; College of Aquaculture, Wonsan Fisheries University, Wonsan, 999093, PR Korea
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuge Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Weishang Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Yamaya M, Nishimura H, Deng X, Sugawara M, Watanabe O, Nomura K, Shimotai Y, Momma H, Ichinose M, Kawase T. Inhibitory effects of glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide on coronavirus HCoV-229E replication and cytokine production by primary cultures of human nasal and tracheal epithelial cells. Respir Investig 2020; 58:155-168. [PMID: 32094077 PMCID: PMC7102607 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), one of the causes of the common cold, exacerbates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists and β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids inhibit the exacerbation of COPD and bronchial asthma caused by infection with viruses, including HCoV-229E. However, the effects of these drugs on HCoV-229E replication and infection-induced inflammation in the human airway are unknown. METHODS Primary human nasal (HNE) and tracheal (HTE) epithelial cell cultures were infected with HCoV-229E. RESULTS Pretreatment of HNE and HTE cells with glycopyrronium or formoterol decreased viral RNA levels and/or titers, the expression of the HCoV-229E receptor CD13, the number and fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes where HCoV-229E RNA enters the cytoplasm, and the infection-induced production of cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-β. Treatment of the cells with the CD13 inhibitor 2'2'-dipyridyl decreased viral titers. Pretreatment of the cells with a combination of three drugs (glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide) exerted additive inhibitory effects on viral titers and cytokine production. Pretreatment of HNE cells with glycopyrronium or formoterol reduced the susceptibility to infection, and pretreatment with the three drugs inhibited activation of nuclear factor-kappa B p50 and p65 proteins. Pretreatment with formoterol increased cAMP levels and treatment with cAMP decreased viral titers, CD13 expression, and the fluorescence intensity of acidic endosomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glycopyrronium, formoterol, and a combination of glycopyrronium, formoterol, and budesonide inhibit HCoV-229E replication partly by inhibiting receptor expression and/or endosomal function and that these drugs modulate infection-induced inflammation in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Xue Deng
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mitsuru Sugawara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Oshi Watanabe
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Nomura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Shimotai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Haruki Momma
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Tetsuaki Kawase
- Laboratory of Rehabilitative Auditory Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan.
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Iqubal A, Sharma S, Ansari MA, Najmi AK, Syed MA, Ali J, Alam MM, Ahmad S, Haque SE. Nerolidol attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiac inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in Swiss Albino mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172666. [PMID: 31541628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Incidence and prevalence of cancer is an alarming situation globally. For the treatment of cancer many anticancer drugs have been developed but, unfortunately, their potential cardiotoxic side effects raised serious concerns about their use among clinicians. Cyclophosphamide is a potent anticancer and immunosuppressant drug but its use is limited due to cardiotoxic side effect. Thus, there is a need for the development of certain drug which can reduce cardiotoxicity and can be used as an adjuvant therapy in cancer patients. In this direction we, therefore planned to evaluate nerolidol (NER) for its cardioprotective potential against cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in Swiss Albino mice. Animals were divided into 6 groups. Vehicle control; Cyclophosphamide (CP 200); NER 400 per se; NER 200 + CP 200; NER 400 + CP 200; and fenofibrate (FF 80) + CP 200. Dosing was done for 14 days along with a single dose of CP 200 on the 7th day. On 15th day animals were sacrificed and various biochemical parameters pertaining to oxidative stress, nitrative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis were estimated in the blood and heart tissues. Histopathological analysis (H & E and Masson's trichrome staining); ultrastructural analysis (transmission electron microscopy) and immunohistochemical analysis were also performed along with mRNA expression and molecular docking to establish the cardioprotective potential of nerolidol. Nerolidol acted as a potent cardioprotective molecule and attenuated CP-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Asif Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - M Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Shaniya Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Tiotropium inhibits proinflammatory microparticle generation by human bronchial and endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11631. [PMID: 31406171 PMCID: PMC6691117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tiotropium is a muscarinic antagonist that reduces the risk of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, possibly through an as yet incompletely characterized anti-inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that muscarinic activation of bronchial epithelial cells and endothelial cells causes the release of proinflammatory microparticles and that tiotropium inhibits the phenomenon. Microparticle generation was assessed by a functional assay, by flow cytometry and by NanoSight technology. Immortalized bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with acetylcholine in the presence of varying concentrations of tiotropium. Intracellular calcium concentration, extracellular regulated kinase phosphorylation and chemokine content in the conditioned media were assessed by commercial kits. Acetylcholine causes microparticle generation that is completely inhibited by tiotropium (50 pM). Microparticles generated by acetylcholine-stimulated cells increase the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators in an autocrine fashion. Acetylcholine-induced upregulation of microparticle generation is inhibited by an inhibitor of extracellular regulated kinase phosphorylation and by a phospholipase C inhibitor. Tiotropium blocks both extracellular regulated kinase phosphorylation and calcium mobilization, consistent with the hypothesis that the drug prevents microparticle generation through inhibition of these critical pathways. These results might contribute to explain the effect of tiotropium in reducing acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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17
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Jia YM, Zhou H, Tai T, Gu TT, Ji JZ, Mi QY, Huang BB, Li YF, Zhu T, Xie HG. Enhanced responsiveness of platelets to vicagrel in IL-10-deficient mice through STAT3-dependent up-regulation of the hydrolase arylacetamide deacetylase in the intestine. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1717-1727. [PMID: 30825385 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vicagrel is a novel promising antiplatelet drug designed for overcoming clopidogrel resistance. There is limited evidence indicating that exogenous IL-10 suppresses CYP3A4 activity in healthy subjects and that IL-10 knockout (KO) mice exhibit increased clopidogrel bioactivation compared with wild-type (WT) mice. In this study, we sought to determine whether IL-10 could play an important role in the metabolism of and platelet response to vicagrel in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH IL-10 KO and WT mice were administered vicagrel, then their plasma H4 (active metabolite of vicagrel) concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS, and inhibition of ADP-induced whole-blood platelet aggregation by vicagrel was assessed with an aggregometer. The mRNA and protein levels of several relevant genes between IL-10 KO and WT mice were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blots, respectively. Intestinal Aadac protein levels were measured in IL-10 WT mice injected i.p. with vehicle control, Stattic, or BAY 11-7082. KEY RESULTS Compared with WT mice, IL-10 KO mice exhibited significantly increased plasma levels of H4 and enhanced platelet responses to vicagrel, as well as significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of arylacetamide deacetylase (Aadac) in the intestine. In WT mice, STAT3, not NF-κB, mediated Aadac expression in the intestine. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IL-10 suppresses metabolic activation of vicagrel through down-regulation of Aadac in mouse intestine in a STAT3-dependent manner and, consequently, attenuates platelet responses to vicagrel, suggesting that the antiplatelet effect of vicagrel may be modulated by changes in plasma IL-10 levels in relevant clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Meng Jia
