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Li X, Zhou X, Huang Z, Chen K, Jiang X, Lai R, Li Z. Study on the mechanism of naringin in promoting bone differentiation: In vitro and in vivo study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24906. [PMID: 38312545 PMCID: PMC10834819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoporosis is a common clinical bone disease that occurs most frequently in middle-aged and elderly people. Various traditional herbal medicine formulations have shown significant benefits in models of osteoporosis. In this study, we aim to investigate the osteogenic efficacy of naringin (NRG) in the osteoporotic state. Design We treated Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with various concentrations of NRG for 3 and 7 days. BMSC proliferation was measured by the MTT assay. The effect of NRG on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was detected by ALP and alizarin red staining. The effect of NRG on the BMP2/Runx2/Osterix signaling pathway was analyzed by using real-time PCR. The effect of NRG on the oestrogen receptor was measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vivo animal experiments were performed by micro-computed tomography and ALP immunohistochemistry to determine the ectopic osteogenic effect of NRG sustained-release nanoparticles in a mouse model of osteoporosis. Results NRG promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Moreover, it also activated the BMP2/Runx2/Osterix signaling pathway. When NRG sustained-release nanoparticles were added in vivo in animal experiments, we found that NRG sustained-release nanoparticles had better ectopic osteogenic effects in a mouse model of osteoporosis. Conclusions NRG induced osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs by activating the BMP2/Runx2/Osterix signaling pathway and promoted the regulation of oestrogen receptor pathway protein expression, and NRG sustained-release nanoparticles exerted a more significant in vivo ectopic osteogenic effect in an osteoporosis mouse model. Therefore, naringin is expected to be developed as a novel treatment for inducing osteogenesis, because of its ubiquitous, cost-efficient, and biologically active characteristics. However, further research is needed on how to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of naringin and its specific mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- School of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhanyu Huang
- School of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexiao Chen
- School of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrong Jiang
- School of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renfa Lai
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Ezzat MAF, Abdelhamid SM, Fouad MA, Abdel-Aziz HA, Allam HA. Design, synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of novel phthalazinone-based derivatives as promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1231-1246. [PMID: 37243322 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Twenty novel phthalazinone-based compounds were designed as acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitors. Compounds 7e and 17c demonstrated comparable or superior activity compared to donepezil, respectively, in in vitro enzyme assay. Moreover, both compounds 7e and 17c possess minimal toxicity on hepatic and neuroblastoma cell lines. Besides, it was proved that compounds 7e and 17c have percentage alternations and a transfer latency time comparable to donepezil and can alleviate the cognitive impairment caused by the scopolamine-induced model in mice. The kinetic analysis for compound 17c suggested this compound as a mixed-type inhibitor that could bind to both the peripheral (PAS) and the catalytic site (CAS) of the hAChE enzyme. The synthesized molecules were subjected to in silico analyses, including molecular docking studies, and the outcomes were consistent with the in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marwa A Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Aloe vera gel as a stimulant for mesenchymal stem cells differentiation and a natural therapy for radiation induced liver damage. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Yu X, Shen G, Shang Q, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Zhang P, Liang D, Ren H, Jiang X. A Naringin-loaded gelatin-microsphere/nano-hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin composite scaffold promoted healing of critical-size vertebral defects in ovariectomised rat. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:510-518. [PMID: 34710477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of three-dimensional of naringin/gelatin microspheres/nano-hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin (NG/GMs/nHA/SF) scaffolds on repair of a critical-size bone defect of lumbar 6 in osteoporotic rats. In this work, a cell-free scaffold for bone-tissue engineering based on a silk fibroin (SF)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffold was developed. The scaffold was fabricated by lyophilization. Naringin (NG) was loaded into gelatin microspheres (GMs), which were encapsulated in the nHA/SF scaffolds. The materials were characterized using x ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the biomechanics, degradation, and drug-release profile of the scaffold were also evaluated. In vitro, the effect of the scaffold on the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was evaluated. In vivo, at 3 months after ovariectomy, a critical-size lumbar defect was indued in the rats to evaluate scaffold therapeutic potential. A 3-mm defect in L6 developed in 60 SD rats, which were randomly divided into SF scaffold, nHA/SF scaffold, NG/nHA/SF scaffold, NG/GMs/nHA/SF scaffold, and blank groups (n = 12 each). At 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks postoperatively, osteogenesis was evaluated by X-ray, micro-computed tomography, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and fast green staining, and by analysis of BMP-2, Runx2, and Ocn protein levels at 16 weeks. In our results, NG/GM/nHA/SF scaffolds exhibited good biocompatibility, biomechanical strength, and promoted BMSC adhesion, proliferation, and calcium nodule formation in vitro. Moreover, NG/GMs/nHA/SF scaffolds showed greater osteogenic differentiation potential than the other scaffolds in vitro. In vivo, gradual new bone formation was observed, and bone defects recovered by 16 weeks in the experimental group. In the blank group, limited bone formation was observed, and the bone defect was obvious. In conclusion, NG/GMs/nHA/SF scaffolds promoted repair of a lumbar 6 defect in osteoporotic rats. Therefore, the NG/GMs/nHA/SF biocomposite scaffold has potential as a bone-defect-filling biomaterial for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyang Shen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shang
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Liang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China..
