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Ahmed A, Bibi A, Valoti M, Fusi F. Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone: Friends or Foes? Cells 2023; 12:cells12081196. [PMID: 37190105 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a specialized type of adipose tissue that surrounds most mammalian blood vessels. PVAT is a metabolically active, endocrine organ capable of regulating blood vessel tone, endothelium function, vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proliferation, and contributing critically to cardiovascular disease onset and progression. In the context of vascular tone regulation, under physiological conditions, PVAT exerts a potent anticontractile effect by releasing a plethora of vasoactive substances, including NO, H2S, H2O2, prostacyclin, palmitic acid methyl ester, angiotensin 1-7, adiponectin, leptin, and omentin. However, under certain pathophysiological conditions, PVAT exerts pro-contractile effects by decreasing the production of anticontractile and increasing that of pro-contractile factors, including superoxide anion, angiotensin II, catecholamines, prostaglandins, chemerin, resistin, and visfatin. The present review discusses the regulatory effect of PVAT on vascular tone and the factors involved. In this scenario, dissecting the precise role of PVAT is a prerequisite to the development of PVAT-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aasia Bibi
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Tobbalseghir-Belarbi I, Khennaf-Hamlat N, Neggazi S, Beylot M, Aouichat-Bouguerra S. Evaluation of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Adipose Tissue of Hypertensive Lyon Rats. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022140047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mitidieri E, Turnaturi C, Vanacore D, Sorrentino R, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R. The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Hydrogen Sulfide in the Control of Vascular Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:84-97. [PMID: 35442088 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Emerging evidence suggests that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has a relevant role in the control of vascular tone in physiology and pathology. Healthy PVAT has anticontractile, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative actions. Accumulating data from both human and experimental animal models indicate that PVAT dysfunction is conceivably coupled to cardiovascular diseases, and it is associated with vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and arterial remodeling. Therefore, "healthy" PVAT may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recent Advances: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as a vascular anti-contractile factor released from PVAT. The enzymes deputed to H2S biosynthesis are variously expressed in PVAT and strictly dependent on the vascular bed and species. Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases can alter the morphological and secretory characteristics of PVAT, influencing also the H2S signaling. Here, we discuss the role of PVAT-derived H2S in healthy conditions and its relevance in alterations occurring in vascular disorders. Critical Issues: We discuss how a better understanding may help in the prevention of vascular dysfunction related to alteration in PVAT-released H2S as well as the importance of the interplay between PVAT and H2S. Future Directions: We propose future directions to evaluate the contribution of each enzyme involved in H2S biosynthesis and their alteration/switch occurring in vascular disorders and the remaining challenges in investigating the role of H2S. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 84-97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Turnaturi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Vanacore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Victorio JA, Guizoni DM, Freitas IN, Araujo TR, Davel AP. Effects of High-Fat and High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Obesity on PVAT Modulation of Vascular Function in Male and Female Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720224. [PMID: 34566644 PMCID: PMC8460896 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased adiposity in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been related to vascular dysfunction. High-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity models are often used to analyze the translational impact of obesity, but differences in sex and Western diet type complicate comparisons between studies. The role of PVAT was investigated in small mesenteric arteries (SMAs) of male and female mice fed a HF or a HF plus high-sucrose (HF + HS) diet for 3 or 5 months and compared them to age/sex-matched mice fed a chow diet. Vascular responses of SMAs without (PVAT-) or with PVAT (PVAT+) were evaluated. HF and HF + HS diets increased body weight, adiposity, and fasting glucose and insulin levels without affecting blood pressure and circulating adiponectin levels in both sexes. HF or HF + HS diet impaired PVAT anticontractile effects in SMAs from females but not males. PVAT-mediated endothelial dysfunction in SMAs from female mice after 3 months of a HF + HS diet, whereas in males, this effect was observed only after 5 months of HF + HS diet. However, PVAT did not impact acetylcholine-induced relaxation in SMAs from both sexes fed HF diet. The findings suggest that the addition of sucrose to a HF diet accelerates PVAT dysfunction in both sexes. PVAT dysfunction in response to both diets was observed early in females compared to age-matched males suggesting a susceptibility of the female sex to PVAT-mediated vascular complications in the setting of obesity. The data illustrate the importance of the duration and composition of obesogenic diets for investigating sex-specific treatments and pharmacological targets for obesity-induced vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaira A Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniele M Guizoni
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Israelle N Freitas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago R Araujo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center-OCRC, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana P Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Sowka A, Dobrzyn P. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Adiponectin in Vascular Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061485. [PMID: 34204799 PMCID: PMC8231548 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of adipose tissue biology have demonstrated that adipose tissue should be considered as both passive, energy-storing tissue and an endocrine organ because of the secretion of adipose-specific factors, called adipokines. Adiponectin is a well-described homeostatic adipokine with metabolic properties. It regulates whole-body energy status through the induction of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Adiponectin also has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, making it an interesting subject of biomedical studies. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a fat depot that is conterminous to the vascular wall and acts on it in a paracrine manner through adipokine secretion. PVAT-derived adiponectin can act on the vascular wall through endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The present review describes adiponectin's structure, receptors, and main signaling pathways. We further discuss recent studies of the extent and nature of crosstalk between PVAT-derived adiponectin and endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, we argue whether adiponectin and its receptors may be considered putative therapeutic targets.
