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Poliquin S, Nwosu G, Randhave K, Shen W, Flamm C, Kang JQ. Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperones and Mutant Protein Degradation in GABRG2(Q390X) Associated with Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus and Dravet Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4601. [PMID: 38731820 PMCID: PMC11083348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A significant number of patients with genetic epilepsy do not obtain seizure freedom, despite developments in new antiseizure drugs, suggesting a need for novel therapeutic approaches. Many genetic epilepsies are associated with misfolded mutant proteins, including GABRG2(Q390X)-associated Dravet syndrome, which we have previously shown to result in intracellular accumulation of mutant GABAA receptor γ2(Q390X) subunit protein. Thus, a potentially promising therapeutic approach is modulation of proteostasis, such as increasing endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). To that end, we have here identified an ERAD-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase, HRD1, among other ubiquitin ligases, as a strong modulator of wildtype and mutant γ2 subunit expression. Overexpressing HRD1 or knockdown of HRD1 dose-dependently reduced the γ2(Q390X) subunit. Additionally, we show that zonisamide (ZNS)-an antiseizure drug reported to upregulate HRD1-reduces seizures in the Gabrg2+/Q390X mouse. We propose that a possible mechanism for this effect is a partial rescue of surface trafficking of GABAA receptors, which are otherwise sequestered in the ER due to the dominant-negative effect of the γ2(Q390X) subunit. Furthermore, this partial rescue was not due to changes in ER chaperones BiP and calnexin, as total expression of these chaperones was unchanged in γ2(Q390X) models. Our results here suggest that leveraging the endogenous ERAD pathway may present a potential method to degrade neurotoxic mutant proteins like the γ2(Q390X) subunit. We also demonstrate a pharmacological means of regulating proteostasis, as ZNS alters protein trafficking, providing further support for the use of proteostasis regulators for the treatment of genetic epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Poliquin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Gerald Nwosu
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (K.R.); (W.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Karishma Randhave
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (K.R.); (W.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (K.R.); (W.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Carson Flamm
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (K.R.); (W.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Jing-Qiong Kang
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (K.R.); (W.S.); (C.F.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center of Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Epimedin B exerts neuroprotective effect against MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease: GPER as a potential target. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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He Z, Song J, Li X, Li X, Zhu H, Wu C, Xiao W, Du X, Ni J, Li N, Liu Q. Bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium (IV) alleviates neuronal apoptosis through regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in a triple transgenic animal model of Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:551-568. [PMID: 34240269 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) plays a critical role in neuronal apoptosis along with the aggravation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is involved in regulating ER stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD), therefore, this protein could be a promising therapeutic target for AD. Vanadium compounds, such as vanadyl acetylacetonate, sodium metavanadate and bis(maltolato)oxovanadium, are well-known as puissant PPARγ modulators. Thus, we are curious whether bis(ethylmaltolato)oxidovanadium (IV) (BEOV) can ameliorate ER stress and subsequent neuronal apoptosis by regulating PPARγ in AD models. To this end, we determined the effect of BEOV on behavioral performance, ER stress and neuronal apoptosis in the triple transgenic mouse AD model (3×Tg-AD). Our results showed that BEOV improved cognitive abilities and reduced the ER stress- and apoptosis-associated proteins in the brains of 3×Tg-AD mice. In vitro administration of BEOV in primary hippocampal neurons and N2asw cells achieved similar results in repressing ER stress. In addition, cotreatment with GW9662 (an antagonist of PPARγ) effectively blocked these neuroprotective effects of BEOV, which provided strong evidence that PPARγ-dependent signaling plays a key role in protecting against ER stress and neuronal apoptosis in AD. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that BEOV alleviated neuronal apoptosis triggered by ER stress by regulating PPARγ in a 3×Tg-AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jianxi Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuexia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China. .,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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Tian JH, Wu Q, He YX, Shen QY, Rekep M, Zhang GP, Luo JD, Xue Q, Liu YH. Zonisamide, an antiepileptic drug, alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:393-403. [PMID: 32647341 PMCID: PMC8026994 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) plays a key role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Zonisamide (ZNS) was originally developed as an antiepileptic drug. Studies have shown that ZNS suppresses ER stress-induced neuronal cell damage in the experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Herein, we investigated whether ZNS improved DCM by