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Sharma A, Bhardwaj P, Arya SK. Naringin: A potential natural product in the field of biomedical applications. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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6
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Mekky AEM, Sanad SMH, El-Idreesy TT. New thiazole and thiazole-chromene hybrids possessing morpholine units: Piperazine-mediated one-pot synthesis of potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1970774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Faculty of Science , Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif M. H. Sanad
- Faculty of Science , Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tamer T. El-Idreesy
- Faculty of Science , Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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Developmental nicotine exposure impairs memory and reduces acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus of mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 176:1-7. [PMID: 34358612 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is a strong psychoactive and addictive compound found in tobacco. Use of nicotine in the form of smoking, vaping or other less common methods during pregnancy has been shown to be related to poor health conditions, including cognitive problems, in babies and children. However, mechanisms of such cognitive deficits are not fully understood. In this study we analyzed hippocampus dependent cognitive deficits using a mouse model of developmental nicotine exposure. Pregnant dams were exposed to nicotine and experiments were performed in one month old offspring. Our results show that nicotine exposure did not affect locomotor behavior in mice. Hippocampus dependent working memory and object location memory were diminished in nicotine exposed mice. Furthermore, acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus of nicotine exposed mice were reduced along with reduced activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Analysis of transcripts for proteins that are known to regulate acetylcholine levels revealed a decline in mRNA levels of high affinity choline transporters in the hippocampus of nicotine exposed mice but those of vesicular acetylcholine transporter, choline acetyltransferase, and α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were not altered. These results suggest that developmental nicotine exposure impairs hippocampus dependent memory forms and this effect is likely mediated by altered cholinergic function.
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8
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Mekky AEM, Sanad SMH. Synthesis and in vitro study of new coumarin derivatives linked to nicotinonitrile moieties as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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9
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM. Novel nicotinonitrile-coumarin hybrids as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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El-Sayed NAE, Farag AES, Ezzat MAF, Akincioglu H, Gülçin İ, Abou-Seri SM. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel pyrrolizine-based compounds with potential activity as cholinesterase inhibitors and anti-Alzheimer's agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Tang KS. The cellular and molecular processes associated with scopolamine-induced memory deficit: A model of Alzheimer's biomarkers. Life Sci 2019; 233:116695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase to Activate Pleiotropic Prodrugs with Therapeutic Interest in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152786. [PMID: 31370232 PMCID: PMC6696315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease which is still poorly understood. The drugs currently used against AD, mainly acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI), are considered clinically insufficient and are responsible for deleterious side effects. AChE is, however, currently receiving renewed interest through the discovery of a chaperone role played in the pathogenesis of AD. But AChE could also serve as an activating protein for pleiotropic prodrugs. Indeed, inhibiting central AChE with brain-penetrating designed carbamates which are able to covalently bind to the enzyme and to concomitantly liberate active metabolites in the brain could constitute a clinically more efficient approach which, additionally, is less likely to cause peripheral side effects. We aim in this article to pave the road of this new avenue with an in vitro and in vivo study of pleiotropic prodrugs targeting both the 5-HT4 receptor and AChE, in order to display a neuroprotective activity associated with a sustained restoration of the cholinergic neurotransmission and without the usual peripheral side effects associated with classic AChEI. This plural activity could bring to AD patients effective, relatively safe, symptomatic and disease-modifying therapeutic benefits.