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Tai
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong-Tong Gu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Zi Ji
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong-Yu Mi
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei-Bei Huang
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Fei Li
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xie
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University School of Pharmacy, Nanjing, China
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Acetylcholine-treated murine dendritic cells promote inflammatory lung injury. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212911. [PMID: 30822345 PMCID: PMC6396899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years a non-neuronal cholinergic system has been described in immune cells, which is often usually activated during the course of inflammatory processes. To date, it is known that Acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter extensively expressed in the airways, not only induces bronchoconstriction, but also promotes a set of changes usually associated with the induction of allergic/Th2 responses. We have previously demonstrated that ACh polarizes human dendritic cells (DC) toward a Th2-promoting profile through the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR). Here, we showed that ACh promotes the acquisition of an inflammatory profile by murine DC, with the increased MHC II IAd expression and production of two cytokines strongly associated with inflammatory infiltrate and tissue damage, namely TNF-α and MCP-1, which was prevented by blocking mAChR. Moreover, we showed that ACh induces the up-regulation of M3 mAChR expression and the blocking of this receptor with tiotropium bromide prevents the increase of MHC II IAd expression and TNF-α production induced by ACh on DC, suggesting that M3 is the main receptor involved in ACh-induced activation of DC. Then, using a short-term experimental murine model of ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation, we revealed that the intranasal administration of ACh-treated DC, at early stages of the inflammatory response, might be able to exacerbate the recruitment of inflammatory mononuclear cells, promoting profound structural changes in the lung parenchyma characteristic of chronic inflammation and evidenced by elevated systemic levels of inflammatory marker, TNF-α. These results suggest a potential role for ACh in the modulation of immune mechanisms underlying pulmonary inflammatory processes.
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Labed SA, Wani KA, Jagadeesan S, Hakkim A, Najibi M, Irazoqui JE. Intestinal Epithelial Wnt Signaling Mediates Acetylcholine-Triggered Host Defense against Infection. Immunity 2019; 48:963-978.e3. [PMID: 29768179 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulated antimicrobial peptide expression in the intestinal epithelium is key to defense against infection and to microbiota homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate such expression is necessary for understanding immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease and for developing safe and effective therapies. We used Caenorhabditis elegans in a preclinical approach to discover mechanisms of antimicrobial gene expression control in the intestinal epithelium. We found an unexpected role for the cholinergic nervous system. Infection-induced acetylcholine release from neurons stimulated muscarinic signaling in the epithelium, driving downstream induction of Wnt expression in the same tissue. Wnt induction activated the epithelial canonical Wnt pathway, resulting in the expression of C-type lectin and lysozyme genes that enhanced host defense. Furthermore, the muscarinic and Wnt pathways are linked by conserved transcription factors. These results reveal a tight connection between the nervous system and the intestinal epithelium, with important implications for host defense, immune homeostasis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sid Ahmed Labed
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Khursheed A Wani
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sakthimala Jagadeesan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Abdul Hakkim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehran Najibi
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Javier Elbio Irazoqui
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Tasneem S, Liu B, Li B, Choudhary MI, Wang W. Molecular pharmacology of inflammation: Medicinal plants as anti-inflammatory agents. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Yamada M, Ichinose M. The Cholinergic Pathways in Inflammation: A Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Target for COPD. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1426. [PMID: 30559673 PMCID: PMC6287026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In COPD, the activity of the cholinergic system is increased, which is one of the reasons for the airflow limitation caused by the contraction of airway smooth muscles. Therefore, blocking the contractive actions with anticholinergics is a useful therapeutic intervention to reduce the airflow limitation. In addition to the effects of bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion, accumulating evidence from animal models of COPD suggest acetylcholine has a role in inflammation. Experiments using muscarinic M3-receptor deficient mice or M3 selective antagonists revealed that M3-receptors on parenchymal cells, but not on hematopoietic cells, are involved in the pro-inflammatory effect of acetylcholine. Recently, combinations of long-acting β2 adrenergic agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) have become available for COPD treatment. These dual long-acting bronchodilators may have synergistic anti-inflammatory effects because stimulation of β2 adrenergic receptors induces inhibitory effects in inflammatory cells via a different signaling pathway from that by antagonizing M3-receptor, though these anti-inflammatory effects have not been clearly demonstrated in COPD patients. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory effects by ACh via muscarinic receptors, it has been demonstrated that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, which involves the parasympathetic nervous systems, regulates excessive inflammatory responses to protect organs during tissue injury and infection. Stimulation of acetylcholine via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) exerts inhibitory effects on leukocytes including macrophages and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Although it remains unclear whether the inhibitory effects of acetylcholine via α7nAChR in inflammatory cells can regulate inflammation in COPD, neuroimmune interactions including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway might serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Koarai A, Ichinose M. Possible involvement of acetylcholine-mediated inflammation in airway diseases. Allergol Int 2018; 67:460-466. [PMID: 29605098 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled bronchodilator treatment with a long acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) reduces symptoms and the risk of exacerbations in COPD and asthma. However, increasing evidence from cell culture and animal studies suggests that anti-muscarinic drugs could also possess anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies have revealed that acetylcholine (ACh) can be synthesized and released from both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, and the released ACh can potentiate airway inflammation and remodeling in airway diseases. However, these anti-inflammatory effects of anti-muscarinic drugs have not yet been confirmed in COPD and asthma patients. This review will focus on recent findings about the possible involvement of ACh in airway inflammation and remodeling, and the anti-inflammatory effect of anti-muscarinic drugs in airway diseases. Clarifying the acetylcholine-mediated inflammation could provide insights into the mechanisms of airway diseases, which could lead to future therapeutic strategies for inhibiting the disease progression and exacerbations.