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Abramavicius S, Petersen AG, Renaltan NS, Prat-Duran J, Torregrossa R, Stankevicius E, Whiteman M, Simonsen U. GYY4137 and Sodium Hydrogen Sulfide Relaxations Are Inhibited by L-Cysteine and K V7 Channel Blockers in Rat Small Mesenteric Arteries. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613989. [PMID: 33841145 PMCID: PMC8032876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Donors of H2S may be beneficial in treating cardiovascular diseases where the plasma levels of H2S are decreased. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms involved in relaxation of small arteries induced by GYY4137 [(4-methoxyphenyl)-morpholin-4-yl-sulfanylidene-sulfido-λ5-phosphane;morpholin-4-ium], which is considered a slow-releasing H2S donor. Sulfides were measured by use of 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitro benzoic acid), and small rat mesenteric arteries with internal diameters of 200–250 µm were mounted in microvascular myographs for isometric tension recordings. GYY4137 produced similar low levels of sulfides in the absence and the presence of arteries. In U46619-contracted small mesenteric arteries, GYY4137 (10−6–10–3 M) induced concentration-dependent relaxations, while a synthetic, sulfur-free, GYY4137 did not change the vascular tone. L-cysteine (10−6–10–3 M) induced only small relaxations reaching 24 ± 6% at 10–3 M. Premixing L-cysteine (10–3 M) with Na2S and GYY4137 decreased Na2S relaxation and abolished GYY4137 relaxation, an effect prevented by an nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). In arteries without endothelium or in the presence of L-NAME, relaxation curves for GYY4137 were rightward shifted. High extracellular K+ concentrations decreased Na2S and abolished GYY4137 relaxation suggesting potassium channel-independent mechanisms are also involved Na2S relaxation while potassium channel activation is pivotal for GYY4137 relaxation in small arteries. Blockers of large-conductance calcium-activated (BKCa) and voltage-gated type 7 (KV7) potassium channels also inhibited GYY4137 relaxations. The present findings suggest that L-cysteine by reaction with Na2S and GYY4137 and formation of sulfides, inhibits relaxations by these compounds. The low rate of release of H2S species from GYY4137 is reflected by the different sensitivity of these relaxations towards high K+ concentration and potassium channel blockers compared with Na2S. The perspective is that the rate of release of sulfides plays an important for the effects of H2S salt vs. donors in small arteries, and hence for a beneficial effect of GYY4137 for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvijus Abramavicius
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Asbjørn G Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nirthika S Renaltan
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Judit Prat-Duran
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Edgaras Stankevicius
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Victorio JA, da Costa RM, Tostes RC, Davel AP. Modulation of Vascular Function by Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Sex Differences. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3768-3777. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701211912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the endothelium, the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been described to be involved
in the local modulation of vascular function by synthetizing and releasing vasoactive factors. Under
physiological conditions, PVAT has anticontractile and anti-inflammatory effects. However, in the context of
hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes, the PVAT pattern of anticontractile adipokines is altered, favoring
oxidative stress, inflammation and, consequently, vascular dysfunction. Therefore, dysfunctional PVAT has become
a target for therapeutic intervention in cardiometabolic diseases. An increasing number of studies have
revealed sex differences in PVAT morphology and in the modulatory effects of PVAT on endothelial function
and vascular tone. Moreover, distinct mechanisms underlying PVAT dysfunction may account for vascular abnormalities
in males and females. Therefore, targeting sex-specific mechanisms of PVAT dysfunction in cardiovascular
diseases is an evolving strategy for cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamaira A. Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael M. da Costa
- Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Goias-Jatai, Jatai-GO, Brazil
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P. Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil
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Chang L, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Regulates Vascular Function by Targeting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1094-1109. [PMID: 32188271 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.312464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are present at multiple locations in the body. Most blood vessels are surrounded with adipose tissue which is referred to as perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Similarly to adipose tissues at other locations, PVAT harbors many types of cells which produce and secrete adipokines and other undetermined factors which locally modulate PVAT metabolism and vascular function. Uncoupling protein-1, which is considered as a brown fat marker, is also expressed in PVAT of rodents and humans. Thus, compared with other adipose tissues in the visceral area, PVAT displays brown-like characteristics. PVAT shows a distinct function in the cardiovascular system compared with adipose tissues in other depots which are not adjacent to the vascular tree. Growing and extensive studies have demonstrated that presence of normal PVAT is required to maintain the vasculature in a functional status. However, excessive accumulation of dysfunctional PVAT leads to vascular disorders, partially through alteration of its secretome which, in turn, affects vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. In this review, we highlight the cross talk between PVAT and vascular smooth muscle cells and its roles in vascular remodeling and blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
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Samano N, Souza D, Pinheiro BB, Kopjar T, Dashwood M. Twenty-Five Years of No-Touch Saphenous Vein Harvesting for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Structural Observations and Impact on Graft Performance. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 35:91-99. [PMID: 32270965 PMCID: PMC7089755 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2019-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The saphenous vein is the most common conduit used in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) yet its failure rate is higher compared to arterial grafts. An improvement in saphenous vein graft performance is therefore a major priority in CABG. No-touch harvesting of the saphenous vein is one of the few interventions that has shown improved patency rates, comparable to that of the left internal thoracic artery. After more than two decades of no-touch research, this technique is now recognized as a Class IIa recommendation in the 2018 European Society of Cardiology and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery guidelines on myocardial revascularization. In this review, we describe the structural alterations that occur in conventional versus no-touch saphenous vein grafts and how these changes affect graft patency. In addition, we discuss various strategies aimed at repairing saphenous vein grafts prepared at conventional CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninos Samano
- Örebro University Faculty of Medicine and Health Örebro Sweden Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery and University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Domingos Souza
- Örebro University Faculty of Medicine and Health Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Örebro Sweden Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bruno Botelho Pinheiro
- Hospital do Coração Anis Rassi Department Cardiovascular Surgery Goiânia GO Brazil Department Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital do Coração Anis Rassi, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Tomislav Kopjar
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb University of Zagreb School of Medicine Department of Cardiac Surgery Zagreb Croatia Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michael Dashwood
- University College London Medical School Royal Free Hospital Campus Surgical and Interventional Sciences London UK Surgical and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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Saxton SN, Withers SB, Nyvad J, Mazur A, Matchkov V, Heagerty AM, Aalkjær C. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Contributes to the Modulation of Vascular Tone in vivo. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:320-332. [PMID: 31550717 DOI: 10.1159/000502689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) reduces vascular tone in isolated arteries in vitro, however there are no studies of PVAT effects on vascular tone in vivo. In vitro adipocyte β3-adrenoceptors play a role in PVAT function via secretion of the vasodilator adiponectin. OBJECTIVE We have investigated the effects of PVAT on vessel diameter in vivo, and the contributions of β3-adrenoceptors and adiponectin. METHOD In anaesthetised rats, sections of the intact mesenteric bed were visualised and the diameter of arteries was recorded. Arteries were stimulated with electrical field stimulation (EFS), noradrenaline (NA), arginine-vasopressin (AVP), and acetylcholine (Ach). RESULTS We report that in vivo, stimulation of PVAT with EFS, NA, and AVP evokes a local anti-constrictive effect on the artery, whilst PVAT exerts a pro-contractile effect on arteries subjected to Ach. The anti-constrictive effect of PVAT stimulated with EFS and NA was significantly reduced using β3-adrenoceptor inhibition, and activation of β3-adrenoceptors potentiated the anti-constrictive effect of vessels stimulated with EFS, NA, and AVP. The β3-adrenoceptor agonist had no effect on mesenteric arteries with PVAT removed. A blocking peptide for adiponectin receptor 1 polyclonal antibody reduced the PVAT anti-constrictive effect in arteries stimulated with EFS and NA, indicating that adiponectin may be the anti-constrictive factor released upon β3-adrenoceptor activation. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly demonstrate that PVAT plays a paracrine role in regulating local vascular tone in vivo, and therefore may contribute to the modulation of blood pressure. This effect is mediated via adipocyte β3-adrenoceptors, which may trigger release of the vasodilator adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Nyvad
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Aalkjær
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the local aggregate of adipose tissue surrounding the vascular tree, exhibiting phenotypes from white to brown and beige adipocytes. Although PVAT has long been regarded as simply a structural unit providing mechanical support to vasculature, it is now gaining reputation as an integral endocrine/paracrine component, in addition to the well-established modulator endothelium, in regulating vascular tone. Since the discovery of anti-contractile effect of PVAT in 1991, the use of multiple rodent models of reduced amounts of PVAT has revealed its regulatory role in vascular remodeling and cardiovascular implications, including atherosclerosis. PVAT does not only release PVAT-derived relaxing factors (PVRFs) to activate multiple subsets of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle potassium channels and anti-inflammatory signals in the vasculature, but it does also provide an interface for neuron-adipocyte interactions in the vascular wall to regulate arterial vascular tone. In this review, we outline our current understanding towards PVAT and attempt to provide hints about future studies that can sharpen the therapeutic potential of PVAT against cardiovascular diseases and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Hamidah Abu Bakar
- Health Sciences Department, Universiti Selangor, 40000, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC)-a joint cooperation between the Charité-University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.
- Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Influence of Age on Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9314260. [PMID: 30800212 PMCID: PMC6360033 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9314260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and its vasomodulatory effects play an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of blood vessels. Alterations in PVAT associated with reduction in its anticontractile influence are proven to contribute to vascular dysfunction in hypertension. The aim of this study was to examine whether the changes in PVAT properties could participate in progression of vascular abnormalities in developing spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR, both in 5th and in 12th week of age, were used. Systolic blood pressure was similar between WKY rats and SHR in 5th week of age; however, in 12th week, it was significantly increased in SHR comparing to WKY rats. The amount of retroperitoneal fat was higher in WKY rats in both age groups, whereas body weight was higher in WKY rats only in 12th week, when compared to age-matched SHR. From isolated superior mesenteric arteries, two ring preparations were prepared for isometric tension recording, one with PVAT intact and other with PVAT removed. In WKY rats as well as in SHR, arterial contractile responses to noradrenaline, applied cumulatively on rings, were significantly inhibited in the presence of intact PVAT. In both age groups, anticontractile effect of PVAT was higher in WKY rats than in SHR. Neurogenic contractions, induced by electrical stimulation of perivascular sympathoadrenergic nerves, were significantly attenuated in the presence of PVAT in WKY mesenteric arteries from both age groups; however, in arteries from SHR, intact PVAT had no influence on this type of contractile responses. The results suggest that in SHR impairment of anticontractile effect of PVAT precedes hypertension and might contribute to its development.
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13
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Byron KL, Brueggemann LI. Kv7 potassium channels as signal transduction intermediates in the control of microvascular tone. Microcirculation 2018; 25. [PMID: 28976052 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels are recognized as important regulators of cellular functions in most, if not all cell types. These cellular proteins assemble to form gated pores in the plasma membrane, which serve to regulate the flow of potassium ions (K+ ) from the cytosol to the extracellular space. In VSMCs, the open state of potassium channels enables the efflux of K+ and thereby establishes a negative resting voltage across the plasma membrane that inhibits the opening of VSCCs. Under these conditions, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations are relatively low and Ca2+ -dependent contraction is inhibited. Recent research has identified Kv7 family potassium channels as important contributors to resting membrane voltage in VSMCs, with much of the research focusing on the effects of drugs that specifically activate or block these channels to produce corresponding effects on VSMC contraction and vascular tone. Increasingly, evidence is emerging that these channels are not just good drug targets-they are also essential intermediates in vascular signal transduction, mediating vasoconstrictor or vasodilator responses to a variety of physiological stimuli. This review will summarize recent research findings that support a crucial function of Kv7 channels in both positive (vasoconstrictive) and negative (vasorelaxant) regulation of microvascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Byron
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lyubov I Brueggemann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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14
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Zemančíková A, Török J. Effect of perivascular adipose tissue on arterial adrenergic contractions in normotensive and hypertensive rats with high fructose intake. Physiol Res 2018; 66:S537-S544. [PMID: 29355382 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high fructose intake associated with moderate increase in adiposity on rat arterial adrenergic responses and their modulation by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). After eight-week-lasting substitution of drinking water with 10 % fructose solution in adult normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), their systolic blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, and relative liver weight were elevated when compared to their respective control groups. Moreover, in SHR, body weight and relative heart weight were increased after treatment with fructose. In superior mesenteric arteries, PVAT exerted inhibitory influence on adrenergic contractile responses and this effect was markedly stronger in control WKY than in SHR. In fructose-administered WKY, arterial adrenergic contractions were substantially reduced in comparison with the control group; this was caused mainly by enhancement of anticontractile action of PVAT. The diminution of the mesenteric arterial contractions was not observed after fructose treatment in SHR. We conclude that the increase in body adiposity due to fructose overfeeding in rats might have prehypertensive effect. However, in WKY it might cause PVAT-dependent and independent reduction in arterial contractile responses to adrenergic stimuli, which could attenuate the pathological elevation in vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zemančíková
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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15
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Bussey CE, Withers SB, Saxton SN, Bodagh N, Aldous RG, Heagerty AM. β 3 -Adrenoceptor stimulation of perivascular adipocytes leads to increased fat cell-derived NO and vascular relaxation in small arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3685-3698. [PMID: 29980164 PMCID: PMC6109217 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose In response to noradrenaline, healthy perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anticontractile effect on adjacent small arterial tissue. Organ bath solution transfer experiments have demonstrated the release of PVAT‐derived relaxing factors that mediate this function. The present studies were designed to investigate the mechanism responsible for the noradrenaline‐induced PVAT anticontractile effect. Experimental Approach In vitro rat small arterial contractile function was assessed using wire myography in the presence and absence of PVAT and the effects of sympathomimetic stimulation on the PVAT environment explored using Western blotting and assays of organ bath buffer. Key Results PVAT elicited an anticontractile effect in response to noradrenaline but not phenylephrine stimulation. In arteries surrounded by intact PVAT, the β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, CL‐316243, reduced the vasoconstrictor effect of phenylephrine but not noradrenaline. Kv7 channel inhibition using XE 991 reversed the noradrenaline‐induced anticontractile effect in exogenously applied PVAT studies. Adrenergic stimulation of PVAT with noradrenaline and CL‐316243, but not phenylephrine, was associated with increased adipocyte‐derived NO production, and the contractile response to noradrenaline was augmented following incubation of exogenous PVAT with L‐NMMA. PVAT from eNOS−/− mice had no anticontractile effect. Assays of adipocyte cAMP demonstrated an increase with noradrenaline stimulation implicating Gαs signalling in this process. Conclusions and Implications We have shown that adipocyte‐located β3‐adrenoceptor stimulation leads to activation of Gαs signalling pathways with increased cAMP and the release of adipocyte‐derived NO. This process is dependent upon Kv7 channel function. We conclude that adipocyte‐derived NO plays a central role in anticontractile activity when rodent PVAT is stimulated by noradrenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Bussey
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Sophie N Saxton
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Bodagh