attenuating ER stress-induced apoptosis. C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneally injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and then treated with ZNS (40 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 16 weeks. We showed that ZNS administration slightly ameliorated the blood glucose levels, but significantly alleviated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy. Furthermore, ZNS administration significantly inhibited the Bax and caspase-3 activity, upregulated Bcl-2 activity, and decreased the proportion of TUNEL-positive cells in heart tissues. We analyzed the hallmarks of ER stress in heart tissues, and revealed that ZNS administration significantly decreased the protein levels of GRP78, XBP-1s, ATF6, PERK, ATF4, and CHOP, and elevated Hrd1 protein. In high glucose (HG)-treated primary cardiomyocytes, application of ZNS (3 μM) significantly alleviated HG-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. ZNS application also suppressed activated ER stress in HG-treated cardiomyocytes. Moreover, preapplication of the specific ER stress inducer tunicamycin (10 ng/mL) eliminated the protective effects of ZNS against HG-induced cardiac hypertrophy and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Our findings suggest that ZNS improves the cardiac diastolic function in diabetic mice and prevents T2DM-induced cardiac hypertrophy by attenuating ER stress-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yong-Xiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qi-Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Mubarak Rekep
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jian-Dong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qin Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Ying-Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Li C, Xue L, Liu Y, Yang Z, Chi S, Xie A. Zonisamide for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Current Update. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:574652. [PMID: 33408605 PMCID: PMC7779619 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.574652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zonisamide has been used as an add-on treatment in order to overcome the deficiencies of the general therapies currently used to resolve the motor complications and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease. Various trials have been designed to investigate the mechanism of action and treatment effects of zonisamide in this condition. Most clinical trials of zonisamide in Parkinson disease were from Japan. The vast majority of studies used changes in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and daily “OFF” time as primary endpoints. Based on adequate randomized controlled trials, zonisamide is considered a safe and efficacious add-on treatment in Parkinson disease. The most convincing proof is available for a dosage of 25–50 mg, which was shown to lead to a significant reduction in the UPDRS III score and daily “OFF” time, without increasing disabling dyskinesia. Furthermore, zonisamide may play a beneficial role in improving non-motor symptoms in PD, including impulsive–compulsive disorder, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and dementia. Among the various mechanisms reported, inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B, blocking of T-type calcium channels, modulation of the levodopa–dopamine metabolism, modulation of receptor expression, and neuroprotection are the most often cited. The mechanisms underlying neuroprotection, including modulation of dopamine turnover, induction of neurotrophic factor expression, inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis, inhibition of neuroinflammation, modulation of synaptic transmission, and modulation of gene expression, have been most extensively studied. This review focuses on structure, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms, therapeutic effectiveness, and safety and tolerability of zonisamide in patients with Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqian Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Medical Record, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Chen G, Gao C, Yan Y, Wang T, Luo C, Zhang M, Chen X, Tao L. Inhibiting ER Stress Weakens Neuronal Pyroptosis in a Mouse Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke Model. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5324-5335. [PMID: 32880859 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a form of stroke, characterized by high morbidity and mortality and currently lacks specific therapy. ICH leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which can induce neurological impairment through crosstalk with programmed cell death (PCD). Pyroptosis, a newly discovered form of PCD, has received attention because of its close relationship with some certain diseases, such as traumatic brain injury and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. However, the relationship between ER stress and pyroptosis in ICH remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of ER stress in evoking neuronal pyroptosis and related mechanisms in a mouse ICH model. We used tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) to inhibit ER stress and observed that TUDCA reduces neuronal pyroptosis and has a neuroprotective role. We explored the potential mechanisms underlying the regulation of neuronal pyroptosis by ER stress through testing the expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13). We found that ER stress inhibition alleviates neuronal pyroptosis through decreasing the expression of IL-13 after ICH. In summary, this study revealed that IL-13 is involved in ER stress-induced neuronal pyroptosis after ICH, pointing to IL-13 as a novel therapeutic target for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Ya'nan Yan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China.