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Slevin M, Iemma RS, Zeinolabediny Y, Liu D, Ferris GR, Caprio V, Phillips N, Di Napoli M, Guo B, Zeng X, AlBaradie R, Binsaleh NK, McDowell G, Fang WH. Acetylcholine Inhibits Monomeric C-Reactive Protein Induced Inflammation, Endothelial Cell Adhesion, and Platelet Aggregation; A Potential Therapeutic? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2124. [PMID: 30319609 PMCID: PMC6168760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we examined the possibility of using targeted antibodies and the potential of small molecular therapeutics (acetylcholine, nicotine and tacrine) to block the pro-inflammatory and adhesion-related properties of monomeric C-reactive protein (mCRP). Methods: We used three established models (platelet aggregation assay, endothelial leucocyte binding assay and monocyte inflammation via ELISA and Western blotting) to assess the potential of these therapeutics. Results: The results of this study showed that monocyte induced inflammation (raised tumor necrosis factor-alpha-TNF-α) induced by mCRP was significantly blocked in the presence of acetylcholine and nicotine, whilst tacrine and targeted antibodies (clones 8C10 and 3H12) had less of or no significant effects. Western blotting confirmed the ability of acetylcholine to inhibit mCRP-induced cell signaling phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). There was no evidence of direct binding between small molecules and mCRP. mCRP also induced endothelial cell-monocyte adhesion in a dose dependent fashion, however, both acetylcholine and nicotine as well as targeting antibodies notably inhibited adhesion. Finally, we investigated their effects on mCRP-induced platelet aggregation. All three small molecules significantly attenuated platelet aggregation as did the antibody 8C10, although 3H12 had a weaker effect. Discussion: Acetylcholine and to a lesser extent nicotine show potential for therapeutic inhibition of mCRP-induced inflammation and cell and platelet adhesion. These results highlight the potential of targeted antibodies and small molecule therapeutics to inhibit the binding of mCRP by prevention of membrane interaction and subsequent activation of cellular cascade systems, which produce the pro-inflammatory effects associated with mCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Slevin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Dementia and Neurolgical Aging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Rocco S Iemma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Zeinolabediny
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Applied Medical Sciences College, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donghui Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Applied Medical Sciences College, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Glenn R Ferris
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio Caprio
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Phillips
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Di Napoli
- Neurological Service, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, Rieti, Italy
| | - Baoqiang Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Dementia and Neurolgical Aging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xianwei Zeng
- Institute of Dementia and Neurolgical Aging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Raid AlBaradie
- Applied Medical Sciences College, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif K Binsaleh
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Garry McDowell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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24
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Detection of intrinsic cholinergic system in the human lacrimal drainage system: evidence and potential implications. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:2097-2102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-4124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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25
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Montalbano AM, Di Sano C, Chiappara G, Riccobono L, Bonanno A, Anzalone G, Vitulo P, Pipitone L, Gjomarkaj M, Pieper MP, Ricciardolo FLM, Gagliardo RP, Profita M. Cigarette smoke and non-neuronal cholinergic system in the airway epithelium of COPD patients. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5856-5868. [PMID: 29226951 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh), synthesized by Choline Acetyl-Transferase (ChAT), exerts its physiological effects via mAChRM3 in epithelial cells. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke affects ChAT, ACh, and mAChRM3 expression in the airways from COPD patients promoting airway disease. ChAT, ACh, and mAChRM3 were assessed: "ex vivo" in the epithelium from central and distal airways of COPD patients, Healthy Smoker (S) and Healthy Subjects (C), and "in vitro" in bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). In central airways, mAChRM3, ChAT, and ACh immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the epithelium from S and COPD than in C subjects. mAChRM3, ChAT, and ACh score of immunoreactivity was high in the metaplastia area of COPD patients. mAChRM3/ChAT and ACh/ChAT co-localization of immunoreactivity was observed in the bronchial epithelium from COPD. In vitro, CSE stimulation significantly increased mAChRM3, ChAT, and ACh expression and mAChRM3/ChAT and ACh/ChAT co-localization in 16HBE and NHBE, and increased 16HBE proliferation. Cigarette smoke modifies the levels of mAChMR3, ChAT expression, and ACh production in bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients. Non-neuronal components of cholinergic system may have a role in the mechanism of bronchial epithelial cell proliferation, promoting alteration of normal tissue, and of related pulmonary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Montalbano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chiappara
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizio Vitulo
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Pipitone
- Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione (ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosalia P Gagliardo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
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26
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Hsiao YH, Tseng CM, Su KC, Chen WC, Wu MT, Wu YC, Chang SC, Lee YC, Kou YR, Perng DW. Glycopyrronium bromide inhibits lung inflammation and small airway remodeling induced by subchronic cigarette smoke exposure in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 249:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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27
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Albano GD, Bonanno A, Moscato M, Anzalone G, Di Sano C, Riccobono L, Wenzel SE, Profita M. Crosstalk between mAChRM3 and β2AR, via acetylcholine PI3/PKC/PBEP1/Raf-1 MEK1/2/ERK1/2 pathway activation, in human bronchial epithelial cells after long-term cigarette smoke exposure. Life Sci 2018; 192:99-109. [PMID: 29175450 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the expression of non-neuronal components of cholinergic system in bronchial epithelial cells and, as PEBP1/Raf-mediated MAPK1/2 and ERK1/2 pathway, promotes inflammation and oxidative stress. AIMS We studied whether Acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in the mechanism of crosstalk between mAChRM3 and β2Adrenergic receptors (β2AR) promoting, via PI3/PKC/PBEP1/Raf/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 activation, β2AR desensitization, inflammation and, oxidative stress in a bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) after long-term exposure to cigarette smoke extract (LECSE). METHODS We evaluated mAChRM3 and Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression, ACh production, PEBP1, ERk1/2, and β2AR phosphorylation, as well as NOX-4, ROS production and IL-8 release in 16HBE after LECSE. The inhibitory activity of Hemicholinium (HCh-3) (a potent choline uptake blocker), LY294002 (a highly selective inhibitor of PI3 kinase), Tiotropium (Spiriva®) (anticholinergic drug) and Olodaterol (β2AR agonist), were tested in 16HBE after LECSE. RESULTS mAChRM3, ChAT, ACh activity, pPEBP1, pβ2AR, pERK1/2, ROS, NOX-4 and IL-8 increased after LECSE in 16HBE LECSE compared to untreated cells. HCh-3 and LY294002 (alone or in combination) as well as Tiotropium (Spiriva®) or Olodaterol (alone or in combination) all reduced the levels of pPEBP1, pβ2AR, pERK1/2, ROS, NOX-4, and IL-8 in 16HBE LECSE compared to untreated cells. CONCLUSIONS LECSE promotes ACh production which enhances PI3/PKC/PEBP1/Raf-ERK1/2 pathway activation, heterologous β2AR desensitization, as well as release of inflammatory and oxidative mediators in bronchial epithelial cells. The use of anticholinergic drugs and long-acting β2-agonists, alone or in combination may be dampen these inflammatory mechanisms when used in combination in some epithelial cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Moscato