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert G Aldous
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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16
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Wang N, Kuczmanski A, Dubrovska G, Gollasch M. Palmitic Acid Methyl Ester and Its Relation to Control of Tone of Human Visceral Arteries and Rat Aortas by Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2018; 9:583. [PMID: 29875688 PMCID: PMC5974537 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts anti-contractile effects on visceral arteries by release of various perivascular relaxing factors (PVRFs) and opening voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Palmitic acid methyl ester (PAME) has been proposed as transferable PVRF in rat aorta. Here, we studied PVAT regulation of arterial tone of human mesenteric arteries and clarified the contribution of Kv channels and PAME in the effects. Methods: Wire myography was used to measure vasocontractions of mesenteric artery rings from patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Isolated aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats were studied for comparison. PVAT was either left intact or removed from the arterial rings. Vasocontractions were induced by external high K+ (60 mM), serotonin (5-HT) or phenylephrine. PAME (10 nM−3 μM) was used as vasodilator. Kv channels were blocked by XE991, a Kv7 (KCNQ) channel inhibitor, or by 4-aminopyridine, a non-specific Kv channel inhibitor. PAME was measured in bathing solutions incubated with rat peri-aortic or human visceral adipose tissue. Results: We found that PVAT displayed anti-contractile effects in both human mesenteric arteries and rat aortas. The anti-contractile effects were inhibited by XE991 (30 μM). PAME (EC50 ~1.4 μM) was capable to produce relaxations of PVAT-removed rat aortas. These effects were abolished by XE991 (30 μM), but not 4-aminopyridine (2 mM) or NDGA (10 μM), a lipoxygenases inhibitor. The cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor 17-octadecynoic acid (ODYA 10 μM) and the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 12-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido)-dodecanoic acid (AUDA 10 μM) slightly decreased PAME relaxations. PAME up to 10 μM failed to induce relaxations of PVAT-removed human mesenteric arteries. 5-HT induced endogenous PAME release from rat peri-aortic adipose tissue, but not from human visceral adipose tissue. Conclusions: Our data also suggest that Kv7 channels are involved in the anti-contractile effects of PVAT on arterial tone in both rat aorta and human mesenteric arteries. PAME could contribute to PVAT relaxations by activating Kv7 channels in rat aorta, but not in human mesenteric arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Artur Kuczmanski
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Galyna Dubrovska
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Medical Clinic of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Kong LR, Zhou YP, Chen DR, Ruan CC, Gao PJ. Decrease of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Browning Is Associated With Vascular Dysfunction in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats During Aging. Front Physiol 2018; 9:400. [PMID: 29720945 PMCID: PMC5915562 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is necessary to maintain vascular physiology through both mechanical support and endocrine or paracrine ways. PVAT shows a brown adipose tissue (BAT)-like feature and the browning level of PVAT is dependent on the anatomic location and species. However, it is not clear whether PVAT browning is involved in the vascular tone regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). In the present study, we aimed to illustrate the effect of aging on PVAT browning and subsequent vasomotor reaction in SHRs. Herein we utilized histological staining and western blot to detect the characteristics of thoracic PVAT (tPVAT) in 8-week-old and 16-week-old SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. We also detected vascular reactivity analysis to determine the effect of tPVAT on vasomotor reaction during aging. The results showed that tPVAT had a similar phenotype to BAT, including smaller adipocyte size and positive uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) staining. Interestingly, the tPVAT of 8-week-old SHR showed increased BAT phenotypic marker expression compared to WKY, whereas the browning level of tPVAT had a more dramatic decrease from 8 to 16 weeks of age in SHR than age-matched WKY rats. The vasodilation effect of tPVAT on aortas had no significant difference in 8-week-old WKY and SHR, whereas this effect is obviously decreased in 16-week-old SHR compared to WKY. In contrast, tPVAT showed a similar vasoconstriction effect in 8- or 16-week-old WKY and SHR rats. Moreover, we identified an important vasodilator adenosine, which regulates adipocyte browning and may be a potential PVAT-derived relaxing factor. Adenosine is dramatically decreased from 8 to 16 weeks of age in the tPVAT of SHR. In summary, aging is associated with a decrease of tPVAT browning and adenosine production in SHR rats. These may result in attenuated vasodilation effect of the tPVAT in SHR during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ran Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension at Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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18
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Vestergaard LP, Benhassen L, Modrau IS, de Paoli F, Boedtkjer E. Increased Contractile Function of Human Saphenous Vein Grafts Harvested by "No-Touch" Technique. Front Physiol 2018; 8:1135. [PMID: 29379447 PMCID: PMC5770882 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Saphenous vein grafts are the most common conduits used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); however, no more than 60% of vein grafts remain open after 10 years and graft failure is associated with poor clinical outcome. The “no-touch” harvesting technique—where a sheet of perivascular tissue is retained around the vein—improves graft patency to over 80% after 16 years of follow-up, but the mechanism for the improved patency rate is unclear. In this study, we investigated acute functional differences between vein grafts harvested conventionally and by “no-touch” technique and explored the importance of perivascular tissue for reducing surgical trauma, minimizing excessive distension, and releasing vasoactive paracrine factors. Segments of human saphenous veins were obtained from CABG surgery and their functional properties investigated by isometric and isobaric myography. We found a broad diameter-tension relationship for human saphenous veins, with peak capacity for active tension development at diameters corresponding to transmural pressures around 60 mmHg. Across the investigated transmural pressure range between 10 and 120 mmHg, maximal tension development was higher for “no-touch” compared to conventionally harvested saphenous veins. Contractile responses to serotonin, noradrenaline, and depolarization induced with elevated extracellular [K+] were significantly larger for saphenous veins harvested by “no-touch” compared to conventional technique. Conventional vein grafts are routinely pressurized manually in order to test for leaks; however, avoiding this distension procedure did not change the acute contractile function of the conventionally excised saphenous veins. In contrast, even though surgical removal of perivascular tissue during conventional harvesting was associated with a substantial decrease in force development, removal of perivascular tissue by careful dissection under a stereomicroscope only marginally affected contractile responses of veins harvested by “no-touch” technique. In conclusion, we show that saphenous veins harvested by “no-touch” technique have greater contractile capacity than veins harvested by conventional technique. The different capacity for smooth muscle contraction is not due to vasoactive substances released by the perivascular tissue. Instead, we propose that the larger tension development of saphenous veins harvested by “no-touch” technique reflects reduced surgical damage, which may have long-term consequences that contribute to the superior graft patency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Benhassen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ivy S Modrau
