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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Tan J, Zhu H, Zeng Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Li M. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Neuroscience 2024; 546:118-142. [PMID: 38574799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common and fatal cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity, mortality and very poor prognosis worldwide. SAH can induce a complex series of pathophysiological processes, and the main factors affecting its prognosis are early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). The pathophysiological features of EBI mainly include intense neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and brain edema, while DCI is characterized by delayed onset ischemic neurological deficits and cerebral vasospasm (CVS). Despite much exploration in people to improve the prognostic outcome of SAH, effective treatment strategies are still lacking. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that natural compounds of plant origin have unique neuro- and vascular protective effects in EBI and DCI after SAH and long-term neurological deficits, which mainly include inhibition of inflammatory response, reduction of oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and improvement of blood-brain barrier and cerebral vasospasm. The aim of this paper is to systematically explore the processes of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in SAH, and to summarize natural compounds as potential targets for improving the prognosis of SAH and their related mechanisms of action for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Huaxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yanyang Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yeyu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Wu W, Huang J, Han P, Zhang J, Wang Y, Jin F, Zhou Y. Research Progress on Natural Plant Molecules in Regulating the Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7631. [PMID: 38005352 PMCID: PMC10674591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. With the aging population and the continuous development of risk factors associated with AD, it will impose a significant burden on individuals, families, and society. Currently, commonly used therapeutic drugs such as Cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists, and multiple AD pathology removal drugs have been shown to have beneficial effects on certain pathological conditions of AD. However, their clinical efficacy is minimal and they are associated with certain adverse reactions. Furthermore, the underlying pathological mechanism of AD remains unclear, posing a challenge for drug development. In contrast, natural plant molecules, widely available, offer multiple targeting pathways and demonstrate inherent advantages in modifying the typical pathologic features of AD by influencing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We provide a comprehensive review of recent in vivo and in vitro studies on natural plant molecules that impact the BBB in the treatment of AD. Additionally, we analyze their specific mechanisms to offer novel insights for the development of safe and effective targeted drugs as well as guidance for experimental research and the clinical application of drugs for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Pengfei Han
- Science and Education Section, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou 075041, China;
| | - Jian Zhang
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (W.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Wang MD, Zhang S, Liu XY, Wang PP, Zhu YF, Zhu JR, Lv CS, Li SY, Liu SF, Wen L. Salvianolic acid B ameliorates retinal deficits in an early-stage Alzheimer's disease mouse model through downregulating BACE1 and Aβ generation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2151-2168. [PMID: 37420104 PMCID: PMC10618533 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with subtle onset, early diagnosis remains challenging. Accumulating evidence suggests that the emergence of retinal damage in AD precedes cognitive impairment, and may serve as a critical indicator for early diagnosis and disease progression. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a bioactive compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown promise in treating neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and Parkinson's disease. In this study we investigated the therapeutic effects of Sal B on retinopathy in early-stage AD. One-month-old transgenic mice carrying five familial AD mutations (5×FAD) were treated with Sal B (20 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 3 months. At the end of treatment, retinal function and structure were assessed, cognitive function was evaluated in Morris water maze test. We showed that 4-month-old 5×FAD mice displayed distinct structural and functional deficits in the retinas, which were significantly ameliorated by Sal B treatment. In contrast, untreated, 4-month-old 5×FAD mice did not exhibit cognitive impairment compared to wild-type mice. In SH-SY5Y-APP751 cells, we demonstrated that Sal B (10 μM) significantly decreased BACE1 expression and sorting into the Golgi apparatus, thereby reducing Aβ generation by inhibiting the β-cleavage of APP. Moreover, we found that Sal B effectively attenuated microglial activation and the associated inflammatory cytokine release induced by Aβ plaque deposition in the retinas of 5×FAD mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that functional impairments in the retina occur before cognitive decline, suggesting that the retina is a valuable reference for early diagnosis of AD. Sal B ameliorates retinal deficits by regulating APP processing and Aβ generation in early AD, which is a potential therapeutic intervention for early AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xing-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Pan-Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jun-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chong-Shan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shi-Ying Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Sui-Feng Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
| | - Lei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for TCM Dampness Disease, Neurology & Immunology Research, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Sharari S, Vaikath NN, Tsakou M, Ghanem SS, Vekrellis K. Screening for Novel Inhibitors of Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Toxicity as Potential Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11326. [PMID: 37511086 PMCID: PMC10379574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AD is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory impairment and cognitive deficits. The pathology of AD is still unclear; however, several studies have shown that the aggregation of the Aβ peptide in the CNS is an exclusively pathological process involved in AD. Currently, there is no proven medication to cure or prevent the disease progression. Nevertheless, various therapeutic approaches for AD show only relief of symptoms and mostly work on cognitive recovery. However, one of the promising approaches for therapeutic intervention is to use inhibitors for blocking the Aβ peptide aggregation process. Recently, herbal phenolic compounds have been shown to have a therapeutic property for treatment of AD due to their multifaceted action. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of SA, Gn Rb1, and DMyr on inhibiting the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ40 and Aβ42 using different biochemical and cell-based assays. Our results showed that SA and DMyr inhibit Aβ40 and Aβ42 fibrillation, seeded aggregation, and toxicity. Gn Rb1 did not have any effect on the aggregation or toxicity induced by Aβ40 and Aβ42. Moreover, SA and DMyr were able to disaggregate the preformed fibrils. Overall, these compounds may be used alone or synergistically and could be considered as a lead for designing new compounds that could be used as effective treatment of AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Sharari
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Magdalini Tsakou
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Simona S Ghanem
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 5825, Qatar
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Satriano A, Laganà ML, Licastro E, Nucci C, Bagetta G, Russo R, Adornetto A. Neuroprotective Effect of a Nutritional Supplement Containing Spearmint Extract, Forskolin, Homotaurine and Group B Vitamins in a Mouse Model of Transient Ocular Hypertension. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051478. [PMID: 37239149 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the most common sight-threatening eye disorders and one of the main causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. The current therapies focusing on reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) are often insufficient to prevent the progression of the disease, so the therapeutic management of glaucoma remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective, IOP-lowering independent effects of a nutritional supplement containing forskolin, homotaurine, spearmint extract and vitamins of the B group in a model of acute glaucoma developed in mice. Glaucoma was induced in adult wild-type C57BL/6J mice by transient elevation of IOP. The dietary supplement, branded as Gangliomix® (125 mg/kg/day), was administered by oral gavage for 17 days and ocular hypertension was induced on the 10th day of treatment. A histological analysis of the retinas was performed and RGC survival was evaluated with fluorogold labeling and Brn3a immunostaining on wholemount and retinal sections. Expression of alpha-spectrin, caspase-3, PARP-1 and GFAP was studied with western blotting or immunofluorescence. A significant increase in RGC survival was reported in the retina of mice treated with the dietary supplement as compared to vehicle-treated animals. The observed neuroprotection was associated with a calpain activity decrease, reduction in caspase-3 and PARP-1 activation, and prevention of GFAP upregulation. These effects were independent from the hypotensive effects of the supplement. Altogether, our data suggest that the dietary supplementation with forskolin, homotaurine, spearmint extract and vitamins of the B group supports RGC survival and may offer beneficial effects in glaucoma patients in combination with the currently used IOP-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Satriano
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Laganà
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ester Licastro