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13
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Mohamed LW, Abuel-Maaty SM, Mohammed WA, Galal MA. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new oxopyrrolidine derivatives as inhibitors of acetyl cholinesterase and β amyloid protein as anti – Alzheimer’s agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:210-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Patil SA, Patil R, Patil SA. Recent developments in biological activities of indanones. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:182-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Menezes JCJMDS. Arylidene indanone scaffold: medicinal chemistry and structure–activity relationship view. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28613e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arylidene indanone (AI) scaffolds are considered as the rigid cousins of chalcones, incorporating the α,β-unsaturated ketone system of chalcones forming a cyclic 5 membered ring.
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16
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Košak U, Brus B, Knez D, Šink R, Žakelj S, Trontelj J, Pišlar A, Šlenc J, Gobec M, Živin M, Tratnjek L, Perše M, Sałat K, Podkowa A, Filipek B, Nachon F, Brazzolotto X, Więckowska A, Malawska B, Stojan J, Raščan IM, Kos J, Coquelle N, Colletier JP, Gobec S. Development of an in-vivo active reversible butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39495. [PMID: 28000737 PMCID: PMC5175178 DOI: 10.1038/srep39495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by severe basal forebrain cholinergic deficit, which results in progressive and chronic deterioration of memory and cognitive functions. Similar to acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) contributes to the termination of cholinergic neurotransmission. Its enzymatic activity increases with the disease progression, thus classifying BChE as a viable therapeutic target in advanced AD. Potent, selective and reversible human BChE inhibitors were developed. The solved crystal structure of human BChE in complex with the most potent inhibitor reveals its binding mode and provides the molecular basis of its low nanomolar potency. Additionally, this compound is noncytotoxic and has neuroprotective properties. Furthermore, this inhibitor moderately crosses the blood-brain barrier and improves memory, cognitive functions and learning abilities of mice in a model of the cholinergic deficit that characterizes AD, without producing acute cholinergic adverse effects. Our study provides an advanced lead compound for developing drugs for alleviating symptoms caused by cholinergic hypofunction in advanced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Košak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Brus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Šink
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Žakelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Trontelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Šlenc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Živin
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Larisa Tratnjek
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Perše
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Florian Nachon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Anna Więckowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jure Stojan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicolas Coquelle
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France.,CEA, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques-Philippe Colletier
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France.,CEA, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zee KY, Chan PS, Ho JCS, Lai SML, Corbet EF, Leung WK. Adjunctive use of modified Yunu-Jian in the non-surgical treatment of male smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Chin Med 2016; 11:40. [PMID: 27660650 PMCID: PMC5028984 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yunu-Jian (YJ) is a Chinese medicine (CM) heat purging formula, which is used to reduce wei huo (stomach-heat, SH) and enrich shen yin (kidney-yin, KY). This formula is also commonly used to manage diabetes mellitus and gum/oral inflammation. The activity of YJ can be modified or refined by the addition of other CM herbs and/or minor changes to one of its five key ingredients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive use of modified YJ (mYJ) or YJ containing additional osteoblast-stimulating and inflammation-modulating CM herbs in the non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers with chronic periodontitis in a randomized, double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study. Methods Healthy adult male smokers with untreated chronic periodontitis who showed CM syndrome of SH and KY deficiency (KYD) whilst attending a dental teaching hospital from October to December, 2005, were invited to participate in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The trial itself involved the once-daily oral administration of a placebo or mYJ for 3 months as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Several periodontal parameters, including radiographic alveolar bone density, were measured by computer-assisted densitometric image analysis (CADIA) on selected sites, and CM signs of SH and KYD were followed from their baseline values to various time points up to 12 months or the end of study. Results Twenty-five smokers (consumed 25.0 ± 15.3 smoking-pack years, ranged 7.5–80; aged 46.3 ± 6.8 years) with periodontitis and SH and KYD were recruited (Placebo, n = 14; mYJ, n = 11). All of the participants showed good tolerance towards the CM recipe. All of the periodontal parameters had improved after 12-month follow-up, and no statistically significant differences were detected between the control group and test group, except for the higher CADIA values observed compared with the baseline at 12 months for test sites (P = 0.025). 