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, 178 East Ganjiang Road, Suzhou, 215213, China.
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He YX, Shen QY, Tian JH, Wu Q, Xue Q, Zhang GP, Wei W, Liu YH. Zonisamide Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting ER Stress in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:192. [PMID: 32754028 PMCID: PMC7367218 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like dementia and pathology. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a key role in the development of cognitive impairment in T2DM. Zonisamide (ZNS) was found to suppress ERS-induced neuronal cell damage in the experimental models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the protective effect of Zonisamide in the treatment of diabetes-related dementia is not determined. Here, we studied whether ZNS can attenuate cognitive impairments in T2DM mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and received one intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to develop T2DM. After the 9-week diet, the mice were orally gavaged with ZNS or vehicle for 16 consecutive weeks. We found that ZNS improved spatial learning and memory ability and slightly attenuated hyperglycemia. In addition, the expression levels of synaptic-related proteins, such as postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin, were increased along with the activation of the cyclic AMP response element-binding (CREB) protein and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) both in the hippocampus and cortex of T2DM mice. Meanwhile, ZNS attenuated Aβ deposition, Tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser-396/404, and also decreased the activity of Tau upstream kinases including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, ZNS also decreased the ERS hallmark protein levels. These data suggest that ZNS can efficiently prevent cognitive impairment and improve AD-like pathologies by attenuating ERS in T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Institute of Brain Research, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ge B, Li SL, Li FR. Astragaloside-IV regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in a murine model of Parkinson's disease via the lincRNA-p21/CHOP pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 115:104478. [PMID: 32511947 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Astragaloside-IV (AS-IV) protects the nerve cells of Parkinson's disease (PD) from damage. Long non-coding RNA (lincRNA) has been found to be important for many diseases. Lincnra-p21 is abnormally expressed in PD. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Astragaloside-IV (AS-IV) affects endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced neuronal apoptosis in PD, and its possible mechanisms. METHODS The PD mouse model was established via injecting 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and the PD cell model was established via inducing the MN9D cell line with 1-methyl-4-pehnyl-pyridine (MPP+). The behavioral testing of PD model mice was tested after AS-IV treatment and PD-related lincRNAs expression were detected by qRT-PCR. After treatment of PD model cells with AS-IV, lincRNA-p21 expression was detected by qRT-PCR, and cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The binding of lincRNA-p21 to C/EBP-homologous (CHOP) protein was investigated by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down, and the effect of lincRNA-p21 on the ubiquitination of CHOP protein was examined by ubiquitination assay. The role of lincRNA-p21 in PD model was studied by cell transfection. RESULTS In PD mice, AS-IV can improve the behavior of mice and significantly inhibit expression of lincRNA-p21. Similarly, AS-IV can obviously restrain the expression of lincRNA-p21 in PD cells, and obviously elevated cell viability and restrained apoptosis. LincRNA-p21 is able to bind to CHOP protein. Further studies showed that restraint of lincRNA-p21 expression can facilitate ubiquitination of CHOP and accelerate its protein degradation. In AS-IV-treated PD model cells, overexpression of lincRNA-p21 lessened cell viability and facilitated apoptosis, whereas low expression of CHOP reversed this result. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that AS-IV can lessen the expression of CHOP protein by restraining the expression of lincRNA-p21 in the PD model, thereby inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Shu-Lin Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Feng-Rui Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China.