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00173 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Rossella Russo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Annagrazia Adornetto
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Glaucoma Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Cunliffe G, Lim YT, Chae W, Jung S. Alternative Pharmacological Strategies for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on Neuromodulator Function. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123064. [PMID: 36551821 PMCID: PMC9776382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, comprising 70% of dementia diagnoses worldwide and affecting 1 in 9 people over the age of 65. However, the majority of its treatments, which predominantly target the cholinergic system, remain insufficient at reversing pathology and act simply to slow the inevitable progression of the disease. The most recent neurotransmitter-targeting drug for AD was approved in 2003, strongly suggesting that targeting neurotransmitter systems alone is unlikely to be sufficient, and that research into alternate treatment avenues is urgently required. Neuromodulators are substances released by neurons which influence neurotransmitter release and signal transmission across synapses. Neuromodulators including neuropeptides, hormones, neurotrophins, ATP and metal ions display altered function in AD, which underlies aberrant neuronal activity and pathology. However, research into how the manipulation of neuromodulators may be useful in the treatment of AD is relatively understudied. Combining neuromodulator targeting with more novel methods of drug delivery, such as the use of multi-targeted directed ligands, combinatorial drugs and encapsulated nanoparticle delivery systems, may help to overcome limitations of conventional treatments. These include difficulty crossing the blood-brain-barrier and the exertion of effects on a single target only. This review aims to highlight the ways in which neuromodulator functions are altered in AD and investigate how future therapies targeting such substances, which act upstream to classical neurotransmitter systems, may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the sustained search for more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Cunliffe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yi Tang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Woori Chae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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Ethnomedicinal Plants with Protective Effects against Beta-Amyloid Peptide (Aβ)1-42 Indicate Therapeutic Potential in a New In Vivo Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101865. [PMID: 36290588 PMCID: PMC9598277 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with unmet medical need. This investigation consisted of testing a range of ethanolic ethnomedicinal plant extracts (n = 18) traditionally used in the treatment of disorders such as anxiety, delirium, and memory loss. They were then screened for in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BuChE), beta-secretase 1/beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and antioxidant activities. Plants with potent activities were further characterised using a recently developed in vivo model of AD, Globodera pallida. The ability of phytoextracts to protect this organism against amyloid-beta Aβ (1-42) exposure was assessed by measuring chemosensing, survival rate, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant responses. Extracts (n = 5) from Juglans regia (leaves), Ellettaria cardamomum (seeds), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (bark), Salvia officinalis (leaves/flowers), and Hypericum perforatum (flowers) exerted concentration-dependent inhibitory activities against AChE and BuChE. Three of these plant extracts (i.e., J. regia, E. cardamomum, and S. officinalis) possessed strong concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against BACE1. Furthermore, the five selected medicinal plant extracts not only enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the nematode’s chemosensing, survival rate, and antioxidant responses (i.e., anti-ROS production, mitochondrial reductase activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio), but also greatly restored (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner the Aβ (1-42)-induced deleterious changes in these same parameters. In brief, this investigation highlights plant extracts with strong anti-AD activities which could be trialled as novel therapeutic supplements or undergo further biodiscovery research.
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Xu W, Jiang Y, Wang N, Bai H, Xu S, Xia T, Xin H. Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Complicated With Osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842101. [PMID: 35721142 PMCID: PMC9198449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are progressive degenerative diseases caused by multiple factors, placing a huge burden on the world. Much evidence indicates that OP is a common complication in AD patients. In addition, there is also evidence to show that patients with OP have a higher risk of AD than those without OP. This suggests that the association between the two diseases may be due to a pathophysiological link rather than one disease causing the other. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also proved their common pathogenesis. Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, some classic and specific natural Chinese medicines are widely used to effectively treat AD and OP. Current evidence also shows that these treatments can ameliorate both brain damage and bone metabolism disorder and further alleviate AD complicated with OP. These valuable therapies might provide effective and safe alternatives to major pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Bai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyan Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Murata I, Sugai T, Murakawa Y, Miyamoto Y, Kobayashi J, Inoue Y, Kanamoto I. Salvianolic acid B improves the survival rate, acute kidney dysfunction, inflammation and NETosis‑mediated antibacterial action in a crush syndrome rat model. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:320. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Murata
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350‑0295, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Sugai
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350‑0295, Japan
| | - Yumiko Murakawa
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350‑0295, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacotherapeutics and Neuropsychopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350‑0295, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350‑0295, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inoue
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350‑0295, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kanamoto
- Laboratory of Drug Safety Management, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Sakado, Saitama 350‑0295, Japan
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11
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Combination of Stem Cells with Chinese Herbs for Secondary Depression in Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Theories. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6847917. [PMID: 35280507 PMCID: PMC8913071 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6847917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common secondary symptom in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) caused by the loss of neurons and glial cells. Recent research focuses on stem cell therapy to replace dead nerve cells, but the low efficiency of stem cell differentiation and short survival time are obstacles limiting the therapy's effectiveness. Clinically, patients with different diseases cannot obtain the same effect by using the same cell therapy. However, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) often uses syndrome differentiation to determine the treatment plan for NDs. Based on TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, this article summarizes the advantages of Chinese herbal medicine combined with stem cell therapy, mainly for the effects of various herbs on diseases and stem cells, including prolonging the survival time of stem cells, resisting inflammation, and antidepressant-like effects. In particular, it analyzes the unique pathways of the influence of drugs and acupuncture on different therapies, seeking to clarify the scientific TCM system. This review mainly elaborates on the treatment of secondary depression in TCM and the advantages of a herbal combined stem cell therapy in various methods. We believe it can provide a new clinical concept for secondary depression to obtain good clinical effects and reduce the risks borne by patients.
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12
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Herbal Mixture of Carthamus tinctorius L. Seed and Taraxacum coreanum Attenuates Amyloid Beta-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction In Vivo. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020142. [PMID: 35053874 PMCID: PMC8774339 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the aging brain has been often observed and is thought to be a pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease. The use of natural products for disease prevention and treatment is gaining attention worldwide. Carthamus tinctorius L. seed and Taraxacum coreanum have been used as traditional medicines in Asian countries, where they have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. It has been demonstrated that the combination of C. tinctorius L. seed and T. coreanum has an effect on cognitive enhancement, indicating a ratio of 5:5 synergistically enhancing learning and memory abilities in comparison with a single treatment. Here, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of C. tinctorius L. seed and T. coreanum mixture (CT) at different concentrations on cognition in Aβ25-35-infused mice. CT-administered mice showed significant cognitive improvement in the T-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. Moreover, amyloidogenesis-related proteins, such as β-secretase and γ-secretase, were detected and their protein levels decreased after treatment with CT. Our study shows that CT attenuates cognitive dysfunction by improving learning and memory capability and regulating Aβ-related proteins in Aβ25-35-injected mice. These findings suggest that CT might be a candidate for functional food on cognitive improvement.