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank de Paoli
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Ramirez JG, O'Malley EJ, Ho WSV. Pro-contractile effects of perivascular fat in health and disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3482-3495. [PMID: 28257140 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is now recognized as an active player in vascular homeostasis. The expansion of PVAT in obesity and its possible role in vascular dysfunction have attracted much interest. In terms of the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure, PVAT has been shown to release vasoactive mediators, for instance, angiotensin peptides, reactive oxygen species, chemokines and cytokines. The secretory profile of PVAT is altered by obesity, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, leading to an imbalance between its pro-contractile and anti-contractile effects. PVAT adipocytes represent an important source of the mediators, but infiltrating immune cells may become more important under conditions of hypoxia and inflammation. This review describes recent advances in the effects of PVAT on the regulation of vascular tone, highlighting the evidence for a pro-contractile action in health and disease. The role of the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle, immune cells and probably perivascular nerves in PVAT function is also discussed. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ramirez
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - E J O'Malley
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - W S V Ho
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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20
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Laskowski M, Andersson C, Eliasson E, Golubinskaya V, Nilsson H. Potassium-Channel-Independent Relaxing Influence of Adipose Tissue on Mouse Carotid Artery. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:51-57. [PMID: 28334715 DOI: 10.1159/000458421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the cardiovascular consequences of obesity reportedly vary in different types of obesity, we investigated the influence of adipose tissue from different locales on the phenylephrine-induced tone of the mouse carotid artery. Vessels were mounted in a Mulvany-Halpern-type wire myograph, and adipose tissue, from the back (brown) or mesenteric or inguinal subcutaneous (white), was placed around the artery. Contractile responses to phenylephrine were not affected by brown adipose tissue but were reduced (p < 0.001) by either type of white adipose tissue, with no difference between the 2 locales. The relaxing effect persisted in the presence of the Kv7 channel inhibitor XE991 (10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone), the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide (1 µM), or the KV channel inhibitor 4-amino pyridine (1 mM), as well as after elevation of the extracellular potassium concentration to 30 mM. Contractions of rat carotid artery were equally reduced by mouse and rat subcutaneous adipose tissue. Thus, white, but not brown, adipose tissue reduces the adrenergic contractions of the carotid artery with no differences between the locales of origin, and the effect appears largely independent of potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Laskowski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Gollasch
- Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité – University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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22
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Bonde L, Shokouh P, Jeppesen PB, Boedtkjer E. Crosstalk between cardiomyocyte-rich perivascular tissue and coronary arteries is reduced in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:227-238. [PMID: 27042951 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM We tested the hypothesis that crosstalk between cardiomyocyte-rich perivascular tissue (PVT) and coronary arteries is altered in diabetes. METHODS We studied the vasoactive effects of PVT in arteries from the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat model of type 2 diabetes, streptozotocin (STZ)-treated Wistar rats with type 1 diabetes, and corresponding - heterozygous Zucker Lean (ZL) or vehicle-treated Wistar - control rats. Vasocontractile and vasorelaxant functions of coronary septal arteries with and without PVT were investigated using wire myography. RESULTS After careful removal of PVT, vasoconstriction in response to serotonin and thromboxane analogue U46619 was similar in arteries from ZDF and ZL rats, whereas depolarization-induced vasoconstriction - caused by elevating extracellular [K+ ] - was reduced in arteries from ZDF compared to ZL rats. PVT inhibited serotonin-, U46619- and depolarization-induced vasoconstriction in arteries from ZL rats, but this anticontractile influence of PVT was attenuated in arteries from ZDF rats. Methacholine-induced vasorelaxation was smaller in arteries from ZDF than ZL rats both with and without PVT, and the antirelaxant influence of PVT was comparable between arteries from ZDF and ZL rats. We observed no differences in vasoconstriction, vasorelaxation or PVT-dependent vasoactive effects between arteries from STZ- and vehicle-treated Wistar rats. CONCLUSION Anticontractile influences of PVT are attenuated in coronary arteries from ZDF rats but unaffected in arteries from STZ-treated rats. Signs of endothelial dysfunction are evident in coronary septal arteries - with and without PVT - from ZDF rats but not STZ-treated rats. We propose that altered signalling between cardiomyocyte-rich PVT and coronary arteries can contribute to cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Bonde
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - P. Shokouh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy; Aarhus Denmark
| | - P. B. Jeppesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - E. Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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23
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Loss of Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue on Pregnant Rats: A Potential Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:145-51. [PMID: 26848638 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation examined the effect of pregnancy on the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on the rat. Ring segments of the aorta, with and without PVAT, were set up in organ baths for isometric tension recording. In both groups, concentration-response curves to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were displaced to the right with a reduction of the maximum response in aorta segments with PVAT. The anticontractile effect of PVAT was attenuated on segments from pregnant rats. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), an inhibitor of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, enhanced 5-HT-induced contractions of aorta segments from pregnant and nonpregnant rats only when PVAT was attached. There was no difference in the effect of 4-aminopyridine on 5-HT-induced contractions of aorta segments with PVAT from pregnant and nonpregnant rats. There was also no significant difference in the expression of Kv7.4 channels in aorta segments (with PVAT) between pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected in PVAT from pregnant and nonpregnant rats. The level of TNF-α was significantly greater in PVAT from pregnant rats. Treatment of pregnant rats with pentoxyphyline significantly reduced the level of TNF-α in the PVAT and restored the anticontractile effect of PVAT on aorta segments from pregnant rats. Finally, TNF-α (10 ng/mL) potentiated 5-HT-induced contractions of PVAT-containing pregnant rat aorta. These results would suggest that the loss of anticontractile effect of PVAT in pregnant rat aorta could be due to enhanced production of TNF-α in the PVAT in these rats.
