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Lee JG, Li Y, Kim NJ, Jang HB, Yang CH, Kim HY, Yoon SS, Chang S, Jeong SJ, Kim SC, Sa BS, Lee BH. A synergistic effect of herb and acupuncture on the methamphetamine. Integr Med Res 2024; 13:101052. [PMID: 39219986 PMCID: PMC11364119 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2024.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Herbal medicine Ja-Geum-Jeong (JGJ) has been used for the treatment of detoxification in Eastern Asia. However, the mechanisms involved are not clearly defined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if herb medication inhibits Methamphetamine (METH)'s reinforcing effect and also examined if a combination of herb medication and acupuncture produces a synergistic effect on METH. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given acute METH intraperitoneally and the locomotor activity and ultrasonic vocalization (USV) calls were measured. Rats were administered JGJ orally and acupuncture was given at HT7 or SI5. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists were injected into the Central amygdala (CeA) to investigate a possible neuroscientific mechanism. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) were measured to immunohistochemically and electrically confirm the behavioral data. Results Locomotor activity and USV calls were increased by METH (P < 0.05) and these increases were inhibited by JGJ (P < 0.05). Also, JGJ had no effect on the normal group given saline, and acupuncture at SI5 acupoint, but not at HT7 acupoint, produced a synergistic effect when combined with JGJ (P < 0.05). The JGJ's inhibition was blocked by the inactivation of CeA (P < 0.05), and MSG mimicked JGJ (P < 0.05). TH and FSCV measures showed the same pattern with the behavioral data (P < 0.05). Conclusion Results of the present study suggest that JGJ had inhibitory effects on the METH which was mediated through the activation of CeA and that combination of acupuncture and herb produced synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gyeom Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuchi Li
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, PR China
| | - Nam Jun Kim
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Byeol Jang
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Shoon Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Suchan Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ju Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Herbal Formula, College of Biomedical Science, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Suk Sa
- Chung Shin Herbal Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Benny F, Kumar S, Binu A, Parambi DGT, Alsahli TG, Al-Sehemi AG, Chandran N, Manisha DS, Sreekumar S, Bhatt A, Madhu K, Mathew B. Targeting GABA receptors with chalcone derivative compounds, what is the evidence? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:1257-1269. [PMID: 38112471 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2293752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In medicinal chemistry, privileged structures have been frequently exploited as a successful template for drug discovery. Common simple scaffolds like chalcone are present in a wide range of naturally occurring chemicals. Chalcone exhibits extensive biological activity and has drawn attention in this context due to its function in the GABA receptor. Epilepsy and GABA receptors are related. It is a chronic neurological condition that affects globally. AREAS COVERED Numerous neurological disorders, including anxiety and epilepsy, have been related to GABA, the brain's most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter. We go through the role of GABA receptors in anxiety and epilepsy in this review. The structure-activity relationship of chalcone and its derivatives on the GABA receptor is covered in our final section. EXPERT OPINION GABA is a potential therapeutic target for issues associated with the nervous system. We talk about the potential effects of chalcone as a treatment for epilepsy and anxiety on the GABA receptor. Therefore, thorough research is necessary in this regard; the value of in silico tools in developing and enhancing GABA agonists is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feba Benny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Aiswarya Binu
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jouf university, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq G Alsahli
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Jouf university, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namitha Chandran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Deepthi S Manisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Sarath Sreekumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Akanksha Bhatt
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishnadas Madhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
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Kawada K, Ishida T, Jobu K, Morisawa S, Nishida M, Tamura N, Yoshioka S, Miyamura M. Glycyrrhizae Radix suppresses lipopolysaccharide- and diazepam-induced nerve inflammation in the hippocampus, and contracts the duration of pentobarbital- induced loss of righting reflex in a mouse model. J Nat Med 2023; 77:561-571. [PMID: 37115471 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Nerve inflammation is linked to the development of various neurological disorders. This study aimed to examine whether Glycyrrhizae Radix effectively influences the duration of the pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex, which may increase in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nerve inflammation and diazepam-induced γ-aminobutyric acid receptor hypersensitivity. Furthermore, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells, in vitro. Treatment with Glycyrrhizae Radix significantly decreased the duration of pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex in the mouse model. Furthermore, treatment with Glycyrrhizae Radix significantly attenuated the LPS-induced increases in interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at the mRNA level, and it significantly reduced the number of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus 24 h after LPS treatment. Treatment with Glycyrrhizae Radix also suppressed the release of nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor protein in culture supernatants of LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin, active ingredients of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract, reduced the duration of pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex. These findings suggest that Glycyrrhizae Radix, as well as its active ingredients, glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin, may be effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of nerve inflammation-induced neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawada
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Ishida
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kohei Jobu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shumpei Morisawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Motoki Nishida
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Naohisa Tamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Saburo Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital, 185-1 Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Wu X, Li J, Hu C, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Li M, Xiao D, Lu L, Huang Y, Zhang X, Li C. Inclusion Complex of Isoliquiritigenin With Sulfobutyl Ether-β-Cyclodextrin: Preparation, Characterization, Inclusion Mode, Solubilization, and Stability. Front Chem 2022; 10:930297. [PMID: 35800032 PMCID: PMC9253266 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.930297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) possesses a wide variety of pharmacological properties, however, its poor solubility and oral bioavailability pose a significant barrier to its application. In present studies, the ISL inclusion complex was prepared with sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD). The physicochemical characterizations of ISL-SBE-β-CD were performed with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Phase solubility study suggested a 1:1 formation of ISL-SBE-β-CD complexes. The water solubility of ISL rose from 13.6 μM to 4.05 mM by the inclusion of SBE-β-CD. The antioxidant activities (IC50) of ISL-SBE-β-CD reached 42.2 μg/ml, which was significantly lower than that of ISL (60.5 μg/ml). Its stability in biological environments was also enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chen Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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5
