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Eliezeck M, Guedes Jesus IC, Scalzo SA, Sanches BDL, Silva KSC, Costa M, Mesquita T, Rocha-Resende C, Szawka RE, Guatimosim S. β-Adrenergic signaling drives structural and functional maturation of mouse cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1334-C1344. [PMID: 38557356 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00426.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac maturation represents the last phase of heart development and is characterized by morphofunctional alterations that optimize the heart for efficient pumping. Its understanding provides important insights into cardiac regeneration therapies. Recent evidence implies that adrenergic signals are involved in the regulation of cardiac maturation, but the mechanistic underpinnings involved in this process are poorly understood. Herein, we explored the role of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation in determining structural and functional components of cardiomyocyte maturation. Temporal characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase and norepinephrine levels in the mouse heart revealed that sympathetic innervation develops during the first 3 wk of life, concurrent with the rise in β-AR expression. To assess the impact of adrenergic inhibition on maturation, we treated mice with propranolol, isolated cardiomyocytes, and evaluated morphofunctional parameters. Propranolol treatment reduced heart weight, cardiomyocyte size, and cellular shortening, while it increased the pool of mononucleated myocytes, resulting in impaired maturation. No changes in t-tubules were observed in cells from propranolol mice. To establish a causal link between β-AR signaling and cardiomyocyte maturation, mice were subjected to sympathectomy, followed or not by restoration with isoproterenol treatment. Cardiomyocytes from sympathectomyzed mice recapitulated the salient immaturity features of propranolol-treated mice, with the additional loss of t-tubules. Isoproterenol rescued the maturation deficits induced by sympathectomy, except for the t-tubule alterations. Our study identifies the β-AR stimuli as a maturation promoting signal and implies that this pathway can be modulated to improve cardiac regeneration therapies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maturation involves a series of morphofunctional alterations vital to heart development. Its regulatory mechanisms are only now being unveiled. Evidence implies that adrenergic signaling regulates cardiac maturation, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this point, we blocked β-ARs or performed sympathectomy followed by rescue experiments with isoproterenol in neonatal mice. Our study identifies the β-AR stimuli as a maturation signal for cardiomyocytes and highlights the importance of this pathway in cardiac regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Eliezeck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Itamar Couto Guedes Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A Scalzo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Lima Sanches
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kaoma Stephani Costa Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mateus Costa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thássio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Cibele Rocha-Resende
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Beito MR, Ashraf S, Odogwu D, Harmancey R. Role of Ectopic Olfactory Receptors in the Regulation of the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Axis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:548. [PMID: 38792570 PMCID: PMC11122380 DOI: 10.3390/life14050548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) represent one of the largest yet least investigated families of G protein-coupled receptors in mammals. While initially believed to be functionally restricted to the detection and integration of odors at the olfactory epithelium, accumulating evidence points to a critical role for ectopically expressed ORs in the regulation of cellular homeostasis in extranasal tissues. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the expression and physiological functions of ectopic ORs in the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and primary metabolic organs and emphasizes how altered ectopic OR signaling in those tissues may impact cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Romain Harmancey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.R.B.); (S.A.); (D.O.)
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Maghsoudi S, Shuaib R, Van Bastelaere B, Dakshinamurti S. Adenylyl cyclase isoforms 5 and 6 in the cardiovascular system: complex regulation and divergent roles. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1370506. [PMID: 38633617 PMCID: PMC11021717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1370506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are crucial effector enzymes that transduce divergent signals from upstream receptor pathways and are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of ATP to cAMP. The ten AC isoforms are categorized into four main groups; the class III or calcium-inhibited family of ACs comprises AC5 and AC6. These enzymes are very closely related in structure and have a paucity of selective activators or inhibitors, making it difficult to distinguish them experimentally. AC5 and AC6 are highly expressed in the heart and vasculature, as well as the spinal cord and brain; AC6 is also abundant in the lungs, kidney, and liver. However, while AC5 and AC6 have similar expression patterns with some redundant functions, they have distinct physiological roles due to differing regulation and cAMP signaling compartmentation. AC5 is critical in cardiac and vascular function; AC6 is a key effector of vasodilatory pathways in vascular myocytes and is enriched in fetal/neonatal tissues. Expression of both AC5 and AC6 decreases in heart failure; however, AC5 disruption is cardio-protective, while overexpression of AC6 rescues cardiac function in cardiac injury. This is a comprehensive review of the complex regulation of AC5 and AC6 in the cardiovascular system, highlighting overexpression and knockout studies as well as transgenic models illuminating each enzyme and focusing on post-translational modifications that regulate their cellular localization and biological functions. We also describe pharmacological challenges in the design of isoform-selective activators or inhibitors for AC5 and AC6, which may be relevant to developing new therapeutic approaches for several cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Maghsoudi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rabia Shuaib
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ben Van Bastelaere
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shyamala Dakshinamurti
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Tonko JB, Lambiase PD. The proarrhythmogenic role of autonomics and emerging neuromodulation approaches to prevent sudden death in cardiac ion channelopathies. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:114-131. [PMID: 38195920 PMCID: PMC10936753 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias in cardiac channelopathies are linked to autonomic triggers, which are sub-optimally targeted in current management strategies. Improved molecular understanding of cardiac channelopathies and cellular autonomic signalling could refine autonomic therapies to target the specific signalling pathways relevant to the specific aetiologies as well as the central nervous system centres involved in the cardiac autonomic regulation. This review summarizes key anatomical and physiological aspects of the cardiac autonomic nervous system and its impact on ventricular arrhythmias in primary inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Proarrhythmogenic autonomic effects and potential therapeutic targets in defined conditions including the Brugada syndrome, early repolarization syndrome, long QT syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia will be examined. Pharmacological and interventional neuromodulation options for these cardiac channelopathies are discussed. Promising new targets for cardiac neuromodulation include inhibitory and excitatory G-protein coupled receptors, neuropeptides, chemorepellents/attractants as well as the vagal and sympathetic nuclei in the central nervous system. Novel therapeutic strategies utilizing invasive and non-invasive deep brain/brain stem stimulation as well as the rapidly growing field of chemo-, opto-, or sonogenetics allowing cell-specific targeting to reduce ventricular arrhythmias are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna B Tonko
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, London, UK
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, London, UK
- Department for Cardiology, Bart’s Heart Centre, West Smithfield EC1A 7BE, London, UK
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Kothiya A, Adlakha N. Impact of Interdependent Ca 2+ and IP 3 Dynamics On ATP Regulation in A Fibroblast Model. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:795-811. [PMID: 37749442 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The vital participation of Ca2+ in human organ functions such as muscular contractions, heartbeat, brain functionality, skeletal activity, etc, motivated the scientists to thoroughly research the mechanisms of calcium (Ca2+) signalling in distinct human cells. Ca2+, inositol triphosphate (IP3), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) play important roles in cell signaling and physiological processes. ATP and its derivatives are hypothesized to be important in the pathogenic process that leads to fibrotic illnesses like fibrosis. Fluctuations in Ca2+ and IP3 in a fibroblast cell influence ATP production. To date, no evidence of coupled Ca2+ and IP3 mechanics regulating ATP generation in a fibroblast cell during fibrotic disease has been found. The current work suggests an integrated mechanism for Ca2+ and IP3 dynamics in a fibroblast cell that regulates ATP generation. Simulation has been carried out using the finite element approach. The mechanics of interdependent systems findings vary dramatically from the results of basic independent system mechanics and give fresh information about the two systems' activities. The numerical results provide new insights into the impacts of disturbances in source influx, the serca pump, and buffers on interdependent Ca2+ and IP3 dynamics and ATP synthesis in a fibroblast cell. According to the findings of this study, fibrotic disorders cannot be attributed solely to disruptions in the processes of calcium signaling mechanics but also to disruptions in IP3 regulation mechanisms affecting the regulation of calcium in the fibroblast cell and ATP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kothiya
- DoM, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Neeru Adlakha
- DoM, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
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Lymperopoulos A, Borges JI, Stoicovy RA. RGS proteins and cardiovascular Angiotensin II Signaling: Novel opportunities for therapeutic targeting. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115904. [PMID: 37922976 PMCID: PMC10841918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII), as an octapeptide hormone normally ionized at physiological pH, cannot cross cell membranes and thus, relies on, two (mainly) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) types, AT1R and AT2R, to exert its intracellular effects in various organ systems including the cardiovascular one. Although a lot remains to be elucidated about the signaling of the AT2R, AT1R signaling is known to be remarkably versatile, mobilizing a variety of G protein-dependent and independent signal transduction pathways inside cells to produce a biological outcome. Cardiac AT1R signaling leads to hypertrophy, adverse remodeling, fibrosis, while vascular AT1R signaling raises blood pressure via vasoconstriction, but also elicits hypertrophic, vascular growth/proliferation, and pathological remodeling sets of events. In addition, adrenal AT1R is the major physiological stimulus (alongside hyperkalemia) for secretion of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone that contributes to hypertension, electrolyte abnormalities, and to pathological remodeling of the failing heart. Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) proteins, discovered about 25 years ago as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for the Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, play a central role in silencing G protein signaling from a plethora of GPCRs, including the AngII receptors. Given the importance of AngII and its receptors, but also of several RGS proteins, in cardiovascular homeostasis, the physiological and pathological significance of RGS protein-mediated modulation of cardiovascular AngII signaling comes as no surprise. In the present review, we provide an overview of the current literature on the involvement of RGS proteins in cardiovascular AngII signaling, by discussing their roles in cardiac (cardiomyocyte and cardiofibroblast), vascular (smooth muscle and endothelial cell), and adrenal (medulla and cortex) AngII signaling, separately. Along the way, we also highlight the therapeutic potential of enhancement of, or, in some cases, inhibition of each RGS protein involved in AngII signaling in each one of these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA.