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24
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TÖRÖK J, ZEMANČÍKOVÁ A, KOCIANOVÁ Z. Interaction of Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Sympathetic Nerves in Arteries From Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S391-S399. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory action of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in modulation of arterial contraction has been recently recognized and contrasted with the prohypertensive effect of obesity in humans. In this study we demonstrated that PVAT might have opposing effect on sympatho-adrenergic contractions in different rat conduit arteries. In superior mesenteric artery isolated from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), PVAT exhibited inhibitory influence on the contractions to exogenous noradrenaline as well as to endogenous noradrenaline released from arterial sympathetic nerves during transmural electrical stimulation or after application of tyramine. In contrast, the abdominal aorta with intact PVAT responded with larger contractions to transmural electrical stimulation and tyramine when compared to the aorta after removing PVAT; the responses to noradrenaline were similar in both. This indicates that PVAT may contain additional sources of endogenous noradrenaline which could be responsible for the main difference in the modulatory effect of PVAT on adrenergic contractions between abdominal aortas and superior mesenteric arteries. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the anticontractile effect of PVAT in mesenteric arteries was reduced, and the removal of PVAT completely eliminated the difference in the dose-response curves to exogenous noradrenaline between SHR and WKY. These results suggest that in mesenteric artery isolated from SHR, the impaired anticontractile influence of PVAT might significantly contribute to its increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. TÖRÖK
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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25
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Jepps TA, Olesen SP, Greenwood IA, Dalsgaard T. Molecular and functional characterization of Kv 7 channels in penile arteries and corpus cavernosum of healthy and metabolic syndrome rats. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1478-90. [PMID: 26802314 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE KCNQ-encoded voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv 7) are involved in the regulation of vascular tone. In this study we evaluated the influence of Kv 7 channel activation on smooth muscle relaxation in rat penile arteries and corpus cavernosum from normal and spontaneously hypertensive, heart failure-prone (SHHF) rats - a rat model of human metabolic syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of KCNQ isoforms in penile tissue. Isometric tension was measured in intracavernous arterial rings and corpus cavernosum strips isolated from normal and SHHF rats. KEY RESULTS Transcripts for KCNQ3, KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 were detected in penile arteries and corpus cavernosum. KCNQ1 was only found in corpus cavernosum. Immunofluorescence signals to Kv 7.4 and Kv 7.5 were found in penile arteries, penile veins and corpus cavernosum. The Kv 7.2-7.5 activators, ML213 and BMS204352, relaxed pre-contracted penile arteries and corpus cavernosum independently of nitric oxide synthase or endothelium-derived hyperpolarization. Relaxations to sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an nitric oxide donor, were reduced by blocking Kv 7 channels with linopirdine in penile arteries and corpus cavernosum. In SHHF rat penile arteries and corpus cavernosum, relaxations to ML213 and BMS204352 were attenuated, and the blocking effect of linopirdine on sildenafil-induced and SNP-induced relaxations reduced. KCNQ3, KCNQ4 and KCNQ5 were down-regulated, and KCNQ1 was up-regulated in corpus cavernosum from SHHF rats. KCNQ1-5 transcripts remained unchanged in penile arteries from SHHF rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data suggest that Kv 7 channels play a role in erectile function and contribute to the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction, an early indicator of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Jepps
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S P Olesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I A Greenwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's, London, UK
| | - T Dalsgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Simonsen U, Boedtkjer E. New roles of factors from perivascular tissue in regulation of vascular tone. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:159-62. [PMID: 26495823 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - E. Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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27
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Ayala-Lopez N, Jackson WF, Burnett R, Wilson JN, Thompson JM, Watts SW. Organic cation transporter 3 contributes to norepinephrine uptake into perivascular adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1904-14. [PMID: 26432838 PMCID: PMC4698381 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00308.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) reduces vasoconstriction to norepinephrine (NE). A mechanism by which PVAT could function to reduce vascular contraction is by decreasing the amount of NE to which the vessel is exposed. PVATs from male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to test the hypothesis that PVAT has a NE uptake mechanism. NE was detected by HPLC in mesenteric PVAT and isolated adipocytes. Uptake of NE (10 μM) in mesenteric PVAT was reduced by the NE transporter (NET) inhibitor nisoxetine (1 μM, 73.68 ± 7.62%, all values reported as percentages of vehicle), the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (SERT) inhibitor citalopram (100 nM) with the organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) inhibitor corticosterone (100 μM, 56.18 ± 5.21%), and the NET inhibitor desipramine (10 μM) with corticosterone (100 μM, 61.18 ± 6.82%). Aortic PVAT NE uptake was reduced by corticosterone (100 μM, 53.01 ± 10.96%). Confocal imaging of mesenteric PVAT stained with 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styrl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (ASP(+)), a fluorescent substrate of cationic transporters, detected ASP(+) uptake into adipocytes. ASP(+) (2 μM) uptake was reduced by citalopram (100 nM, 66.68 ± 6.43%), corticosterone (100 μM, 43.49 ± 10.17%), nisoxetine (100 nM, 84.12 ± 4.24%), citalopram with corticosterone (100 nM and 100 μM, respectively, 35.75 ± 4.21%), and desipramine with corticosterone (10 and 100 μM, respectively, 50.47 ± 5.78%). NET protein was not detected in mesenteric PVAT adipocytes. Expression of Slc22a3 (OCT3 gene) mRNA and protein in PVAT adipocytes was detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. These end points support the presence of a transporter-mediated NE uptake system within PVAT with a potential mediator being OCT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ayala-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - Robert Burnett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - James N Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Janice M Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and