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Kwon YR, Kim JH, Lee S, Kim HY, Cho EJ. Protective effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa against cognitive impairment by regulating oxidative stress in an amyloid beta 25–35-induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:173-193. [PMID: 35392529 PMCID: PMC8971824 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most representative neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by the excessive production of amyloid beta (Aβ). Several studies on the antioxidant activity and protective effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa (PT) against cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage have been reported. Based on this background, the present study investigated the protective effects of PT against cognitive impairment in AD. MATERIALS/METHODS We orally administered PT (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for 14 days in an Aβ25-35-induced mouse model and conducted behavioral experiments to test cognitive ability. In addition, we evaluated the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum and measured the production of lipid peroxide, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues. RESULTS PT treatment improved the space perceptive ability in the T-maze test, object cognitive ability in the novel object recognition test, and spatial learning/long-term memory in the Morris water-maze test. Moreover, the levels of AST and ALT were not significantly different among the groups, indicating that PT did not show liver toxicity. Furthermore, administration of PT significantly inhibited the production of lipid peroxide, NO, and ROS in the brain, liver, and kidney, suggesting that PT protected against oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that administration of PT improved Aβ25–35-induced cognitive impairment by regulating oxidative stress. Therefore, we propose that PT could be used as a natural agent for AD improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
- Natural Product Institute of Science and Technology, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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14
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Ahmadi N, Steinberg A, Pynoos R, Mizutani S, Kashiwazaki H, Ni J, Wu Z. GSK3β is involved in promoting Alzheimer's disease pathologies following chronic systemic exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide in amyloid precursor protein NL-F/NL-F knock-in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:1-12. [PMID: 34391814 PMCID: PMC8849844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the strong association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinically, preclinical studies have shown that systemic exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) initiates AD pathologies. However, the involvement of periodontitis in promoting AD pathologies is unclear. In the present study, we provided evidence that chronic systemic exposure to lipopolysaccharide derived from Pg (PgLPS, 1 mg/kg, daily, intraperitoneally) prompted neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation in 10-month-old of amyloid precursor protein (APP) knock-in mice, a model of AD, carrying the Swedish and Beyreuther/Iberian mutation (APPNL-F/NL-F). The learning and memory function were assessed using the passive avoidance test. The production of APP, Amyloid (A)β1-42, cytokines, synaptic proteins and the activation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β as well as phosphorylation of tau were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the cortex of APPNL-F/NL-F mice. We found that systemic exposure of PgLPS for three consecutive weeks induced learning and memory deficits with significantly reduced postsynaptic density protein (PSD95). Increased hyperphosphorylation of tau in multiple residues, including Ser202, Thr231 and Ser396, but not the accumulation of Aβ1-42 was detected in the neurons of APPNL-F/NL-F mice. Furthermore, PgLPS increased the GSK3β activity by reducing its phosphorylation of the serine residue at position 9 (Ser9) and promoted neuroinflammation by increasing the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) while decreasing that of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor (TGFβ) in the cortex of APPNL-F/NL-F mice. Moreover, the PgLPS-increased GSK3β activity was detected in both microglia and neurons, while the PgLPS-increased TNF-α expression was mainly detected in the microglia in the cortex of APPNL-F/NL-F mice. In in vitro studies, PgLPS (1 µg/ml) stimulation increased the mRNA and protein level of TNF-α in MG6 microglia, which were significantly inhibited by the GSK3β-specific inhibitor TWS119. In contrast, the tau hyperphosphorylation and activation of GSK3β in N2a neurons were enhanced after treatment with conditioned medium from PgLPS-stimulated microglia, which was attenuated after pre-treatment with TNF-α inhibitor. Taken together, these findings indicate that GSK3β is involved in prompting microglia (TNF-α)-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation in neurons, resulting in learning and memory deficits in APPNL-F/NL-F mice without changes in the Aβ expression during chronic systemic exposure to PgLPS. We propose that dampening GSK3β activation may help delay the periodontitis-promoted pathological progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kashiwazaki
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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15
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Walczak-Nowicka ŁJ, Herbet M. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9290. [PMID: 34502198 PMCID: PMC8430571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation of pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases and slow down their course. The aim of this review is to present the role of AChE in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, this review aims to reveal the benefits of using AChE inhibitors to treat these diseases. The selected new AChE inhibitors were also assessed in terms of their potential use in the described disease entities. Designing and searching for new drugs targeting AChE may in the future allow the discovery of therapies that will be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8bStreet, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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16
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Sharafdini R, Mosaddeghi H. Inhibition of Insulin Amyloid Fibrillation by Salvianolic Acids and Calix[ n]arenes: Molecular Docking Insight. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s2737416521500332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ability of salvianolic acids A, B, C, F, G and calix[[Formula: see text]]arenes ([Formula: see text], 5, 6 and 8) with different upper rims in the inhibition of insulin amyloid fibril formation was studied using molecular docking. The results were analyzed from a molecular point of view. All of the considering ligands interacted with significant residues of insulin, which had a crucial role in the process of insulin fibrillation. The interactions among the ligands and insulin residues could be done through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with good binding affinity. So, these ligands could prevent the formation of the insulin fibril. The good consistency of the docking results of [Formula: see text]-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and [Formula: see text]-sulfonatocalix[6]arene with the experimental results in the previous literature represented the capacity of the current theoretical method to supplement and interpret experimental findings. Also, in this study, salvianolic acids A, C, F and G were suggested as new inhibitors of the insulin amyloid fibril.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Mosaddeghi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
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17
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Tseng YJ, Hung YC, Kuo CE, Chung CJ, Hsu CY, Muo CH, Hsu SF, Hu WL. Prescription of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza in Taiwan: A Population-Based Study Using the National Health Insurance Research Database. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719519. [PMID: 34393796 PMCID: PMC8358316 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: While radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen; RSM) is commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine, its current usage has not yet been analyzed in a large-scale survey. This study aimed to investigate the conditions for which RSM is prescribed and the utilization of RSM in Taiwan. Methods: 1 million beneficiaries enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were sampled to identify patients who were prescribed RSM. Next, the diagnoses of these patients based on the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision Clinical Modification code were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for RSM utilization. Results: Patients with disorders of menstruation and abnormal bleeding from the female genital tract due to other causes were the diagnostic group most commonly treated with RSM (9.48%), followed by those with general (9.46%) and cardiovascular symptoms (4.18%). Subjects treated with RSM were mostly aged 35–49 years (30.1%). The most common combination of diseases for which RSM was prescribed (0.17%) included menopausal disorders and general symptoms. Women were more likely to receive RSM than men (OR = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = 1.73–1.78). RSM was frequently combined with Yan-Hu-Suo and Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San for clinical use. Conclusion: To date, this is the first study to identify the most common conditions for which RSM is used in modern Taiwan. The results indicate RSM as a key medicinal herb for the treatment of gynecological diseases, including menstrual disorders, female genital pain, menopausal disorders, etc. The most common combination for which RSM is prescribed is menopausal disorders and general symptoms. Further research is needed to elucidate the optimal dosage, efficacy, and safety of RSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jung Tseng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-En Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Chung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Long Hu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Fooyin University College of Nursing, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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18
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Cunha A, Gaubert A, Latxague L, Dehay B. PLGA-Based Nanoparticles for Neuroprotective Drug Delivery in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1042. [PMID: 34371733 PMCID: PMC8309027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has become one of the most challenging topics of the last decades due to their prevalence and increasing societal cost. The crucial point of the non-invasive therapeutic strategy for neurological disorder treatment relies on the drugs' passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Indeed, this biological barrier is involved in cerebral vascular homeostasis by its tight junctions, for example. One way to overcome this limit and deliver neuroprotective substances in the brain relies on nanotechnology-based approaches. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) are biocompatible, non-toxic, and provide many benefits, including improved drug solubility, protection against enzymatic digestion, increased targeting efficiency, and enhanced cellular internalization. This review will present an overview of the latest findings and advances in the PLGA NP-based approach for neuroprotective drug delivery in the case of neurodegenerative disease treatment (i.e., Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, Amyotrophic Lateral, and Multiple Sclerosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cunha
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Laurent Latxague
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Benjamin Dehay
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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19