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Renee A Stoicovy
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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Leemann S, Schneider-Warme F, Kleinlogel S. Cardiac optogenetics: shining light on signaling pathways. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1421-1437. [PMID: 38097805 PMCID: PMC10730638 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In the early 2000s, the field of neuroscience experienced a groundbreaking transformation with the advent of optogenetics. This innovative technique harnesses the properties of naturally occurring and genetically engineered rhodopsins to confer light sensitivity upon target cells. The remarkable spatiotemporal precision offered by optogenetics has provided researchers with unprecedented opportunities to dissect cellular physiology, leading to an entirely new level of investigation. Initially revolutionizing neuroscience, optogenetics quickly piqued the interest of the wider scientific community, and optogenetic applications were expanded to cardiovascular research. Over the past decade, researchers have employed various optical tools to observe, regulate, and steer the membrane potential of excitable cells in the heart. Despite these advancements, achieving control over specific signaling pathways within the heart has remained an elusive goal. Here, we review the optogenetic tools suitable to control cardiac signaling pathways with a focus on GPCR signaling, and delineate potential applications for studying these pathways, both in healthy and diseased hearts. By shedding light on these exciting developments, we hope to contribute to the ongoing progress in basic cardiac research to facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic possibilities for treating cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Leemann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schneider-Warme
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg - Bad Krozingen, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Kleinlogel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Translational Medicine Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
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Jin Z, Lakshmanan A, Zhang R, Tran TA, Rabut C, Dutka P, Duan M, Hurt RC, Malounda D, Yao Y, Shapiro MG. Ultrasonic reporters of calcium for deep tissue imaging of cellular signals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566364. [PMID: 37986929 PMCID: PMC10659314 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcium imaging has enabled major biological discoveries. However, the scattering of light by tissue limits the use of standard fluorescent calcium indicators in living animals. To address this limitation, we introduce the first genetically encoded ultrasonic reporter of calcium (URoC). Based on a unique class of air-filled protein nanostructures called gas vesicles, we engineered URoC to produce elevated nonlinear ultrasound signal upon binding to calcium ions. With URoC expressed in mammalian cells, we demonstrate noninvasive ultrasound imaging of calcium signaling in vivo during drug-induced receptor activation. URoC brings the depth and resolution advantages of ultrasound to the in vivo imaging of dynamic cellular function and paves the way for acoustic biosensing of a broader variety of biological signals.
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Balligand JL, Michel LYM. Clinical pharmacology of β-3 adrenergic receptor agonists for cardiovascular diseases. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:1073-1084. [PMID: 37728503 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2193681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few agonists of the third isotype of beta-adrenergic receptors, the β3-adrenoreceptor, are currently used clinically, and new agonists are under development for the treatment of overactive bladder disease. As the receptor is expressed in human cardiac and vascular tissues, it is important to understand their beneficial (or adverse) effect(s) on these targets. AREAS COVERED We discuss the most recent results of clinical trials testing the benefit and safety of β3-adrenoreceptor activation on cardiovascular outcomes in light of current knowledge on the receptor biology, genetic polymorphisms, and agonist pharmacology. EXPERT OPINION While evidence from small clinical trials is limited so far, the β3-agonist, mirabegron seems to be safe in patients at high cardiovascular risk but produces benefits on selected cardiovascular outcomes only at higher than standard doses. Activation of cardiovascular β3-adrenoreceptors deserves to be tested with more potent agonists, such as vibegron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lauriane Y M Michel
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique (IREC) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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Li Y, Li B, Chen WD, Wang YD. Role of G-protein coupled receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1130312. [PMID: 37342437 PMCID: PMC10277692 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1130312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, with CVDs accounting for nearly 30% of deaths worldwide each year. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most prominent family of receptors on the cell surface, and play an essential regulating cellular physiology and pathology. Some GPCR antagonists, such as β-blockers, are standard therapy for the treatment of CVDs. In addition, nearly one-third of the drugs used to treat CVDs target GPCRs. All the evidence demonstrates the crucial role of GPCRs in CVDs. Over the past decades, studies on the structure and function of GPCRs have identified many targets for the treatment of CVDs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the role of GPCRs in the function of the cardiovascular system from both vascular and heart perspectives, then analyze the complex ways in which multiple GPCRs exert regulatory functions in vascular and heart diseases. We hope to provide new ideas for the treatment of CVDs and the development of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Boyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, The People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, School of Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Lymperopoulos A, Borges JI, Suster MS. Angiotensin II-dependent aldosterone production in the adrenal cortex. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:393-404. [PMID: 38408805 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is responsible for production of adrenal steroid hormones and is anatomically divided into three distinct zones: zona glomerulosa secreting mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone), zona fasciculata secreting glucocorticoids (cortisol), and zona reticularis producing androgens. Importantly, due to their high lipophilicity, no adrenal steroid hormone (including aldosterone) is stored in vesicles but rather gets synthesized and secreted instantly upon cell stimulation with specific stimuli. Aldosterone is the most potent mineralocorticoid hormone produced from the adrenal cortex in response to either angiotensin II (AngII) or elevated K+ levels in the blood (hyperkalemia). AngII, being a peptide, cannot cross cell membranes and thus, uses two distinct G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) types, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) and AT2R to exert its effects inside cells. In zona glomerulosa cells, AT1R activation by AngII results in aldosterone synthesis and secretion via two main pathways: (a) Gq/11 proteins that activate phospholipase C ultimately raising intracellular free calcium concentration; and (b) βarrestin1 and -2 (also known as Arrestin-2 and -3, respectively) that elicit sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Both pathways induce upregulation and acute activation of StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory) protein, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in aldosterone biosynthesis. This chapter describes these two salient pathways underlying AT1R-induced aldosterone production in zona glomerulosa cells. We also highlight some pharmacologically important notions pertaining to the efficacy of the currently available AT1R antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) or sartans at suppressing both pathways, i.e., their inverse agonism efficacy at G proteins and βarrestins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
| | - Jordana I Borges
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Malka S Suster
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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Yin X, Yin X, Pan X, Zhang J, Fan X, Li J, Zhai X, Jiang L, Hao P, Wang J, Chen Y. Post-myocardial infarction fibrosis: Pathophysiology, examination, and intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070973. [PMID: 37056987 PMCID: PMC10086160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis plays an indispensable role in cardiac tissue homeostasis and repair after myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix collagen deposition are the hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis, which are modulated by multiple signaling pathways and various types of cells in time-dependent manners. Our understanding of the development of cardiac fibrosis after MI has evolved in basic and clinical researches, and the regulation of fibrotic remodeling may facilitate novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and finally improve outcomes. Here, we aim to elaborate pathophysiology, examination and intervention of cardiac fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhui Fan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhai
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Wang, ; Yuguo Chen,
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Wang, ; Yuguo Chen,
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13
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Borges JI, Suster MS, Lymperopoulos A. Cardiac RGS Proteins in Human Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation: Focus on RGS4. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076136. [PMID: 37047106 PMCID: PMC10147095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are crucial for the termination of G protein signals elicited by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This superfamily of cell membrane receptors, by far the largest and most versatile in mammals, including humans, play pivotal roles in the regulation of cardiac function and homeostasis. Perturbations in both the activation and termination of their G protein-mediated signaling underlie numerous heart pathologies, including heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AFib). Therefore, RGS proteins play important roles in the pathophysiology of these two devasting cardiac diseases, and several of them could be targeted therapeutically. Although close to 40 human RGS proteins have been identified, each RGS protein seems to interact only with a specific set of G protein subunits and GPCR types/subtypes in any given tissue or cell type. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models, and also in diseased human heart tissue obtained from transplantations or tissue banks, have provided substantial evidence of the roles various cardiomyocyte RGS proteins play in cardiac normal homeostasis as well as pathophysiology. One RGS protein in particular, RGS4, has been reported in what are now decades-old studies to be selectively upregulated in human HF. It has also been implicated in protection against AFib via knockout mice studies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functional roles of cardiac RGS proteins and their implications for the treatment of HF and AFib, with a specific focus on RGS4 for the aforementioned reasons but also because it can be targeted successfully with small organic molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverrman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Malka S Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverrman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverrman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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14