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Aalbaek F, Bonde L, Kim S, Boedtkjer E. Perivascular tissue inhibits rho-kinase-dependent smooth muscle Ca(2+) sensitivity and endothelium-dependent H2 S signalling in rat coronary arteries. J Physiol 2015; 593:4747-64. [PMID: 26350036 DOI: 10.1113/jp271006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between perivascular tissue (PVT) and the vascular wall modify artery tone and contribute to local blood flow regulation. Using isometric myography, fluorescence microscopy, membrane potential recordings and phosphospecific immunoblotting, we investigated the cellular mechanisms by which PVT affects constriction and relaxation of rat coronary septal arteries. PVT inhibited vasoconstriction to thromboxane, serotonin and α1 -adrenergic stimulation but not to depolarization with elevated extracellular [K(+) ]. When PVT was wrapped around isolated arteries or placed at the bottom of the myograph chamber, a smaller yet significant inhibition of vasoconstriction was observed. Resting membrane potential, depolarization to serotonin or thromboxane stimulation, and resting and serotonin-stimulated vascular smooth muscle [Ca(2+) ]-levels were unaffected by PVT. Serotonin-induced vasoconstriction was almost abolished by rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and modestly reduced by protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide X. PVT reduced phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT) at Thr850 by ∼40% in serotonin-stimulated arteries but had no effect on MYPT-phosphorylation in arteries depolarized with elevated extracellular [K(+) ]. The net anti-contractile effect of PVT was accentuated after endothelial denudation. PVT also impaired vasorelaxation and endothelial Ca(2+) responses to cholinergic stimulation. Methacholine-induced vasorelaxation was mediated by NO and H2 S, and particularly the H2 S-dependent (dl-propargylglycine- and XE991-sensitive) component was attenuated by PVT. Vasorelaxation to NO- and H2 S-donors was maintained in arteries with PVT. In conclusion, cardiomyocyte-rich PVT surrounding coronary arteries releases diffusible factors that reduce rho-kinase-dependent smooth muscle Ca(2+) sensitivity and endothelial Ca(2+) responses. These mechanisms inhibit agonist-induced vasoconstriction and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and suggest new signalling pathways for metabolic regulation of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Aalbaek
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Bonde
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Sukhan Kim
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Drägert K, Bhattacharya I, Pellegrini G, Seebeck P, Azzi A, Brown SA, Georgiopoulou S, Held U, Blyszczuk P, Arras M, Humar R, Hall MN, Battegay E, Haas E. Deletion of
Rictor
in Brain and Fat Alters Peripheral Clock Gene Expression and Increases Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2015; 66:332-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Drägert
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Indranil Bhattacharya
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Petra Seebeck
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Abdelhalim Azzi
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Steven A. Brown
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Stavroula Georgiopoulou
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Ulrike Held
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Przemyslaw Blyszczuk
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Margarete Arras
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Rok Humar
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Michael N. Hall
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Edouard Battegay
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
| | - Elvira Haas
- From the Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.) and Division of Surgical Research (M.A.), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Multimorbidity and University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging” (K.D., I.B., S.G., R.H, E.B., E.H.), Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse faculty (G.P.), Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (P.S.), Institute of Pharmacology and
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30
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Hu Z, Ma A, Zhang Y, Xi Y, Fan L, Wang T, Zhang T. Voltage-gated potassium+ channel expression in coronary artery smooth muscle cells of SHR and WKY. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:1725-31. [PMID: 25030407 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the expression of genes and the molecular characteristic of voltage-gated K(+) channels, which make great effort in maintaining and controlling smooth muscle contraction, cellular membrane potential, and intracellular calcium ion currents in artery smooth muscle cells of SHR and WKY. Expression of potassium ions family in coronary artery was detected through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction quantitatively. Significant levels of voltage-gated K(+) channels α1.2, α1.5, and β1.1 expression were all proved to be significantly higher in smooth muscles of SHR than WKY. Whole-cell voltage-gated K(+) channel currents were larger in SHR artery smooth muscles than the ones of WKY. Moreover, the voltage dependence of voltage-gated potassium channel activation was more negative in artery smooth muscle of SHR than that of WKY, while voltage dependence of availability was not different. The above diversity of voltage-gated potassium channel detected in gene expression and electrical character in coronary artery smooth muscle of SHR than that of WKY might be an underling mechanism associated with the membrane potential depolarization in artery smooth muscle of SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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31
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Oriowo MA. Perivascular adipose tissue, vascular reactivity and hypertension. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24 Suppl 1:29-37. [PMID: 24503717 PMCID: PMC6489082 DOI: 10.1159/000356380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most blood vessels are surrounded by a variable amount of adventitial adipose tissue, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which was originally thought to provide mechanical support for the vessel. It is now known that PVAT secretes a number of bioactive substances including vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin, insulin-like growth factor, interleukin-6, plasminogen activator substance, resistin and angiotensinogen. Several studies have shown that PVAT significantly modulated vascular smooth muscle contractions induced by a variety of agonists and electrical stimulation by releasing adipocyte-derived relaxing (ADRF) and contracting factors. The identity of ADRF is not yet known. However, several vasodilators have been suggested including adiponectin, angiotensin 1-7, hydrogen sulfide and methyl palmitate. The anticontractile effect of PVAT is mediated through the activation of potassium channels since it is abrogated by inhibiting potassium channels. Hypertension is characterized by a reduction in the size and amount of PVAT and this is associated with the attenuated anticontractile effect of PVAT in hypertension. However, since a reduction in size and amount of PVAT and the attenuated anticontractile effect of PVAT were already evident in prehypertensive rats with no evidence of impaired release of ADRF, there is the possibility that the anticontractile effect of PVAT was not directly related to an altered function of the adipocytes per se. Hypertension is characterized by low-grade inflammation and infiltration of macrophages. One of the adipokines secreted by macrophages is TNF-α. It has been shown that exogenously administered TNF-α enhanced agonist-induced contraction of a variety of vascular smooth muscle preparations and reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation. Other procontractile factors released by the PVAT include angiotensin II and superoxide. It is therefore possible that the loss could be due to an increased amount of these proinflammatory and procontractile factors. More studies are definitely required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabayoje A Oriowo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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Lee MHH, Chen SJ, Tsao CM, Wu CC. Perivascular adipose tissue inhibits endothelial function of rat aortas via caveolin-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99947. [PMID: 24926683 PMCID: PMC4057398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)-derived factors have been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), occupying the calcium/calmodulin binding site of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and then inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production, is also involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, we investigated whether PVAT regulated vascular tone via Cav-1 and/or endothelial NO pathways. Isometric tension studies were carried out in isolated thoracic aortas from Wistar rats in the presence and absence of PVAT. Concentration-response curves of phenylephrine, acetylcholine, and sodium nitroprusside were illustrated to examine the vascular reactivity and endothelial function. The protein expressions of eNOS and Cav-1 were also examined in aortic homogenates. Our results demonstrated that PVAT significantly enhanced vasoconstriction and inhibited vasodilatation via endothelium-dependent mechanism. The aortic NO production was diminished after PVAT treatment, whereas protein expression and activity of eNOS were not significantly affected. In addition, Cav-1 protein expression was significantly increased in aortas with PVAT transfer. Furthermore, a caveolae depleter methyl-β-cyclodextrin abolished the effect of PVAT on the enhancement of vasoconstriction, and reversed the impairment of aortic NO production. In conclusion, unknown factor(s) released from PVAT may inhibit endothelial NO production and induce vasocontraction via an increase of Cav-1 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hui-Hsin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Jen Chen