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Obray JD, Jang EY, Klomp AM, Small CA, Richardson AP, LeBaron JJ, Lee JG, Yorgason JT, Yang CH, Steffensen SC. The peripheral dopamine 2 receptor antagonist domperidone attenuates ethanol enhancement of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:396-409. [PMID: 35040146 PMCID: PMC8920780 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens have been implicated in reward learning. Ethanol is known to increase both dopamine neuron firing in the VTA and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Despite this, some discrepancies exist between the dose of ethanol required to enhance firing in vivo and ex vivo. In the present study we investigated the effects of peripheral dopamine 2 subtype receptor antagonism on ethanol's effects on dopamine neurotransmission. METHODS Plasma catecholamine levels were assessed following ethanol administration across four different doses of EtOH. Microdialysis and voltammetry were used to assess the effects of domperidone pretreatment on ethanol-mediated increases in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. A place conditioning paradigm was used to assess conditioned preference for ethanol and whether domperidone pretreatment altered this preference. Open-field and loss-of-righting reflex paradigms were used to assess the effects of domperidone on ethanol-induced sedation. A rotarod apparatus was used to assess the effects of domperidone on ethanol-induced motor impairment. RESULTS Domperidone attenuated ethanol's enhancement of mesolimbic dopamine release under non-physiological conditions at intermediate (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) doses of ethanol. Domperidone also decreased EtOH-induced sedation at 2.0 g/kg. Domperidone did not alter ethanol conditioned place preference nor did it affect ethanol-induced motor impairment. CONCLUSIONS These results show that peripheral dopamine 2 receptors mediate some of the effects of ethanol on nonphysiological dopamine neurotransmission, although these effects are not related to the rewarding properties of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Daniel Obray
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA,Research Center for Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Anneke M. Klomp
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Christina A. Small
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Aaron P. Richardson
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua J. LeBaron
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jin Gyeom Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jordan T. Yorgason
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Scott C. Steffensen
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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6
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Prajapati R, Seong SH, Park SE, Paudel P, Jung HA, Choi JS. Isoliquiritigenin, a potent human monoamine oxidase inhibitor, modulates dopamine D 1, D 3, and vasopressin V 1A receptors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23528. [PMID: 34876600 PMCID: PMC8651714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (= 4,2′,4′-Trihydroxychalcone) (ILG) is a major constituent of the Glycyrrhizae Rhizoma that has significant neuroprotective functions. In the present study, we re-examined the potential of ILG to inhibit human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) in vitro and established its mechanism of inhibition through a kinetics study and molecular docking examination. ILG showed competitive inhibition of hMAO-A and mixed inhibition of hMAO-B with IC50 values of 0.68 and 0.33 µM, respectively, which varied slightly from the reported IC50 values. Since ILG has been reported to reduce dopaminergic neurodegeneration and psychostimulant-induced toxicity (both of which are related to dopamine and vasopressin receptors), we investigated the binding affinity and modulatory functions of ILG on dopamine and vasopressin receptors. ILG was explored as an antagonist of the D1 receptor and an agonist of the D3 and V1A receptors with good potency. An in silico docking investigation revealed that ILG can interact with active site residues at target receptors with low binding energies. These activities of ILG on hMAO and brain receptors suggest the potential role of the compound to ameliorate dopaminergic deficits, depression, anxiety, and associated symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and other neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Prajapati
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.,Division of Natural Products Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.,National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Wang L, Zhang M, Wen J, Xiang Y, Duan X, Yu C, Yan M, Zhang B, Fang P. Isoliquiritigenin Alleviates Semen Strychni-Induced Neurotoxicity by Restoring the Metabolic Pathway of Neurotransmitters in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762290. [PMID: 34867385 PMCID: PMC8634445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute neurotoxicity of Semen Strychni can result in sudden death in epilepsy. The detoxification method and mechanism of Semen Strychni acute poisoning have not been clarified. This experiment focused on the mechanism of Semen Strychni neurotoxicity and the alleviation effects of isoliquiritigenin. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with Semen Strychni extract (125 mg/kg), followed by oral administration of isoliquiritigenin (50 mg/kg) for 7 days. FJ-B staining was used to evaluate the degree of injury on hippocampus neurons. The concentration of monoamines, amino acids, and choline neurotransmitters, the Dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolic pathway in the hippocampus, cerebellum, striatum, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, serum, and plasma were detected by LC-MS/MS. The expression of neurotransmitter metabolic enzymes [catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO)] and neurotransmitter receptors [glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABRs)] were, respectively determined using ELISA and qRT-PCR. The results indicated that Semen Strychni induced neuronal degeneration in the hippocampal CA1 region. Meanwhile, Semen Strychni inhibited the mRNA expression of NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, NMDAR2B, GABRa1, GABRb2 and reduced the level of MAO, which disrupted the DA and 5-HT metabolic pathway. However, isoliquiritigenin reversed these effects. In summary, isoliquiritigenin showed alleviation effects on Semen Strychni-induced neurotoxicity, which could be attributed to restoring neurotransmitters metabolic pathway, most likely through the activation of NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yalan Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changwei Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingfei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Lin TY, Lu CW, Hsieh PW, Chiu KM, Lee MY, Wang SJ. Natural Product Isoliquiritigenin Activates GABA B Receptors to Decrease Voltage-Gate Ca 2+ Channels and Glutamate Release in Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101537. [PMID: 34680170 PMCID: PMC8534184 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction in glutamate release is a key mechanism for neuroprotection and we investigated the effect of isoliquiritigenin (ISL), an active ingredient of Glycyrrhiza with neuroprotective activities, on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). ISL produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of glutamate release and reduced the intraterminal [Ca2+] increase. The inhibition of glutamate release by ISL was prevented after removing extracellular Ca2+ or blocking P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. This inhibition was mediated through the γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors because ISL was unable to inhibit glutamate release in the presence of baclofen (an GABAB agonist) or CGP3548 (an GABAB antagonist) and docking data revealed that ISL interacted with GABAB receptors. Furthermore, the ISL inhibition of glutamate release was abolished through the inhibition of Gi/o-mediated responses or Gβγ subunits, but not by 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate or adenylate cyclase inhibition. The ISL inhibition of glutamate release was also abolished through the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), and ISL decreased the phosphorylation of PKC. Thus, we inferred that ISL, through GABAB receptor activation and Gβγ-coupled inhibition of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, suppressed the PKC phosphorylation to cause a decrease in evoked glutamate release at rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Pan-Chiao District, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Chiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Department of Nursing, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 22060, Taiwan; (K.