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Chda A, Bencheikh R. Flavonoids as G Protein-coupled Receptors Ligands: New Potential Therapeutic Natural Drugs. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1346-1363. [PMID: 38037994 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501268871231127105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the largest family of cell surface receptors found in the human genome. They govern a wide range of physiological responses in both health and diseases, making them one of the potential targeted surface receptors for pharmaceuticals. Flavonoids can modulate GPCRs activity by acting as allosteric ligands. They can either enhance or reduce the GPCR's effect. Emerging research shows that individual flavonoids or mixtures of flavonoids from plant extracts can have relevant pharmacological effects against a number of diseases, particularly by influencing GPCRs. In the present review, we are considering to give a comprehensive overview of flavonoids and related compounds that exhibit GPCRs activity and to further explore which beneficial structural features. Molecular docking was used to strengthen experimental evidence and describe flavonoid-GPCRs interactions at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alae Chda
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LM2BM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Road of Immouzer, PO Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques - Fez. Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules (LM2BM), Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Road of Immouzer, PO Box 2202, Fez, Morocco
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15
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Del Calvo G, Baggio Lopez T, Lymperopoulos A. The therapeutic potential of targeting cardiac RGS4. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 17:17539447231199350. [PMID: 37724539 PMCID: PMC10510358 DOI: 10.1177/17539447231199350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play pivotal roles in regulation of cardiac function and homeostasis. To function properly, every cell needs these receptors to be stimulated only when a specific extracellular stimulus is present, and to be silenced the moment that stimulus is removed. The regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are crucial for the latter to occur at the cell membrane, where the GPCR normally resides. Perturbations in both activation and termination of G protein signaling underlie numerous heart pathologies. Although more than 30 mammalian RGS proteins have been identified, each RGS protein seems to interact only with a specific set of G protein subunits and GPCR types/subtypes in any given tissue or cell type, and this applies to the myocardium as well. A large number of studies have provided substantial evidence for the roles various RGS proteins expressed in cardiomyocytes play in cardiac physiology and heart disease pathophysiology. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functional roles of cardiac RGS proteins and their implications for the treatment of specific heart diseases, such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation. We focus on cardiac RGS4 in particular, since this isoform appears to be selectively (among the RGS protein family) upregulated in human heart failure and is also the target of ongoing drug discovery efforts for the treatment of a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Del Calvo
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Teresa Baggio Lopez
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, HPD (Terry) Building/Room 1350, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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16
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Carbone AM, Del Calvo G, Nagliya D, Sharma K, Lymperopoulos A. Autonomic Nervous System Regulation of Epicardial Adipose Tissue: Potential Roles for Regulator of G Protein Signaling-4. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6093-6103. [PMID: 36547076 PMCID: PMC9776453 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) or epicardial fat is a visceral fat depot in the heart that contains intrinsic adrenergic and cholinergic nerves, through which it interacts with the cardiac sympathetic (adrenergic) and parasympathetic (cholinergic) nervous systems. These EAT nerves represent a significant source of several adipokines and other bioactive molecules, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, and free fatty acids. The production of these molecules is biologically relevant for the heart, since abnormalities in EAT secretion are implicated in the development of pathological conditions, including coronary atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. Sympathetic hyperactivity and parasympathetic (cholinergic) derangement are associated with EAT dysfunction, leading to a variety of adverse cardiac conditions, such as heart failure, diastolic dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, etc.; therefore, several studies have focused on exploring the autonomic regulation of EAT as it pertains to heart disease pathogenesis and progression. In addition, Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS)-4 is a protein with significant regulatory roles in both adrenergic and muscarinic receptor signaling in the heart. In this review, we provide an overview of the autonomic regulation of EAT, with a specific focus on cardiac RGS4 and the potential roles this protein plays in this regulation.
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17
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Ferrero KM, Koch WJ. GRK2 in cardiovascular disease and its potential as a therapeutic target. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:14-23. [PMID: 35878706 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of death globally. Despite major advances in the field of pharmacological CVD treatments, particularly in the field of heart failure (HF) research, case numbers and overall mortality remain high and have trended upwards over the last few years. Thus, identifying novel molecular targets for developing HF therapeutics remains a key research focus. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical myocardial signal transducers which regulate cardiac contractility, growth, adaptation and metabolism. Additionally, GPCR dysregulation underlies multiple models of cardiac pathology, and most pharmacological therapeutics currently used in HF target these receptors. Currently-approved treatments have improved patient outcomes, but therapies to stop or reverse HF are lacking. A recent focus on GPCR intracellular-regulating proteins such as GPCR kinases (GRKs) has uncovered GRK2 as a promising target for combating HF. Current literature strongly establishes increased levels and activity of GRK2 in multiple models of CVD. Additionally, the GRK2 interactome includes numerous proteins which interact with differential domains of GRK2 to modulate both beneficial and deleterious signaling pathways in the heart, indicating that these domains can be targeted with a high level of specificity unique to various cardiac pathologies. These data support the premise that GRK2 should be at the forefront of a novel investigative drug search. This perspective reviews cardiac GPCRs, describes the structure and functions of GRK2 in cardiac function and maladaptive pathology, and summarizes the ongoing and future research for targeting this critical kinase across cellular, animal and human models of cardiac dysfunction and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Ferrero
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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18
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Mind the Gap—Deciphering GPCR Pharmacology Using 3D Pharmacophores and Artificial Intelligence. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111304. [DOI: 10.3390/ph15111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are amongst the most pharmaceutically relevant and well-studied protein targets, yet unanswered questions in the field leave significant gaps in our understanding of their nuanced structure and function. Three-dimensional pharmacophore models are powerful computational tools in in silico drug discovery, presenting myriad opportunities for the integration of GPCR structural biology and cheminformatics. This review highlights success stories in the application of 3D pharmacophore modeling to de novo drug design, the discovery of biased and allosteric ligands, scaffold hopping, QSAR analysis, hit-to-lead optimization, GPCR de-orphanization, mechanistic understanding of GPCR pharmacology and the elucidation of ligand–receptor interactions. Furthermore, advances in the incorporation of dynamics and machine learning are highlighted. The review will analyze challenges in the field of GPCR drug discovery, detailing how 3D pharmacophore modeling can be used to address them. Finally, we will present opportunities afforded by 3D pharmacophore modeling in the advancement of our understanding and targeting of GPCRs.
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19
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Maning J, Desimine VL, Pollard CM, Ghandour J, Lymperopoulos A. Carvedilol Selectively Stimulates βArrestin2-Dependent SERCA2a Activity in Cardiomyocytes to Augment Contractility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911315. [PMID: 36232617 PMCID: PMC9570329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) carries the highest mortality in the western world and β-blockers [β-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonists] are part of the cornerstone pharmacotherapy for post-myocardial infarction (MI) chronic HF. Cardiac β1AR-activated βarrestin2, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) adapter protein, promotes Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)2a SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier)-ylation and activity, thereby directly increasing cardiac contractility. Given that certain β-blockers, such as carvedilol and metoprolol, can activate βarrestins and/or SERCA2a in the heart, we investigated the effects of these two agents on cardiac βarrestin2-dependent SERCA2a SUMOylation and activity. We found that carvedilol, but not metoprolol, acutely induces βarrestin2 interaction with SERCA2a in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), resulting in enhanced SERCA2a SUMOylation. However, this translates into enhanced SERCA2a activity only in the presence of the β2AR-selective inverse agonist ICI 118,551 (ICI), indicating an opposing effect of carvedilol-occupied β2AR subtype on carvedilol-occupied β1AR-stimulated, βarrestin2-dependent SERCA2a activation. In addition, the amplitude of fractional shortening of NRVMs, transfected to overexpress βarrestin2, is acutely enhanced by carvedilol, again in the presence of ICI only. In contrast, metoprolol was without effect on NRVMs’ shortening amplitude irrespective of ICI co-treatment. Importantly, the pro-contractile effect of carvedilol was also observed in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hIPSC)-derived cardiac myocytes (CMs) overexpressing βarrestin2, and, in fact, it was present even without concomitant ICI treatment of human CMs. Metoprolol with or without concomitant ICI did not affect contractility of human CMs, either. In conclusion, carvedilol, but not metoprolol, stimulates βarrestin2-mediated SERCA2a SUMOylation and activity through the β1AR in cardiac myocytes, translating into direct positive inotropy. However, this unique βarrestin2-dependent pro-contractile effect of carvedilol may be opposed or masked by carvedilol-bound β2AR subtype signaling.