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at UPMC, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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28
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Ben Anes A, Ben Nasr H, Garrouch A, Bennour S, Bchir S, Hachana M, Benzarti M, Tabka Z, Chahed K. Alterations in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationships with oxidative and inflammatory markers. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 445:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Chang YL, Jian KR, Lin CS, Wang HW, Liu SC. Dexamethasone attenuates methacholine-mediated aquaporin 5 downregulation in human nasal epithelial cells via suppression of NF-κB activation. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2017; 8:64-71. [PMID: 29083535 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinergic stimulation plays a major role in inflammatory airway diseases. However, its role in airway surface liquid homeostasis and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) regulation remains unclear. In this study we sought to determine the effects of methacholine and dexamethasone on AQP5 expression in human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpC). METHODS HNEpC were cultured with methacholine or dexamethasone at 4 concentrations in vitro. The subcellular distribution of AQP5 was explored using immunocytochemistry. The pharmacologic effects of methacholine and dexamethasone on the expression of the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element binding protein (p-CREB), AQP5, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were examined using Western blotting. RESULTS AQP5 was found to be located in cell membrane and cytoplasm and present in every group without a statistically significant difference. Methacholine inhibited expression of AQP5 and p-CREB in HNEpC, whereas dexamethasone increased these protein levels dose-dependently in a statistically significant manner. In turn, HNEpC treated with methacholine and dexamethasone showed the same trends as those intervened separately with these 2 drugs. Moreover, dexamethasone had the ability to reverse the inhibitory effect of methacholine. Western blotting revealed that, after incubation with 10-4 mol/L methacholine, NF-κB increased significantly, by 186.67%, compared with the untreated control group. Again, such an increase could be significantly reversed after dexamethasone treatment. CONCLUSION NF-κB activation is important for inhibition of p-CREB/AQP5 expression after methacholine intervention, and dexamethasone adjusts it to the opposite side. This observation could provide additional insight into the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids that contribute to maintaining airway surface liquid and mucosal defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Lung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai Ren Jian
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsing-Won Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
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30
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Guo Y, Zang Y, Lv L, Cai F, Qian T, Zhang G, Feng Q. IL‑8 promotes proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis via STAT3/AKT/NF‑κB pathway in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9035-9042. [PMID: 29039490 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) possesses tumorigenic and proangiogenic properties, and is overexpressed in many human cancer types. However, only few studies have demonstrated the mechanisms of action of IL‑8 regarding the ability to promote proliferation and to inhibit apoptosis in prostate cancer. Here, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of IL‑8 on the prostate cancer cell line and determine possible mechanisms underlying its effect. In this study, IL‑8 was shown to be significantly upregulated in prostate cancer compared with paired normal control tissues. The data showed that IL‑8 exhibits direct oncogenicity, which significantly induced cell proliferation, invasion and attenuated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/protein kinase B/nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, modulation of IL‑8 expression or its associated signaling pathway may provide a novel working mechanism of IL‑8 in prostate cancer, and a promising strategy for controlling the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Lianzheng Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Quancheng Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
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31
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The effect of tiotropium in combination with olodaterol on house dust mite-induced allergic airway disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:210-217. [PMID: 28687462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the major goals of asthma therapy is to maintain asthma control and prevent acute exacerbations. Long-acting bronchodilators are regularly used for the treatment of asthma patients and in clinical studies the anti-cholinergic tiotropium has recently been shown to reduce exacerbations in patients with asthma. So far it is unclear how tiotropium exerts this effect. For this purpose, we designed an allergen-driven rechallenge model of allergic airway inflammation in mice, to assess the effectiveness of tiotropium and the long-acting β-2 adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol on allergen-induced exacerbations of airway disease. Female C57BL/6J mice were sensitized intranasally (i.n.) with 1 μg of house dust mite (HDM) extract followed by a challenge regime (5 consecutive days 10 μg HDM extract i.n.) after one week. Mice were exposed to a secondary challenge five weeks after sensitization and were treated i.n. with different concentrations of tiotropium or olodaterol (1, 10 and 100 μg/kg) or a combination thereof (10 μg/kg each) prior to and during the secondary challenge period. Three days after the last challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue were collected for flow cytometry and histologic analysis, respectively. Secondary challenge with HDM extract strongly induced allergic airway disease reflected by inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia. Treatment with tiotropium, but not with olodaterol reduced tissue inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of tiotropium and olodaterol was more effective in significantly reducing tissue inflammation compared to tiotropium treatment alone, and also led to a decrease in BAL cell counts. These data suggest that in a model of relapsing allergic airway disease tiotropium directly prevents exacerbations by reducing inflammation and mucus production in the airways. In addition, the combination of tiotropium and olodaterol exerts synergistic effects.