4/3/3 test vs 14/13/13 control participants had persisting SH and KYD at 6, 9 and 12 months (P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions The adjunctive use of mYJ preserved the post-treatment increases in the radiographic alveolar bone density at the study sites and led to an overall improvement in SH and KYD compared with the controls. Trial registration HKU Clinical Trial Register, HKCTR-1848 (www.hkuctr.com/Study/Show/3acbf983831244d29d50b543540bf6e9) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-016-0111-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Yat Zee
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Pui Sze Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | | | | | | | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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Cao X, Lin W, Liang C, Zhang D, Yang F, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Feng J, Chen C. Naringin rescued the TNF-α-induced inhibition of osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by depressing the activation of NF-кB signaling pathway. Immunol Res 2016; 62:357-67. [PMID: 26032685 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Naringin exhibits antiinflammatory activity and is shown to induce bone formation. Yet the impact of naringin on inflammation-affected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC), a promising tool for the regenerative treatment of bone injury, remained to be investigated. We first cultured and characterized the BM-MSCs in vitro and observe the effects of treatments of TNF-α, naringin, or the combination of both on osteogenic differentiation. TNF-α administered at the concentration of 20 ng/ml results in significant reductions in MSC's cell survival, alkaline phosphatase activity and expressions of two osteogenic genes, Runx2 and Osx. Simultaneous treatment of both TNF-α and naringin is able to rescue such reductions. Further mechanistic studies indicate that TNF-α treatment activates the NF-кB signaling pathway, evidenced by elevated p-IкBα level as well as the increased nuclear fraction of NF-кB subunit, p65. Finally, treatment with both TNF-α and naringin decreases expressions of p-IкBα and nuclear p65, and thus represses NF-кB pathway activated by sole TNF-α treatment. Our findings provide a molecular basis by which naringin restores the TNF-α-induced damage in MSCs and provide novel insights into the application of naringin in the MSC-based treatments for inflammation-induced bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xvhai Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Yi YM, Cai L, Shao Y, Xu M, Yi JL. The protective role of tacrine and donepezil in the retina of acetylcholinesterase knockout mice. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:884-90. [PMID: 26558196 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.05.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effect of different concentrations of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors tacrine and donepezil on retinal protection in AChE(+/-) mice (AChE knockout mice) of various ages. METHODS Cultured ARPE-19 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at concentrations of 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 µmol/L and protein levels were measured using Western blot. Intraperitoneal injections of tacrine and donepezil (0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL) were respectively given to AChE(+/-) mice aged 2mo and 4mo and wild-type S129 mice for 7d; phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered to the control group. The mice were sacrificed after 30d by in vitro cardiac perfusion and retinal samples were taken. AChE-deficient mice were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using specific genotyping protocols obtained from the Jackson Laboratory website. H&E staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to observe AChE protein expression changes in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell layer. RESULTS Different concentrations of H2O2 induced AChE expression during RPE cell apoptosis. AChE(+/-) mice retina were thinner than those in wild-type mice (P<0.05); the retinal structure was still intact at 2mo but became thinner with increasing age (P<0.05); furthermore, AChE(+/-) mice developed more slowly than wild-type mice (P<0.05). Increased concentrations of tacrine and donepezil did not significantly improve the protection of the retina function and morphology (P>0.05). CONCLUSION In vivo, tacrine and donepezil can inhibit the expression of AChE; the decrease of AChE expression in the retina is beneficial for the development of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Min Yi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li Cai