-M.C.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-62-2905-3465; Fax: +88-62-2905-2096
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Mathew B, Parambi DGT, Sivasankarapillai VS, Uddin MS, Suresh J, Mathew GE, Joy M, Marathakam A, Gupta SV. Perspective Design of Chalcones for the Management of CNS Disorders: A Mini-Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:432-445. [PMID: 31187716 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190610111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of chalcone-based compounds for CNS disorders has been explored by many research groups. Chalcones are being considered as a potent organic scaffold with widespread applications in the field of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. The planar or semi-planar geometry of chalcones with various functionalities impinged on the terminal aromatic systems renders the molecule its bio-activity including anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antileishmanial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive properties, etc. Moreover, cutting-edge research has been executed in the domain of Central Nervous System (CNS) based scheme, further, their identification and classifications also remain of high interest in the field of medicinal chemistry but the specific reviews are limited. Hence, the present review highlights the significance of chalcones toward their CNS activities (up to 2019), which include anti-depressant activity, anxiolytic activity, activity with GABA receptors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) inhibitions, activity as adenosine receptor antagonists anti-Alzheimer's agents, β-amyloid plaques imaging agents, monoamine oxidase inhibition. To our knowledge, this is the first review exclusively for CNS activity profile of chalcones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad 678557, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jerad Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai 600004, India
| | | | - Monu Joy
- School of Pure & Applied Physics, M.G. University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Akash Marathakam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National College of Pharmacy, Calicut 673602, Kerala, India
| | - Sheeba Varghese Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
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Isoliquiritigenin Attenuates Anxiety-Like Behavior and Locomotor Sensitization in Rats after Repeated Exposure to Nicotine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9692321. [PMID: 32256666 PMCID: PMC7102418 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9692321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As important components of positive and negative reinforcement, locomotor sensitization and withdrawal anxiety following repeated exposure to nicotine (NIC) constitute crucial risk factors for relapse to NIC use after abstinence. Glycyrrhiza radix (G. radix), an important tonic used in traditional Oriental medicine, has not only anxiolytic effects but also reduces NIC-induced locomotor sensitization. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a bioactive ingredient of G. radix, also exhibits neuropharmacological effects, including anxiolytic action. Previously, we reported that ISL suppressed cocaine-induced extracellular dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens shell (NaccSh) and attenuated methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of ISL on both NIC withdrawal anxiety and locomotor sensitization. Adult male rats received subcutaneous administration of NIC hydrogen tartrate (0.4 mg/kg, twice a day) for 7 days followed by 4 days of withdrawal. During the period of NIC withdrawal, the rats received four intragastric treatments with ISL (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg/day). All three doses of ISL significantly inhibited NIC withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, but only the 10 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day ISL doses attenuated locomotor sensitization induced by a challenge dose of NIC. Intracerebroventricular ISL also inhibited both NIC-induced withdrawal anxiety and locomotor sensitization, but intra-NaccSh injection of ISL blocked only NIC locomotor sensitization, which was abolished by post-ISL infusion of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (an oxidant) or N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) into the NaccSh. Moreover, there was increased protein expression of phosphorylated Erk1/2 in the NIC-sensitized NaccSh, which was suppressed by ISL. Taken together, these results suggest that ISL can inhibit repeated NIC-induced withdrawal anxiety and locomotor sensitization, and the latter is mediated by antagonizing accumbal reactive oxygen species and NMDA receptor signaling.
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11
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Isoliquiritigenin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:41. [PMID: 31387531 PMCID: PMC6685153 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are central pathogenic mechanisms common to many neurological diseases. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid in licorice with multiple pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory activity, and has demonstrated protective efficacy against acute neural injury. However, potential actions against cognitive impairments have not been examined extensively. We established a rat model of cognitive impairment by intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and examined the effects of ISL pretreatment on cognitive function, hippocampal injury, and hippocampal expression of various synaptic proteins, antioxidant enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and signaling factors controlling anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory responses. Results Rats receiving LPS alone demonstrated spatial learning deficits in the Morris water maze test as evidenced by longer average escape latency, fewer platform crossings, and shorter average time in the target quadrant than untreated controls. ISL pretreatment reversed these deficits as well as LPS-induced decreases in the hippocampal expression levels of synaptophysin, postsynaptic density-95, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and BCL-2. ISL pretreatment also reversed LPS-induced increases in TUNEL-positive (apoptotic) cells, BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 3. Pretreatment with ISL increased the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-GSK-3β, nuclear NRF2, HO-1 mRNA, and NQO1 mRNA, and reversed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Conclusions ISL protects against LPS-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal injury by promoting or maintaining antioxidant capacity and suppressing neuroinflammation, likely through phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of GSK-3β, enhanced expression of NRF2-responsive antioxidant genes, and suppression of NF-κB-responsive pro-inflammatory genes.