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32
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Ferraro M, Gjomarkaj M, Siena L, Di Vincenzo S, Pace E. Formoterol and fluticasone propionate combination improves histone deacetylation and anti-inflammatory activities in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1718-1727. [PMID: 28483577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The addition of long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs) to corticosteroids improves asthma control. Cigarette smoke exposure, increasing oxidative stress, may negatively affect corticosteroid responses. The anti-inflammatory effects of formoterol (FO) and fluticasone propionate (FP) in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) are unknown. AIMS This study explored whether FP, alone and in combination with FO, in human bronchial epithelial cellline (16-HBE) and primary bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE), counteracted some CSE-mediated effects and in particular some of the molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance. METHODS 16-HBE and NHBE were stimulated with CSE, FP and FO alone or combined. HDAC3 and HDAC2 activity, nuclear translocation of GR and NF-κB, pERK1/2/tERK1/2 ratio, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β mRNA expression, and mitochondrial ROS were evaluated. Actin reorganization in neutrophils was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using the phalloidin method. RESULTS In 16-HBE, CSE decreased expression/activity of HDAC3, activity of HDAC2, nuclear translocation of GR and increased nuclear NF-κB expression, pERK 1/2/tERK1/2 ratio, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines. In NHBE, CSE increased mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and supernatants from CSE exposed NHBE increased actin reorganization in neutrophils. FP combined with FO reverted all these phenomena in CSE stimulated 16-HBE cells as well as in NHBE cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides compelling evidences that FP combined with FO may contribute to revert some processes related to steroid resistance induced by oxidative stress due to cigarette smoke exposure increasing the anti-inflammatory effects of FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferraro
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - L Siena
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Interleukin-8 enhances the effect of colchicine on cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:89-94. [PMID: 28189686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to be generated in tumors and play important roles in angiogenesis, mitosis, and tumor progression. However, few studies have investigated the synergistic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anticancer drugs on cell death. In the present study, we examined the combined effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and colchicine on cell death of cancer cells. Colchicine induces G2/M arrest in the cell cycle by binding to tubulin, one of the main constituents of microtubules. SUIT-2 human pancreatic cancer cell line cells overexpressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were treated with colchicine. The effect of colchicine on cell death was enhanced in cells overexpressing IL-8. Moreover, the effect of colchicine on cell death was enhanced in cells overexpressing two IL-8 up-regulators, NF-κB and IL-6, but not in cells overexpressing an IL-8 down-regulator, splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich (SFPQ). Synergistic effects of IL-8 and colchicine were also observed in cells overexpressing IL-8 isoforms lacking the signal peptide. Therefore, IL-8 appeared to function as an enhancer of cell death in cancer cells treated with colchicine. The present results suggest a new role for IL-8 related to cell death of cancer cells.
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Wittekindt OH. Tight junctions in pulmonary epithelia during lung inflammation. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:135-147. [PMID: 27921210 PMCID: PMC5203840 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory lung diseases like asthma bronchiale, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allergic airway inflammation are widespread public diseases that constitute an enormous burden to the health systems. Mainly classified as inflammatory diseases, the treatment focuses on strategies interfering with local inflammatory responses by the immune system. Inflammatory lung diseases predispose patients to severe lung failures like alveolar oedema, respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury. These life-threatening syndromes are caused by increased permeability of the alveolar and airway epithelium and exudate formation. However, the mechanism underlying epithelium barrier breakdown in the lung during inflammation is elusive. This review emphasises the role of the tight junction of the airway epithelium as the predominating structure conferring epithelial tightness and preventing exudate formation and the impact of inflammatory perturbations on their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H Wittekindt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Richter E, Harms M, Ventz K, Nölker R, Fraunholz MJ, Mostertz J, Hochgräfe F. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Dynamics of Protein Phosphorylation in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells during Internalization, Phagosomal Escape, and Intracellular Replication of Staphylococcus aureus. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4369-4386. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Richter
- Competence
Center Functional Genomics, Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Harms
- Competence
Center Functional Genomics, Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Ventz
- Competence
Center Functional Genomics, Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rolf Nölker
- Competence
Center Functional Genomics, Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Mostertz
- Competence
Center Functional Genomics, Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Falko Hochgräfe
- Competence
Center Functional Genomics, Junior Research Group Pathoproteomics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Effect of Phospholipid Transfer Protein on Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced IL-8 Production in Human Pulmonary Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2016; 39:1972-1980. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Autocrine Acetylcholine, Induced by IL-17A via NFκB and ERK1/2 Pathway Activation, Promotes MUC5AC and IL-8 Synthesis in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9063842. [PMID: 27298519 PMCID: PMC4889862 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9063842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17A is overexpressed in the lung during acute neutrophilic inflammation. Acetylcholine (ACh) increases IL-8 and Muc5AC production in airway epithelial cells. We aimed to characterize the involvement of nonneuronal components of cholinergic system on IL-8 and Muc5AC production in bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with IL-17A. Bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with recombinant human IL-17A (rhIL-17A) to evaluate the ChAT expression, the ACh binding and production, the IL-8 release, and the Muc5AC production. Furthermore, the effectiveness of PD098,059 (inhibitor of MAPKK activation), Bay11-7082 (inhibitor of IkBα phosphorylation), Hemicholinium-3 (HCh-3) (choline uptake blocker), and Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva®) (anticholinergic drug) was tested in our in vitro model. We showed that rhIL-17A increased the expression of ChAT, the levels of ACh binding and production, and the IL-8 and Muc5AC production in stimulated bronchial epithelial cells compared with untreated cells. The pretreatment of the cells with PD098,059 and Bay11-7082 decreased the ChAT expression and the ACh production/binding, while HCh-3 and Tiotropium decreased the IL-8 and Muc5AC synthesis in bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with rhIL-17A. IL-17A is involved in the IL-8 and Muc5AC production promoting, via NFκB and ERK1/2 pathway activation, the synthesis of ChAT, and the related activity of autocrine ACh in bronchial epithelial cells.
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Zhou J, Ling J, Song J, Wang Y, Feng B, Ping F. Interleukin 10 protects primary melanocyte by activation of Stat-3 and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathways. Cytokine 2016; 83:275-281. [PMID: 27186967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common melanocytopenic disorder of the skin, with acquired focal depigmentation. Normal human skin relies on melanocytes to provide photoprotection and thermoregulation by producing melanin. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic immunoregulatory cytokine drawing more and more researchers' attention. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of IL-10 on melanocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We proved that IL-10 play no role in regulating melanogenesis of normal human foreskin-derived epidermal melanocytes (NHEM). IL-10 stimulation activated the JAK/Stat-3 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Moreover, IL-10 treatment increased translocation of p65 NF-κB into the nuclear compartment, and up-regulated expression of the pro-survival proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. IL-10 restored anti-apoptotic proteins expression and suppressed cytochrome c release in H2O2-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, IL-10 may provide pro-survival cues to melanocytes and be applied in the treatment of vitiligo and other depigmenting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Jing Song
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urological Surgical, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China
| | - Bainian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Ping
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, PR China.