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Wang P, Li XL, Cao ZH. STC1 ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease mice via inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152092. [PMID: 34004549 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory role of STC1 (Stanniocalcin-1) mediated ERK1/2 pathway in cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS WT mice and STC1 Tg mice (transgenic overexpression of STC1) were used to establish AD models to perform behavioral test by Morris water maze. Hippocampal cell apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL staining, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and hippocampal tissues determined by ELISA, as well as oxidative stress-related factors detected by corresponding testing kits, and protein expression of STC1 and ERK1/2 pathway measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with WT Sham group, WT AD mice had prolonged escape latency, decreased crossing platform times, increased hippocampal cell apoptosis with up-regulated inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors, as well as increased STC1 and ERK1/2 pathway-related molecules. By contrast, STC1 Tg AD mice showed shortened escape latency, increased crossing platform times than WT AD mice, and they also exhibited the decreased apoptosis index and inflammatory cytokines, alleviated oxidative stress-injury, down-regulated protein expression of ERK1/2 pathway, and up-regulated the protein expression of STC1 and UCP2. CONCLUSION STC1 overexpression could alleviate oxidative stress-induced injury, reduce neuroinflammation, improve cognitive function to play a neuro-protective role by inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Cao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
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20
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Jin X, Guo JL, Wang L, Zhong X, Yao WF, Gao H, Liu MY. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatments of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113401. [PMID: 33831779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive impairment that harshly affect the elderly individuals. Currently, the available anti-AD pharmacological approaches are purely symptomatic to alleviate AD symptoms, and the curative effects of novel anti-AD drugs focused on Aβ target are disappointing. Hence, there is a tremendous need to adjust AD therapeutic targets and discover novel anti-AD agents. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction gradually triggers neuronal death from different aspects and worsens the occurrence and progress of AD. Consequently, it has been proposed that the intervention of impaired mitochondria represents an attractive breakthrough point for AD treatments. Due to chemical diversity, poly-pharmacological activities, few adverse effects and multiple targeting, natural products (NPs) have been identified as a valuable treasure for drug discovery and development. Multiple lines of studies have scientifically proven that NPs display ameliorative benefits in AD treatment in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review surveys the complicated implications for mitochondrial dysregulation and AD, and then summarizes the potentials of NPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms against AD via reducing or improving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is expected that this work may open the window to speed up the development of innovative anti-AD drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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21
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Kayalar E, Deynek GT, Tok OE, Kucuk S. Effect of salvianolic acid B on new bone formation in the orthopedically expanded suture. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:248-254. [PMID: 33367542 DOI: 10.2319/042620-360.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on new bone formation in the orthopedically expanded premaxillary sutures in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consisting of Sprague Dawley rats (male, n = 14) was split in half by random selection: the experiment group (Sal B) and the control group. The premaxillary suture of each rat was expanded by bonding an open-loop spring to two maxillary incisors, each end to one tooth. A 5-day expansion period followed by a 12-day retention period was conducted. The 17-day intraperitoneal administration of Sal B was performed daily for the experiment group at a dose of 40 mg/kilo. The trial was completed after sacrificing the rats and dissection of the premaxillae for histological analysis. The amount of new bone, quantity of capillaries and intensity of inflammatory cells were histomorphometrically determined while the quantities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS The Sal B group was significantly different from the control group and had greater quantities of new bone, capillaries, inflammatory cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS Salvianolic acid B displays a positive effect during premaxillary expansion with a greater number of capillaries potentially in association with higher bone formation and improved angiogenesis in rats.
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22
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In vitro biological activity of Salvia fruticosa Mill. infusion against amyloid β-peptide-induced toxicity and inhibition of GSK-3 β, CK-1 δ, and BACE-1 enzymes relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:236-243. [PMID: 33981172 PMCID: PMC8084717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia species have been traditionally used to improve cognition and have been proved to be a potential natural treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Salvia fruticosa Mill. (Turkish sage or Greek sage) demonstrated to have anticholinergic effects in vitro. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of S. fruticosa infusion and its representative compound rosmarinic acid, which was detected by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The protective effects of the S. fruticosa infusion (SFINF) and its major substance rosmarinic acid (RA) on amyloid beta 1–42 -induced cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y cells together with p-GSK-3β activation were investigated. Their in vitro inhibitory effects against glycogen synthase kinase 3β, β-secretase, and casein kinase 1δ enzymes were also evaluated. The results showed that treatment with the all tested concentrations, SFINF significantly decreased Aβ 1–42-induced cytotoxicity and exhibited promising in vitro glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitory activity below 10 µg/mL (IC50 6.52 ± 1.14 µg/mL), in addition to β-secretase inhibition (IC50 86 ± 2.9 µg/mL) and casein kinase 1δ inhibition (IC50 121.57 ± 4.00). The SFINF (100 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL) also activated the expression of p-GSK-3β in amyloid beta 1–42 treated SH-SY5Y cells. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that the S. fruticosa infusion possessed activity to prevent amyloid beta 1–42 -induced neurotoxicity and provided proof that its mechanism may involve regulation of p-GSK-3β protein.
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Soheili M, Karimian M, Hamidi G, Salami M. Alzheimer's disease treatment: The share of herbal medicines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:123-135. [PMID: 33953850 PMCID: PMC8061323 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.50536.11512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequent forms of dementia in neurological disorders is Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by impaired learning and memory. Pathological symptoms as extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles occur in AD. Due to the aging of the population and increased prevalence of AD, discovery of new therapeutic agents with the highest effectiveness and fewer side effect seems to be necessary. Numerous synthetic medicines such as tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, memantine, glutathione, ascorbic acid, ubiquinone, ibuprofen, and ladostigil are routinely used for reduction of the symptoms and prevention of disease progression. Nowadays, herbal medicines have attracted popular attention for numerous beneficial effects with little side effects. Lavandula angustifolia, Ginkgo biloba, Melissa officinalis, Crocus sativus, Ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Magnolia officinalis have been widely used for relief of symptoms of some neurological disorders. This paper reviews the therapeutic effects of phytomedicines with prominent effects against various factors implicated in the emergence and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Soheili
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Gholamali Hamidi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Salami
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Perucho J, Vallejo-Muñoz M, Casarejos MJ, Reimers D, Jiménez-Escrig A, Gómez A, Ulzurrun de Asanza GM, Bazán E. Liver Growth Factor "LGF" as a Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239201. [PMID: 33276671 PMCID: PMC7730107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in aging populations. Although the pathological hallmarks of AD are well defined, currently no effective therapy exists. Liver growth factor (LGF) is a hepatic albumin-bilirubin complex with activity as a tissue regenerating factor in several neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Friedreich's ataxia. Our aim here was to analyze the potential therapeutic effect of LGF on the APPswe mouse model of AD. Twenty-month-old mice received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 1.6 µg LGF or saline, twice a week during three weeks. Mice were sacrificed one week later, and the hippocampus and dorsal cortex were prepared for immunohistochemical and biochemical studies. LGF treatment reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) content, phospho-Tau/Tau ratio and the number of Aβ plaques with diameter larger than 25 µm. LGF administration also modulated protein ubiquitination and HSP70 protein levels, reduced glial reactivity and inflammation, and the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Because the administration of this factor also restored cognitive damage in APPswe mice, we propose LGF as a novel therapeutic tool that may be useful for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Perucho
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Manuela Vallejo-Muñoz
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Maria José Casarejos
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Diana Reimers
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Adriano Jiménez-Escrig
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gómez
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Gonzalo M. Ulzurrun de Asanza
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
| | - Eulalia Bazán
- Servicio de Neurobiología, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.-G.); (J.P.); (M.V.-M.); (M.J.C.); (D.R.); (A.J.E.); (A.G.); (G.M.U.d.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913-368-168
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He MT, Kim JH, Kim JH, Park CH, Cho EJ. Combination of Carthamus tinctorius L. seed and Taraxacum coreanum exerts synergistic effects on learning and memory function by regulating metabolism of amyloid beta in mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Ebanks B, Ingram TL, Chakrabarti L. ATP synthase and Alzheimer's disease: putting a spin on the mitochondrial hypothesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16647-16662. [PMID: 32853175 PMCID: PMC7485717 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that over 44 million people across the globe have dementia, and half of these cases are believed to be Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As the proportion of the global population which is over the age 60 increases so will the number of individuals living with AD. This will result in ever-increasing demands on healthcare systems and the economy. AD can be either sporadic or familial, but both present with similar pathobiology and symptoms. Three prominent theories about the cause of AD are the amyloid, tau and mitochondrial hypotheses. The mitochondrial hypothesis focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, however little attention has been given to the potential dysfunction of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in AD. ATP synthase is a proton pump which harnesses the chemical potential energy of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), generated by the electron transport chain (ETC), in order to produce the cellular energy currency ATP. This review presents the evidence accumulated so far that demonstrates dysfunction of ATP synthase in AD, before highlighting two potential pharmacological interventions which may modulate ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Ebanks
