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Coelho SVA, Augusto FM, de Arruda LB. Potential Pathways and Pathophysiological Implications of Viral Infection-Driven Activation of Kallikrein-Kinin System (KKS). Viruses 2024; 16:245. [PMID: 38400022 PMCID: PMC10892958 DOI: 10.3390/v16020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcirculatory and coagulation disturbances commonly occur as pathological manifestations of systemic viral infections. Research exploring the role of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) in flavivirus infections has recently linked microvascular dysfunctions to bradykinin (BK)-induced signaling of B2R, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) constitutively expressed by endothelial cells. The relevance of KKS activation as an innate response to viral infections has gained increasing attention, particularly after the reports regarding thrombogenic events during COVID-19. BK receptor (B2R and B1R) signal transduction results in vascular permeability, edema formation, angiogenesis, and pain. Recent findings unveiling the role of KKS in viral pathogenesis include evidence of increased activation of KKS with elevated levels of BK and its metabolites in both intravascular and tissue milieu, as well as reports demonstrating that virus replication stimulates BKR expression. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms triggered by virus replication and by virus-induced inflammatory responses that may stimulate KKS. We also explore how KKS activation and BK signaling may impact virus pathogenesis and further discuss the potential therapeutic application of BKR antagonists in the treatment of hemorrhagic and respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharton Vinícius Antunes Coelho
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | | | - Luciana Barros de Arruda
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
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Garrity C, Garcia-Rovetta C, Rivas I, Delatorre U, Wong A, Kültz D, Peyton J, Arzi B, Vapniarsky N. Tilapia Fish Skin Treatment of Third-Degree Skin Burns in Murine Model. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:512. [PMID: 37888177 PMCID: PMC10607444 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of using fish skin bandages as a therapeutic option for third-degree skin burns. Following the California wildfires, clinical observations of animals with third-degree skin burns demonstrated increased comfort levels and reduced pain when treated with tilapia fish skin. Despite the promises of this therapy, there are few studies explaining the healing mechanisms behind the application of tilapia fish skin. In this study, mice with third-degree burns were treated with either a hydrocolloid adhesive bandage (control) (n = 16) or fish skin (n = 16) 7 days post-burn. Mice were subjected to histologic, hematologic, molecular, and gross evaluation at days 7, 16, and 28 post-burn. The fish skin offered no benefit to overall wound closure compared to hydrocolloids. Additionally, we detected no difference between fish skin and control treatments in regard to hypermetabolism or hematologic values. However, the fish skin groups exhibited 2 times more vascularization and 2 times higher expression of antimicrobial defensin peptide in comparison to controls. Proteomic analysis of the fish skin revealed the presence of antimicrobial peptides. Collectively, these data suggest that fish skin can serve as an innovative and cost-effective therapeutic alternative for burn victims to facilitate vascularization and reduce bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Garrity
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.G.); (I.R.)
| | - Christina Garcia-Rovetta
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.G.); (I.R.)
| | - Iris Rivas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.G.); (I.R.)
| | - Ubaldo Delatorre
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.G.); (I.R.)
| | - Alice Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Coastal & Marine Sciences Institute, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Jamie Peyton
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.G.); (I.R.)