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Anzalone G, Gagliardo R, Bucchieri F, Albano GD, Siena L, Montalbano AM, Bonanno A, Riccobono L, Pieper MP, Gjomarkaj M, Profita M. IL-17A induces chromatin remodeling promoting IL-8 release in bronchial epithelial cells: Effect of Tiotropium. Life Sci 2016; 152:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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40
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Lu JJ, Xu GN, Yu P, Song Y, Wang XL, Zhu L, Chen HZ, Cui YY. The activation of M3 mAChR in airway epithelial cells promotes IL-8 and TGF-β1 secretion and airway smooth muscle cell migration. Respir Res 2016; 17:25. [PMID: 26956674 PMCID: PMC4784334 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have been identified in airway epithelium, and epithelium-derived chemokines can initiate the migration of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. However, the mAChRs that are expressed in airway epithelium and the mechanism underlying the regulation of ASM cell migration are not clear. The aim of this study was to test whether the effects of the epithelium-derived chemokines on ASM cell migration could be modulated by mAChRs. METHOD Human epithelial cells (A549 cells) were stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or the mAChRs agonist carbachol. IL-8 and TGF-β1 production were measured by ELISA, and human ASM cell migration was measured using the transwell migration assay and scratch assay. The mRNA levels of the mAChRs subtypes and the acetylcholine concentrations were measured using RT-PCR and LC-MS/MS, respectively. RESULTS ASM cell migration toward CSE-stimulated A549 cells was markedly reduced by Ac-RRWWCR-NH2 (IL-8 inhibitor) and SB431542 (TGF-β1 inhibitor). CSE-induced ASM cell migration was also suppressed by the mAChRs antagonist tiotropium. Interestingly, carbachol-stimulated A549 cells also induced ASM cell migration; this migration event was suppressed by tiotropium, Ac-RRWWCR-NH2 and SB431542. In addition, the effects of CSE on ASM cell migration were significantly and cooperatively enhanced by carbachol compared to CSE alone. Carbachol-induced ASM cell migration was reduced by selective inhibitors of PI3K/Akt (LY294002) and p38 (SB203580), suggesting that it occurred through p38 and Akt phosphorylation, which was inhibited by the M3 mAChR antagonist 4-DAMP. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that M3 mAChR may be important therapeutic target for obstructive airway diseases, as it regulates the effects of the epithelial-derived chemokines on ASM cell migration, which results in lung remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Guang-Ni Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yong-Yao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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41
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Kistemaker LEM, Bos IST, Menzen MH, Maarsingh H, Meurs H, Gosens R. Combination therapy of tiotropium and ciclesonide attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling in a guinea pig model of chronic asthma. Respir Res 2016; 17:13. [PMID: 26846267 PMCID: PMC4743207 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long-acting anticholinergic tiotropium has recently been registered for the treatment of asthma, and its use is associated with a reduction in exacerbation frequency. Anti-inflammatory and anti-remodeling effects of tiotropium have been demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo models. Because tiotropium treatment is used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids, potential additive effects between the two would be clinically relevant. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate additive effects between tiotropium and ciclesonide on airway inflammation and remodeling in guinea pig models of asthma. Methods Guinea pigs (n = 3–8/group) were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin in an acute (single challenge) and a chronic model (12 weekly challenges) of allergic asthma. Animals were treated with vehicle, nebulized tiotropium (0.01–0.3 mM) and/or intranasally instilled ciclesonide (0.001–1 mg/kg) before each challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lungs were collected for analysis of airway inflammation and remodeling. Results Tiotropium and ciclesonide treatment, alone or in combination, did not inhibit airway inflammation in the acute asthma model. In a dose-finding study, low doses of tiotropium and ciclesonide inhibited airway eosinophilia and airway smooth muscle thickening in the chronic asthma model. Threshold doses of 0.01 mM tiotropium (nebulizer concentration) and 0.01 mg/kg ciclesonide were selected to investigate potential additive effects between both drugs. At these doses, tiotropium and ciclesonide did not inhibit airway eosinophilia or airway smooth muscle thickening when administered alone, but significantly inhibited these allergen-induced responses when administered in combination. Conclusions Combined treatment with low doses of tiotropium and ciclesonide inhibits airway inflammation and remodeling in a guinea pig model of chronic asthma, suggesting that combined treatment with anticholinergics and corticosteroids may have anti-inflammatory and anti-remodeling activity in allergic airway diseases. Since tiotropium is registered as a therapy for asthma added on to corticosteroid treatment, these beneficial effects of the combination therapy may be clinically relevant. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0327-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - I Sophie T Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H Menzen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Maarsingh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Jiang J, Trollor JN, Brown DA, Crawford JD, Thalamuthu A, Smith E, Breit SN, Liu T, Brodaty H, Baune BT, Sachdev PS, Wen W. An inverse relationship between serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 levels and brain white matter integrity in community-dwelling older individuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 62:80-8. [PMID: 26254771 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) is a marker of inflammation that has been associated with atherosclerosis. We have previously demonstrated its relationships with cognitive decline and cerebral gray matter volumes, suggesting its role as a biomarker of cognitive impairment. Considering that it is widely distributed in the brain, and both inflammation and vascular pathology impact on white matter (WM) integrity, we examined the relationship between MIC-1/GDF15 and measures of WM integrity, including WM volumes, mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values and WM hyperintensity (WMH) volumes in a community-dwelling non-demented sample of older individuals (n=327, 70-90 years old). We found that the mean FA values were negatively associated with MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels, after Bonferroni correction. The voxel-wise analysis showed negative relationships between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and FA values in corticospinal tract, corpus callosum (including genu, body and splenium parts), superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum, as well as anterior and posterior thalamic radiation. Whole brain WMH volumes, especially deep WMH volumes, showed a non-significant trend for a positive association with MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels. The associations between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and WM integrity showed a non-significant trend of being stronger for the individuals classified as mild cognitive impairment, compared to the normal ageing participants. The findings suggest that high serum MIC-1/GDF15 levels indicate reduced WM integrity and possibly greater WM pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Department of Development Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Brown