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Thomas L Ingram
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lisa Chakrabarti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.,MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Chesterfield, UK
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Liao D, Chen Y, Guo Y, Wang C, Liu N, Gong Q, Fu Y, Fu Y, Cao L, Yao D, Jiang P. Salvianolic Acid B Improves Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depressive Behaviors in Rats: Involvement of AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:195-206. [PMID: 32494183 PMCID: PMC7231775 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s249363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric illnesses which leads to a huge social and economic burden on modern society. So, it is necessary to develop an effective and safe pharmacological intervention for depression. Accumulating evidence has shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/sirtuin 1 (AMPK/SIRT1) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of depression. Our present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect and possible mechanisms of salvianolic acid B (SalB) in a chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression model in rats. Materials and Methods The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group with no stressor, CMS group and CMS+SalB (30 mg/kg/d) group. After administration for 28 consecutive days, the behavior tests were performed. The rats were sacrificed after behavior tests, and the brain tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. Results It was observed that the administration of SalB for 28 consecutive days successfully corrected the depressive-like behaviors in CMS-treated rats. SalB could effectively reduce the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein. In addition, inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) protein expression was significantly increased after the administration of SalB. Moreover, SalB could effectively decrease protein expression of oxidative stress markers such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase the activity of catalase (CAT). SalB treatment also reversed CMS-induced inhibition of Nrf2 signaling pathway, along with increasing the mRNA expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Regarding the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, the protein expressions of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 kD (GRP78) were also significantly reduced after SalB administration. Furthermore, the supplementation of SalB could effectively activate the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, which indicated significant increase in pAMPK/AMPK ratio and SIRT1 protein expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that SalB relieved CMS-induced depressive-like state through the mitigation of inflammatory status, oxidative stress, and the activation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Clinical Translational Medicine, Jining Life Science Center, Jining, Shandong 272000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhou Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilan Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Dunwu Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272000, People's Republic of China
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Li YP, Wang CY, Shang HT, Hu RR, Fu H, Xiao XF. A high-throughput and untargeted lipidomics approach reveals new mechanistic insight and the effects of salvianolic acid B on the metabolic profiles in coronary heart disease rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17101-17113. [PMID: 35521479 PMCID: PMC9053481 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput lipidomics provides the possibility for the development of new therapeutic drugs. Accordingly, herein, we reveal the protective role of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) in rats with coronary heart disease (CHD) and propose a new mechanism for its action through a high-throughput and non-targeted lipidomics strategy. A CHD animal model was induced by consecutive high-fat diet feeding with vitamin D3 injection. At the end of the 8th week, the serum sample was analyzed to explore the metabolic biomarker and pathway changes using untargeted lipidomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS). In addition, blood and heart tissue samples were collected and processed for the detection of biochemical indicators and liver histological observation. After salvianolic acid B treatment, the levels of LDH, CK, CK-MB, MYO, CTn1, TG, TC, LDL-c, and Apo(b) were significantly lower than that in the model group, while the levels of HDL-c and Apo(a1) were significantly higher than that in the model group. Furthermore, the histological features of fibrosis and steatosis were also evidently relieved in the model group. A total of twenty-six potential biomarkers were identified to express the lipid metabolic turbulence in the CHD animal models, of which twenty-two were regulated by salvianolic acid B trending to the normal state, including TG(20:0/20:4/o-18:0), PC(20:4/18:1(9Z)), PC(18:3/20:2), PA(18:0/18:2), LysoPE(18:2/0:0), SM(d18:0/22:1), PE(22:6/0:0), LysoPE (20:4/0:0), sphinganine, Cer(d18:0/18:0), PS(14:0/14:1), PC (18:0/16:0), LysoPC(17:0), PE(22:2/20:1), PC(20:3/20:4), PE(20:4/P-16:0), PS(20:3/18:0), cholesterol sulfate, TG(15:0/22:6/18:1), prostaglandin E2, arachidonic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate. According to the metabolite enrichment and pathway analyses, the pharmacological activity of salvianolic acid B on CHD is mainly involved in three vital metabolic pathways including glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. Thus, based on the lipidomics-guided biochemical analysis of the lipid biomarkers and pathways, Sal B protects against CHD with good therapeutic effect by regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress damage and lipid peroxidation. High-throughput lipidomics provides the possibility for the development of new therapeutic drugs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Peng Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Cong-Ying Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Hong-Tao Shang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Rui-Rui Hu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Hui Fu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Xue-Feng Xiao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
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Ardah MT, Ghanem SS, Abdulla SA, Lv G, Emara MM, Paleologou KE, Vaikath NN, Lu JH, Li M, Vekrellis K, Eliezer D, El-Agnaf OMA. Inhibition of alpha-synuclein seeded fibril formation and toxicity by herbal medicinal extracts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:73. [PMID: 32143619 PMCID: PMC7076823 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies indicated that seeded fibril formation and toxicity of α-synuclein (α-syn) play a main role in the pathogenesis of certain diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Therefore, examination of compounds that abolish the process of seeding is considered a key step towards therapy of several synucleinopathies. Methods Using biophysical, biochemical and cell-culture-based assays, assessment of eleven compounds, extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs, was performed in this study for their effect on α-syn fibril formation and toxicity caused by the seeding process. Results Salvianolic acid B and dihydromyricetin were the two compounds that strongly inhibited the fibril growth and neurotoxicity of α-syn. In an in-vitro cell model, these compounds decreased the insoluble phosphorylated α-syn and aggregation. Also, in primary neuronal cells, these compounds showed a reduction in α-syn aggregates. Both compounds inhibited the seeded fibril growth with dihydromyricetin having the ability to disaggregate preformed α-syn fibrils. In order to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of these two compounds towards fibril formation, we demonstrated that salvianolic acid B binds predominantly to monomers, while dihydromyricetin binds to oligomeric species and to a lower extent to monomers. Remarkably, these two compounds stabilized the soluble non-toxic oligomers lacking β-sheet content after subjecting them to proteinase K digestion. Conclusions Eleven compounds were tested but only two showed inhibition of α-syn aggregation, seeded fibril formation and toxicity in vitro. These findings highlight an essential beginning for development of new molecules in the field of synucleinopathies treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa T Ardah
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Simona S Ghanem
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara A Abdulla
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Guohua Lv
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohamed M Emara
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Katerina E Paleologou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nishant N Vaikath
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Lab of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Konstantinos Vekrellis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - David Eliezer
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
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Salvianolic Acid D Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing the Cytoplasmic Translocation and Release of HMGB1-Triggered NF- κB Activation to Inhibit Inflammatory Response. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9049614. [PMID: 32410871 PMCID: PMC7204335 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9049614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response participates in the overall pathophysiological process of stroke. It is a promising strategy to develop antistroke drugs targeting inflammation. This study is aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect and anti-inflammatory mechanism of salvianolic acid D (SalD) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury model was established, and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury model was established in PC12 cells. Neurological deficit score, cerebral infarction, and edema were studied in vivo. Cell viability was achieved using the MTT method in vitro. The Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, HMGB1, TLR4, TRAF6, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, and cleaved caspase-3 and -9 were tested via the Western blot method. Cytokines and cytokine mRNA, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were studied via ELISA and PCR methods. The translocation of HMGB1 and NF-κB were studied by immunofluorescence assay. The HMGB1/NeuN, HMGB1/GFAP, and HMGB1/Iba1 double staining was carried out to observe the localization of HMGB1 in different cells. Results showed that SalD alleviated neurological impairment, decreased cerebral infarction, and reduced edema in I/R rats. SalD improved OGD/R-downregulated PC12 cell viability. SalD also promoted Bcl-2 expression and suppressed Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 and -9 expression. SalD decreased the intensity of TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6 proteins both in vivo and in vitro, and significantly inhibited the NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by I/R and OGD/R. What's more, SalD inhibited HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in both the cortex and hippocampus regions of I/R rats. In conclusion, SalD can alleviate I/R-induced cerebral injury in rats and increase the PC12 cell viability affected by OGD/R. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SalD might result from the decreased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 and the inhibition on its downstream TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling.