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20
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Gong C, Ding Y, Liang F, Wu S, Tang X, Ding H, Huang W, Yu X, Zhou L, Li J, Liu S. Muscarinic receptor regulation of chronic pain-induced atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:934906. [PMID: 36187006 PMCID: PMC9521049 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.934906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common arrhythmias, is associated with chronic emotional disorder. Chronic pain represents a psychological instability condition related to cardiovascular diseases, but the mechanistic linkage connecting chronic pain to AF occurrence remains unknown. Wild-type C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into sham and chronic pain groups. Autonomic nerve remodeling was reflected by the increased atrial parasympathetic tension and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 expression. AF susceptibility was assessed through transesophageal burst stimulation in combination with electrocardiogram recording and investigating AERP in Langendorff perfused hearts. Our results demonstrated the elevated protein expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 in the atria of mice subjected to chronic pain stress. Moreover, chronic pain induced the increase of atrial PR interval, and atrial effective refractory periods as compared to the sham group, underlying the enhanced susceptibility of AF. Thus, autonomic cholinergic nerve may mediate mice AF in the setting of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gong
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiruo Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhang Ding
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Likun Zhou
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jun Li
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shaowen Liu
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21
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Borges JI, Ferraino KE, Cora N, Nagliya D, Suster MS, Carbone AM, Lymperopoulos A. Adrenal G Protein-Coupled Receptors and the Failing Heart: A Long-distance, Yet Intimate Affair. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:386-392. [PMID: 34983911 PMCID: PMC9294064 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Systolic heart failure (HF) is a chronic clinical syndrome characterized by the reduction in cardiac function and still remains the disease with the highest mortality worldwide. Despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatment, HF represents a severe clinical and social burden. Chronic human HF is characterized by several important neurohormonal perturbations, emanating from both the autonomic nervous system and the adrenal glands. Circulating catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) and aldosterone elevations are among the salient alterations that confer significant hormonal burden on the already compromised function of the failing heart. This is why sympatholytic treatments (such as β-blockers) and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which block the effects of angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone on the failing heart, are part of the mainstay HF pharmacotherapy presently. The adrenal gland plays an important role in the modulation of cardiac neurohormonal stress because it is the source of almost all aldosterone, of all epinephrine, and of a significant amount of norepinephrine reaching the failing myocardium from the blood circulation. Synthesis and release of these hormones in the adrenals is tightly regulated by adrenal G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors. In this review, we discuss important aspects of adrenal GPCR signaling and regulation, as they pertain to modulation of cardiac function in the context of chronic HF, by focusing on the 2 best studied adrenal GPCR types in that context, adrenergic receptors and AngII receptors (AT 1 Rs). Particular emphasis is given to findings from the past decade and a half that highlight the emerging roles of the GPCR-kinases and the β-arrestins in the adrenals, 2 protein families that regulate the signaling and functioning of GPCRs in all tissues, including the myocardium and the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana I. Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Krysten E. Ferraino
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Deepika Nagliya
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Malka S. Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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22
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Lymperopoulos A, Suster MS, Borges JI. Cardiovascular GPCR regulation by regulator of G protein signaling proteins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 193:145-166. [PMID: 36357075 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play pivotal roles in regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis across all vertebrate species, including humans. In terms of normal cellular function, termination of GPCR signaling via the heterotrimeric G proteins is equally (if not more) important to its stimulation. The Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) protein superfamily are indispensable for GPCR signaling cessation at the cell membrane, and thus, for cellular control of GPCR signaling and function. Perturbations in both activation and termination of G protein signaling underlie many examples of cardiovascular dysfunction and heart disease pathogenesis. Despite the plethora of over 30 members comprising the mammalian RGS protein superfamily, each member interacts with a specific set of second messenger pathways and GPCR types/subtypes in a tissue/cell type-specific manner. An increasing number of studies over the past two decades have provided compelling evidence for the involvement of various RGS proteins in physiological regulation of cardiovascular GPCRs and, consequently, also in the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular ailments. This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the functional roles of RGS proteins as they pertain to cardiovascular, i.e., heart, blood vessel, and platelet GPCR function, with a particular focus on their implications for chronic heart failure pathophysiology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
| | - Malka S Suster
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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23
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Characterization of Chicken α2A-Adrenoceptor: Molecular Cloning, Functional Analysis, and Its Involvement in Ovarian Follicular Development. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071113. [PMID: 35885896 PMCID: PMC9315859 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenoceptors are suggested to mediate the functions of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues in vertebrates. Compared to mammals, the functionality and expression of adrenoceptors have not been well characterized in birds. Here, we reported the structure, expression, and functionality of chicken functional α2A-adrenoceptor, named ADRA2A. The cloned chicken ADRA2A cDNA is 1335 bp in length, encoding the receptor with 444 amino acids (a.a.), which shows high amino acid sequence identity (63.4%) with its corresponding ortholog in humans. Using cell-based luciferase reporter assays and Western blot, we demonstrated that the ADRA2A could be activated by both NE and EPI through multiple signaling pathways, including MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. In addition, the mRNA expression of ADRA2A is found to be expressed abundantly in adult chicken tissues including thyroid, lung, ovary and adipose from the reported RNA-Seq data sets. Moreover, the mRNA expression of ADRA2A is also found to be highly expressed in the granulosa cells of 6–8 mm and F5 chicken ovarian follicles, which thus supports that ADRA2A signaling may play a role in ovarian follicular growth and differentiation. Taken together, our data provide the first proof that the α2A-adrenoceptor is functional in birds involving avian ovarian follicular development.
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Carbone AM, Borges JI, Suster MS, Sizova A, Cora N, Desimine VL, Lymperopoulos A. Regulator of G-Protein Signaling-4 Attenuates Cardiac Adverse Remodeling and Neuronal Norepinephrine Release-Promoting Free Fatty Acid Receptor FFAR3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5803. [PMID: 35628613 PMCID: PMC9147283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Propionic acid is a cell nutrient but also a stimulus for cellular signaling. Free fatty acid receptor (FFAR)-3, also known as GPR41, is a Gi/o protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates some of the propionate's actions in cells, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and increased firing/norepinephrine release from peripheral sympathetic neurons. The regulator of G-protein Signaling (RGS)-4 inactivates (terminates) both Gi/o- and Gq-protein signaling and, in the heart, protects against atrial fibrillation via calcium signaling attenuation. RGS4 activity is stimulated by β-adrenergic receptors (ARs) via protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation. Herein, we examined whether RGS4 modulates cardiac FFAR3 signaling/function. We report that RGS4 is essential for dampening of FFAR3 signaling in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, since siRNA-mediated RGS4 depletion significantly enhanced propionate-dependent cAMP lowering, Gi/o activation, p38 MAPK activation, pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production, and pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β synthesis. Additionally, catecholamine pretreatment blocked propionic acid/FFAR3 signaling via PKA-dependent activation of RGS4 in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Finally, RGS4 opposes FFAR3-dependent norepinephrine release from sympathetic-like neurons (differentiated Neuro-2a cells) co-cultured with H9c2 cardiomyocytes, thereby preserving the functional βAR number of the cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, RGS4 appears essential for propionate/FFAR3 signaling attenuation in both cardiomyocytes and sympathetic neurons, leading to cardioprotection against inflammation/adverse remodeling and to sympatholysis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA; (A.M.C.); (J.I.B.); (M.S.S.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (V.L.D.)
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25
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Matušková L, Javorka M. Adrenergic receptors gene polymorphisms and autonomic nervous control of heart and vascular tone. Physiol Res 2022; 70:S495-S510. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are the primary targets of catecholamines released from the sympathetic nerve endings during their activation. ARs play a central role in autonomic nervous system and serve as important targets of widely used drugs. Several ARs gene polymorphisms were found to be associated with cardiovascular disease in previous clinical studies. Although more precise mechanism of the polymorphisms influence on autonomic control of cardiovascular system was studied in many previous physiological studies, their results are not unequivocal. This paper reviews the results of clinical and physiological studies focused on the impact of selected common single nucleotide polymorphisms of ARs genes involved in sympathetic control on cardiovascular system and its control. In summary, many studies assessed only a very limited range of cardiovascular control related parameters providing only very limited view on the complex cardiovascular control. The overview of partially contradicting results underlines a need to examine wider range of cardiovascular measures including their reactivity under various stress conditions requiring further study. It is expected that an effect of one given polymorphism is not very prominent, but it is suggested that even subtle differences in cardiovascular control could – on a longer time scale – lead to the development of severe pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Matušková
- Department of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - M Javorka
- Department of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Martin, Slovakia
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Cokić M, Bruegmann T, Sasse P, Malan D. Optogenetic Stimulation of G i Signaling Enables Instantaneous Modulation of Cardiomyocyte Pacemaking. Front Physiol 2022; 12:768495. [PMID: 34987414 PMCID: PMC8721037 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.768495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein signaling pathways are central in the regulation of cardiac function in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Their functional analysis through optogenetic techniques with selective expression of opsin proteins and activation by specific wavelengths allows high spatial and temporal precision. Here, we present the application of long wavelength-sensitive cone opsin (LWO) in cardiomyocytes for activation of the Gi signaling pathway by red light. Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells expressing LWO were generated and differentiated into beating cardiomyocytes in embryoid bodies (EBs). Illumination with red light (625 nm) led to an instantaneous decrease up to complete inhibition (84–99% effectivity) of spontaneous beating, but had no effect on control EBs. By using increasing light intensities with 10 s pulses, we determined a half maximal effective light intensity of 2.4 μW/mm2 and a maximum effect at 100 μW/mm2. Pre-incubation of LWO EBs with pertussis toxin completely inhibited the light effect proving the specificity for Gi signaling. Frequency reduction was mainly due to the activation of GIRK channels because the specific channel blocker tertiapin reduced the light effect by ~80%. Compared with pharmacological stimulation of M2 receptors with carbachol with slow kinetics (>30 s), illumination of LWO had an identical efficacy, but much faster kinetics (<1 s) in the activation and deactivation demonstrating the temporal advantage of optogenetic stimulation. Thus, LWO is an effective optogenetic tool for selective stimulation of the Gi signaling cascade in cardiomyocytes with red light, providing high temporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Cokić