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Ramalingam M, Kim H, Lee Y, Lee YI. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Role of Liquiritigenin and Isoliquiritigenin From Radix Glycyrrhizae in Human Health and Disease Models. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:348. [PMID: 30443212 PMCID: PMC6221911 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing lifespan in developed countries results in age-associated chronic diseases. Biological aging is a complex process associated with accumulated cellular damage by environmental or genetic factors with increasing age. Aging results in marked changes in brain structure and function. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases and disorders (NDDs) represent an ever-growing socioeconomic challenge and lead to an overall reduction in quality of life around the world. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are most common degenerative neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) in aging process. The low levels of acetylcholine and dopamine are major neuropathological feature of NDDs in addition to oxidative stress, intracellular calcium ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, ubiquitin-proteasome system impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Current treatments minimally influence these diseases and are ineffective in curing the multifunctional pathological mechanisms. Synthetic neuroprotective agents sometimes have negative reactions as an adverse effect in humans. Recently, numerous ethnobotanical studies have reported that herbal medicines for the treatment or prevention of NDDs are significantly better than synthetic drug treatment. Medicinal herbs have traditionally been used around the world for centuries. Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis or G. glabra or G. inflata from the Leguminosae/Fabaceae family. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine as a life enhancer, for the treatment of coughs and influenza, and for detoxification. Diverse chemical constituents from RG have reported including flavanones, chalcones, triterpenoid saponins, coumarines, and other glycosides. Among them, flavanone liquiritigenin (LG) and its precursor and isomer chalcone isoliquiritigenin (ILG) are the main bioactive constituents of RG. In the present review, we summarize evidence in the literature on the structure and phytochemical properties and pharmacological applications of LG and ILG in age-related diseases to establish new therapeutics to improve human health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea.,Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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Isoliquiritigenin attenuates glutamate-induced mitochondrial fission via calcineurin-mediated Drp1 dephosphorylation in HT22 hippocampal neuron cells. Neurotoxicology 2018; 68:133-141. [PMID: 30048666 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that glutamate toxicity is a major contributor to neuronal dysfunction and death in several neurodegenerative diseases. In our previous study, isoliquiritigenin (ISL) isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis showed neuroprotective effects against neuronal cell death mediated by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. However, the mechanisms by which ISL protects against glutamate-induced oxidative stress are unknown. In the present study, we focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of ROS production and induction of mitochondrial dysfunction by ISL in glutamate-stimulated HT22 mouse hippocampal neuron cells. The results revealed that ISL inhibited glutamate-induced mitochondrial ROS production and decline of glutathione levels and ATP generation in HT22 cells. Interestingly, we discovered that ISL prevents glutamate-induced mitochondrial fission by inhibiting the dephosphorylation of Drp1 at the serine 637 residue, which is a regulatory factor of mitochondrial dynamics, and both a S637D mutation of Drp1, which resulted in a phosphorylation-mimetic form of Drp1 at Ser637, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO inhibited glutamate-induced mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, ISL also prevented the increase of intracellular calcium accompanied by activation of calcineurin, which is a key regulator of dephosphorylation of Drp1 (Ser637), in glutamate-treated HT22 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ISL protects against glutamate-induced mitochondrial fission by inhibiting the increase of mitochondrial ROS and intracellular calcium, which are accompanied by dephosphorylation of Drp1 (Ser637), and consequently attenuates glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. Therefore, these findings suggest that ISL exhibits the potential for protection against glutamate toxicity. These results may contribute to the development of new drugs and novel strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders related to glutamate toxicity.