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Man Xu
- Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jing-Lin Yi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Wang HL, Liu NM, Li R. Role of adult resident renal progenitor cells in tubular repair after acute kidney injury. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2015; 12:469-75. [PMID: 25412664 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a serious global health problem and determinant of morbidity and mortality. Recent advancements in the field of stem cell research raise hopes for stem cell-based regenerative approaches to treat acute kidney diseases. In this review, the authors summarized the latest research advances of the adult resident renal progenitor cells (ARPCs) on kidney repair, the role of ARPCs on tubular regeneration after acute kidney injury, the current understanding of the mechanisms related to ARPC activation and modulation, as well as the challenges that remain to be faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the 455th Hospital; Institute of Nephrology of Nanjing Military Command, Shanghai 200052, China; E-mail:
| | - Nan-mei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the 455th Hospital; Institute of Nephrology of Nanjing Military Command, Shanghai 200052, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Nephrology, the 455th Hospital; Institute of Nephrology of Nanjing Military Command, Shanghai 200052, China
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Płóciennik A, Prendecki M, Zuba E, Siudzinski M, Dorszewska J. Activated Caspase-3 and Neurodegeneration and Synaptic Plasticity in Alzheimer’s Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/aad.2015.43007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Advances in mesenchymal stem cells combined with traditional Chinese medicine therapy for liver fibrosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2014; 12:147-55. [PMID: 24861835 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a primary cause of liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocarcinoma. Recently, the usage of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been investigated to improve liver fibrosis. It has been reported that the differentiation, proliferation and migration of MSCs can be regulated by traditional Chinese medicine treatment; however, the mechanisms are still unclear. In this article, the authors review the characteristics of MSCs such as multidirectional differentiation and homing, and its application in animal experiments and clinical trials. The authors also list areas that need further investigation, andlook at the future prospects of clinical application of MSCs.
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Silva T, Reis J, Teixeira J, Borges F. Alzheimer's disease, enzyme targets and drug discovery struggles: from natural products to drug prototypes. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:116-45. [PMID: 24726823 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incapacitating neurodegenerative disease that slowly destroys brain cells. This disease progressively compromises both memory and cognition, culminating in a state of full dependence and dementia. Currently, AD is the main cause of dementia in the elderly and its prevalence in the developed world is increasing rapidly. Classic drugs, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), fail to decline disease progression and display several side effects that reduce patient's adhesion to pharmacotherapy. The past decade has witnessed an increasing focus on the search for novel AChEIs and new putative enzymatic targets for AD, like β- and γ-secretases, sirtuins, caspase proteins and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). In addition, new mechanistic rationales for drug discovery in AD that include autophagy and synaptogenesis have been discovered. Herein, we describe the state-of-the-art of the development of recent enzymatic inhibitors and enhancers with therapeutic potential on the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Reis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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He G, Guo W, Lou Z, Zhang H. Achyranthes bidentata Saponins Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Through the ERK MAPK Signaling Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:467-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mohammadi-Farani A, Ahmadi A, Nadri H, Aliabadi A. Synthesis, docking and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assessment of 2-(2-(4-Benzylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives with potential anti-Alzheimer effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:47. [PMID: 23758724 PMCID: PMC3704662 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common form of dementia accounting for about 50-60% of the overall cases of dementia among persons over 65 years of age. Low acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in hippocampus and cortex areas of the brain is one of the main reasons for this disease. In recent years, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors like donepezil