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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27
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Rehman MYA, Briedé JJ, van Herwijnen M, Krauskopf J, Jennen DGJ, Malik RN, Kleinjans JCS. Integrating SNPs-based genetic risk factor with blood epigenomic response of differentially arsenic-exposed rural subjects reveals disease-associated signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118279. [PMID: 34619179 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is responsible for numerous adverse health outcomes among millions of people. Epigenetic alterations are among the most widely studied mechanisms of As toxicity. To understand how As exposure alters gene expression through epigenetic modifications, a systematic genome-wide study was designed to address the impact of multiple important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to As exposure on the methylome of drinking water As-exposed rural subjects from Pakistan. Urinary As levels were used to stratify subjects into low, medium and high exposure groups. Genome-wide DNA methylation was investigated using MeDIP in combination with NimbleGen 2.1 M Deluxe Promotor arrays. Transcriptome levels were measured using Agilent 8 × 60 K expression arrays. Genotyping of selected SNPs (As3MT, DNMT1a, ERCC2, EGFR and MTHFR) was measured and an integrated genetic risk factor for each respondent was calculated by assigning a specific value to the measured genotypes based on known risk allele numbers. To select a representative model related to As exposure we compared 9 linear mixed models comprising of model 1 (including the genetic risk factor), model 2 (without the genetic risk factor) and models with individual SNPs incorporated into the methylome data. Pathway analysis was performed using ConsensusPathDB. Model 1 comprising the integrated genetic risk factor disclosed biochemical pathways including muscle contraction, cardio-vascular diseases, ATR signaling, GPCR signaling, methionine metabolism and chromatin modification in association with hypo- and hyper-methylated gene targets. A unique pathway (direct P53 effector) was found associated with the individual DNMT1a polymorphism due to hyper-methylation of CSE1L and TRRAP. Most importantly, we provide here the first evidence of As-associated DNA methylation in relation with gene expression of ATR, ATF7IP, TPM3, UBE2J2. We report the first evidence that integrating SNPs data with methylome data generates a more representative epigenome profile and discloses a better insight in disease risks of As-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jacco Jan Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Julian Krauskopf
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Danyel G J Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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Maciag M, Wnorowski A, Bednarz K, Plazinska A. Evaluation of β-adrenergic ligands for development of pharmacological heart failure and transparency models in zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115812. [PMID: 34838787 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular toxicity represents one of the most common reasons for clinical trial failure. Consequently, early identification of novel cardioprotective strategies could prevent the later-stage drug-induced cardiac side effects. The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in preclinical studies has greatly increased. High-throughput and low-cost of assays make zebrafish model ideal for initial drug discovery. A common strategy to induce heart failure is a chronic β-adrenergic (βAR) stimulation. Herein, we set out to test a panel of βAR agonists to develop a pharmacological heart failure model in zebrafish. We assessed βAR agonists with respect to the elicited mortality, changes in heart rate, and morphological alterations in zebrafish larvae according to Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test. Among the tested βAR agonists, epinephrine elicited the most potent onset of heart stimulation (EC50 = 0.05 mM), which corresponds with its physiological role as catecholamine. However, when used at ten-fold higher dose (0.5 mM), the same compound caused severe heart rate inhibition (-28.70 beats/min), which can be attributed to its cardiotoxicity. Further studies revealed that isoetharine abolished body pigmentation at the sublethal dose of 7.50 mM. Additionally, as a proof of concept that zebrafish can mimic human cardiac physiology, we tested βAR antagonists (propranolol, carvedilol, metoprolol, and labetalol) and verified that they inhibited fish heart rate in a similar fashion as in humans. In conclusion, we proposed two novel pharmacological models in zebrafish; i.e., epinephrine-dependent heart failure and isoetharine-dependent transparent zebrafish. We provided strong evidence that the zebrafish model constitutes a valuable tool for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Maciag
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kinga Bednarz
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anita Plazinska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Borges JI, Carbone AM, Cora N, Sizova A, Lymperopoulos A. GTPγS Assay for Measuring Agonist-Induced Desensitization of Two Human Polymorphic Alpha 2B-Adrenoceptor Variants. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2547:267-273. [PMID: 36068469 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2573-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
α2-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) mediate many cellular actions of epinephrine and norepinephrine, including inhibition of their secretion (sympathetic inhibition) from adrenal chromaffin cells. Like many other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), they undergo agonist-dependent phosphorylation and desensitization by GPCR kinases (GRKs), a phenomenon recently shown to play a major role in the sympathetic overdrive that accompanies and aggravates chronic heart failure. A three-glutamic acid deletion polymorphism in the human α2B-AR subtype gene (Glu301-303) causes impaired agonist-promoted receptor phosphorylation and desensitization, resulting in enhanced signaling to inhibition of cholinergic-induced catecholamine secretion in adrenal chromaffin cells. One of the various pharmacological assays that can be used to quantify and quantitatively compare the degrees of agonist-dependent desensitization, i.e., G protein decoupling, of these two polymorphic α2B-AR variants (or of any two GPCRs for that matter) is the guanosine-5'-O-3-thiotriphosphate (GTPγS) assay that can directly quantify heterotrimeric G protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra M Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
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30
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Mori Y, Tsuchihira A, Yoshida T, Yoshida S, Fujiuchi A, Ohmi M, Isogai Y, Sakaguchi T, Eguchi S, Tsuda T, Kato K, Ohashi K, Ouchi N, Park HM, Murohara T, Takefuji M. Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 antagonist, RQ-00490721, for the prevention of pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112566. [PMID: 34954642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate the pathological and physiological functions of the heart. GPCR antagonists are widely used in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Despite therapeutic advances in the treatments for cardiovascular diseases, heart failure is a major clinical health problem, with significant mortality and morbidity. Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, and cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the genes encoding CRHR2 suppresses pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. This suggests that the negative modulation of CRHR2 may prevent the progression of heart failure. However, there are no systemic drugs against CRHR2. FINDINGS We developed a novel, oral, small molecule antagonist of CRHR2, RQ-00490721, to investigate the inhibition of CRHR2 as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of heart failure. In vitro, RQ-00490721 decreased CRHR2 agonist-induced 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. In vivo, RQ-00490721 showed sufficient oral absorption and better distribution to peripheral organs than to the central nervous system. Oral administration of RQ-00490721 inhibited the CRHR2 agonist-induced phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in the heart, which regulates a transcription activator involved in heart failure. RQ-00490721 administration was not found to affect basal heart function in mice but protected them from pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that RQ-00490721 is a promising agent for use in the treatment of chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mori
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoya Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fujiuchi
- Discovery Research, RaQualia Pharma Inc., Nagoya, Japan; RaQualia Pharma Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Center, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohmi
- Discovery Research, RaQualia Pharma Inc., Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumi Isogai
- Discovery Research, RaQualia Pharma Inc., Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teruhiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Eguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuma Tsuda
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hyi-Man Park
- Discovery Research, RaQualia Pharma Inc., Nagoya, Japan; RaQualia Pharma Industry-Academia Collaborative Research Center, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Monteiro O, Bhaskar A, Ng AKM, Murdoch CE, Baptista-Hon DT. Computer-based virtual laboratory simulations: LabHEART cardiac physiology practical. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2021; 45:856-868. [PMID: 34473584 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00094.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Practical demonstration of cardiomyocyte function requires substantial preparation, a source of freshly isolated animal hearts, and specialized equipment. Even where such resources are available, it is not conducive for demonstration to any more than a few students at a time. These approaches are also not consistent with the 3R principle (replacement, reduction, and refinement) of ethical use of animals. We present an implementation of the LabHEART software, developed by Donald Bers and Jose Puglisi, for medical students. Prior to the activity, students had lectures covering the physiological and pharmacological aspects of cardiac excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. We used this problem-based activity to help students consolidate their knowledge and to allow a hands-on approach to explore the key features of EC coupling. Students simulate and measure action potentials, intracellular calcium changes, and cardiomyocyte contraction. They also apply drugs that target ion channels (e.g., nifedipine or tetrodotoxin) or sympathetic input (using isoproterenol) and explore changes to EC coupling. Furthermore, by modifying the biophysical parameters of key ion channels involved in the electrical activity of the heart, students also explore the effect of channelopathies such as long QT syndromes. We describe approaches to implement this activity in a flipped classroom format, with recorded lecture materials provided ahead of the practical to facilitate active learning. We also describe our experiences implementing this activity online. The content and difficulty of the activity can be altered to suit individual courses and is also amenable to promote peer-driven learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Monteiro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Anand Bhaskar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Anna K M Ng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Colin E Murdoch
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel T Baptista-Hon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau S.A.R., China
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Lymperopoulos A, Borges JI, Carbone AM, Cora N, Sizova A. Cardiovascular angiotensin II type 1 receptor biased signaling: Focus on non-Gq-, non-βarrestin-dependent signaling. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105943. [PMID: 34662735 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and pathophysiological roles of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor ubiquitously expressed throughout the cardiovascular system, have been the focus of intense investigations for decades. The success of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which are AT1R-selective antagonists/inverse agonists, in the treatment of heart disease is a testament to the importance of this receptor for cardiovascular homeostasis. Given the pleiotropic signaling of the cardiovascular AT1R and, in an effort to develop yet better drugs for heart disease, the concept of biased signaling has been exploited to design and develop biased AT1R ligands that selectively activate β-arrestin transduction pathways over Gq protein-dependent pathways. However, by focusing solely on Gq or β-arrestins, studies on AT1R "biased" signaling & agonism tend to largely ignore other non-Gq-, non β-arrestin-dependent signaling modalities the very versatile AT1R employs in cardiovascular tissues, including two very important types of signal transducers/regulators: other G protein types (e.g., Gi/o, G12/13) & the Regulator of G protein Signaling (RGS) proteins. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the current state of cardiovascular AT1R biased signaling field with a special focus on the non-Gq-, non β-arrestin-dependent signaling avenues of this receptor in the cardiovascular system, which usually get left out of the conversation of "biased" AT1R signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA.