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Kundu P, Korol DL, Bandara S, Monaikul S, Ondera CE, Helferich WG, Khan IA, Doerge DR, Schantz SL. Licorice root components mimic estrogens in an object location task but not an object recognition task. Horm Behav 2018; 103:97-106. [PMID: 29920269 PMCID: PMC6086590 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of components of licorice root to alter performance on two different recognition tasks, a hippocampus-sensitive metric change in object location (MCOL) task and a striatum-sensitive double object recognition (DOR) task. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), licorice root extract (LRE), and whole licorice root powder (LRP) were assessed. Young adult female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and exposed to ISL, LRE or LRP at 0.075%, 0.5% or 5% respectively in the diet. An estradiol group was included as a positive control based on our prior findings. Rats were allowed to explore two objects for three 5-min study trials (separated by 3-min intervals) before a fourth 5-min test trial where the objects were moved closer together (MCOL task) or replaced with two new objects (DOR task). Rats typically habituate to the objects across the three study trials. An increase in object exploration time in the test trial suggests the rat detected the change. Estradiol improved MCOL performance and impaired DOR performance, similar to previously shown effects of estradiol and other estrogens, which tend to improve learning and memory on hippocampus-sensitive tasks and impair striatum-sensitive cognition. LRP had no effect on recognition while exposure to ISL and LRE improved MCOL performance. Exposure to ISL, LRE and LRP failed to attenuate DOR, contrary to effects of estradiol shown here and to previous reports in young-adult OVX rats. These findings suggest components of licorice root may prove to be effective therapies targeting memory enhancement without unintended deleterious cognitive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Kundu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Donna L Korol
- Syracuse University, Department of Biology, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Suren Bandara
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Supida Monaikul
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Caitlin E Ondera
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
| | - William G Helferich
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 905 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- The University of Mississippi, 1558 University Circle, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Daniel R Doerge
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Susan L Schantz
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Neuroscience Program, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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15
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Zhao ZL, Kim SC, Liu HF, Wu YY, Li LB, Wang YH, Jiao Y, Fan Y, Lee CW, Lee BH, Cho IJ, Yang CH, Zhao RJ. Blockade of nicotine sensitization by methanol extracts of Glycyrrhizae radix mediated via antagonism of accumbal oxidative stress. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:493. [PMID: 29145840 PMCID: PMC5691594 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that a methanol extract of Glycyrrhizae radix (MEGR) blocked methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference in rats. In the present study, the effects of MEGR on repeated nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization and enhanced extracellular dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) were evaluated. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received repeated administrations of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneous) or saline twice a day for 7 d and were challenged with nicotine 4 d after the last daily dosing. During the 4-d withdrawal period, the rats were treated once a day with MEGR (60 or 180 mg/kg/d). Extracellular DA levels were measured by in vivo microdialysis, the malondialdehyde levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the Nacc were biochemically evaluated, and the expression of antioxidant proteins was confirmed by Western blot assays. All data were assessed with analysis of variance tests followed by post-hoc comparison tests and p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The expression of repeated nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization was dose-dependently attenuated by MEGR, and 180 mg/kg/d MEGR significantly inhibited augmented accumbal DA release induced by a direct local challenge of nicotine. Moreover, 180 mg/kg/d MEGR reversed increases in malondialdehyde production, decreases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and the reduced expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 in the nicotine-sensitized Nacc. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MEGR inhibited nicotine-induced locomotion and dopaminergic sensitization via antioxidant action.
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Zeng J, Chen Y, Ding R, Feng L, Fu Z, Yang S, Deng X, Xie Z, Zheng S. Isoliquiritigenin alleviates early brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage via suppressing ROS- and/or NF-κB-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:119. [PMID: 28610608 PMCID: PMC5470182 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) induces potently oxidative stress responses and inflammatory processes. Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) is a flavonoid with a chalcone structure and can activate nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant system, negatively regulate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathways, but its role and potential molecular mechanisms in the pathology following ICH remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effects of ILG after ICH and underlying mechanisms. METHODS ICH model was induced by collagenase IV (0.2 U in 1 μl sterile normal saline) in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 280-320 g. Different doses of ILG (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally at 30 min, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after modeling, respectively. Rats were intracerebroventricularly administrated with control scramble small interfering RNA (siRNA) or Nrf2 siRNA at 24 h before ICH induction, and after 24 h, ICH model was established with or without ILG (20 mg/kg) treatment. All rats were dedicated at 24 or 72 h after ICH. Neurological deficits, histological damages, brain water content (BWC), blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and neuronal degeneration were evaluated; quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were carried out; catalase, superoxide dismutase activities and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione/oxidized glutathione contents were measured. RESULTS ILG (20 and 40 mg/kg) markedly alleviated neurological deficits, histological damages, BBB disruption, brain edema, and neuronal degeneration, but there was no significant difference between two dosages. ILG (20 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways and activated Nrf2-mediated antioxidant system. Gene silencing of Nrf2 aggravated the neurological deficits, brain edema, and neuronal degeneration and increased the protein levels of NF-κB p65, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and IL-1β. ILG delivery significantly attenuated the effects of Nrf2 siRNA interference mentioned above. CONCLUSIONS Intraperitoneal administration of ILG after ICH reduced early brain impairments and neurological deficits, and the mechanisms were involved in the regulation of ROS and/or NF-κB on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by the triggering of Nrf2 activity and Nrf2-induced antioxidant system. In addition, our experimental results may make ILG a potential candidate for a novel therapeutical strategy for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenghao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gaoqing Campus of Central Hospital of Zibo, Gaoqing People's Hospital, Gaoqing, Zibo, 256300, Shandong, China
| | - Xinqing Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, 999 Brain Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510510, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhichong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
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17
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Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemical Constituents. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120246 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra is one of the most popular medicinal plants and it has been used in traditional herbal remedy since ancient times (Blumenthal et al. in Herbal medicine: expanded commission E monographs. Integrative Medicine Communications, Newton, 2000; Parvaiz et al. in Global J Pharmocol 8(1):8–13, 2014; Altay et al. in J Plant Res 129(6):1021–1032, 2016). Many experimental, pharmacological and clinical studies show that liquorice has antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihepatotoxic, antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-hemorrhoid antihyperglycemic, antidiuretic, antinephritic, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anticytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and blood stopper activity.