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Du G, Song J, Du L, Zhang L, Qiang G, Wang S, Yang X, Fang L. Chemical and pharmacological research on the polyphenol acids isolated from Danshen: A review of salvianolic acids. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 87:1-41. [PMID: 32089230 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, is a common medicinal herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine, which has been used for the treatment of a number of diseases for thousands of years. More than 2000 years ago, the Chinese early pharmacy monograph "Shennong Materia Medica" recorded that Danshen could be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, certain gynecological diseases, etc. Since then, Danshen has been widely used clinically in many different prescriptions for many different diseases, especially for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, many pharmacological studies about the water-soluble components from Danshen have been reported, especially salvianolic acids. It turned out that salvianolic acids showed strong anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-thrombic activities, and among them, SalAA and SalAB were the most potent. This review focused on the achievements in research of salvianolic acids regarding their bioactivities and pharmacological effects. These studies not only shed light on the water-soluble active components of Danshen and their mechanisms at the molecular level, but also provided theoretical information for the development of new medicines from Danshen for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Junke Song
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lida Du
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guifen Qiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shoubao Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhua Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Cao F, Liu Z, Sun G. Diagnostic value of miR-193a-3p in Alzheimer's disease and miR-193a-3p attenuates amyloid-β induced neurotoxicity by targeting PTEN. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110814. [PMID: 31857133 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The present study aimed to explore the diagnostic value and neuroprotective role of miR-193a-3p in AD. METHODS 108 sporadic AD patients and 93 healthy controls were included. An Aβ25-35 insult cellular AD model of PC12 and SH-SY5Y was established. The relative expression levels of miR-193a-3p were calculated using qRT-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the usefulness of miR-193a-3p for detecting AD. Cell viability and apoptotic rates were calculated. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the interaction between miR-193a-3p and PTEN. RESULTS miR-193a-3p expression was downregulated in both AD patients and the cellular AD model (all P < 0.001). Remarkable positive association was detected between serum miR-193a-3p level and MMSE score in AD patients (r = 0.5889, P < 0.0001). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 89.8% and 77.4%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.914. Overexpression of miR-193a-3p weakened Aβ25-35 induced cell viability inhibition, and reduced Aβ25-35 induced cell apoptosis in PC12 cells (all P < 0.01). Downregulation of miR-193a-3p intensified the effect of Aβ25-35 PTEN was proved to be the target gene of miR-193a-3p. CONCLUSION MiR-193a-3p could be a novel biomarker for AD diagnosis, and may protect against neurotoxicity in AD by targeting PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China
| | - Guanjun Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze 274300, China.
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Yu X, Guan Q, Wang Y, Shen H, Zhai L, Lu X, Jin Y. Anticonvulsant and anti-apoptosis effects of salvianolic acid B on pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats via AKT/CREB/BDNF signaling. Epilepsy Res 2019; 154:90-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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MEIm XD, Cao YF, Che YY, Li J, Shang ZP, Zhao WJ, Qiao YJ, Zhang JY. Danshen: a phytochemical and pharmacological overview. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:59-80. [PMID: 30704625 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Danshen, the dried root or rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., is a traditional and folk medicine in Asian countries, especially in China and Japan. In this review, we summarized the recent researches of Danshen in traditional uses and preparations, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and side effects. A total of 201 compounds from Danshen have been reported, including lipophilic diterpenoids, water-soluble phenolic acids, and other constituents, which have showed various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-atherogenesis, and anti-diabetes. This article intends to provide novel insight information for further development of Danshen, which could be of great value to its improvement of utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan MEIm
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan-Feng Cao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan-Yun Che
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Shang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Qiao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Xia F, Li WY, Yang XW, Yang J, Li X, Nian Y, Xu G. Salpratlactones A and B: A Pair of cis- trans Tautomeric Abietanes as Ca v3.1 T-Type Calcium Channel Agonists from Salvia prattii. Org Lett 2019; 21:5670-5674. [PMID: 31268339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salpratlactones A (1) and B (2), a pair of abietane cis-trans tautomers from Salvia prattii, were identified as the first naturally occurring agonists of T-type calcium channel (TTCC). Structurally, 1 and 2 were featured by unique 6/5 carbocyclic rings bearing a γ-lactone ring through an exocyclic double bond. Moreover, both compounds and their mixture at 10 μM potently and equally increased Cav3.1 TTCC peak currents, and 1 had an EC50 value of 12.48 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223 , People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Nature Products , Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Nian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center , Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
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Current Progress of Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases of Salvianolic Acid B. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3281260. [PMID: 31341529 PMCID: PMC6612994 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3281260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Lamiaceae), one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese herbs, is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease in clinical practice. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B, C36H30O16, FW = 718.62) is the main water-soluble active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which performs prophylactic and therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative diseases. So far, numerous studies have proved that multiple factors and mechanisms are involved in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and fibril formation, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, neuroinflammation, oxidative-stress damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuron apoptosis. This study is aimed at reviewing experimental studies and describing the possible mechanisms of Sal B on neurodegenerative diseases.