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Janković SM. Evaluation of zonisamide for the treatment of focal epilepsy: a review of pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:169-177. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1736035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gurunathan S, Jeyaraj M, La H, Yoo H, Choi Y, Do JT, Park C, Kim JH, Hong K. Anisotropic Platinum Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, Inflammatory Response, and Transcriptomic and Molecular Pathways in Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020440. [PMID: 31936679 PMCID: PMC7014054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermoplasmonic properties of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) render them desirable for use in diagnosis, detection, therapy, and surgery. However, their toxicological effects and impact at the molecular level remain obscure. Nanotoxicology is mainly focused on the interactions of nanostructures with biological systems, particularly with an emphasis on elucidating the relationship between the physical and chemical properties such as size and shape. Therefore, we hypothesized whether these unique anisotropic nanoparticles could induce cytotoxicity similar to that of spherical nanoparticles and the mechanism involved. Thus, we synthesized unique and distinct anisotropic PtNPs using lycopene as a biological template and investigated their biological activities in model human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) macrophages. Exposure to PtNPs for 24 h dose-dependently decreased cell viability and proliferation. Levels of the cytotoxic markers lactate dehydrogenase and intracellular protease significantly and dose-dependently increased with PtNP concentration. Furthermore, cells incubated with PtNPs dose-dependently produced oxidative stress markers including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and carbonylated protein. An imbalance in pro-oxidants and antioxidants was confirmed by significant decreases in reduced glutathione, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels against oxidative stress. The cell death mechanism was confirmed by mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased ATP levels, mitochondrial copy numbers, and PGC-1α expression. To further substantiate the mechanism of cell death mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), we determined the expression of the inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE1), (PKR-like ER kinase) PERK, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and activating transcription factor 4 ATF4, the apoptotic markers p53, Bax, and caspase 3, and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. PtNPs could activate ERS and apoptosis mediated by mitochondria. A proinflammatory response to PtNPs was confirmed by significant upregulation of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), interferon γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin (IL-6). Transcriptomic and molecular pathway analyses of THP-1 cells incubated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PtNPs revealed the altered expression of genes involved in protein misfolding, mitochondrial function, protein synthesis, inflammatory responses, and transcription regulation. We applied transcriptomic analyses to investigate anisotropic PtNP-induced toxicity for further mechanistic studies. Isotropic nanoparticles are specifically used to inhibit non-specific cellular uptake, leading to enhanced in vivo bio-distribution and increased targeting capabilities due to the higher radius of curvature. These characteristics of anisotropic nanoparticles could enable the technology as an attractive platform for nanomedicine in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kwonho Hong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-0560; Fax: +82-2-444-3490
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Krupa-Burtnik A, Zwierzyńska E, Pietrzak B. The effect of zonisamide on memory processes - A preclinical study. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 102:106659. [PMID: 31756621 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zonisamide is an antiepileptic drug with a perspective of a broader use. Although it is regarded as a relatively safe drug, zonisamide might cause disorders of the central nervous system. The study assessed the influence of zonisamide on spatial and emotional memory in adult Wistar rats. METHODS Morris water maze test was used to examine the effect of zonisamide administered p.o. as single dose (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) or repeatedly (50 mg/kg) on spatial memory. The impact of zonisamide administered as above on emotional memory was assessed in the Passive avoidance test. RESULTS Zonisamide mainly in a high acute dose impaired the spatial memory, whereas when administered repeatedly, its effect was observed only in the initial phase of the study. Emotional memory disturbances were noted only during repeated administration of zonisamide. CONCLUSION Zonisamide may impair memory and learning processes in rats but the results are varied and depend on the type of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Krupa-Burtnik
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Zwierzyńska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Bogusława Pietrzak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Łódź, Poland