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Fan Y, Fu Y, Fu Q, Cai J, Xin H, Dai M, Jin Y. Purification of flavonoids from licorice using an off-line preparative two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography/reversed-phase liquid chromatography method. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2710-9. [PMID: 27214649 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An orthogonal (71.9%) off-line preparative two-dimensional normal-phase liquid chromatography/reversed-phase liquid chromatography method coupled with effective sample pretreatment was developed for separation and purification of flavonoids from licorice. Most of the nonflavonoids were firstly removed using a self-made Click TE-Cys (60 μm) solid-phase extraction. In the first dimension, an industrial grade preparative chromatography was employed to purify the crude flavonoids. Click TE-Cys (10 μm) was selected as the stationary phase that provided an excellent separation with high reproducibility. Ethyl acetate/ethanol was selected as the mobile phase owing to their excellent solubility for flavonoids. Flavonoids co-eluted in the first dimension were selected for further purification using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Multiple compounds could be isolated from one normal-phase fraction and some compounds with bad resolution in one-dimensional liquid chromatography could be prepared in this two-dimensional system owing to the orthogonal separation. Moreover, this two-dimensional liquid chromatography method was beneficial for the preparation of relatively trace flavonoid compounds, which were enriched in the first dimension and further purified in the second dimension. Totally, 24 flavonoid compounds with high purity were obtained. The results demonstrated that the off-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography method was effective for the preparative separation and purification of flavonoids from licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Fu
- Hai Nan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huaxia Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Mei Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Supermolecular Structure of Isoliquiritigenin and 6-O-α-D-Maltosyl-β-cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17999-8017. [PMID: 26247946 PMCID: PMC4581232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ILTG) possesses many pharmacological properties. However, its poor solubility and stability in water hinders its wide applications. The solubility of bioactive compounds can often be enhanced through preparation and delivery of various cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexes. The 6-O-α-d-maltosyl-β-CD (G2-β-CD), as one of the newest developments of CDs, has high aqueous solubility and low toxicity, especially stable inclusion characteristics with bioactive compounds. In this work, we for the first time construct and characterize the supermolecular structure of ILTG/G2-β-CD by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The solubility of ILTG in water at 25 °C rises from 0.003 to 0.717 mg/mL by the encapsulation with G2-β-CD. Our experimental observations on the presence of the ILTG/G2-β-CD inclusion complex are further supported by the ONIOM(our Own N-layer Integrated Orbital molecular Mechanics)-based QM/MM (Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics) calculations, typically substantiating these supermolecular characteristics, such as detailed structural assignments, preferred binding orientations, selectivity, solvent effects, interaction energies and forces of the ILTG/G2-β-CD inclusion complex. Our results have elucidated how ILTG interacts with G2-β-CD, demonstrating the primary host-guest interactions between ILTG and G2-β-CD, characterized by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic forces, and conformational effects, are favored for the formation of the ILTG/G2-β-CD inclusion.
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Peng F, Du Q, Peng C, Wang N, Tang H, Xie X, Shen J, Chen J. A Review: The Pharmacology of Isoliquiritigenin. Phytother Res 2015; 29:969-77. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 610075 China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology; Chengdu 610075 China
| | - Qiaohui Du
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 610075 China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology; Chengdu 610075 China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 610075 China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology; Chengdu 610075 China
| | - Neng Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Hailin Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 610075 China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology; Chengdu 610075 China
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Glycyrrhizae radix methanol extract attenuates methamphetamine-induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:152063. [PMID: 25386216 PMCID: PMC4214053 DOI: 10.1155/2014/152063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix modulates the neurochemical and locomotor alterations induced by acute psychostimulants in rodents via GABAb receptors. This study investigated the influence of methanol extract from Glycyrrhizae Radix (MEGR) on repeated methamphetamine- (METH-) induced locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference (CPP). A cohort of rats was treated with METH (1 mg/kg/day) for 6 consecutive days, subjected to 6 days of withdrawal, and then challenged with the same dose of METH to induce locomotor sensitization; during the withdrawal period, the rats were administered MEGR (60 or 180 mg/kg/day). A separate cohort of rats was treated with either METH or saline every other day for 6 days in METH-paired or saline-paired chambers, respectively, to induce CPP. These rats were also administered MEGR (180 mg/kg) prior to every METH or CPP expression test. Pretreatment with MEGR (60 and 180 mg/kg/day) attenuated the expression of METH-induced locomotor sensitization dose-dependently, and 180 mg/kg MEGR significantly inhibited the development and expression of METH-induced CPP. Furthermore, administration of a selective GABAb receptor antagonist (SCH50911) prior to MEGR treatment effectively blocked the inhibitory effects of MEGR on locomotor sensitization, but not CPP. These results suggest that Glycyrrhizae Radix blocked repeated METH-induced behavioral changes via GABAb receptors.