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Gress C, Vogel-Claussen J, Badorrek P, Müller M, Hohl K, Konietzke M, Litzenburger T, Seibold W, Gupta A, Hohlfeld JM. The effect of bradykinin 1 receptor antagonist BI 1026706 on pulmonary inflammation after segmental lipopolysaccharide challenge in healthy smokers. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 82:102246. [PMID: 37562641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) signalling pathways may be involved in the inflammatory pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). B1R signalling is induced by inflammatory stimuli or tissue injury and leads to activation and increased migration of pro-inflammatory cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lung challenge in man is an experimental method of exploring inflammation in the lung whereby interference in these pathways can help to assess pharmacologic interventions in COPD. BI 1026706, a potent B1R antagonist, was hypothesized to reduce the inflammatory activity after segmental lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in humans due to decreased pulmonary cell influx. METHODS In a monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase I trial, 57 healthy, smoking subjects were treated for 28 days with either oral BI 1026706 100 mg bid or placebo. At day 21, turbo-inversion recovery magnitude magnetic resonance imaging (TIRM MRI) was performed. On the last day of treatment, pre-challenge bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and biopsies were sampled, followed by segmental LPS challenge (40 endotoxin units/kg body weight) and saline control instillation in different lung lobes. Twenty-four hours later, TIRM MRI was performed, then BAL and biopsies were collected from the challenged segments. In BAL samples, cells were differentiated for neutrophil numbers as the primary endpoint. Other endpoints included assessment of safety, biomarkers in BAL (e.g. interleukin-8 [IL-8], albumin and total protein), B1R expression in lung biopsies and TIRM score by MRI as a measure for the extent of pulmonary oedema. RESULTS After LPS, but not after saline, high numbers of inflammatory cells, predominantly neutrophils were observed in the airways. IL-8, albumin and total protein were also increased in BAL samples after LPS challenge as compared with saline control. There were no significant differences in cells or other biomarkers from BAL in volunteers treated with BI 1026706 compared with those treated with placebo. Unexpectedly, neutrophil numbers in BAL were 30% higher and MRI-derived extent of oedema was significantly higher with BI 1026706 treatment compared with placebo, 24 h after LPS challenge. Adverse events were mainly mild to moderate and not different between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with BI 1026706 for four weeks was safe and well-tolerated in healthy smoking subjects. BI 1026706 100 mg bid did not provide evidence for anti-inflammatory effects in the human bronchial LPS challenge model. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on January 14, 2016 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02657408).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gress
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Vogel-Claussen
- German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Philipp Badorrek
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Müller
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hohl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Abhya Gupta
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany.
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An overview of kinin mediated events in cancer progression and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188807. [PMID: 36167271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinins are bioactive peptides generated in the inflammatory milieu of the tissue microenvironment, which is involved in cancer progression and inflammatory response. Kinins signals through activation of two G-protein coupled receptors; inducible Bradykinin Receptor B1 (B1R) and constitutive receptor B2 (B2R). Activation of kinin receptors and its cross-talk with receptor tyrosine kinases activates multiple signaling pathways, including ERK/MAPK, PI3K, PKC, and p38 pathways regulating cancer hallmarks. Perturbations of the kinin-mediated events are implicated in various aspects of cancer invasion, matrix remodeling, and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, kinins initiate fibroblast activation, mesenchymal stem cell interactions, and recruitment of immune cells. Albeit the precise nature of kinin function in the metastasis and tumor microenvironment are not completely clear yet, several kinin receptor antagonists show anti-metastatic potential. Here, we showcase an overview of the complex biology of kinins and their role in cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects.
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Dyga W, Obtulowicz A, Mikolajczyk T, Bogdali A, Dubiela P, Obtulowicz K. The Role of Bradykinin Receptors in Hereditary Angioedema Due to C1-Inhibitor Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810332. [PMID: 36142237 PMCID: PMC9499460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, genetic disease caused by the decreased level or function of the C1 inhibitor. The primary mediator of symptoms in HAE is bradykinin acting through its two receptors, namely receptors 1 (BR1) and 2 (BR2). Although BR2 is well characterized, the role of BR1 remains unclear. Objective: To study the role of bradykinin receptors 1 (BR1) in the etiopathogenesis of HAE. Methods: A total of 70 individuals, 40 patients with HAE, and 30 healthy subjects were recruited to the study. HAE was diagnosed in accordance with the international guideline. The level of bradykinin receptors was determined in populations of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD14++CD16−, CD14++CD16+ monocytes. In addition, the level of disease activity-specific markers was measured. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the subpopulation of lymphocytes and monocytes between patients with HAE compared to healthy subjects. The level of BR1 and BR2 on PBMCs was comparable in healthy subjects and HAE patients during remission with significant overexpression of both receptors, triggered by HAE attack. Moreover, a significant increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1 plasma levels was observed among HAE patients. Conclusions: BR1 expression may play an important role in the pathomechanism of HAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Dyga