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Andrade S, Ramalho MJ, Loureiro JA, Pereira MDC. Natural Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2313. [PMID: 31083327 PMCID: PMC6539304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder related with the increase of age and it is the main cause of dementia in the world. AD affects cognitive functions, such as memory, with an intensity that leads to several functional losses. The continuous increase of AD incidence demands for an urgent development of effective therapeutic strategies. Despite the extensive research on this disease, only a few drugs able to delay the progression of the disease are currently available. In the last years, several compounds with pharmacological activities isolated from plants, animals and microorganisms, revealed to have beneficial effects for the treatment of AD, targeting different pathological mechanisms. Thus, a wide range of natural compounds may play a relevant role in the prevention of AD and have proven to be efficient in different preclinical and clinical studies. This work aims to review the natural compounds that until this date were described as having significant benefits for this neurological disease, focusing on studies that present clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Andrade
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Ramalho
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Angélica Loureiro
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Falcone PH, Nieman KM, Tribby AC, Vogel RM, Joy JM, Moon JR, Slayton CA, Henigman MM, Lasrado JA, Lewis BJ, Fonseca BA, Herrlinger KA. The attention-enhancing effects of spearmint extract supplementation in healthy men and women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Nutr Res 2019; 64:24-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Huang Q, Ye X, Wang L, Pan J. Salvianolic acid B abolished chronic mild stress-induced depression through suppressing oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12742. [PMID: 31353549 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was framed to investigate the molecular mechanism behind the anti-depressant effect of salvianolic acid B (SB) against unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) induced depression rat model. Control rats received only saline without CMS exposure, whereas CMS model rats were induced to several stress (CMS) for 6 weeks. Treatment group rats were induced with CMS for 6 weeks but received either 20 or 40 mg/kg of SB or 20 mg/kg imipramine (CMS+IMP) from the 4th week to 6th week. Treatment with SB or IMP significantly ameliorated body weight, sucrose consumption rate with shorter immobility time than the control group. Also, administration with SB or IMP could reverse the hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as decreased inflammatory cytokines with improved antioxidant status. Furthermore, the protein expression of NLRP3 (inflammasome) was markedly downregulated upon treatment with SB (both 20 and 40 mg) or IMP and thereby confirming its potent anti-depressant activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Salvianolic acid B (SB) is a phenolic acid extracted from Salvia militiorrhiza Bunge, a popular Chinese herb, which has been prescribed for various pathological conditions. SB has been previously reported with anti-depressant activity but, the in-depth mechanism behind the anti-depressant effect of SB against CMS is still elusive. Hence, the current study was plotted to explore the in-depth mechanism behind the anti-depressant effect of SB against CMS model of depression in rats. The outcome of the current study has confirmed the anti-depressant activity by abolishing oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence, SB can be prescribed to major depression patients with standard anti-depressant agents to abolish oxidative stress, neuro-inflammatory response, and related neurological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoting Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunda Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Jin Q, Hu X, Deng Y, Hou J, Lei M, Ji H, Zhou J, Qu H, Wu W, Guo D. Four New Depsides Isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza and Their Significant Nerve-Protective Activities. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123274. [PMID: 30544925 PMCID: PMC6320994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By investigating of the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is one of the most widely used Chinese herbs, we used phytochemical methods successfully to obtain twelve depsides: four depsides (1⁻4) that were previously undescribed, along with eight known ones (5⁻12). Their structure characteristics were assessed by HR-ESIMS, CD, NMR (¹H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC) data analyses. These four newly isolated compounds (1⁻4), as well as the other eight compounds (5⁻12), show extraordinary protective effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in HS-SY5Y cells. Among them, depside 4 and depside 6 displayed more obviously protective effects than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Yanping Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Min Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongjian Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hua Qu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Dean Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haike Road #501, Shanghai 201203, China.
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41
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Zhang X, Wu Q, Lu Y, Wan J, Dai H, Zhou X, Lv S, Chen X, Zhang X, Hang C, Wang J. Cerebroprotection by salvianolic acid B after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs via Nrf2- and SIRT1-dependent pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:504-516. [PMID: 29966698 PMCID: PMC6286712 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SalB), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the herb of Salvia miltiorrhiza, possesses antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and has been shown to be beneficial for diseases that affect vasculature and cognitive function. Here we investigated the protective effects of SalB against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced oxidative damage, and the involvement of underlying molecular mechanisms. In a rat model of SAH, SalB inhibited SAH-induced oxidative damage. The reduction in oxidative damage was associated with suppressed reactive oxygen species generation; decreased lipid peroxidation; and increased glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activities. Concomitant with the suppressed oxidative stress, SalB significantly reduced neurologic impairment, brain edema, and neural cell apoptosis after SAH. Moreover, SalB dramatically induced nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and increased expression of heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH: quinine oxidoreductase-1. In a mouse model of SAH, Nrf2 knockout significantly reversed the antioxidant effects of SalB against SAH. Additionally, SalB activated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, whereas SIRT1-specific inhibitor sirtinol pretreatment significantly suppressed SalB-induced SIRT1 activation and Nrf2 expression. Sirtinol pretreatment also reversed the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of SalB. In primary cultured cortical neurons, SalB suppressed oxidative damage, alleviated neuronal degeneration, and improved cell viability. These beneficial effects were associated with activation of the SIRT1 and Nrf2 signaling pathway and were reversed by sirtinol treatment. Taken together, these in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that SalB provides protection against SAH-triggered oxidative damage by upregulating the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway, which may be modulated by SIRT1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyin Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chunhua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zang C, Yang H, Wang L, Wang Y, Bao X, Wang X, Zhang D. A Novel Synthetic Derivative of Phloroglucinol Inhibits Neuroinflammatory Responses Through Attenuating Kalirin Signaling Pathway in Murine BV2 Microglial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2870-2880. [PMID: 30066307 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been implicated as an important factor in the neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple candidates with anti-inflammatory effects have been shown to be beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that a novel synthetic phloroglucinol derivative from Lysidice rhodostegia roots (code name: Compound 21) exerted neuroprotective effect through suppressing neuroinflammation. The aim of this study was to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism. The results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects of Compound 21 were mediated through suppression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further study showed that this suppression on NADPH oxidase was mediated by inhibiting the translocation and activity of its subunit Rac1. It is well established that Rac1 activation is regulated by a variety of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), so we tried to find out whether GEFs were involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Compound 21. The results showed that Compound 21 treatment down-regulated the expression and activity of GEF Kalirin, thus modulating the activity of Rac1 GTPase. Altogether, our data suggested that Compound 21 exerted the anti-neuroinflammatory effect through suppressing Kalirin signaling pathways, decreasing Rac1-NADPH oxidase activation and the subsequent pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The present study provided solid evidence to support Compound 21 as a potential candidate of neuroinflammatory inhibitor. Moreover, our findings have shed new light on the role of Rac1 and GEF Kalirin in neuroinflammation, which provides potential targets for neuroinflammation-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Song L, Pei L, Hu L, Pan S, Xiong W, Liu M, Wu Y, Shang Y, Yao S. Death-associated protein kinase 1 mediates interleukin-1β production through regulating inlfammasome activation in Bv2 microglial cells and mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9930. [PMID: 29967321 PMCID: PMC6028446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays a crucial role in mediating inflammation and innate immunity response in the central nervous system. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) was shown to be involved in several cellular processes. Here, we investigated the effects of DAPK1 on IL-1β production in microglial cells. We used a combination of in vitro (Bv2 microglial cell cultures) and in vivo (mice injected with amyloid-β (Aβ)) techniques to address the role of caspase-1 activation in release of IL-1β. DAPK1 involvement was postulated through genetic approaches and pharmacological blockade of this enzyme. We found that Aβ25-35 stimulation induced IL-1β production and caspase-1 activation in LPS-primed Bv2 cells and mice. DAPK1 knockdown and catalytic activity inhibition reduced IL-1β maturation and caspase-1 activation, nevertheless, DAPK1 overexpression attenuated these effects. Aβ25-35-induced lysosomal cathepsin B leakage was required for DAPK1 activation. Furthermore, repeated DAPK1 inhibitor treatment ameliorated the memory impairment in Aβ25-35-injected mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that DAPK1 facilitates Aβ25-35-induced IL-1β production through regulating caspase-1 activation in microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical Collge, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lisha Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shangwen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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A novel dynamic multicellular co-culture system for studying individual blood-brain barrier cell types in brain diseases and cytotoxicity testing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8784. [PMID: 29884831 PMCID: PMC5993789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) cells play key roles in the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system (CNS). BBB dysfunction is implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The BBB consists of capillary endothelial cells, pericytes encircling the endothelium and surrounding astrocytes extending their processes towards it. Although there have been many attempts to develop in vitro BBB models, the complex interaction between these cell types makes it extremely difficult to determine their individual contribution to neurotoxicity in vivo. Thus, we developed and optimised an in vitro multicellular co-culture model within the Kirkstall Quasi Vivo System. The main aim was to determine the optimal environment to culture human brain primary endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes whilst maintaining cellular communication without formation of a barrier in order to assess the contribution of each cell type to the overall response. As a proof of concept for the present system, the effects of amyloid-beta 25-35 peptide (Aβ25-35), a hallmark of AD, were explored. This multicellular system will be a valuable tool for future studies on the specific roles of individual BBB cell type (while making connection with each other through medium) in CNS disorders as well as in cytotoxicity tests.