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Sugiyama T, Imai T, Nakamura S, Yamauchi K, Sawada S, Shimazawa M, Hara H. A novel Nrf2 activator, RS9, attenuates secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in sub-acute phase. Brain Res 2018; 1701:137-145. [PMID: 30142309 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is attributed to secondary brain injury (SBI), which is caused by oxidative stress. Blood components induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-production and cause cytotoxicity. We focused on the antioxidant system and investigated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is a transcription factor that controls several antioxidant enzymes. We examined the effects of a novel Nrf2 activator, RS9, on SBI after ICH. ICH was induced by injecting autologous blood collected from the jugular vein (25 µL) into the striatum of mice. RS9 (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 0, 24, and 48 h after the induction of ICH. Using the ICH model, we measured brain edema, neurological function, neuronal damage and antioxidant proteins expression. We then investigated the mechanisms responsible for the effects of RS9 in vitro using the SH-SY5Y cell line. We used zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, to elucidate the relationship between HO-1 expression and cell death in vitro in a hemin injury model. RS9 decreased brain edema, improved neurological deficits, decreased neuronal damage area and up-regulated HO-1 and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD) expressions in the ICH mouse model. RS9 also suppressed neuronal cell death and ROS over-production in vitro. These protective effects were cancelled by the ZnPP co-treatment. Our results suggest that the activation of Nrf2 by RS9 exerts neuroprotective effects that are mediated by the attenuation of oxidative stress, and also that RS9 is an effective therapeutic candidate for the treatment for SBI after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sugiyama
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Keita Yamauchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toyohashi Medical Center, Aichi 440-8510, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Sawada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Matsunami General Hospital, 185-1 Dendai, Kasamatsu, Gifu 501-6062, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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13
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Sun B, Yang S, Li S, Hang C. Melatonin Upregulates Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2 Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and Mediates Mitophagy to Protect Against Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6422-6430. [PMID: 30210141 PMCID: PMC6149238 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether melatonin is involved in brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). MATERIAL AND METHODS An SAH model was established and TUNEL assays were utilized to detect the effect of melatonin on cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to detect the effect of melatonin on expression of autophagic markers and apoptotic factors. Real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and luciferase assay were performed to study the effect of melatonin on nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2) expression. RESULTS The SAH group displayed a lower neurological score and a higher brain water content, while melatonin treatment increased the neurological score and decreased the brain water content. The administration of melatonin also inhibited the apoptosis of neurons in the brain. In addition, higher Beclin-1 expression and higher conversion ratio from LC3- II to LC3-I were observed in the SAH group. The activation of Beclin-1 and the conversion from LC3-II to LC3-I was further enhanced by melatonin treatment. Furthermore, in the SAH group, the level of Bcl-2 was decreased while the level of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were increased. However, following melatonin treatment in the SAH group, the level of Bcl-2 was increased while the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that, by increasing the expression of NRF2, the mitophagy induced by melatonin provided protection against brain injury post-SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shengli Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Municipal Hospital of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chunhua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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The anti-parkinsonian drug zonisamide reduces neuroinflammation: Role of microglial Na v 1.6. Exp Neurol 2018; 308:111-119. [PMID: 30017881 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by dopamine depletion and the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons with accompanying neuroinflammation. Zonisamide is an-anti-convulsant drug that has recently been shown to improve clinical symptoms of PD through its inhibition of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). However, zonisamide has additional targets, including voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), which may contribute to its reported neuroprotective role in preclinical models of PD. Here, we report that Nav1.6 is highly expressed in microglia of post-mortem PD brain and of mice treated with the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin MPTP. Administration of zonisamide (20 mg/kg, i.p. every 4 h × 3) following a single injection of MPTP (12.5 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced microglial Nav 1.6 and microglial activation in the striatum, as indicated by Iba-1 staining and mRNA expression of F4/80. MPTP increased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and gp91phox, and this was significantly reduced by zonisamide. Together, these findings suggest that zonisamide may reduce neuroinflammation through the down-regulation of microglial Nav 1.6. Thus, in addition to its effects on parkinsonian symptoms through inhibition of MAO-B, zonisamide may have disease modifying potential through the inhibition of Nav 1.6 and neuroinflammation.