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Alexandra M Carbone
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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Sympatholytic Mechanisms for the Beneficial Cardiovascular Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Research Hypothesis for Dapagliflozin's Effects in the Adrenal Gland. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147684. [PMID: 34299304 PMCID: PMC8305388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains the leading cause of morbidity and death in the western world, and new therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to improve the lifespan and quality of life of HF patients. The sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, originally developed and mainly indicated for diabetes mellitus treatment, have been increasingly shown to ameliorate heart disease, and specifically HF, in humans, regardless of diabetes co-existence. Indeed, dapagliflozin has been reported to reduce cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This SGLT2 inhibitor demonstrates these benefits also in non-diabetic subjects, indicating that dapagliflozin's efficacy in HF is independent of blood glucose control. Evidence for the effectiveness of various SGLT2 inhibitors in providing cardiovascular benefits irrespective of their effects on blood glucose regulation have spurred the use of these agents in HFrEF treatment and resulted in FDA approvals for cardiovascular indications. The obvious question arising from all these studies is, of course, which molecular/pharmacological mechanisms underlie these cardiovascular benefits of the drugs in diabetics and non-diabetics alike. The fact that SGLT2 is not significantly expressed in cardiac myocytes (SGLT1 appears to be the dominant isoform) adds even greater perplexity to this answer. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed over the past few years and tested in cell and animal models and prominent among those is the potential for sympatholysis, i.e., reduction in sympathetic nervous system activity. The latter is known to be high in HF patients, contributing significantly to the morbidity and mortality of the disease. The present minireview first summarizes the current evidence in the literature supporting the notion that SGLT2 inhibitors, such as dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, exert sympatholysis, and also outlines the main putative underlying mechanisms for these sympatholytic effects. Then, we propose a novel hypothesis, centered on the adrenal medulla, for the sympatholytic effects specifically of dapagliflozin. Adrenal medulla is responsible for the production and secretion of almost the entire amount of circulating epinephrine and of a significant percentage of circulating norepinephrine in the human body. If proven true experimentally, this hypothesis, along with other emerging experimental evidence for sympatholytic effects in neurons, will shed new light on the pharmacological effects that mediate the cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitor drugs, independently of their blood glucose-lowering effects.
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Impact of Aldosterone on the Failing Myocardium: Insights from Mitochondria and Adrenergic Receptors Signaling and Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061552. [PMID: 34205363 PMCID: PMC8235589 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone regulates electrolyte and blood volume homeostasis, but it also adversely modulates the structure and function of the chronically failing heart, through its elevated production in chronic human post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF). By activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a ligand-regulated transcription factor, aldosterone promotes inflammation and fibrosis of the heart, while increasing oxidative stress, ultimately induding mitochondrial dysfunction in the failing myocardium. To reduce morbidity and mortality in advanced stage HF, MR antagonist drugs, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, are used. In addition to the MR, aldosterone can bind and stimulate other receptors, such as the plasma membrane-residing G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), further complicating it signaling properties in the myocardium. Given the salient role that adrenergic receptor (ARs)—particularly βARs—play in cardiac physiology and pathology, unsurprisingly, that part of the impact of aldosterone on the failing heart is mediated by its effects on the signaling and function of these receptors. Aldosterone can significantly precipitate the well-documented derangement of cardiac AR signaling and impairment of AR function, critically underlying chronic human HF. One of the main consequences of HF in mammalian models at the cellular level is the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. As such, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction could be a valid pharmacological target in this condition. This review summarizes the current experimental evidence for this aldosterone/AR crosstalk in both the healthy and failing heart, and the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in HF. Recent findings from signaling studies focusing on MR and AR crosstalk via non-conventional signaling of molecules that normally terminate the signaling of ARs in the heart, i.e., the G protein-coupled receptor-kinases (GRKs), are also highlighted.
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Gonzalez EA, Tobar Leitão SA, Soares DDS, Tavares AMV, Giugliani R, Baldo G, Matte U. Cardiac pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis I mice: Losartan modifies ERK1/2 activation during cardiac remodeling. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:740-750. [PMID: 33145772 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the IDUA gene, that codifies the alpha-L-iduronidase enzyme, which deficiency leads to storage of glycosaminoglycans, with multiple clinical manifestations. One of the leading causes of death in MPS I patients are cardiac complications such as cardiac valve thickening, conduction abnormalities, myocardial dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanism leading to cardiac dysfunction in MPS I is not entirely understood. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that losartan and propranolol improved the cardiac function in MPS I mice. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the pathways influenced by these drugs may modulate the cardiac remodeling process in MPS I mice. According to our previous observation, losartan and propranolol restore the heart function, without altering valve thickness. MPS I mice presented reduced activation of AKT and ERK1/2, increased activity of cathepsins, but no alteration in metalloproteinase activity was observed. Animals treated with losartan showed a reduction in cathepsin activity and restored ERK1/2 activation. While both losartan and propranolol improved heart function, no mechanistic evidence was found for propranolol so far. Our results suggest that losartan or propranolol could be used to ameliorate the cardiac disease in MPS I and could be considered as adjuvant treatment candidates for therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Santiago Alonso Tobar Leitão
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas Dos Santos Soares
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Science, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Vicente Tavares
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Postgraduate Program in Genetic and Molecular Biology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cells, Tissues, and Genes Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Guo J, Hang P, Yu J, Li W, Zhao X, Sun Y, Fan Z, Du Z. The association between RGS4 and choline in cardiac fibrosis. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:46. [PMID: 33892733 PMCID: PMC8063380 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial fibrosis is caused by the adverse and powerful remodeling of the heart secondary to the death of cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction. Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS) 4 is involved in cardiac diseases through regulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Methods Cardiac fibrosis models were established through cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in vitro and mice subjected to myocardial infarction in vivo. The mRNA expression of RGS4, collagen I/III and α-SMA detected by qRT-PCR. Protein level of RGS4, collagen I, CTGF and α-SMA detected by Western blot. The ejection fraction (EF%) and fractional shortening (FS%) of mice were measured by echocardiography. Collagen deposition of mice was tested by Masson staining. Results The expression of RGS4 increased in CFs treatment with TGF-β1 and in MI mice. The model of cardiac fibrosis detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. It was demonstrated that inhibition of RGS4 expression improved cardiac fibrosis by transfection with small interfering RNA in CFs and injection with lentivirus shRNA in mice. The protective effect of choline against cardiac fibrosis was counteracted by overexpression of RGS4 in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, choline inhibited the protein level of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 in CFs treated with TGF-β1, which were restored by RGS4 overexpression. Conclusion This study demonstrated that RGS4 promoted cardiac fibrosis and attenuated the anti-cardiac fibrosis of choline. RGS4 may weaken anti-cardiac fibrosis of choline through TGF-β1/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways. ![]()
Video Abstract: Video Byte of this article
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material availlable at 10.1186/s12964-020-00682-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengzhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuye Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Fan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Reserch in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau, 150086, People's Republic of China.
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Lymperopoulos A, Cora N, Maning J, Brill AR, Sizova A. Signaling and function of cardiac autonomic nervous system receptors: Insights from the GPCR signalling universe. FEBS J 2021; 288:2645-2659. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Ava R. Brill
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA
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Ferraino KE, Cora N, Pollard CM, Sizova A, Maning J, Lymperopoulos A. Adrenal angiotensin II type 1 receptor biased signaling: The case for "biased" inverse agonism for effective aldosterone suppression. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109967. [PMID: 33640432 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) uses two distinct G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) types, AT1R and AT2R, to exert a plethora of physiologic effects in the body and to significantly affect cardiovascular homeostasis. Although not much is known about the signaling of the AT2R, AT1R signaling is known to be quite pleiotropic, mobilizing a variety of signal transducers inside cells to produce a biological outcome. When the outcome in question is aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex, the main transducers activated specifically by the adrenocortical AT1R to signal toward that cellular effect are the Gq/11 protein alpha subunits and the β-arrestins (also known as Arrestin-2 and -3). The existence of various downstream pathways the AT1R signal can travel down on has led to the ever-expanding filed of GPCR pharmacology termed "biased" signaling, which refers to a ligand preferentially activating one signaling pathway over others downstream of the same receptor in the same cell. However, "biased" signaling or "biased" agonism is therapeutically desirable only when the downstream pathways lead to different or opposite cellular outcomes, so the pathway promoting the beneficial effect can be selectively activated over the pathway that leads to detrimental consequences. In the case of the adrenal AT1R, both Gq/11 proteins and β-arrestins mediate signaling to the same end-result: aldosterone synthesis and secretion. Therefore, both pathways need to remain inactive in the adrenal cortex to fully suppress the production of aldosterone, which is one of the culprit hormones elevated in chronic heart failure, hypertension, and various other cardiovascular diseases. Variations in the effectiveness of the AT1R antagonists, which constitute the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) class of drugs (also known as sartans), at the relative blockade of these two pathways downstream of the adrenal AT1R opens the door to the flip term "biased" inverse agonism at the AT1R. ARBs that are unbiased and equipotent inverse agonists for both G proteins and β-arrestins at this receptor, like candesartan and valsartan, are the most preferred agents with the best efficacy at reducing circulating aldosterone, thereby ameliorating heart failure. In the present review, the biased signaling of the adrenal AT1R, particularly in relation to aldosterone production, is examined and the term "biased" inverse agonism at the AT1R is introduced and explained, as a means of pharmacological categorization of the various agents within the ARB drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysten E Ferraino
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Celina M Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasiya Sizova
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA.