with prevention of acetylcholine hydrolysis can enhance the duration of action of acetylcholine in synaptic cleft and improve the dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Results Design, synthesis and assessment of anticholinesterase activity of 2-(2-(4-Benzylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione derivatives showed prepared compounds can function as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Among 12 synthesized derivatives, compound 4a with ortho chlorine moiety as electron withdrawing group exhibited the highest potency in these series (IC50 = 0.91 ± 0.045 μM) compared to donepezil (IC50 = 0.14 ± 0.03 μM). The results of the enzyme inhibition test (Ellman test) showed that electron withdrawing groups like Cl, F and NO2 can render the best effect at position ortho and para of the phenyl ring. But compound 4g with methoxy group at position 3(meta) afforded a favorable potency (IC50 = 5.5 ± 0.7 μM). Furthermore, docking study confirmed a same binding mode like donepezil for compound 4a. Conclusions Synthesized compounds 4a-4l could be proposed as potential anticholinesterase agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mohammadi-Farani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Yu L, Jiang Y, Wang L, Sheng R, Hu Y, Zeng S. Metabolism of BYZX in human liver microsomes and cytosol: identification of the metabolites and metabolic pathways of BYZX. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59882. [PMID: 23555822 PMCID: PMC3612106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BYZX, [(E)-2-(4-((diethylamino)methyl)benzylidene)-5,6-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydroinden-one], belongs to a series of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and has been synthesized as a new chemical entity for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms. When incubated with human liver microsomes (HLMs), BYZX was rapidly transformed into its metabolites M1, M2, and M3. The chemical structures of these metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, which indicated that M1 was an N-desethylated and C = C hydrogenation metabolite of BYZX. M2 and M3 were 2 precursor metabolites, which resulted from the hydrogenation and desethylation of BYZX, respectively. Further studies with chemical inhibitors and human recombinant cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and correlation studies were performed. The results indicated that the N-desethylation of BYZX and M2 was mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8. The reduced form of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate was involved in the hydrogenation of BYZX and M3, and this reaction occurred in the HLMs and in the human liver cytosol. The hydrogenation reaction was not inhibited by any chemical inhibitors of CYPs, but it was significantly inhibited by some substrates of α,β-ketoalkene C = C reductases and their inhibitors such as benzylideneacetone, dicoumarol, and indomethacin. Our results suggest that α,β-ketoalkene C = C reductases may play a role in the hydrogenation reaction, but this issue requires further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushan Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Sheng
- Zhejiang University-Ecole Normole Superienre Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- Zhejiang University-Ecole Normole Superienre Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Ac-cel, a novel antioxidant, protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in PC12 cells via attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:453-61. [PMID: 23345081 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases (ND) and increased oxidative stress is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, looking for potent antioxidants, especially those targeting mitochondria, has become an attractive strategy in ND therapy. In this study, we explored protective effects and potential mechanism of Ac-cel, a novel compound, against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced injury in PC12 cells. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with Ac-cel prior to 24 h of H(2)O(2) exposure markedly attenuated cytotoxicity induced by H(2)O(2) as evidenced by morphological changes and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Ac-cel also exhibited potent antiapoptotic effect demonstrated by results of annexin V and PI staining. The above beneficial effects of Ac-cel were accompanied by improved mitochondrial function, reduced caspase-3 cleavage as well as upregulated ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression. Moreover, Ac-cel pretreatment markedly reversed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation following 30 min of H(2)O(2) exposure in PC12 cells. Further, subcellular investigation indicated that Ac-cel significantly reduced production of mitochondrial ROS in isolated rat cortical mitochondria. Taken together, the present study, for the first time, reports that Ac-cel pretreatment inhibits H(2)O(2)-stimulated early accumulation of intracellular ROS possibly via reducing mitochondrial ROS production directly and leads to subsequent preservation of mitochondrial function. These results indicate that Ac-cel is a potential drug candidate for treatment of oxidative stress-associated ND.