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15
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Branca JJV, Maresca M, Morucci G, Becatti M, Paternostro F, Gulisano M, Ghelardini C, Salvemini D, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Pacini A. Oxaliplatin-induced blood brain barrier loosening: a new point of view on chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23426-23438. [PMID: 29805744 PMCID: PMC5955120 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a key drug in the treatment of advanced metastatic colorectal cancer. Despite its beneficial effects in tumor reduction, the most prevalent side-effect of oxaliplatin treatment is a chemotherapy-induced neuropathy that frequently forces to discontinue the therapy. Indeed, along with direct damage to peripheral nerves, the chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity involves also the central nervous system (CNS) as demonstrated by pain chronicity and cognitive impairment (also known as chemobrain), a newly described pharmacological side effect. The presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is instrumental in preventing the entry of the drug into the CNS; here we tested the hypothesis that oxaliplatin might enter the endothelial cells of the BBB vessels and trigger a signaling pathway that induce the disassembly of the tight junctions, the critical components of the BBB integrity. By using a rat brain endothelial cell line (RBE4) we investigated the signaling pathway that ensued the entry of oxaliplatin within the cell. We found that the administration of 10 μM oxaliplatin for 8 and 16 h induced alterations of the tight junction (TJs) proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and of F-actin, thus highlighting BBB alteration. Furthermore, we reported that intracellular oxaliplatin rapidly induced increased levels of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress, assessed by the evaluation of glucose-regulated protein GRP78 expression levels. These events were accompanied by activation of caspase-3 that led to extracellular ATP release. These findings suggested a possible novel mechanism of action for oxaliplatin toxicity that could explain, at least in part, the chemotherapy-related central effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Maresca
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Morucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Becatti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Paternostro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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16
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Meng C, Zhang J, Dang B, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Wang Z. PERK Pathway Activation Promotes Intracerebral Hemorrhage Induced Secondary Brain Injury by Inducing Neuronal Apoptosis Both in Vivo and in Vitro. Front Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29541018 PMCID: PMC5835756 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling pathway was reported to exert an important role in neuronal apoptosis. The present study was designed to investigate the roles of the PERK signaling pathway in the secondary brain injury (SBI) induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its potential mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish ICH models by injecting autologous blood (100 μl), and cultured primary rat cortical neurons were exposed to oxyhemoglobin (10 μM) to mimic ICH in vitro. The PERK antagonist, GSK2606414, and inhibitor of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2α) dephosphorylation, salubrinal, were used to study the roles of PERK signaling pathway in ICH-induced SBI. Our results showed that the protein levels of p-eIF2α and ATF4 were upregulated following ICH, peaking at 48 h. Application of GSK2606414 reversed this increase in vivo and in vitro, thereby preventing ICH-induced neuronal apoptosis. On the contrary, salubrinal inhibited the dephosphorylation of eIF2α, resulting in the elevation of p-eIF2α, which could activate downstream of PERK signaling and induce neuronal apoptosis and necrosis following ICH in vitro and in vivo. Thus, PERK signaling pathway plays an important role in ICH-induced apoptosis and blocking its activation has neuroprotective effects that alleviates SBI, suggesting that targeting this pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy for improving patient outcome after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng First Peoples' Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Juyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoqi Dang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Qie X, Wen D, Guo H, Xu G, Liu S, Shen Q, Liu Y, Zhang W, Cong B, Ma C. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Methamphetamine-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Damage. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:639. [PMID: 28959203 PMCID: PMC5603670 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse causes serious health problems worldwide, and long-term use of METH disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, we explored the potential mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in METH-induced BBB endothelial cell damage in vitro and the therapeutic potential of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors for METH-induced BBB disruption in C57BL/6J mice. Exposure of immortalized BMVEC (bEnd.3) cells to METH significantly decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, and diminished the tightness of cell monolayers. METH activated ER stress sensor proteins, including PERK, ATF6, and IRE1, and upregulated the pro-apoptotic protein CHOP. The ER stress inhibitors significantly blocked the upregulation of CHOP. Knockdown of CHOP protected bEnd.3 cells from METH-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, METH elevated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced the dysfunction of mitochondrial characterized by a Bcl2/Bax ratio decrease, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, and cytochrome c. ER stress release was partially reversed by ROS inhibition, and cytochrome c release was partially blocked by knockdown of CHOP. Finally, PBA significantly attenuated METH-induced sodium fluorescein (NaFluo) and Evans Blue leakage, as well as tight junction protein loss, in C57BL/6J mice. These data suggest that BBB endothelial cell damage was caused by METH-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which further induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and that PBA was an effective treatment for METH-induced BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Qie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Di Wen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Guanjie Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Qianchao Shen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- The 8th Brigade of General Division of Criminal Investigation, Beijing Municipal Public Security BureauBeijing, China
| | - Bin Cong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang, China
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18
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Herrera A, Muñoz P, Steinbusch HWM, Segura-Aguilar J. Are Dopamine Oxidation Metabolites Involved in the Loss of Dopaminergic Neurons in the Nigrostriatal System in Parkinson's Disease? ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:702-711. [PMID: 28233992 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1967, L-dopa was introduced as part of the pharmacological therapy of Parkinson's disease (PD) and, in spite of extensive research, no additional effective drugs have been discovered to treat PD. This brings forward the question: why have no new drugs been developed? We consider that one of the problems preventing the discovery of new drugs is that we still have no information on the pathophysiology of the neurodegeneration of the neuromelanin-containing nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Currently, it is widely accepted that the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, i.e., in the substantia nigra pars compacta, involves mitochondrial dysfunction, the formation of neurotoxic oligomers of alpha-synuclein, the dysfunction of protein degradation systems, neuroinflammation, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the initial trigger of these mechanisms in the nigrostriatal system is still unknown. It has been reported that aminochrome induces the majority of these mechanisms involved in the neurodegeneration process. Aminochrome is formed within the cytoplasm of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons during the oxidation of dopamine to neuromelanin. The oxidation of dopamine to neuromelanin is a normal and harmless process, because healthy individuals have intact neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons. Interestingly, aminochrome-induced neurotoxicity is prevented by two enzymes: DT-diaphorase and glutathione transferase M2-2, which explains why melanin-containing dopaminergic neurons are intact in healthy human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herrera
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of
Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Harry W. M. Steinbusch
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of
Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Glutathione peroxidase 4: a new player in neurodegeneration? Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:328-335. [PMID: 27777421 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is an antioxidant enzyme reported as an inhibitor of ferroptosis, a recently discovered non-apoptotic form of cell death. This pathway was initially described in cancer cells and has since been identified in hippocampal and renal cells. In this Perspective, we propose that inhibition of ferroptosis by GPx4 provides protective mechanisms against neurodegeneration. In addition, we suggest that selenium deficiency enhances susceptibility to ferroptotic processes, as well as other programmed cell death pathways due to a reduction in GPx4 activity. We review recent studies of GPx4 with an emphasis on neuronal protection, and discuss the relevance of selenium levels on its enzymatic activity.