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Tsao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-MT); (C-CW)
| | - Chin-Chen Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-MT); (C-CW)
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Andrographolide protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyporeactivity by suppressing the expression of inducible nitric oxide in periaortic adipose. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:154-9. [PMID: 23575260 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31829497ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the beneficial effects of andrographolide on vascular reactivity in endotoxaemic rats. After being challenged by lipopolysaccharide (4 mg/kg intraperitoneally), the rats were treated with andrographolide (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The response to phenylephrine of aortic rings with or without PVAT was recorded. Vascular relaxing effect of PVAT was determined by bioassay experiments. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in aortic PVAT was tested by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lipopolysaccharide injection lowered the contraction force induced by phenylephrine in aortic rings with or without PVAT and andrographolide treatment reversed these effects. In bioassay experiments, transferring bathing solution incubated with a PVAT+ ring to a PVAT- ring induced relaxation in the recipient. This relaxing effect of PVAT from endotoxaemic rats was more potent than the rats treated with vehicles. Andrographolide treatment decreased the relaxing effect of PVAT in endotoxaemic rats. The levels of iNOS protein and messenger RNA in PVAT were significantly higher in endotoxaemic rats than in the rats treated with vehicles. Andrographolide treatment decreased PVAT iNOS protein and messenger RNA levels in endotoxaemic rats. Our results suggest that andrographolide restores vascular reactivity in endotoxaemic rats by downregulation of iNOS in PVAT.
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Mendizábal Y, Llorens S, Nava E. Vasoactive effects of prostaglandins from the perivascular fat of mesenteric resistance arteries in WKY and SHROB rats. Life Sci 2013; 93:1023-32. [PMID: 24200844 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have studied the vasoactive role of prostaglandins derived from perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and their effects on endothelial function in healthy rats and rats with metabolic syndrome (SHROB). MAIN METHODS Mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) from SHROB and control rats (WKY) were mounted on wire myographs: a) together with a sphere of naturally occurring perivascular adipose tissue (with-PVAT group), or b) dissecting all the adventitial tissue (without-PVAT group). KEY FINDINGS Endothelial function, tested by acetylcholine reactivity of SHROB arteries with PVAT, was significantly lower than that of WKY. With-PVAT arteries, especially the SHROB, showed lower responses than those without PVAT. NO synthase inhibition diminished the acetylcholine responses in every group except the with-PVAT SHROB group. Blockade of cyclooxygenase-2, PGI2-IP, TXA2-TP, or TXA2 synthase increased to different extents the arterial responses in the SHROB with-PVAT group. PVAT from both rat strains revealed cyclooxygenase-2 activity and immunoassay confirmed the release of PGE2, PGI2 and TXA2. SIGNIFICANCE Our major finding is that PVAT is a source of vasoactive prostaglandins in WKY and SHROB. We also report that the presence of visceral PVAT causes endothelial dysfunction of resistance arteries in the SHROB. The vascular responses to prostaglandins partly underlie the endothelial dysfunction of SHROB arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Mendizábal
- Area of Physiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, School of Medicine and Regional Centre for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Albacete, Spain
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Bełtowski J. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide in perivascular adipose tissue: role in the regulation of vascular tone in physiology and pathology. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:889-98. [PMID: 24117256 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is synthesized from L-cysteine by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) or cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and is enzymatically metabolized in mitochondria by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR). Recent studies have indicated that H2S is synthesized by CSE in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), and is responsible for the anticontractile effect of PVAT on adjacent vessels. The lipophilic statin atorvastatin increases PVAT-derived H2S by suppressing its mitochondrial oxidation; the effect that results from statin-induced depletion of ubiquinone. Experimental obesity induced by a highly palatable diet has a time-dependent effect on H2S in PVAT. Adipose tissue hypoxia suppresses H2S oxidation and increases its level in short-term obesity not associated with insulin resistance. In contrast, in long-term obesity, insulin resistance and (or) hyperinsulinemia result in the down-regulation of CSE and H2S deficiency, which is corrected by treatment with the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone. In addition, cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist administered for 2 weeks increases H2S by impairing mitochondria biogenesis. This indicates that the rate of mitochondrial H2S oxidation plays an important role in the regulation of H2S level in PVAT. Up-regulation of H2S signaling in short-term obesity and (or) by elevated endocannabinoids may be a compensatory mechanism that maintains vascular tone, despite endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Bełtowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University, ulica Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Szasz T, Bomfim GF, Webb RC. The influence of perivascular adipose tissue on vascular homeostasis. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9:105-16. [PMID: 23576873 PMCID: PMC3616689 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s33760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is now recognized as an active contributor to vascular function. Adipocytes and stromal cells contained within PVAT are a source of an ever-growing list of molecules with varied paracrine effects on the underlying smooth muscle and endothelial cells, including adipokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and gaseous compounds. Their secretion is regulated by systemic or local cues and modulates complex processes, including vascular contraction and relaxation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and vascular inflammation. Recent evidence demonstrates that metabolic and cardiovascular diseases alter the morphological and secretory characteristics of PVAT, with notable consequences. In obesity and diabetes, the expanded PVAT contributes to vascular insulin resistance. PVAT-derived cytokines may influence key steps of atherogenesis. The physiological anticontractile effect of PVAT is severely diminished in hypertension. Above all, a common denominator of the PVAT dysfunction in all these conditions is the immune cell infiltration, which triggers the subsequent inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxic processes to promote vascular dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the currently known mechanisms by which the PVAT influences blood vessel function. The important discoveries in the study of PVAT that have been made in recent years need to be further advanced, to identify the mechanisms of the anticontractile effects of PVAT, to explore the vascular-bed and species differences in PVAT function, to understand the regulation of PVAT secretion of mediators, and finally, to uncover ways to ameliorate cardiovascular disease by targeting therapeutic approaches to PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Szasz
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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