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-503 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksander Obtulowicz
- Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 50, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bogdali
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-503 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Dubiela
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Krystyna Obtulowicz
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-503 Krakow, Poland
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Kinin B1 receptor deficiency protects mice fed by cafeteria diet from abnormal glucose homeostasis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267845. [PMID: 35617279 PMCID: PMC9135186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein–kinin system has been implicated in body weight and glucose homeostasis. Their major effectors act by binding to the kinin B2 and B1 receptors. It was assessed the role of the kinin B1 receptor in weight and glucose homeostasis in B1 receptor knockout mice (B1RKO) subjected to a cafeteria diet (CAF). Wild-type (WT) and B1RKO male mice (C57BL/6 background; 8 weeks old) were fed a standard diet (SD) or CAF for 14 weeks, ad libitum, and four groups were formed: WT-SD; B1RKO-SD; WT-CAF; B1RKO-CAF. Body weight and food intake were assessed weekly. It was performed glucose tolerance (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT), and HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and HOMA-β* 1/HOMA-IR were calculated. Islets from WT and B1RKO were isolated in order to measure the insulin secretion. Western blot was used to assess the hepatic AKT phosphorylation and qPCR to assess gene expression. CAF induced a higher body mass gain in B1RKO compared to WT mice. CAF diet increased epididymal fat depot mass, hepatic fat infiltration and hepatic AKT phosphorylation in both genotypes. However, B1RKO mice presented lower glycemic response during GTT when fed with CAF, and a lower glucose decrease in the ITT. This higher resistance was overcomed with higher insulin secretion when stimulated by high glucose, resulting in higher glucose uptake in the GTT when submitted to CAF, despite lower insulin sensitivity. Islets from B1RKO delivered 4 times more insulin in 3-month-old mice than islets from WT. The higher insulin disposition index and high insulin delivery of B1RKO can explain the decreased glucose excursion during GTT. In conclusion, CAF increased the β-cell function in B1RKO mice, compensated by the diet-induced insulin resistance and resulting in a healthier glycemic response despite the higher weight gain.
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Rex DAB, Vaid N, Deepak K, Dagamajalu S, Prasad TSK. A comprehensive review on current understanding of bradykinin in COVID-19 and inflammatory diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9915-9927. [PMID: 35596055 PMCID: PMC9122735 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin, a member of the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS), is a potent, short-lived vasoactive peptide that acts as a vasodilator and an inflammatory mediator in a number of signaling mechanisms. Bradykinin induced signaling is mediated through kinin B1 (BDKRB1) and B2 (BDKRB2) transmembrane receptors coupled with different subunits of G proteins (Gαi/Gα0, Gαq and Gβ1γ2). The bradykinin-mediated signaling mechanism activates excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-2. Upregulation of these cytokines has implications in a wide range of clinical conditions such as inflammation leading to fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, and most recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In SARS-CoV-2 infection, bradykinin is found to be at raised levels and is reported to trigger a diverse array of symptoms. All of this brings bradykinin to the core point as a molecule of immense therapeutic value. Our understanding of its involvement in various pathways has expanded with time. Therefore, there is a need to look at the overall picture that emerges from the developments made by deciphering the bradykinin mediated signaling mechanisms involved in the pathological conditions. It will help devise strategies for developing better treatment modalities in the implicated diseases. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on bradykinin mediated signaling in the diverse conditions described above, with a marked emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the bradykinin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasahayam Arokiar Balaya Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Neelanchal Vaid
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - K Deepak
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the major cause of death worldwide and show a higher prevalence in the adult population. The human umbilical cord consistsof two arteries and one vein, both composed of three tunics. The tunica intima, lined with endothelial cells, regulates vascular tone through the production/release of vasoregulatory substances. These substances can be vasoactive factors released by endothelial cells (ECs) that cause vasodilation (NO, PGI2, EDHF, and Bradykinin) or vasoconstriction (ET1, TXA2, and Ang II) depending on the cell type (ECs or SMC) that reacts to the stimulus. Vascular studies using ECs are important for the analysis of cardiovascular diseases since endothelial dysfunction is an important CVD risk factor. In this paper, we will address the morphological characteristics of the human umbilical cord and its component vessels. the constitution of the vascular endothelium, and the evolution of human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells when isolated. Moreover, the role played by the endothelium in the vasomotor tone regulation, and how it may be associated with the existence of CVD, were discussed.