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20
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Bentea E, Van Liefferinge J, Verbruggen L, Martens K, Kobayashi S, Deneyer L, Demuyser T, Albertini G, Maes K, Sato H, Smolders I, Lewerenz J, Massie A. Zonisamide attenuates lactacystin-induced parkinsonism in mice without affecting system x c<sup/>. Exp Neurol 2016; 290:15-28. [PMID: 28024798 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zonisamide (ZNS), an anticonvulsant drug exhibiting symptomatic effects in Parkinson's disease (PD), was recently reported to exert neuroprotection in rodent models. One of the proposed neuroprotective mechanisms involves increased protein expression of xCT, the specific subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc-, inducing glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Here, we investigated the outcome of ZNS treatment in a mouse model of PD based on intranigral proteasome inhibition, and whether the observed effects would be mediated by system xc-. The proteasome inhibitor lactacystin (LAC) was administered intranigrally to male C57BL/6J mice receiving repeated intraperitoneal injections of either ZNS 30mgkg-1 or vehicle. Drug administration was initiated three days prior to stereotaxic LAC injection and was maintained until six days post-surgery. One week after lesion, mice were behaviorally assessed and investigated in terms of nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and molecular changes at the level of the basal ganglia, including expression levels of xCT. ZNS reduced the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons following LAC injection and the degree of sensorimotor impairment. ZNS failed, however, to modulate xCT expression in basal ganglia of lesioned mice. In a separate set of experiments, the impact of ZNS treatment on system xc- was investigated in control conditions in vivo as well as in vitro. Similarly, ZNS did not influence xCT or glutathione levels in naive male C57BL/6J mice, nor did it alter system xc- activity or glutathione content in vitro. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ZNS treatment provides neuroprotection and behavioral improvement in a PD mouse model based on proteasome inhibition via system xc- independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Bentea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joeri Van Liefferinge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lise Verbruggen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katleen Martens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Food and Applied Life Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Lauren Deneyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Demuyser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulia Albertini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien Maes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hideyo Sato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Lewerenz
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann Massie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Go BS, Kim J, Yang JH, Choe ES. Psychostimulant-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4041-4048. [PMID: 27314686 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a subcellular organelle that ensures proper protein folding process. The ER stress is defined as cellular conditions that disturb the ER homeostasis, resulting in accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins in the lumen of the ER. The presence of these proteins within the ER activates the ER stress response, known as unfolded protein response (UPR), to restore normal functions of the ER. However, under the severe and/or prolonged ER stress, UPR initiates apoptotic cell death. Psychostimulants such as cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine cause the ER stress and/or apoptotic cell death in regions of the brain related to drug addiction. Recent studies have shown that the ER stress in response to psychostimulants is linked to behavioral sensitization and that the psychostimulant-induced ER stress signaling cascades are closely associated with the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this review was conducted to improve understanding of the functional role of the ER stress in the addiction as well as neurodegenerative diseases. This would be helpful to facilitate development of new therapeutic strategies for the drug addiction and/or neurodegenerative diseases caused or exacerbated by exposure to psychostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok Soon Go
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Korea.,Department of Psychology, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Eun Sang Choe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Korea.
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Yan F, Cao S, Li J, Dixon B, Yu X, Chen J, Gu C, Lin W, Chen G. Pharmacological Inhibition of PERK Attenuates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats Through the Activation of Akt. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1808-1817. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Neuroprotection as a Potential Therapeutic Perspective in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Antiepileptic Drugs. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:340-52. [PMID: 26721507 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotection is conceived as one of the potential tool to prevent or slow neuronal death and hence a therapeutic hope to treat neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Increase of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, inflammatory changes, iron accumulation, and protein aggregation have been identified as main causes of neuronal death and adopted as targets to test experimentally the putative neuroprotective effects of various classes of drugs. Among these agents, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), both the old and the newer generations, have shown to exert protective effects in different experimental models. Their mechanism of action is mediated mainly by modulating the activity of sodium, calcium and potassium channels as well as the glutamatergic and GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) synapses. Neurological pathologies in which a neuroprotective action of AEDs has been demonstrated in specific experimental models include: cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Although the whole of experimental data indicating that neuroprotection can be achieved is remarkable and encouraging, no firm data have been produced in humans so far and, at the present time, neuroprotection still remains a challenge for the future.
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Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H. Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:154-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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