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Kang D, Yu J, Xia J, Li X, Wang H, Zhao Y. Effect of norepinephrine combined with sodium phosphocreatine on cardiac function and prognosis of patients with septic shock. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 34:2058738420950583. [PMID: 33206570 PMCID: PMC7683914 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420950583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic shock (SS) leads to a high mortality rate for sepsis patients. Norepinephrine (NE) is a preferred vasoactive agent in SS treatment. This study aimed to assess the effects of NE at different administration time and NE combined with SP treatment on the cardiac function and prognosis of SS. SS patients received NE treatment at different administration time and NE combined with SP treatment were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), ejection fraction (EF), and pressure-adjusted heart rate (PAR) value were analyzed to evaluate cardiac function. The 28-day survival information was collected and assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. The cardiac function of SS patients was improved significantly by NE treatment, especially in the patients received NE at 2 h after fluid infusion, which evidenced by the increased BNP and cTnI levels and EF% and the decreased RAP. In the NE-2 h group, SS patients had a better 28-day survival rate compared with those patients in NE-1 h and -3 h groups. Furthermore, the significantly improved cardiac function and survival outcomes were found in patients received NE combined SP treatment. Taken together, this study results show that NE administration at 2 h after fluid infusion may be the optimal time point for the treatment of SS and NE combined with SP treatment can improve early cardiac dysfunction and 28-day survival outcomes in patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Kang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Jiading Xia
- Department of Intensive Care, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Huarong Wang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
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Niriayo YL, Asgedom SW, Demoz GT, Gidey K. Treatment optimization of beta-blockers in chronic heart failure therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15903. [PMID: 32981932 PMCID: PMC7522285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although evidence based guidelines recommend optimal use of beta blockers in all patients with chronic heart failure unless contraindicated, they are often underutilized and/or prescribed below the recommended dosage in the majority of patients with heart failure. To our knowledge, however, the optimal use of beta-blockers in chronic heart failure is not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the utilization and optimization of beta blockers in the management of patients with chronic heart failure in Ethiopia. A prospective observational study was conducted among ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure in Ethiopia. We included adult patients with a diagnosis of heart failure with a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% who had been on follow-up for at least 6 months. Patients were recruited into the study during their appointment for medication refilling using simple random sampling technique. All patients were followed for at least 6 months to determine the optimal use of beta blockers. The optimal use of beta blockers was determined according to evidence based guidelines. After explaining the purpose of the study, we obtained written informed consent from all participants. Data were collected through patient interview and review of patients' medical records. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with utilization of beta blockers. A total of 288 patients were included in the study. Out of the total, 67% of the patients were receiving beta blockers. Among the patients who received beta blockers, 34.2% were taking guideline recommended beta blockers while 65.8% were taking atenolol, which is not guideline recommended beta blocker. Among the patients who received guideline recommended beta blockers, only 3% were taking optimal dose. Prior hospitalization [Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) 0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19-0.76], dose of furosemide > 40 mg (AOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.76), ischemic heart disease (AOR 3.27, 95% CI 1.66-6.45), atrial fibrillation (AOR 4.41, 95% CI 1.38-14.13) were significantly associated with the utilization of beta-blockers. Despite proven benefit, beta blockers were not optimally used in most of the participants in this study. The presence of ischemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation were positively associated with the utilization of beta blockers while hospitalization and higher diuretic dose were negatively associated with the utilization of beta blockers. Clinicians should attempt to use evidence based beta blockers at guideline recommended target doses that have been shown to have morbidity and mortality benefit in chronic heart failure. Moreover, more effort needs to be done to minimize the potentially modifiable risk factors for underutilization of beta blocker in chronic heart failure therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirga Legesse Niriayo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
| | - Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Teklemariam Demoz
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Unit, Departments of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kidu Gidey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
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Manolis AS, Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Apostolaki NE, Apostolopoulos EJ, Melita H, Katsiki N. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Current status of translational research/clinical and therapeutic implications. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:275-313. [PMID: 32959403 DOI: 10.1002/med.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria provide energy to the cell during aerobic respiration by supplying ~95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules via oxidative phosphorylation. These organelles have various other functions, all carried out by numerous proteins, with the majority of them being encoded by nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondria occupy ~1/3 of the volume of myocardial cells in adults, and function at levels of high-efficiency to promptly meet the energy requirements of the myocardial contractile units. Mitochondria have their own DNA (mtDNA), which contains 37 genes and is maternally inherited. Over the last several years, a variety of functions of these organelles have been discovered and this has led to a growing interest in their involvement in various diseases, including cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction relates to the status where mitochondria cannot meet the demands of a cell for ATP and there is an enhanced formation of reactive-oxygen species. This dysfunction may occur as a result of mtDNA and/or nDNA mutations, but also as a response to aging and various disease and environmental stresses, leading to the development of cardiomyopathies and other CV diseases. Designing mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to maintain or restore mitochondrial function has been a great challenge as a result of variable responses according to the etiology of the disorder. There have been several preclinical data on such therapies, but clinical studies are scarce. A major challenge relates to the techniques needed to eclectically deliver the therapeutic agents to cardiac tissues and to damaged mitochondria for successful clinical outcomes. All these issues and progress made over the last several years are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis S Manolis
- First Department of Cardiology, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Center, Medical School, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Li X, Cai H, Ren X, He J, Tang J, Xie P, Wang N, Nie F, Lei L, Wang C, Li W, Ma J. Sandstorm weather is a risk factor for mortality in ischemic heart disease patients in the Hexi Corridor, northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34099-34106. [PMID: 32557065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Moreover, the effects of air pollution have been associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The relationship between sandstorm weather and IHD is unknown. The Hexi Corridor is located in northwestern China and is a typical desert region comprising a large area of desert with a high incidence of sandstorms. This study aimed to explore the association between sandstorm weather and IHD-related mortality in this area. We acquired meteorological data of sandstorm weather from 2006 to 2015 from the Gansu Meteorological Bureau, and data regarding deaths due to IHD in five cities within the Hexi Corridor were collected from the death registration system of the Center for Disease Control of Gansu during the same period. Two other cities with few sandstorm events were selected as control regions. The time series method of the generalized additive model (GAM) was used to assess the association between sandstorm weather and IHD-related mortality in the Hexi Corridor. The results showed that the frequency of sandstorms in the Hexi Corridor was higher than that in the control regions (5.48% vs 1.64%, P < 0.01), and IHD-related mortality was correspondingly higher than that in the control regions (56.42/100,000 vs 45.62/100,000, P < 0.01). After stratification by gender, age, and urban/rural residence, a significant difference in IHD-related mortality was also noted (P < 0.05). Significant associations were found between sandstorm weather and IHD-related mortality, and the relative risk (RR) increased with an increasing number of days of sandstorm weather. According to the monthly and annual analyses, the mortality rate corresponded to sandstorm frequency. Our data suggest a positive association between sandstorm weather and IHD-related mortality in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province. The underlying mechanism requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaolan Ren
- Department of Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200041, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fangfei Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Linfeng Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Central Meteorological Station of Gansu Meteorological Bureau, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Boesgaard MW, Harpsøe K, Malmberg M, Underwood CR, Inoue A, Mathiesen JM, König GM, Kostenis E, Gloriam DE, Bräuner-Osborne H. Delineation of molecular determinants for FR900359 inhibition of G q/11 unlocks inhibition of Gα s. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13850-13861. [PMID: 32753482 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins are essential mediators of intracellular signaling of G protein-coupled receptors. The Gq/11 subfamily consists of Gq, G11, G14, and G16 proteins, of which all but G16 are inhibited by the structurally related natural products YM-254890 and FR900359. These inhibitors act by preventing the GDP/GTP exchange, which is necessary for activation of all G proteins. A homologous putative binding site for YM-254890/FR900359 can also be found in members of the other three G protein families, Gs, Gi/o, and G12/13, but none of the published analogs of YM-254890/FR900359 have shown any inhibitory activity for any of these. To explain why the YM-254890/FR900359 scaffold only inhibits Gq/11/14, the present study delineated the molecular selectivity determinants by exchanging amino acid residues in the YM-254890/FR900359-binding site in Gq and Gs We found that the activity of a Gs mutant with a Gq-like binding site for YM-254890/FR900359 can be inhibited by FR900359, and a minimum of three mutations are necessary to introduce inhibition in Gs In all, this suggests that although the YM-254890/FR900359 scaffold has proven unsuccessful to derive Gs, Gi/o, and G12/13 inhibitors, the mechanism of inhibition between families of G proteins is conserved, opening up the possibility of targeting by other, novel inhibitor scaffolds. In lack of a selective Gαs inhibitor, FR900359-sensitive Gαs mutants may prove useful in studies where delicate control over Gαs signaling would be of the essence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Boesgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Harpsøe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle Malmberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina R Underwood
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jesper M Mathiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Clinical value of detecting autoantibodies against β 1-, β 2,- and α 1-adrenergic receptors in carvedilol treatment of patients with heart failure. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2020; 17:305-312. [PMID: 32670360 PMCID: PMC7338933 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the possible association of anti-β1-adrenergic receptors (anti-β1-AR), anti-β2-AR and anti-α1-AR with carvedilol treatment in patients with heart failure (HF). Methods A total of 267 HF patients were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All of the patients received carvedilol for their HF. Each patient was followed up for six months and their cardiac function was measured. Results The final analysis encompassed 137 patients comprising 65 patients with three autoantibodies (positive group) and 72 patients without all three autoantibodies but with one or two autoantibodies (negative group). The frequency and geometric mean titer of anti-β1-AR, anti-β2-AR, and anti-α1-AR were significantly lower in the group without all three autoantibodies after six months of carvedilol treatment (all P < 0.01; from 100% to 57%, 50%, and 49%, respectively; and from 1: 118, 1: 138, and 1: 130 to 1: 72, 1: 61, and 1: 67, respectively). Furthermore, 28 patients in the positive group demonstrated complete ablation of autoantibodies. In addition, left ventricular remodelling and function was significantly improved by the use of carvedilol combined with the standard treatment regime for six months in the positive group (P < 0.01) when compared to the negative group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Carvedilol treatment significantly decreases frequency and geometric mean titer in patients with all three autoantibodies, even up to complete ablation, and significantly improved cardiac function and remodelling. The effect of carvedilol is probably correlated to the presence of all three autoantibodies.