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22
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Woo J, Cho S, Lee CJ. Isoliquiritigenin, a chalcone compound, enhances spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic response. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:163-8. [PMID: 24963281 PMCID: PMC4065830 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ILTG) is a chalcone compound and shows various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In recent study, we have reported a novel role of ILTG in sleep through a positive allosteric modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA)-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors. However, the effect of ILTG in GABAAR-mediated synaptic response in brain has not been tested yet. Here we report that ILTG significantly prolonged the decay of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) mediated by GABAAR in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons without affecting amplitude and frequency of sIPSCs. This enhancement was fully inhibited by flumazenil (FLU), a specific GABAA-BZD receptor antagonist. These results suggest a potential role of ILTG as a modulator of GABAergic synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsung Woo
- Center for Neural Science and Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea. ; Neuroscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neural Science and Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Korea. ; Neuroscience Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-350, Korea
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23
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Kao TC, Wu CH, Yen GC. Bioactivity and potential health benefits of licorice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:542-53. [PMID: 24377378 DOI: 10.1021/jf404939f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Licorice is an herbal plant named for its unique sweet flavor. It is widely used in the food and tobacco industries as a sweetener. Licorice is also used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and complementary medicine. Because the use of licorice has long been a part of TCM, the details of its therapeutic applications have been thoroughly established. In modern science, licorice is of interest because of its broad range of applications. Extracts of and compounds isolated from licorice have been well studied and biologically characterized. In this review, we discuss the nutraceutical and functional activities of licorice as well as those of the extracts of and the isolated compounds from licorice, including agents with anti-inflammatory activity, cell-protective abilities, and chemopreventive effects. The side effects of licorice are also enumerated. A comparison of the activities of licorice described by modern science and TCM is also presented, revealing the correspondence of certain characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chien Kao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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24
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Kim DH, Yang CH, Hwang M. Sauchinone blocks methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and place preference in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1071-1075. [PMID: 23809251 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sauchinone is a phytochemical known as a nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor. NO is a kind of neurotransmitter and involved in psychotic effect of abuse drug. In present, we carried out a study on the effect of sauchinone on methamphetamine-induced alteration of behavior in mice. Locomotory activity and conditioned place preference (CPP) were used to evaluate behavioral changes. As a result, sauchinone inhibited the methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in dose-dependent manner, whereas sauchinone had no effect on normal locomotory activity. The inhibitory effect of sauchinone on methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion was reversed by treatment of molsidomine, a NO donor. Sauchinone also significantly blocked the acquisition and expression of CPP induced by methamphetamine in mouse. However, it did not produce place preference or place aversion, when it was treated alone in animals. Taken together, sauchinone blocked drug reward-related behavior as well as acute hyperlocomotion induced by methamphetamine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahn Hyo Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-060, South Korea
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25
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Simmler C, Hajirahimkhan A, Lankin DC, Bolton JL, Jones T, Soejarto DD, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Dynamic residual complexity of the isoliquiritigenin-liquiritigenin interconversion during bioassay. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2146-57. [PMID: 23427769 PMCID: PMC3728173 DOI: 10.1021/jf304445p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive components in food plants can undergo dynamic processes that involve multiple chemical species. For example, 2'-hydroxychalcones can readily isomerize into flavanones. Although chemically well documented, this reaction has barely been explored in the context of cell-based assays. The present time-resolved study fills this gap by investigating the isomerization of isoliquiritigenin (a 2'-hydroxychalcone) and liquiritigenin (a flavanone) in two culture media (Dulbecco's modified eagle medium and Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium) with and without MCF-7 cells, using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionization/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry for analysis. Both compounds were isomerized and epimerized under all investigated biological conditions, leading to mixtures of isoliquiritigenin and R/S-liquiritigenin, with 19.6% R enantiomeric excess. Consequently, all three species can potentially modulate the biological responses. This exemplifies dynamic residual complexity and demonstrates how both nonchiral reactions and enantiomeric discrimination can occur in bioassay media, with or without cells. The findings highlight the importance of controlling in situ chemical reactivity, influenced by biological systems when evaluating the mode of action of bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guido F. Pauli
- Corresponding author: Tel: +1 (312) 355-1949, Fax: +1 (312) 355-2693,
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26
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Yang EJ, Min JS, Ku HY, Choi HS, Park MK, Kim MK, Song KS, Lee DS. Isoliquiritigenin isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis protects neuronal cells against glutamate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:658-64. [PMID: 22538371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), is hypothesized to be a major contributor to pathological cell death in the mammalian central nervous system, and to be involved in many acute and chronic brain diseases. Here, we showed that isoliquiritigenin (ISL) isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis (Gu), one of the most frequently prescribed oriental herbal medicines, protected HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells from glutamate-induced oxidative stress. In addition, we clarified the molecular mechanisms by which it protects against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. ISL reversed glutamate-induced ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization, as well as glutamate-induced changes in expression of the apoptotic regulators Bcl-2 and Bax. Pretreatment of HT22 cells with ISL suppresses the release of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria into the cytosol. Taken together, our results suggest that ISL may protect against mitochondrial dysfunction by limiting glutamate-induced oxidative stress. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ISL isolated from Gu has protective effects against glutamate-induced mitochondrial damage and hippocampal neuronal cell death. We expect ISL to be useful in the development of drugs to prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Yang
- BK21 Research Team for Developing Functional Health and Food Materials, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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27