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - John D Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Evelyn Smith
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel N Breit
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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Dong ZW, Chen J, Ruan YC, Zhou T, Chen Y, Chen Y, Tsang LL, Chan HC, Peng YZ. CFTR-regulated MAPK/NF-κB signaling in pulmonary inflammation in thermal inhalation injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15946. [PMID: 26515683 PMCID: PMC4626762 DOI: 10.1038/srep15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying pulmonary inflammation in thermal inhalation injury remains elusive. Cystic fibrosis, also hallmarked with pulmonary inflammation, is caused by mutations in CFTR, the expression of which is temperature-sensitive. We investigated whether CFTR is involved in heat-induced pulmonary inflammation. We applied heat-treatment in 16HBE14o- cells with CFTR knockdown or overexpression and heat-inhalation in rats in vivo. Heat-treatment caused significant reduction in CFTR and, reciprocally, increase in COX-2 at early stages both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of ERK/JNK, NF-κB and COX-2/PGE2 were detected in heat-treated cells, which were mimicked by knockdown, and reversed by overexpression of CFTR or VX-809, a reported CFTR mutation corrector. JNK/ERK inhibition reversed heat-/CFTR-knockdown-induced NF-κB activation, whereas NF-κB inhibitor showed no effect on JNK/ERK. IL-8 was augmented by heat-treatment or CFTR-knockdown, which was abolished by inhibition of NF-κB, JNK/ERK or COX-2. Moreover, in vitro or in vivo treatment with curcumin, a natural phenolic compound, significantly enhanced CFTR expression and reversed the heat-induced increases in COX-2/PGE2/IL-8, neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage in the airway. These results have revealed a CFTR-regulated MAPK/NF-κB pathway leading to COX-2/PGE2/IL-8 activation in thermal inhalation injury, and demonstrated therapeutic potential of curcumin for alleviating heat-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Chun Ruan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - YaJie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lai Ling Tsang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Roth M. Airway and lung remodelling in chronic pulmonary obstructive disease: a role for muscarinic receptor antagonists? Drugs 2015; 75:1-8. [PMID: 25414120 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lung tissue remodelling in chronic inflammatory lung diseases has long been regarded as a follow-up event to inflammation. Recent studies have indicated that, although airway and lung tissue remodelling is often independent of inflammation, it precedes or causes inflammation. None of the available therapies has a significant effect on airway and lung tissue remodelling in asthma, bronchiectasis, fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The goal of stopping or reversing lung tissue remodelling is difficult, as the term summarizes the net effect of independent events, including (1) cell proliferation, (2) cell volume increase, (3) cell migration, (4) modified deposition and metabolism of specific extracellular matrix components, and (5) local action of infiltrated inflammatory cells. The extracellular matrix of the lung has a very high turnover, and thus small changes may accumulate to significant structural pathologies, which seem to be irreversible. The most important question is 'why are pathological changes of the lung structure irreversible and resistant to drugs?' Many drugs have the potential to reduce remodelling mechanisms in vitro but fail in clinical trials. New evidence suggests that muscarinic receptor inhibitors have the potential to improve lung function through modifying tissue remodelling. However, the role of muscarinic receptors in lung remodelling, especially their supportive role for other remodelling driving factors, needs to be further investigated. The focus of this review is the role of muscarinic receptors in lung tissue remodelling as it has been reported in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research and Pneumology, Department Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland,
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45
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Xu R, Shang C, Zhao J, Han Y, Liu J, Chen K, Shi W. Activation of M3 muscarinic receptor by acetylcholine promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion via EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4091-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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46
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Jiang J, Wen W, Brown DA, Crawford J, Thalamuthu A, Smith E, Breit SN, Liu T, Zhu W, Brodaty H, Baune BT, Trollor JN, Sachdev PS. The relationship of serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 levels with gray matter volumes in community-dwelling older individuals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123399. [PMID: 25867953 PMCID: PMC4395016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using circulating inflammatory markers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), recent studies have associated inflammation with brain volumetric measures. Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) is a divergent transforming growth factor - beta (TGF-β) superfamily cytokine. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of the previous finding of a negative association between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and cognition, the present study aimed to examine the relationship of circulating MIC-1/GDF15 levels with human brain gray matter (GM) volumes, in a community-dwelling sample aged 70-90 years over two years (Wave 1: n = 506, Wave 2: n = 327), of which the age-related brain atrophy had been previously well defined. T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained at both waves and analyzed using the FMRIB Software Library and FreeSurfer. The results showed significantly negative associations between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and both subcortical and cortical GM volumes. GM volumes of the whole brain, cortex, temporal lobe, thalamus and accumbens showed significant mediating effects on the associations between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and global cognition scores. Increases in MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels were associated with decreases in cortical and subcortical GM volume over two years. In conclusion, MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels were inversely associated with GM volumes both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - David A. Brown
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - John Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Evelyn Smith
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel N. Breit
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Department of Development Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia
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47
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Kistemaker LEM, Gosens R. Acetylcholine beyond bronchoconstriction: roles in inflammation and remodeling. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 36:164-71. [PMID: 25511176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is the primary parasympathetic neurotransmitter in the airways, where it not only induces bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion, but also regulates airway inflammation and remodeling. In this review, we propose that these effects are all primarily mediated via the muscarinic M3 receptor. Acetylcholine promotes inflammation and remodeling via direct effects on airway cells, and via mechanical stress applied to the airways sequential to bronchoconstriction. The effects on inflammation and remodeling are regulated by both neuronal and non-neuronal acetylcholine. Taken together, we believe that the combined effects of anticholinergic therapy on M3-mediated bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, inflammation, and remodeling may account for the positive outcome of treatment with these drugs for patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) or asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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48