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Lumlertgul N, Ostermann M. Roles of angiotensin II as vasopressor in vasodilatory shock. Future Cardiol 2020; 16:569-583. [PMID: 32462921 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shock is an acute condition of circulatory failure resulting in life-threatening organ dysfunction, high morbidity and high mortality. Current management includes fluid and catecholamine therapy to maintain adequate mean arterial pressure and organ perfusion. Norepinephrine is recommended as first-line vasopressor, but other agents are available. Angiotensin II is an alternative potent vasoconstrictor without chronotropic or inotropic properties. Several studies, including a large randomized controlled trial have demonstrated its ability to increase blood pressure with catecholamine-sparing effects. Angiotensin II was consequently approved by the US FDA in 2017 and the EU in 2019 as an add-on vasopressor in vasodilatory shock. This review aims to discuss its basic pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttha Lumlertgul
- Department of Critical Care, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.,Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Critical Care Nephrology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Marlies Ostermann
- Department of Critical Care, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Kaiser E, Tian Q, Wagner M, Barth M, Xian W, Schröder L, Ruppenthal S, Kaestner L, Boehm U, Wartenberg P, Lu H, McMillin SM, Bone DBJ, Wess J, Lipp P. DREADD technology reveals major impact of Gq signalling on cardiac electrophysiology. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1052-1066. [PMID: 30321287 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Signalling via Gq-coupled receptors is of profound importance in many cardiac diseases such as hypertrophy and arrhythmia. Nevertheless, owing to their widespread expression and the inability to selectively stimulate such receptors in vivo, their relevance for cardiac function is not well understood. We here use DREADD technology to understand the role of Gq-coupled signalling in vivo in cardiac function. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a novel transgenic mouse line that expresses a Gq-coupled DREADD (Dq) in striated muscle under the control of the muscle creatine kinase promotor. In vivo injection of the DREADD agonist clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) resulted in a dose-dependent, rapid mortality of the animals. In vivo electrocardiogram data revealed severe cardiac arrhythmias including lack of P waves, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia. Following Dq activation, electrophysiological malfunction of the heart could be recapitulated in the isolated heart ex vivo. Individual ventricular and atrial myocytes displayed a positive inotropic response and arrhythmogenic events in the absence of altered action potentials. Ventricular tissue sections revealed a strong co-localization of Dq with the principal cardiac connexin CX43. Western blot analysis with phosphor-specific antibodies revealed strong phosphorylation of a PKC-dependent CX43 phosphorylation site following CNO application in vivo. CONCLUSION Activation of Gq-coupled signalling has a major impact on impulse generation, impulse propagation, and coordinated impulse delivery in the heart. Thus, Gq-coupled signalling does not only modulate the myocytes' Ca2+ handling but also directly alters the heart's electrophysiological properties such as intercellular communication. This study greatly advances our understanding of the plethora of modulatory influences of Gq signalling on the heart in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kaiser
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qinghai Tian
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Barth
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenying Xian
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schröder
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Ruppenthal
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wartenberg
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Huiyan Lu
- Mouse Transgenic Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara M McMillin
- Molecular Signaling Section, Lab. of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derek B J Bone
- Molecular Signaling Section, Lab. of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Lab. of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Lipp
- Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Institute for Molecular Cell Biology; Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Bloxham CJ, Foster SR, Thomas WG. A Bitter Taste in Your Heart. Front Physiol 2020; 11:431. [PMID: 32457649 PMCID: PMC7225360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains ∼29 bitter taste receptors (T2Rs), which are responsible for detecting thousands of bitter ligands, including toxic and aversive compounds. This sentinel function varies between individuals and is underpinned by naturally occurring T2R polymorphisms, which have also been associated with disease. Recent studies have reported the expression of T2Rs and their downstream signaling components within non-gustatory tissues, including the heart. Though the precise role of T2Rs in the heart remains unclear, evidence points toward a role in cardiac contractility and overall vascular tone. In this review, we summarize the extra-oral expression of T2Rs, focusing on evidence for expression in heart; we speculate on the range of potential ligands that may activate them; we define the possible signaling pathways they activate; and we argue that their discovery in heart predicts an, as yet, unappreciated cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Bloxham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon R Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Maning J, McCrink KA, Pollard CM, Desimine VL, Ghandour J, Perez A, Cora N, Ferraino KE, Parker BM, Brill AR, Aukszi B, Lymperopoulos A. Antagonistic Roles of GRK2 and GRK5 in Cardiac Aldosterone Signaling Reveal GRK5-Mediated Cardioprotection via Mineralocorticoid Receptor Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082868. [PMID: 32326036 PMCID: PMC7215681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone (Aldo), when overproduced, is a cardiotoxic hormone underlying heart failure and hypertension. Aldo exerts damaging effects via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) but also activates the antiapoptotic G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the heart. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-kinase (GRK)-2 and -5 are the most abundant cardiac GRKs and phosphorylate GPCRs as well as non-GPCR substrates. Herein, we investigated whether they phosphorylate and regulate cardiac MR and GPER. To this end, we used the cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 and adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs), in which we manipulated GRK5 protein levels via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 and GRK2 activity via pharmacological inhibition. We report that GRK5 phosphorylates and inhibits the cardiac MR whereas GRK2 phosphorylates and desensitizes GPER. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes, GRK5 interacts with and phosphorylates the MR upon β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) activation. In contrast, GRK2 opposes agonist-activated GPER signaling. Importantly, GRK5-dependent MR phosphorylation of the MR inhibits transcriptional activity, since aldosterone-induced gene transcription is markedly suppressed in GRK5-overexpressing cardiomyocytes. Conversely, GRK5 gene deletion augments cardiac MR transcriptional activity. β2AR-stimulated GRK5 phosphorylates and inhibits the MR also in ARVMs. Additionally, GRK5 is necessary for the protective effects of the MR antagonist drug eplerenone against Aldo-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in ARVMs. In conclusion, GRK5 blocks the cardiotoxic MR-dependent effects of Aldo in the heart, whereas GRK2 may hinder beneficial effects of Aldo through GPER. Thus, cardiac GRK5 stimulation (e.g., via β2AR activation) might be of therapeutic value for heart disease treatment via boosting the efficacy of MR antagonists against Aldo-mediated cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Maning
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Katie A. McCrink
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Celina M. Pollard
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Victoria L. Desimine
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Jennifer Ghandour
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Arianna Perez
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Natalie Cora
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Krysten E. Ferraino
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Barbara M. Parker
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Ava R. Brill
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Beatrix Aukszi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA;
| | - Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (J.M.); (K.A.M.); (C.M.P.); (V.L.D.); (J.G.); (A.P.); (N.C.); (K.E.F.); (B.M.P.); (A.R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +954-262-1338; Fax: +954-262-2278
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Insights into sympathetic nervous system and GPCR interplay in fetal programming of hypertension: a bridge for new pharmacological strategies. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:739-747. [PMID: 32032706 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In addition to the classical CVD risk factors related to lifestyle and/or genetic background, exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment compromises fetal development leading to low birth weight and increasing offspring susceptibility to develop CVDs later in life, particularly hypertension - a process known as fetal programming of hypertension (FPH). In FPH animal models, permanent alterations have been detected in gene expression, in the structure and function of heart and blood vessels, compromising cardiovascular physiology and favoring hypertension development. This review focuses on the role of the sympathetic nervous system and its interplay with G-protein-coupled receptors, emphasizing strategies that envisage the prevention and/or treatment of FPH through interventions in early life.
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Beladiya JV, Chaudagar K, Mehta AA. Gαq-RGS2 loop activator modulates the activity of vario us agonists on isolated heart and aorta of normal rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000318560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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