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Skinner SC, Derebail VK, Poulton CJ, Bunch DC, Roy-Chaudhury P, Key NS. Hemodialysis-Related Complement and Contact Pathway Activation and Cardiovascular Risk: A Narrative Review. Kidney Med 2021; 3:607-618. [PMID: 34401728 PMCID: PMC8350825 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals receiving long-term hemodialysis are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not fully explain the high CVD risk in this population. During hemodialysis, blood interacts with the biomaterials of the hemodialysis circuit. This interaction can activate the complement system and the factor XII-driven contact system. FXII activation triggers both the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the kallikrein-kinin pathway, resulting in thrombin and bradykinin production, respectively. The complement system plays a key role in the innate immune response, but also contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous disease states. Components of the complement pathway, including mannose binding lectin and C3, are associated with CVD risk in people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Both the complement system and the factor XII-driven contact coagulation system mediate proinflammatory and procoagulant responses that could contribute to or accelerate CVD in hemodialysis recipents. This review summarizes what is already known about hemodialysis-mediated activation of the complement system and in particular the coagulation contact system, emphasizing the potential role these systems play in the identification of new biomarkers for CVD risk stratification and the development of potential therapeutic targets or innovative therapies that decrease CVD risk in ESKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Skinner
- Division of Hematology and UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Vimal K. Derebail
- Division of Nephrology and UNC Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Caroline J. Poulton
- Division of Nephrology and UNC Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Donna C. Bunch
- Division of Nephrology and UNC Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- Division of Nephrology and UNC Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- WG (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC
| | - Nigel S. Key
- Division of Hematology and UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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A Robust Bioassay of the Human Bradykinin B 2 Receptor that Extends Molecular and Cellular Studies: The Isolated Umbilical Vein. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030177. [PMID: 33668382 PMCID: PMC7996148 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) has various physiological and pathological roles. Medicinal chemistry efforts targeted toward the widely expressed BK B2 receptor (B2R), a G-protein-coupled receptor, were primarily aimed at developing antagonists. The only B2R antagonist in clinical use is the peptide icatibant, approved to abort attacks of hereditary angioedema. However, the anti-inflammatory applications of B2R antagonists are potentially wider. Furthermore, the B2R antagonists notoriously exhibit species-specific pharmacological profiles. Classical smooth muscle contractility assays are exploited over a time scale of several hours and support determining potency, competitiveness, residual agonist activity, specificity, and reversibility of pharmacological agents. The contractility assay based on the isolated human umbilical vein, expressing B2R at physiological density, was introduced when investigating the first non-peptide B2R antagonist (WIN 64338). Small ligand molecules characterized using the assay include the exquisitely potent competitive antagonist, Pharvaris Compound 3 or the partial agonist Fujisawa Compound 47a. The umbilical vein assay is also useful to verify pharmacologic properties of special peptide B2R ligands, such as the carboxypeptidase-activated latent agonists and fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the proposed agonist effect of tissue kallikrein on the B2R has been disproved using the vein. This assay stands in between cellular and molecular pharmacology and in vivo studies.