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The Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid, a Major Metabolite of Glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza Root, a Constituent of the Traditional Japanese Medicine Yokukansan. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:1139-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jang EY, Hwang M, Yoon SS, Lee JR, Kim KJ, Kim HC, Yang CH. Liquiritigenin decreases selective molecular and behavioral effects of cocaine in rodents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2011; 9:30-4. [PMID: 21886557 PMCID: PMC3137196 DOI: 10.2174/157015911795017371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine, as an indirect dopamine agonist, induces selective behavioral and physiological events such as hyperlocomotion and dopamine release. These changes are considered as consequences of cocaine-induced molecular adaptation such as CREB and c-Fos. Recently, methanolic extracts from licorice was reported to decrease cocaine-induced dopamine release and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens. In the present study, we investigated the effects of liquiritigenin (LQ), a main compound of licorice, on acute cocaine-induced behavioral and molecular changes in rats. LQ attenuated acute cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion in dose-dependent manner. In addition, LQ inhibited CREB phosphorylation and c-Fos expression in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens induced by acute cocaine. Results provide strong evidence that LQ effectively attenuates the acute behavioral effects of cocaine exposure and prevents the induction of selective neuroadaptive changes in dopaminergic signaling pathways. Further investigation of LQ from licorice extract might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 706-828, South Korea
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29
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Cho S, Kim S, Jin Z, Yang H, Han D, Baek NI, Jo J, Cho CW, Park JH, Shimizu M, Jin YH. Isoliquiritigenin, a chalcone compound, is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors and shows hypnotic effects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 413:637-42. [PMID: 21945440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ILTG) is a chalcone compound and has valuable pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiallergic activities. Recently, the anxiolytic effect of ILTG has been reported; however, its action mechanism and hypnotic activity have not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, we investigated the hypnotic effect and action mechanism of ILTG. ILTG significantly potentiated the pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice at doses of 25 and 50mg/kg. The hypnotic activity of ILTG was fully inhibited by flumazenil (FLU), a specific gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A))-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor antagonist. The binding affinity of ILTG was 0.453 μM and was found to be higher than that of the reference compound, diazepam (DZP, 0.012 μM). ILTG (10(-5)M) potentiated GABA-evoked currents to 151% of the control level on isolated dorsal raphe neurons. ILTG has 65 times higher affinity for GABA(A)-BZD receptors than DZP, and the dissociation constant for ILTG was 4.0 × 10(-10)M. The effect of ILTG on GABA currents was blocked by 10(-7)M FLU and ZK-93426. These results suggest that ILTG produces hypnotic effects by positive allosteric modulation of GABA(A)-BZD receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suengmok Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 463-746, Republic of Korea
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30
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Wang JG, Wu L, Zhong CJ, Ouyang ZH, Yi DL. (E)-1-(2,4-Dihy-droxy-phen-yl)-3-(4-hydroxy-phen-yl)prop-2-en-1-one monohydrate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o732. [PMID: 21522472 PMCID: PMC3052009 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811006271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(15)H(12)O(4)·H(2)O, the two benzene rings are not coplanar, making a dihedral angle of 7.24 (16)°. An intra-molecular hy-droxy-carbonyl O-H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal, four inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the hy-droxy residues, the carbonyl group and the water mol-ecule lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network. The supra-molecular structure is further stabilized by weak C-H⋯O inter-actions.
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31
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Kim YM, Kim TH, Kim YW, Yang YM, Ryu DH, Hwang SJ, Lee JR, Kim SC, Kim SG. Inhibition of liver X receptor-α-dependent hepatic steatosis by isoliquiritigenin, a licorice antioxidant flavonoid, as mediated by JNK1 inhibition. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1722-34. [PMID: 20840863 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (ILQ), a flavonoid obtained from Glycyrrhizae species, has an antioxidant effect. This study investigated the potential of ILQ for inhibiting liver X receptor-α (LXRα)-mediated lipogenesis and steatosis in hepatocytes and its underlying molecular basis. Treatment with ILQ antagonized the ability of an LXRα agonist (T0901317) to activate sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), thereby repressing transcription of fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1. ILQ treatment inhibited activating phosphorylation of JNK1 elicited by palmitate or TNFα. JNK1, but not JNK2, increased LXRα phosphorylation at serine residues, promoting LXRα activation. The ability of ILQ to inhibit JNK1 downstream of ASK1-MKK7 led to the repression of T0901317-inducible LXRα and SREBP-1c activation. In mice fed a high-fat diet, ILQ treatment inhibited hepatic steatosis, as shown by a decrease in fat accumulation and repression of lipogenic genes. The results of blood biochemistry and histopathology confirmed attenuation of high-fat diet-induced liver injury by ILQ. Moreover, ILQ inhibited oxidative stress, as indicated by decreases in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance formation, iNOS and COX2 induction, and nitrotyrosinylation. Our results demonstrate that ILQ has the ability to repress LXRα-dependent hepatic steatosis through JNK1 inhibition and protect hepatocytes from oxidative injury inflicted by fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Mi Kim
- Innovative Drug Research Center for Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Nguyen TL, You IJ, Oh S, Yang CH, Lee SY, Jang CG. Assessment of the rewarding effects of dimenhydrinate using the conditioned place preference paradigm in mice. Neurosci Lett 2010; 471:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Lee MJ, Yang CH, Jeon JP, Hwang M. Protective Effects of Isoliquiritigenin Against Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111:216-20. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09153sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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34
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Jeon JP, Buono RJ, Han BG, Jang EY, Kim SC, Yang CH, Hwang M. Proteomic and Behavioral Analysis of Response to Isoliquiritigenin in Brains of Acute Cocaine Treated Rats. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:5094-102. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800237s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Pil Jeon
- The Research Center for Biomedical Resource of Oriental Medicine Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, Korea BioBank, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea, Department of Physiology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, and Research Service, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19320
| | - Russell J. Buono
- The Research Center for Biomedical Resource of Oriental Medicine Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, Korea BioBank, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea, Department of Physiology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, and Research Service, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19320
| | - Bok Ghee Han
- The Research Center for Biomedical Resource of Oriental Medicine Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, Korea BioBank, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea, Department of Physiology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, and Research Service, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19320
| | - Eun Young Jang
- The Research Center for Biomedical Resource of Oriental Medicine Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, Korea BioBank, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea, Department of Physiology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, and Research Service, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19320
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- The Research Center for Biomedical Resource of Oriental Medicine Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, Korea BioBank, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea, Department of Physiology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, and Research Service, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19320
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- The Research Center for Biomedical Resource of Oriental Medicine Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, Korea BioBank, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea, Department of Physiology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, and Research Service, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19320
| | - Meeyul Hwang
- The Research Center for Biomedical Resource of Oriental Medicine Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, Korea BioBank, National Institute of Health, Seoul, Korea, Department of Physiology, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, South Korea, and Research Service, Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19320
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