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Yu T, Paudel P, Seong SH, Kim JA, Jung HA, Choi JS. Computational insights into β-site amyloid precursor protein enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibition by tanshinones and salvianolic acids from Salvia miltiorrhiza via molecular docking simulations. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 74:273-285. [PMID: 29679864 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza has emerged as a rich source of natural therapeutic agents, and its several compounds are supposed to exhibit favorable effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present work investigate the anti-AD potentials of 12 tanshinones, three salvianolic acids and three caffeic acid derivatives from S. miltiorrhiza via the inhibition of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Among the tested compounds, deoxyneocryptotanshinone (1), salvianolic acid A (13) and salvianolic acid C (15) displayed good inhibitory effect on BACE1 with IC50 values of 11.53 ± 1.13, 13.01 ± 0.32 and 9.18 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. Besides this, enzyme kinetic analysis on BACE1 revealed 13, a competitive type inhibitor while 1 and 15 showed mixed-type inhibition. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation displayed negative binding energies (AutoDock 4.2.6 = -10.0 to -7.1 kcal/mol) of 1, 13, and 15 for BACE1, indicating these compounds bound tightly to the active site of the enzyme with low energy and high affinity. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that S. miltiorrhiza and its constituents have potential anti-AD activity and can be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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He Y, Jia K, Li L, Wang Q, Zhang S, Du J, Du H. Salvianolic acid B attenuates mitochondrial stress against Aβ toxicity in primary cultured mouse neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:1066-1072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zang CX, Bao XQ, Li L, Yang HY, Wang L, Yu Y, Wang XL, Yao XS, Zhang D. The Protective Effects of Gardenia jasminoides (Fructus Gardenia) on Amyloid-β-Induced Mouse Cognitive Impairment and Neurotoxicity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:389-405. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Although the exact causes of AD have not yet been fully elucidated, cholinergic dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been recognized as influential factors. Current drugs that are designed to address only a single target are unable to mitigate or prevent the progression of this complicated disease, so new disease-modifying drugs are urgently needed. Chinese herbs with thousand years of effective usage might be a good source for potential drugs. Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (Fructus Gardenia) is a common traditional Chinese medicine with tranquilizing effects, which is an important component of widely-used traditional Chinese medicine for dementia. GJ-4 is crocin richments extracted from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis. In our study, we attempted to observe the effects of GJ-4 on learning and memory injury induced by amyloid-[Formula: see text] 25-35 (A[Formula: see text] injection in mice. Treatment with GJ-4 dose-dependently enhanced the memory and cognition ability of A[Formula: see text]-injected mice. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed the protective effect of GJ-4 was related to its protection of neurons and cholinergic dysfunction. The mechanistic results also indicated that GJ-4 could enhance antioxidant capacity and attenuate neuroinflammation. Our results implied that GJ-4 might be a promising drug to improve cognitive and memory impairment, with multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qi Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Han-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of TCM & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
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Kalász H, Ojha S, Tekes K, Szőke É, Mohanraj R, Fahim M, Adeghate E, Adem A. Pharmacognostical Sources of Popular Medicine To Treat Alzheimer's Disease. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2018; 12:23-35. [PMID: 29515678 PMCID: PMC5827296 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501812010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of classical and recently discovered plants are indicated in preventing and/or treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE Name of plants with their anti-AD effects are important for their further use and investigation. METHOD A short overview of AD is given; anti-Alzheimer plants are given in a Table. RESULTS Various medicinal plants are listed here as sources of popular medicines to be used in cases when patients are afraid of developing and/or suffer from AD. Some of these plants have been used for centuries. The major sources in the literature, over one hundred of references are given for plants that show beneficial effect on the progress of AD. CONCLUSION Plant extracts are widely used addition to the synthetic drugs approved by various administrative authorities to stop/slow down the progress of symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huba Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kornélia Tekes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Üllői út 26, Hungary
| | - Rajesh Mohanraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Fahim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Habtemariam S. Molecular Pharmacology of Rosmarinic and Salvianolic Acids: Potential Seeds for Alzheimer's and Vascular Dementia Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E458. [PMID: 29401682 PMCID: PMC5855680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid (danshensu) are synthesized through two distinct routs of the shikimic acid biosynthesis pathway. In many plants, especially the rosemary and sage family of Lamiaceae, these two compounds are joined through an ester linkage to form rosmarinic acid (RA). A further structural diversity of RA derivatives in some plants such as Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a form of RA dimer, salvianolic acid-B (SA-B), that further give rise to diverse salvianolic acid derivatives. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the chemistry and pharmacology of these compounds related to their potential therapeutic applications to dementia. The two common causes of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke, are employed to scrutinize the effects of these compounds in vitro and in animal models of dementia. Key pharmacological mechanisms beyond the common antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols are highlighted with emphasis given to amyloid beta (Aβ) pathologies among others and neuronal regeneration from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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Salvianolic acid B improves airway hyperresponsiveness by inhibiting MUC5AC overproduction associated with Erk1/2/P38 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:30-39. [PMID: 29382534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is one of the main water-soluble composites from Chinese medicine Dansen (Radix miltiorrhiza). It is used for clinical treatment of various diseases including cardiovascular, lung, Liver, renal and cancers. However, the effects of SalB to allergy induced airway mucin hypersecretion, inflammation and hyperresponsiveness (AHR) remains not clear. Overproduction of airway MUC5AC is a central effector of inflammation that is strongly associated with AHR in asthmatic attack. In this study, we investigated the anti-asthmatic activity and mechanism of SalB in a murine model and human epithelial cells by monitoring changes in mucin expression and secretion, airway inflammation, AHR, and signaling pathways. SalB was administered by intragastric administration (i.g) daily for a week, starting at 21 days after sensitization of ovalbumin (OVA). All examinations were performed 24h after the last antigen challenge. We found that treatments with SalB significantly inhibited increase in the tracheobronchial secretion, glycosaminoglycan levels, interleukin (IL)-13, IL-4, and IL-5 cytokines mRNA and protein expression, and decrease in mucociliary clearance in lung tissues. Histological results demonstrated that SalB attenuated OVA-induced eosinophil infiltration, airway goblet cell hyperplasia, and MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA and protein expression in lung tissues. SalB exhibited protective effects against AHR in OVA-challenged animals. In vitro, SalB significantly inhibited IL-13-induced MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA and protein expression in human epithelial cells. These effects were blocked by SalB by downregulating the Erk1/2 and P38 signaling pathways. Taken together, these data indicate that treatment with SalB may improve AHR by inhibiting MUC5AC overproduction.
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