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Marceau F, Bachelard H, Charest-Morin X, Hébert J, Rivard GE. In Vitro Modeling of Bradykinin-Mediated Angioedema States. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090201. [PMID: 32824891 PMCID: PMC7559923 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinins (peptides related to bradykinin, BK) are formed from circulating substrates, the kininogens, by the action of two proteases, the kallikreins. The only clinical application of a BK receptor ligand, the B2 receptor antagonist icatibant, is the treatment of the rare hereditary angioedema (HAE) caused by the deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). Less common forms of HAE (genetic variants of factor XII, plasminogen, kininogen) are presumably mediated by increased BK formation. Acquired forms of BK-mediated angioedema, such as that associated with angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, are also known. Antibody-based analytical techniques are briefly reviewed, and support that kinins are extremely short-lived, prominently cleared by ACE. Despite evidence of continuous activation of the kallikrein–kinin system in HAE, patients are not symptomatic most of the time and their blood or plasma obtained during remission does not generate excessive immunoreactive BK (iBK), suggesting effective homeostatic mechanisms. HAE-C1-INH and HAE-FXII plasmas are both hyperresponsive to fibrinolysis activation. On another hand, we suggested a role for the alternate tissue kallikrein–kinin system in patients with a plasminogen mutation. The role of the BK B1 receptor is still uncertain in angioedema states. iBK profiles under in vitro stimulation provide fresh insight into the physiopathology of angioedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Marceau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (H.B.); (X.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hélène Bachelard
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (H.B.); (X.C.-M.)
| | - Xavier Charest-Morin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (H.B.); (X.C.-M.)
| | - Jacques Hébert
- Service D’allergie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Georges E. Rivard
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
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Sriramula S. Kinin B1 receptor: A target for neuroinflammation in hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Marceau F, Bachelard H, Bouthillier J, Fortin JP, Morissette G, Bawolak MT, Charest-Morin X, Gera L. Bradykinin receptors: Agonists, antagonists, expression, signaling, and adaptation to sustained stimulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106305. [PMID: 32106060 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bradykinin-related peptides, the kinins, are blood-derived peptides that stimulate 2 G protein-coupled receptors, the B1 and B2 receptors (B1R, B2R). The pharmacologic and molecular identities of these 2 receptor subtypes will be succinctly reviewed herein, with emphasis on drug development, receptor expression, signaling, and adaptation to persistent stimulation. Peptide and non-peptide antagonists and fluorescent ligands have been produced for each receptor. The B2R is widely and constitutively expressed in mammalian tissues, whereas the B1R is mostly inducible under the effect of cytokines during infection and immunopathology. The B2R is temporarily desensitized by a cycle of phosphorylation/endocytosis followed by recycling, whereas the nonphosphorylable B1R is relatively resistant to desensitization and translocated to caveolae on activation. Both receptor subtypes, mainly coupled to protein G Gq, phospholipase C and calcium signaling, mediate the vascular aspects of inflammation (vasodilation, edema formation). On this basis, icatibant, a peptide antagonist of the B2R, is approved in the management of hereditary angioedema attacks. This disease is the therapeutic showcase of the kallikrein-kinin system, with an orally bioavailable B2R antagonist under development, as well as other agents that inhibit the kinin forming protease, plasma kallikrein. Other clinical applications are still elusive despite the maturity of the medicinal chemistry efforts applied to kinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Marceau
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Hélène Bachelard
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Bouthillier
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Fortin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Morissette
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Thérèse Bawolak
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Charest-Morin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lajos Gera