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Kistemaker LEM, van Os RP, Dethmers-Ausema A, Bos IST, Hylkema MN, van den Berge M, Hiemstra PS, Wess J, Meurs H, Kerstjens HAM, Gosens R. Muscarinic M3 receptors on structural cells regulate cigarette smoke-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L96-103. [PMID: 25381025 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00259.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticholinergics, blocking the muscarinic M3 receptor, are effective bronchodilators for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent evidence from M(3) receptor-deficient mice (M(3)R(-/-)) indicates that M3 receptors also regulate neutrophilic inflammation in response to cigarette smoke (CS). M(3) receptors are present on almost all cell types, and in this study we investigated the relative contribution of M(3) receptors on structural cells vs. inflammatory cells to CS-induced inflammation using bone marrow chimeric mice. Bone marrow chimeras (C56Bl/6 mice) were generated, and engraftment was confirmed after 10 wk. Thereafter, irradiated and nonirradiated control animals were exposed to CS or fresh air for four consecutive days. CS induced a significant increase in neutrophil numbers in nonirradiated and irradiated control animals (4- to 35-fold). Interestingly, wild-type animals receiving M(3)R(-/-) bone marrow showed a similar increase in neutrophil number (15-fold). In contrast, no increase in the number of neutrophils was observed in M3R(-/-) animals receiving wild-type bone marrow. The increase in keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) levels was similar in all smoke-exposed groups (2.5- to 5.0-fold). Microarray analysis revealed that fibrinogen-α and CD177, both involved in neutrophil migration, were downregulated in CS-exposed M(3)R(-/-) animals receiving wild-type bone marrow compared with CS-exposed wild-type animals, which was confirmed by RT-qPCR (1.6-2.5 fold). These findings indicate that the M(3) receptor on structural cells plays a proinflammatory role in CS-induced neutrophilic inflammation, whereas the M(3) receptor on inflammatory cells does not. This effect is probably not mediated via KC release, but may involve altered adhesion and transmigration of neutrophils via fibrinogen-α and CD177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P van Os
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertina Dethmers-Ausema
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Sophie T Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Molecular Signaling Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huib A M Kerstjens
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Montalbano AM, Albano GD, Anzalone G, Bonanno A, Riccobono L, Di Sano C, Gagliardo R, Siena L, Pieper MP, Gjomarkaj M, Profita M. Cigarette smoke alters non-neuronal cholinergic system components inducing MUC5AC production in the H292 cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 736:35-43. [PMID: 24797786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) affects the expression of Choline Acetyl-Transferase (ChAT), muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and mucin production in bronchial epithelial cells. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, ChAT expression, acetylcholine levels and acetylcholine binding were measured in a human pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line (H292) stimulated with CSE. We performed ChAT/RNA interference experiments in H292 cells stimulated with CSE to study the role of ChAT/acetylcholine in MUC5AC production. The effects of Hemicholinium-3 (HCh-3) (50 μM) (a potent and selective choline uptake blocker) and Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva(®)) (100 nM), alone or in combination with Salmeterol (SL) and Fluticasone propionate (FP), were tested in this model. MUC5AC, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, ChAT, acetylcholine expression and acetylcholine binding significantly increased in H292 cells stimulated with CSE (5%) compared to untreated cells. HCh-3 reduced acetylcholine binding and MUC5AC production in H292 cells stimulated with CSE. ChAT/RNA interference eliminated the effect of CSE on MUC5AC production. FP reduced ChAT and acetylcholine binding in unstimulated cells, while showing a partial effect in CSE stimulated cells. SL increased the ChAT expression and acetylcholine binding in H292 cells stimulated with or without CSE. Tiotropium, alone or together with FP and SL, reduced acetylcholine binding and MUC5AC production in H292 cells stimulated with CSE. CSE affects the ChAT/acetylcholine expression, increasing MUC5AC production in H292 cells. Pharmacological treatment with anticholinergic drugs reduces the secretion of MUC5AC generated by autocrine acetylcholine activity in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), Sezione di Pneumologia, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Liboria Siena
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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50
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Profita M, Albano GD, Riccobono L, Di Sano C, Montalbano AM, Gagliardo R, Anzalone G, Bonanno A, Pieper MP, Gjomarkaj M. Increased levels of Th17 cells are associated with non-neuronal acetylcholine in COPD patients. Immunobiology 2014; 219:392-401. [PMID: 24529390 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
T-lymphocytes, including Th17-cells and T-cells expressing acetylcholine (ACh), are key components of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We investigated whether ACh promotes Th17 cells in COPD. ACh, IL-17A, IL-22, RORγt, FOXP3 expression and AChIL-17A, AChIL-22, AChRORγt coexpression was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from COPD patients (n=16), healthy smokers (HS) (n=12) and healthy control subjects (HC) (n=13) (cultured for 48 h with PMA) by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we studied the effect of Tiotropium (Spiriva®) (100 nM) and Olodaterol (1nM) alone or in combination, and of hemicholinium-3 (50 μM) on AChIL-17A, AChIL-22, AChRORγt, and FOXP3 expression in CD3+PBT-cells of PBMC from COPD patients (n=6) cultured for 48 h with PMA. CD3+PBT-cells expressing ACh, IL-17A, IL-22 and RORγt together with CD3+PBT-cells co-expressing AChIL-17A, AChIL-22 and AChRORγt were significantly increased in COPD patients compared to HC and HS subjects with higher levels in HS than in HC without a significant difference. CD3+FOXP3+PBT-cells were increased in HS than in HC and COPD. Tiotropium and Olodaterol reduced the percentage of CD3+PBT-cells co-expressing AChIL-17A, AChIL-22, and AChRORγt while increased the CD3+FOXP3+PBT-cells in PBMC from COPD patients, cultured in vitro for 48 h, with an additive effect when used in combination. Hemicholnium-3 reduced the percentage of ACh+IL-17A+, ACh+IL-22+, and ACh+RORγt+ while it did not affect FOXP3+ expression in CD3+PBT-cells from cultured PBMC from COPD patients. We concluded that ACh might promote the increased levels of Th17-cells in systemic inflammation of COPD. Long-acting β2-agonists and anticholinergic drugs might contribute to control this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Profita
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina, Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), Sezione di Pneumologia, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Unit: "Ex vivo/In vitro Models to Study the Immunopathology and the Pharmacology of Airway Diseases", Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
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