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Yuan W, Shang Z, Qiang X, Tan Z, Deng Y. Synthesis of pterostilbene and resveratrol carbamate derivatives as potential dual cholinesterase inhibitors and neuroprotective agents. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-1003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yang F, Jin T, Yamamoto Y. Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one derivatives via Ni-catalyzed intramolecular hydroacylation. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ismail MM, Kamel MM, Mohamed LW, Faggal SI. Synthesis of new indole derivatives structurally related to donepezil and their biological evaluation as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Molecules 2012; 17:4811-23. [PMID: 22534665 PMCID: PMC6268345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17054811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New series of indole derivatives analogous to donepezil, a well known anti-Alzheimer and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drug, was synthesized. A full chemical characterization of the new compounds is provided. Biological evaluation of the new compounds as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors was performed. Most of the compounds were found to have potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity compared to donepezil as standard. The compound 1-(2-(4-(2-fluorobenzyl) piperazin-1-yl)acetyl)indoline-2,3-dione (IIId) was found to be the most potent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lamia W. Mohamed
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +202-2363-2245; Fax: +202-2532-1900
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Mahesh R, Jung HW, Kim GW, Kim YS, Park YK. Cryptotanshinone from Salviae miltiorrhizae radix inhibits sodium-nitroprusside-induced apoptosis in neuro-2a cells. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1211-9. [PMID: 22228596 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salviae miltiorrhizae radix), a herbal medicine has widely been used for the treatment of pain, miscarriage and oedema. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of cryptotanshinone (CRT) from Salviae miltiorrhizae radix on sodium-nitroprusside (SNP)-induced apoptosis in neuro-2a (N2a) cells, and further investigated its action mechanism in signalling pathways. The effects of CRT against SNP-induced toxicity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes, and oxidants/antioxidant defences and apoptotic signalling pathways were investigated in N2a cells. Cryptotanshinone significantly inhibited SNP-induced cell toxicity and the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and improved MMP in N2a cells. Cryptotanshinone significantly suppressed SNP-induced peroxidation of lipid and protein, and the expression of Gclc mRNA. In the signalling pathway, CRT effectively blocked SNP-induced activation of NF-κB and ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK pathways through the elevation of Akt and cyclic AMP response element binding protein. Furthermore, CRT remarkably reduced the increase of mitochondrial Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, and the activations of cytosolic procaspase-3 and nuclear inactive poly ADP (adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase by SNP-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that CRT has neuroprotective effects against SNP-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells via the regulation of mitochondrial apoptotic cascades and antiapoptotic cellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Mahesh
- Oriental Medicine R&D Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea
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Barak S, Weiner I. Putative cognitive enhancers in preclinical models related to schizophrenia: The search for an elusive target. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:164-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Terry AV, Callahan PM, Hall B, Webster SJ. Alzheimer's disease and age-related memory decline (preclinical). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:190-210. [PMID: 21315756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An unfortunate result of the rapid rise in geriatric populations worldwide is the increasing prevalence of age-related cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a devastating neurodegenerative illness that is characterized by a profound impairment of cognitive function, marked physical disability, and an enormous economic burden on the afflicted individual, caregivers, and society in general. The rise in elderly populations is also resulting in an increase in individuals with related (potentially treatable) conditions such as "Mild Cognitive Impairment" (MCI) which is characterized by a less severe (but abnormal) level of cognitive impairment and a high-risk for developing dementia. Even in the absence of a diagnosable disorder of cognition (e.g., AD and MCI), the perception of increased forgetfulness and declining mental function is a clear source of apprehension in the elderly. This is a valid concern given that even a modest impairment of cognitive function is likely to be associated with significant disability in a rapidly evolving, technology-based society. Unfortunately, the currently available therapies designed to improve cognition (i.e., for AD and other forms of dementia) are limited by modest efficacy and adverse side effects, and their effects on cognitive function are not sustained over time. Accordingly, it is incumbent on the scientific community to develop safer and more effective therapies that improve and/or sustain cognitive function in the elderly allowing them to remain mentally active and productive for as long as possible. As diagnostic criteria for memory disorders evolve, the demand for pro-cognitive therapeutic agents is likely to surpass AD and dementia to include MCI and potentially even less severe forms of memory decline. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the contemporary therapeutic targets and preclinical pharmacologic approaches (with representative drug examples) designed to enhance memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Small Animal Behavior Core, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Pisani L, Catto M, Giangreco I, Leonetti F, Nicolotti O, Stefanachi A, Cellamare S, Carotti A. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarin derivatives tethered to an edrophonium-like fragment as highly potent and selective dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2011; 5:1616-30. [PMID: 20677317 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A large series of substituted coumarins linked through an appropriate spacer to 3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylanilino or 3-hydroxy-N,N,N-trialkylbenzaminium moieties were synthesized and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. The highest AChE inhibitory potency in the 3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylanilino series was observed with a 6,7-dimethoxy-3-substituted coumarin derivative, which, along with an outstanding affinity (IC(50)=0.236 nM) exhibits excellent AChE/BChE selectivity (SI>300 000). Most of the synthesized 3-hydroxy-N,N,N-trialkylbenzaminium salts display an AChE affinity in the sub-nanomolar to picomolar range along with excellent AChE/BChE selectivities (SI values up to 138 333). The combined use of docking and molecular dynamics simulations permitted us to shed light on the observed structure-affinity and structure-selectivity relationships, to detect two possible alternative binding modes, and to assess the critical role of pi-pi stacking interactions in the AChE peripheral binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pisani
- Dipartimento Farmaco-chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Terry AV, Buccafusco JJ, Herman EJ, Callahan PM, Beck WD, Warner S, Vandenhuerk L, Bouchard K, Schwarz GM, Gao J, Chapman JM. The prototypical ranitidine analog JWS-USC-75-IX improves information processing and cognitive function in animal models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 336:751-66. [PMID: 21106907 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.175422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate further a prototypical ranitidine analog, JWS-USC-75-IX, [(3-[[[2-[[(5-dimethylaminomethyl)-2-furanyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]amino]-4-nitropyridazine, JWS], for neuropharmacologic properties that would theoretically be useful for treating cognitive and noncognitive behavioral symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. JWS was previously found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, serve as a potent ligand at muscarinic M₂ acetylcholine receptors, and elicit positive effects on spatial learning, passive avoidance, and working memory in rodents. In the current study, JWS was evaluated for binding activity at more than 60 neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, and ion channels, as well as for inhibitory activity at AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The results indicate that JWS inhibits AChE and BChE at low (micromolar) concentrations and that it is a functional antagonist at M₂ receptors (K(B) = 320 nM). JWS was subsequently evaluated orally across additional behavioral assays in rodents (dose range, 0.03-10.0 mg/kg) as well as nonhuman primates (dose range, 0.05-2.0 mg/kg). In rats, JWS improved prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response in nonimpaired rats and attenuated PPI deficits in three pharmacologic impairment models. JWS also attenuated scopolamine and (-)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801)-related impairments in a spontaneous novel object recognition task and a five-choice serial reaction time task, respectively. In monkeys, JWS elicited dose-dependent improvements of a delayed match-to-sample task as well as an attention-related version of the task where randomly presented (task-relevant) distractors were presented. Thus, JWS (potentially via effects at several drug targets) improves information processing, attention, and memory in animal models and could potentially treat the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of some neuropsychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicolog, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
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Gong G, Qin Y, Huang W, Zhou S, Yang X, Li D. Rutin inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis through regulating reactive oxygen species mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 628:27-35. [PMID: 19931526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis of human vein endothelium cell caused by reactive oxygen species is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Rutin, an active flavonoid compound, is well known to possess potent antioxidant properties against oxidative stress insults through undefined mechanism(s). In this study, we first investigated the possible protective effects of rutin against apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the associated signaling pathways. Decreased viability and increased apoptosis were observed in the HUVECs incubated with 200microM H(2)O(2) for 12h. By examining the effect of rutin on H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in HUVECs, we found that rutin pretreatment significantly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis in HUVECs. We next examined the signaling involved in rutin-mediated anti-apoptotic effects. It was found that rutin pretreatment attenuated excessive reactive oxygen species in HUVECs exposed to H(2)O(2). Rutin also prevented the increased DNA fragment formation and glutathione (GSH) depletion and inhibited the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potentials (DeltaPsim) that occurred in HUVECs exposed to H(2)O(2), which protected HUVECs against oxidative damage and the further mitochondrial membrane integrity impairment, leading to apoptosis. In conclusion, the results suggested that rutin (50microM) blocked apoptosis in HUVECs through decreasing reactive oxygen species, increasing GSH, restoring DeltaPsim and thus protecting DNA damage. Our research indicated that rutin protected the intracellular GSH antioxidant system and prevented H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis of HUVECs through regulating reactive oxygen species mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Gong
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane Biology, State Key Lab of Biotherapy of Human Diseases, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
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