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Didiasova M, Wujak L, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. Factor XII in coagulation, inflammation and beyond. Cell Signal 2018; 51:257-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kinins are peptide mediators exerting their pro-inflammatory actions by the selective stimulation of two distinct G-protein coupled receptors, termed BKB1R and BKB2R. While BKB2R is constitutively expressed in a multitude of tissues, BKB1R is hardly expressed at baseline but highly inducible by inflammatory mediators. In particular, BKB1R was shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. Areas covered: This review intends to evaluate the therapeutic potential of substances interacting with the BKB1R. To this purpose we summarize the published literature on animal studies with antagonists and knockout mice for this receptor. Expert Opinion: In most cases the pharmacological inhibition of BKB1R or its genetic deletion was beneficial for the outcome of the disease in animal models. Therefore, several companies have developed BKB1R antagonists and tested them in phase I and II clinical trials. However, none of the developed BKB1R antagonists was further developed for clinical use. We discuss possible reasons for this failure of translation of preclinical findings on BKB1R antagonists into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimunnisa Qadri
- a Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) , Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- a Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) , Berlin , Germany.,b Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) , Berlin , Germany.,c Charité University Medicine Berlin , Germany.,d German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) site Berlin , Berlin , Germany.,e Institute for Biology , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
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16
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Parks A, Marceau F. Lysosomotropic cationic drugs induce cytostatic and cytotoxic effects: Role of liposolubility and autophagic flux and antagonism by cholesterol ablation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Jean M, Raghavan A, Charles ML, Robbins MS, Wagner E, Rivard GÉ, Charest-Morin X, Marceau F. The isolated human umbilical vein as a bioassay for kinin-generating proteases: An in vitro model for therapeutic angioedema agents. Life Sci 2016; 155:180-8. [PMID: 27165535 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The isolated human umbilical vein is a robust contractile bioassay for ligands of the bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor (B2R), also extendable to B1 receptor (B1R) pharmacology. We hypothesized that, as a freshly isolated vessel, it also contains traces of plasma proteins that may confer responses to exogenous proteases via the formation of kinins. MAIN METHODS Rings of human umbilical veins were mounted in organ baths containing Krebs buffer maintained at 37°C and purified proteases were introduced in the bathing fluid along with additional drugs/proteins that permit mechanistic analysis of effects. KEY FINDINGS The previously described contractile response to human recombinant tissue kallikrein (KLK-1, 1-10nM) is not influenced by metabolic inhibitors, suggesting its dependence on a preexisting reservoir of low molecular weight-kininogen (LK). Active plasma kallikrein (apK, ≤5nM) was inactive in fresh tissues, unless high molecular weight-kininogen (HK, 39-197nM) replenishment was applied. The effects of KLK-1 and HK+apK are abolished by pretreating tissues with icatibant, but not with tranexamic acid. C1-esterase inhibitor inhibited only HK+apK. Purified plasmin and neutrophil proteinase-3 produced small contractions in the presence of HK only, and tissue plasminogen activator, none. B1R stimulation was pharmacologically evidenced in response to KLK-1 if LK was supplied. SIGNIFICANCE The pharmacology of KLK-1 and HK+apK in the human isolated umbilical vein is essentially based on the activity of locally generated kinins and this assay models the inhibitory action of some therapeutic agents active in angioedema states. Proteases that indirectly generate kinins have little activity in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Jean
- Axe Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, CHU de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark S Robbins
- Tansna Therapeutics, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Kodiak Strategic Consultants, LLC, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric Wagner
- Axe Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, CHU de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | - Xavier Charest-Morin
- Axe Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, CHU de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - François Marceau
- Axe Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, CHU de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Charest-Morin X, Marceau F. Biotechnological Fluorescent Ligands of the Bradykinin B1 Receptor: Protein Ligands for a Peptide Receptor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148246. [PMID: 26844555 PMCID: PMC4742067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bradykinin (BK) B1 receptor (B1R) is a peculiar G protein coupled receptor that is strongly regulated to the point of being inducible in immunopathology. Limited clinical evidence suggests that its expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a biomarker of active inflammatory states. In an effort to develop a novel imaging/diagnostic tool, we report the rational design and testing of a fusion protein that is a ligand of the human B1R but not likely to label peptidases. This ligand is composed of a fluorescent protein (FP) (enhanced green FP [EGFP] or mCherry) prolonged at its N-terminus by a spacer peptide and a classical peptide agonist or antagonist (des-Arg9-BK, [Leu8]des-Arg9-BK, respectively). The design of the spacer-ligand joint peptide was validated by a competition assay for [3H]Lys-des-Arg9-BK binding to the human B1R applied to 4 synthetic peptides of 18 or 19 residues. The labeling of B1R-expressing cells with EGFP or mCherry fused with 7 of such peptides was performed in parallel (microscopy). Both assays indicated that the best design was FP-(Asn-Gly)n-Lys-des-Arg9-BK; n = 15 was superior to n = 5, suggesting benefits from minimizing steric hindrance between the FP and the receptor. Cell labeling concerned mostly plasma membranes and was inhibited by a B1R antagonist. EGFP-(Asn-Gly)15-Lys-des-Arg9-BK competed for the binding of [3H]Lys-des-Arg9-BK to human recombinant B1R, being only 10-fold less potent than the unlabeled form of Lys-des-Arg9-BK to do so. The fusion protein did not label HEK 293a cells expressing recombinant human BK B2 receptors or angiotensin converting enzyme. This study identifies a modular C-terminal sequence that can be adapted to protein cargoes, conferring high affinity for the BK B1R, with possible applications in diagnostic cytofluorometry, histology and drug delivery (e.g., in oncology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Charest-Morin
- Centre de recherche en rhumatologie et immunologie, CHU de Québec and Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - François Marceau
- Centre de recherche en rhumatologie et immunologie, CHU de Québec and Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
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Yasuda J, Takada L, Kajiwara Y, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Endostatin inhibits bradykinin-induced cardiac contraction. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1391-5. [PMID: 26050753 PMCID: PMC4667655 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
.Endogenous fragments of extracellular matrix are known to possess various biological
effects. Levels of endostatin, a fragment of collagen type XVIII, increase in certain
cardiac diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction. However, the
influence of endostatin on cardiac contraction has not been clarified. In the present
study, we investigated the effects of endostatin on bradykinin-induced atrial contraction.
Isometric contractile force of mouse isolated left atria induced by electrical current
pulse was measured. Voltage-dependent calcium current of guinea pig ventricular myocytes
was measured by a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Endostatin (100–1,000
ng/ml) alone treatment had no influence on left atrial
contraction. On the other hand, pretreatment with endostatin (300
ng/ml) significantly inhibited bradykinin (1
µM)-induced contraction and voltage-dependent calcium current. These
data suggest that endostatin may decrease bradykinin-induced cardiac contraction perhaps
through the inhibition of voltage-dependent calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Yasuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada city, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Roy C, Marceau E, Gera L, Marceau F. An in vitro reconstitution system to address the mechanism of the vascular expression of the bradykinin B1 receptor in response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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O'Donnell LA, Conway S, Rose RW, Nicolas E, Slifker M, Balachandran S, Rall GF. STAT1-independent control of a neurotropic measles virus challenge in primary neurons and infected mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:1915-23. [PMID: 22246627 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are chiefly nonrenewable; thus, cytolytic immune strategies to clear or control neurotropic viral infections could have lasting neurologic consequences. IFN-γ is a potent antiviral cytokine that is critical for noncytolytic clearance of multiple neurotropic viral infections, including measles virus (MV); however, the downstream pathways through which IFN-γ functions in neurons have not been defined. Unlike most cell types studied to date in which IFN-γ affects gene expression via rapid and robust activation of STAT1, basal STAT1 levels in primary hippocampal neurons are constitutively low, resulting in attenuated STAT1 activation and consequently slower kinetics of IFN-γ-driven STAT1-dependent gene expression. Given this altered expression and activation of STAT1 in neurons, we sought to determine whether STAT1 was required for IFN-γ-mediated protection from infection in neurons. To do so, we evaluated the consequences of MV challenge of STAT1-deficient mice and primary hippocampal neurons explanted from these mice. Surprisingly, the absence of STAT1 did not restrict the ability of IFN-γ to control viral infection either in vivo or ex vivo. Moreover, the canonical IFN-γ-triggered STAT1 gene expression profile was not induced in STAT1-deficient neurons, suggesting that IFN-γ regulates neuronal STAT1-independent pathways to control viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A O'Donnell
- Program in Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Gera L, Bawolak MT, Roy C, Lodge R, Marceau F. Design of Fluorescent Bradykinin Analogs: Application to Imaging of B2 Receptor-Mediated Agonist Endocytosis and Trafficking and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 337:33-41. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.177147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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